wardenn.¹

Brit.

/ˈwɔːdn/, U.S.

/ˈwɔrd(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English–1500s wardein, 1500s wardeine, Middle English–1500s wardeyn(e, Middle English wardain(e, wardayn(e, Middle English Scottish vardane, Middle English–1500s northern and Scottish wardan(e, Middle English werdein, werdeyn, Scottish wardand, Middle English–1500s wardyn, 1500s Scottish varden, vardan, vordan, wairdan(e, Middle English– warden.

Etymology: < Old French wardein, north-eastern variant of guarden , -ene : see guardian n.The word is current as a traditional designation of office; in other uses it is poetic or archaic. In the legal uses the Anglo-Norman form is gardein, and in many of them guardian is the preferred form in English. In Anglo-Latin rendered by custos.

†1.

a. One who guards, protects, or defends; occasionally a guardian angel: = guardian n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender

shield971

warranta1225

warden?c1225

forhillera1300

inshieldera1300

shieldera1300

weryera1325

hilera1340

witier1340

protectorc1390

guard1412

safeguardera1535

fencec1540

safekeeper1561

parens patriae1764

guardsmana1854

fortifier1878

minder1896

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian

warda680

warden?c1225

watchman14..

geterc1540

guarder1542

guardant1592

vigil1648

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 232 Wat crist ure vchan. to swa gentil wardein bereð to lute menske.

c1290 John 31 in S.E. Leg. 403 Þere in seint Iohanes warde is swete moder he tok,..hire wardein he was aftur also þat he to heouene i-wende.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiii. 7 Þat he be wardayn of þaim þat dredis him purly.

c1400 Pylgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. vii. (1859) 6 There is none so caitif pilgrym that he ne hath assigned hym a wardeyne the hour of his byrthe.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2441 Silence of tunge is wardein of good fame.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xv. 43 O brycht Apollo..Of haly mont Soractis the wardane.

†b. Astronomy. = guard n. 12. Cf. guardian n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor > guardian(s)

guardian1555

warden1555

guard1574

watcher1588

watch-star1588

guard-star1690

1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 185 The starres which are cauled the wardens of the north starre.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 239^v The starre of the pole Artike, is there inuisible: But the wardens are seene sumwhat to moue about.

a. One who has the care of something specified; a keeper. Obsolete exc. poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

a1290 S. Eustace 230 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 216 Þe hayward nom and bleu his horn, For he wes wardein of þat corn.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 53 For Rihtfoliche Resoun schulde rulen ou alle, And kuynde wit be wardeyn oure weolþe to kepe.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 393 One of þe wardeynes þat kepte þe body of Seint Andrewe in Constantinople.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 425 Þe wardeyn [L. custos] of þe asse folowede after.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 33 Demetrius þat was wardeyn of his bookes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4691 Garners and granges fild wit sede,..In ilk sted a sere wardain.

1422 T. Hoccleve Tale Jonathas 223 Let me been of it [sc. the ring] wardeyn; ffor as my lyf, keepe it wole y certeyn.

1871 D. G. Rossetti Eden Bower in Poems xxi Of all this wealth I have made thee warden.

†b. One in charge of a division of an army. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > officer of other specific ranks

warden1297

constablec1300

sergeant of a band1548

gill-master1598

vinton1610

subcommander1612

exempt1700

exon1767

serrefiles1897

Queen A.T.1943

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9003 Þe king henri is ost a þre delde þere..him sulf in þe oþer was..& þanne is tueie sones were wardeins of þe þridde.

c. Warden of the Peace = ‘Guardian of the Peace’: see guardian n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate

Justice of the Peace1423

justice1509

conservator of the peacea1513

Warden of the Peace1543

Guardian of the Peace1581

mittimus1630

magistrate1727

J.P.1732

beak1799

county commissioner1809

bubble and squeak1935

1543 tr. Act 4 Edw. III c. 2 The iustices assigned..shall haue power to delyuer the same iayles of those that shalbe endited before the wardeins of the peace [Fr. les gardeins de la pees].

1854 J. Toulmin Smith Parish ii. 38 The Sheriffs and other Wardens of the peace..are required [etc.].

d. A gatekeeper, porter, sentinel. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard

warda680

wakemanc1175

wardena1250

watchc1380

watchmana1400

outwatch1488

warderc1540

sentinel1579

perdu1639

sentry1650

lookout1662

security man1662

guardman1756

excubitor1775

cockatoo1827

guardsmana1854

dog1870

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 121 He sette one wummon uorto beon ȝeteward ðet is feble wardein.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 1177 The wardeyn of þe yates gan to calle The folk, which þat with-oute the yates were, And bad hym dryuen In here bestes alle.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. xii. 314 At the threshold of the rocky door,..Fit warden of the sorcery-gate A rebel Afreet lay.

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Wardens of His Majesty's Dock-Yards, are generally old lieutenants in the royal navy, appointed..to see that no person whatever be admitted without an order from the commissioner.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. x. 357 The man was apprehended by the warden of the frontier of Jaen.

a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 376 I've won from the warden The key,—the key; And the steed's in the garden For me,—for me.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. iii. 319 Female wardens made a fit outpost for this palace of many women.

†3. The person invested with the control of the person and lands of an orphan heir during his minority; also, in wider sense, one who has the charge and oversight of young persons: = guardian n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person

wardenc1290

tutora1387

curate1463

curator1471

guardiana1535

guardianer1595

pro-tutor1664

legal guardian1720

guardy1833

conservator1853

caregiver1966

primary caregiver1972

c1290 Beket 269 in S.E. Leg. 114 In his warde he let do his eldeste sone sire henri..Þat he were is wardein and al is ordeinour.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6418 Þo bed he þe court segge soþ..wan edmond made is eir of is lond wiþoute striue, & wan of is ȝonge sones wardein ek ydo.

c1305 St. Kenelm 105 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 50 Þis ȝunge child a maister hadde: þat his wardeyn was.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1104 [The emperor] made william here wardeyn as he wel miȝt, to gye & to gouerne þe gay yong kniȝtes.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 753 Thus here wardeynys wolde they disceyue.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 85 [Ancus] made hym wardeyn of his heyres.

1543 tr. Act 3 Edw. I c. 21 The wardeyns shall kepe and susteyne the landes without makynge dystruction of any thynge.

1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) 97 b Wardeine most properly is he that hath the wardship or keeping of an heire, & of lande holden by knightes seruice, or of one of them to his owne vse during y^e nonage of the heire, [etc.].

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 811 The Warden, or Guardian of the Land of such Heir, who shall be under Age.

a. A regent or viceroy appointed to rule a country in the king's absence or minority. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun]

wardena1400

regentc1425

defensor1426

protector1426

interking1533

interrex1579

interregent1600

regency1643

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4651 Al þat barunage,..To þis ioseph an ath þai suare, Til him als wardan for to tent.

?a1400 Morte Arthur 650 I make the kepare..of kyngrykes manye, Wardayne wyrchipfulle, to weilde al my landes.

c1420 Wyntoun Cron. cxxxii. 2175 Throu Schir Andro Murrayis renovne, Quhen he wes wardane of Scotland.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 33 The tane the steward walter was, The tothir Iames of dowglas, Vardanis [1489 Adv. Wardanys] in his absens maid he.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 768 Thai chesd Wallace Scottis wardand to be.

1509 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 262/2 Ony proclamatioun..made generaly be the king or his wardanis anent the intercommonyn and sitting apoun the Inglismenis assouerans.

1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 27 Edward..the eldest sonne of king Edward [II] in the..absence of his Father..was made Lord Warden of England, by a common decree.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 134 Vicegerents... Sometimes they are called Lord Warden, or Lord Keeper of the Kingdome, and have therewith the generall power of a King.

1878 J. Davidson Inverurie ii. 69 Randolph, Earl of Moray, who was Warden of Scotland in the minority of David, having died in 1331.

1912 E. Russell Maitland of Lethington i. 33 The finesse with which Maitland contrived to get the necessary co-operation of Bothwell, the Scottish Warden.

†b. The governor of a town, province or district; the commander of a fortress. Obsolete exc. Historical in the title Warden of the Marches.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun]

grievec950

warden1297

presidenta1382

procuratora1382

governora1393

seneschalc1400

lieutenant1423

promissary?c1500

governator1522

provincial1590

ethnarch1602

state governor1608

proconsul1650

stadholder1704

superintendent1758

meridarch1866

prez.1919

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > commander of fortress or garrison

warden1297

alcaydec1503

governor1523

burgrave1551

stadholdera1626

Town Major1646

commandant1687

dizdar1768

killadar1778

kaïd1816

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] > military governor > of a fort

warden1297

killadar1778

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2078 Þritti þousend kniȝtes hor wardeins hii sette & delde among hom al þe lond.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 72 To London com William,..His barons with him nam, knyghtes þat wer bold. Wardeyns of tour & toun.

a1352 L. Minot Poems viii. 83 He was wardaine of þe toune.

c1400 Brut ccviii. 237 Kyng Edward..sent maistre Walter of Stapleton, his Tresorer, forto bene wardein and keper of þe citee of London wiþ þe Mair.

c1450 Brut ccxl. 346 Þe King..made hym warden and gouernour of þe cite.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. viii. 44 And sire Brastias was maade wardeyn to wayte vpon the northe fro Trent forwardes.

1517 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 123 The vordan of the Myddil Marche.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1568) 2 Pretor of the Rhodian Armies, and also wardein in other frontiers.

1563 in Rymer Fœdera (1719) XV. 631 Schir Johne Maxwell of Terreglie Knycht Wardane of the West Mercheis of Scotland.

1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 480 The notable feature of these proceedings [Nov. 1248] is that in them there is no mention of a Warden of the Marches.

1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 493 The little Duke of York..Warden-general of the Marches.

5. In certain guilds, esp. in the Livery Companies of the City of London: A member of the governing body under the authority of the Master or the Prime Warden (the title varies in different companies).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > guild of medieval origin > a member > official

steward10..

aldermanc1316

dean of guild1389

master1389

skevin1389

warden1389

searcher1417

quartermaster1556

grand master1615

jurat1714

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > livery company > member > official

warden1389

1261 in Liber Custum. (Rolls) 79 Les Wardeyns [of the Lorimers] le moustrent au Meire qe donqe serra.]

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Þe forsaide bretherhede wil þæt þer be wardeins þerof.

1454 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 283 The wardyns of the Trinite Yelde.

1547 in Rymer Fœdera (1719) XV. 134 The Maisters Wardeyns Governours Rulers and Overseers of all and singuler the Hospitals Guylders Fraternyties and Houses for poor People.

1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 §1 The Mayster Wardens and Assistauntes of the Trinytie House of Deptforde Stronde.

1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xiii. sig. E He..shall first giue notice to the said Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers.

a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) iv. iii. 57 Next year wee will haue him warden Of our societie.

1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lvii. 573 The inscription about what the Master and Wardens of the Worshipful Company did in one thousand six hundred and ninety-four.

1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) vii. 84 Interest with the Prime Warden, Master, or Clerk of a Company might possibly procure an invitation to one of these [banquets].

†6.

a. The person having the direction or oversight of some work or enterprise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer

overseera1382

warden1398

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

seer1498

supravisor1573

superviser1616

curator1632

curate1648

overvisor1653

surviewer1783

major-domo1835

boss boy1906

monitor1922

incharge1956

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xii. v Ȝif hem lakkeþ honye to eete þanne þe warden schalle feede hem [sc. the bees] with figes and oþur swete mete leste þey schulde deye.

c1400 Gamelyn 279 Tho that wardeynes were of that wrasteling Come and broughte Gamelyn the ram and the ring.

1423 Rolls of Parl. IV. 255/1 The serche of the wardens of Brauderie.

1543 tr. Act 18 Hen. VI c. 16 A warden of the aulnage of cloth.

1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 132 Robert Trunkewell Joyner being theyre warden and setting owte y^re woorkes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. vii. 167 Pythagoras, a great maister and warden of these exercises.

b. Freemasonry. Either of two officers (called Senior Warden and Junior Warden) in a symbolic lodge whose duty it is to assist the Worshipful Master.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > member > type of member or official

fellow-craft1696

master mason1696

grand master1722

master1722

wardena1723

pass-master1762

mark (master) mason1769

superexcellent1796

markman1853

Templar1859

a1723 C. Wren Parentalia (1750) 307 A Surveyor govern'd in chief; every tenth Man was called a Warden, and over~looked each nine.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 622/1 The king [Hen. VII] presided as grand-master; and having appointed John Islip, abbot of Westminster, and Sir Reginald Bray, knight of the garter, his wardens for the occasion, proceeded in great state to..Westminster Abbey.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 623/2 On the 27th of December 1663, a general assembly was held, where Henry Jennyn earl of St. Alban's was elected grand-master; who appointed Sir John Denham his deputy, and Mr. Christopher Wren..and John Webb, his wardens.

a. The superintendent of a harbour, market, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden

custosc1450

guardian1495

subwarden1506

vice-warden1536

warden1538

custode1543

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Limenarcha, the wardeyn of the portes.

1543 tr. Act 9 Edw. III Stat. ii. c. 7 That the tables of exchange shalbe at Douer,..And that the wardeyns of suche tables shall make suche exchaunges by the testymony of controllers whiche we shall put to them.

1543 tr. Act 5 Rich. II c. 2 Any serchours or wardeyn of the portes and passages through the sayd realme.

1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1895) II. 245 To the burgh balyff of Skipton and the warden of the market ther.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. ii. 1043 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 133 [Officers of Sandwich corporation] Wardens of the Flesh Market 2, Wardens of the Fish Market 2.

b. Forming the second element in the designation of certain officials, as barrack-warden, flesh-warden. fire-warden U.S.: see fire warden n. at fire n. and int. Compounds 2a. fish-warden: see fish n.¹ Compounds 2b. game warden: see game n. Compounds 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > gamekeeping > [noun] > gamekeeper

warrener1297

ranger1327

walker1482

underkeeper1502

browser1538

tineman1577

waterkeeper1590

gamekeeper1645

rider1647

preserver1749

garde champêtre1814

field ranger1835

warden1835

velveteens1857

keeper1863

game warden1876

pisteur1936

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > official

fish-warden1826

warden1835

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2295 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 [Officers of Ipswich corporation] Two Fleshwardens. Ale Conner.

1894 Daily News 7 Feb. 6/4 The duties hitherto carried out by barrack-masters are in future to be performed by pensioned non-commissioned officers of the army, who, on appointment, will be termed ‘barrack wardens’.

c. An air-raid warden.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > others concerned with military affairs > [noun] > air-raid warden, fire-watcher, etc.

fire-watcher1830

street warden1835

air warden1933

air raid warden1936

warden1936

paraspotter1940

roof-spotter1940

roof-watcher1940

1936 Times 11 July 16/4 (heading) An organization of ‘air raid wardens’ to give immediate information and to help in dealing with fires caused by incendiary bombs.

1937 Lancet 13 Mar. 669/2 The wardens would probably also be used in connexion with the distribution of civilian respirators.

1951 N. Marsh Opening Night vi. 139 ‘Anyone here done respiration for gassed cases?’.. ‘I can,’ said the A.S.M. ‘I was a warden.’

1978 E. Malpass Wind brings up Rain xxvi. 232 A tin-hatted Air Raid Warden was hurrying along the street... The Warden hurried on.

†8.

a. A custodian of a building, esp. a temple or church. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian > custodian of building

wardenc1290

sextonc1503

concierge1646

custodian1781

c1290 Brendan 626 in S.E. Leg. 237 In þe Abbeye of seint paterich, Monek ich was, i-wis And of is churche a wardein.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1566 Of þe cherche þe wardeynys alle were waked oute of here slepe.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 265/1 A wardeyn of the hows of god.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xxii. 141 The good Herald..is a Warden of the temple of Honour.

†b. The dean of a cathedral or collegiate church, or of a royal chapel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > council > chapter > member of chapter > [noun] > head

provostOE

deanc1330

warden1429

decan1432

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346 John Arundell, Dean or Wardein of the Chapelle Roiall of Seint George,..Windsor.

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346 The saide Wardein is named and wretyn Dean; also..Wardeins therof have usually be called Deans.

1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 121 b Al..wardens of cathedrall and collegiate Churches.

a. = churchwarden n. 1. There are regularly two, the rector's (or vicar's) warden and the parish (or people's) warden.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun]

reeveeOE

kirkmaster1429

church reeve1433

warden1439

kirkreeve1442

churchwarden1443

churchman1457

churchmaster1484

churchward1496

kirkwarden1500

herenach1607

chapelwarden1688

kirkward1883

1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 114 The wardeyns of Seynt Austyns chirch.

1461 Rolls of Parl. V. 475/1 Late Wardeyns of the goodes of the seid Chirch.

1547 King Edward VI Iniunccions §13 b ij b The Wardeynes of euery paryshe churche or Chapel.

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall Ded. sig. A3^v I will present you at the law day for a ryot, though I be neither side man for this Meridian, nor Warden.

1853 J. B. Marsden Hist. Early Puritans (ed. 2) 105 The minister and wardens undertook to go from house to house to take the names of the communicants.

1914 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 352 Rival candidates for the office of the people's warden.

b. transferred. Applied to an official with similar functions of a Jewish synagogue.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] > Jewish

warden1879

1879 F. Hitchman Public Life Beaconsfield I. i. 15 The quarrel with the Wardens of the Synagogue was a more serious matter.

1910 W. F. Monypenny & G. E. Buckle Life Disraeli I. iii. 22 In 1813 he was for some pedantic reason elected Parnass or Warden of the Congregation of Bevis Marks.

10. In the titles of officers holding positions of trust under the Crown.

†a. Warden of the Forest: see quot. 1706. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > forester > officer in charge of forest

woodwardc1050

forester1297

ranger1327

walker1482

keeper1488

wood-master15..

grazierc1503

wood-reeve1579

woodman1594

Warden of the Forest1598

rider1647

conservator1733

woodwarden1748

wood-forester1865

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > forest or park officials

forester1297

ranger1327

paler1464

paleman1503

bow-bearera1552

palester1574

agistor1594

Warden of the Forest1598

gist-taker1626

rider1647

agister1677

gavellerc1692

field ranger1835

1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest viii. f. 43 Hereupon the Lord chiefe Iustice of the Forrest..will cause a writ of Ad quod dampnum to be directed to the chiefe warden of the Forrest.

c1600 Rolls of Parl. II. 376/2 Wardens of Forrests shall be commanded to keep their Officers from extorting.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Keeper of the Forest Chief Warden of the Forest, is he that has the principal Government of all things belonging to the Forest, and the Check of all the other Officers.

1797 H. Rooke Descr. Great Oak Salcey Forest 5 The Forest is under the Government of the following Officers:—A Warden, or Master Forester,..Lieut. or Deputy Warden [etc.].

b. (Lord) Warden of the Cinque Ports: see Cinque Ports n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > local or district governor > [noun] > wardens of Cinque Ports

Five Ports1422

(Lord) Warden of the Cinque Ports1435

1435 Rolls of Parl. IV. 489/2 Constable of the Castell of Dovorr, and Wardeyn of fyve Portz.

1544 in R. Sanderson Rymer's Fœdera (1719) XV. 55 The Lorde Warden of the Fyve Ports.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 138 William the Norman Conquerour..instituted a Warden of the five Ports, Hastings, Dover, Hith, Rumney and Sandwiche.

1643 Proc. Late Treaty of Peace 56 Such a Noble Person as your Majesty shall appoint to be Warden of the Cinque-Ports.

1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 46 The Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports is to be saluted by the forts within his jurisdiction with the number of guns specified.

figurative (allusively).1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. A^v Supposing Ibis their trustie warden, had beene closing The lands strong Ports.1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. A2 Make not your wil warden of your Cinque Ports [i.e. the five senses].

c. Warden of the Mint: until 1823 the title of the chief officer of the Mint.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > coiner > officers of the mint

Master of the Coin1423

Master of the Mint1423

Warden of the Mint1463

Usher of the Coins, Change, or Exchange1485

melter1511

mint master1528

Surveyor of the Melting (also Meltings)1556

clerk of the irons1566

master-worker1622

1463 Irish Act 3 Edw. IV c. 32 We..have Ordeyned and made..Germyn lynche..Wardeyne and Maister worker of oure moneis and coignes.

1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 220 The generall, wardane, countare wardane, sinkare and assayare,..of his Majesteis cunyiehous.

1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 41 The Warden [of the mint]..is by his Office to receive the Silver from the Goldsmiths.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2368/4 Owen wynne Esq; Warden of the Mint.

d. (Lord) Warden of the Stannaries: an officer appointed by the Duke of Cornwall to preside over the mining parliaments of Cornwall.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court > specific

(Lord) Warden of the Stannaries1485

feudary1495

vice-warden1536

Master of the Wards (and Liveries)1561

feudatary1607

Steward of the High Peak1653

1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 382/1 The Office of Wardeyn of the Stannaries in the said Countie of Devynshire.

1761 Brit. Mag. 2 10 He served the king in the different offices of lord warden of the Stannaries, lord admiral of England and Ireland.

1812 Morning Chron. in Examiner 28 Sept. 623/1 The new Lord Warden [of the Stannaries] has not been idle.

1814 T. Moore Hor. Ode ii. xi. 19 Then, why, my Lord Warden! oh! why should you fidget Your mind about matters you don't understand?

1896 Law Times 101 534/2 By the Judicature Acts the jurisdiction of the Lord Warden was transferred to the Court of Appeal.

†e. In the titles of various offices of the royal household or the courts of law. (Mainly as the rendering of Anglo-Norman gardein.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > specific title of

yeoman1345

warden1543

1543 tr. Act 51 Hen. III Stat. Excheq. The wardeyne of the kynges wardrobe.

1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 Warden of the rolles of his chauncerie.

1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 The..warden of his armour in the towre of London.

1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 In thoffice of his priue seale, clerke or warden of his hamper of his sayde chauncery.

1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 The..warden of the kynges wryttes..of his common benche.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 9 The clarke which shalbe warden or keper of the privy seale.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 18 The kinge shal have a squier surveiour and warden of the viandes for his mouth.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 39 And a serjant herberjour, warden of the kinges palfreis.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. iii. 320 These were key-bearers, treasurers, wardens of the armoury, the napery, and the stores.]

†f. Warden of the Standards: an officer of the Board of Trade having the custody of the standards of weight and measure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > regulation by a standard > one who

assizer1728

Warden of the Standards1878

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden > of standards of weight and measure

Warden of the Standards1878

1878 Act 41 & 42 Vict. c. 49 §1.

11.

a. The title given to the head or presiding officer of certain colleges and schools, hospitals, etc.Usually = Latin custos.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who presides > over an institution or society

governora1325

principalc1325

master1389

warden1575

president1664

prime minister1694

premier1784

1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 6 §1 No Provoste Warden or other Hed Officer of the saide Colledges of Winchester or Eaton.

1587 Lady F. Cobham in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 193 Warden of Al Soules Colledge.

1632 S. Marmion Hollands Leaguer i. ii. B 4 b I'll..talke as superciliously, and walke As stately, as the Warden of a colledge.

1763 Brit. Mag. 4 612 Dr. Golding, Warden of Winchester College.

1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 305 St Thomas's hospital [Northampton]..Originally it maintained twelve poor people... It is governed by a warden, who is one of the aldermen.

1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 988 An hospital or alms-house..founded in 1272..for maintaining a warden, six chaplains, and thirteen poor husbandmen of Buchan.

1855 A. Trollope Warden i. 3 John Hiram..also appointed that an alms-house should be built for their abode, with a fitting residence for a warden.

1908 Act 8 Edward VII c. 20 Sched. §2 From the time at which..a chancellor shall be appointed, the office of warden of the University [of Durham] shall cease.

†b. The superior of a Franciscan convent. Cf. guardian n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] > Franciscan

custodec1400

warden1420

guardian1466

custosc1525

pater-guardian1603

1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 47 Þe wardeyn and þe Couente.

1455 Linc. Diocese Docum. (1914) 76 The Wardeyn and the Covent of the gray frerys of Oxford.

1588 Exchequer Rolls Scot. XXI. 407 To Freir Charles Home, sumtym varden of the cordeleris of Drumfreis.

12. An officer to whose custody prisoners are committed; the governor of a prison, esp. in the old title Warden of the Fleet (Prison).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > official in charge of prison

wardenc1330

governor1753

housemaster1931

ham and beef1941

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > guard of place of confinement

wardenc1330

cell-keeper1841

guard1906

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13112 Þe kyng dide his prisons loke Wiþ wardeyns þat hem vndertoke.

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 3708 Þo Ascopard wiþ outen dwelling In to þat castel gan hire bring,..And half a ȝer a was hire wardaine.

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346/1 The Keper and Wardeyn of the same Prisone.

1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3986 The widdifow wairdanis tuke my geir.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13847 Thus he keppit hym full cloise, & in care held, þat no whe to hym wan but wardens full sure.

1543 tr. Act 1 Rich. II c. 12 From hensforth no wardeyn of the Flete shall suffre any prysoner there..to goo out of prysone by maynpryse, bayle, [etc.].

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. cvii. 249 He..intreated the warden to accomodate him with a lodging.

1827 Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 726 The warden shall have the entire control and management of said prison.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 325 My Lord High Constable,..Since I am to lie in ward, I could not have desired a kinder or more courteous warden.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 435 The room where you're a going to sleep to-night is the warden's room.

1889 Cent. Mag. Feb. 506/1 As we entered the main corridor [of a prison] the officer of the day sprung hastily to the door, saluted the warden [etc.].

13. A member of a committee (of two or more persons) appointed to take charge of the repair and make regulations for the use of a bridge, a highway, etc. Cf. waywarden n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > officials responsible for roads

way-serjeant1334

wayman1458

warden1486

waywarden1649

way-reeve1788

1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 13 To haue & to hold to the wardeyns of the said Brigge [sc. London Bridge].

1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 17 §1 To make an Election of Twoo persons of the same Comminaltie to be the Wardens of the saide Rochester Bridge.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxv. 550 A later reform has entrusted the care of the highways..to Boards of Wardens.

†14. At Coventry, the title of two officers, chosen annually, charged with the collection of municipal rents. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1422–1507 Cov. Leet. Bk. 22, 58, etc.

15. U.S. (and earlier in colonial use).

a. The officer who presides at ward-meetings or elections.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > election officials

scrutator1618

scrutineer1682

scrutinator1691

returning officer1728

presiding officer1745

viander1751

warden1763

poll clerk1783

canvasser1792

polling clerk1833

tally-clerk1890

1763 J. Adams Diary Feb. (1961) I. 238 The Caucas Clubb meets at certain Times... There they choose a Moderator..and select Men, Assessors, Collectors, Wardens, Fire Wards, and Representatives are Regularly chosen before they are chosen in the Town.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 678 Charleston was..divided into 13 wards, which choose as many wardens, from among whom the citizens elect an Intendant of the city. The Intendant and wardens form the city council.

1813 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 229 A general call of ward-meetings by their wardens on the same day through the State.

1822 Charter of Boston, Mass. §3 It shall be the duty of such warden to preside at all meetings of the citizens of such ward.

b. ‘In Connecticut boroughs, the chief executive officer of the municipal government; in a few Rhode Island towns, a judicial officer. In colonial times the name was sometimes used instead of fire-warden or fire-ward’ ( Cent. Dict.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Connecticut

warden1842

1842 Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 87 All persons who shall be engineers or wardens of any fire department.

16. Canadian. The head of a county council.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Canada

reeve1850

warden1873

1873 Rev. Statutes Ontario (1877) II. 1606 The Council of every County shall consist of the Reeves and Deputy Reeves of the Townships and Villages within the County..and one of the Reeves or Deputy Reeves shall be the Warden.

1886 J. G. Bourinot Local Govt. Canada 73 [In the province of Quebec] The county council is composed of the mayors of the several local municipalities of the county... The warden is chosen by the county council.

17. Australia. The government official, with magisterial powers, in charge of a goldfield.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > in Australian goldfields

warden1855

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > goldminer > official in charge of goldfield

warden1855

1855 R. Carboni Eureka Stockade 120 A Public Meeting was held... The Resident Warden in the Chair.

1860 S. Davison Discovery & Geognosy Gold Deposits Austral. xi. 332 A number of new offices had been created for the gold fields, under the name of ‘wardens’.

1861 L. A. Meredith Over the Straits iv. 141 The chief official in a digging settlement..is entitled the Warden.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

warden-angel n. rare

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > divinity, angel, or saint

avowe1297

angel1340

avowrya1387

patrona1387

avourec1450

familiar angelc1450

advocator1483

vower1488

tutelar1603

titular1621

guardian angela1631

tutelary1652

guardian1667

patron saint1703

warden-angel1845

advowee1863

1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 249 The sweet offices Of warden-angel.

C2. Also ‘of or pertaining to the warden-courts’ Warden-court n.

† warden-book n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1583 in D. H. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 584 He findand..souirties actit in the warden buikis to be answerable for all attemptatis.

† warden-clerk n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > registrar or clerk > other clerks

court-rollera1500

warden-clerk1584

Clerk of the Nichils1642

clerk of the essoins1657

Clerk of the Peace1689

1584 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 726 Robert Menteith, sumtyme his wardane clerk.

† warden-fee n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > payments for other specific services

barber feec1380

alnage1418

school fee1512

pinlocka1525

warden-fee1531

wait fee1563

fullage1611

pipe-moneya1637

marriage money1674

sharping-corn1681

spy-money1713

crimpage1732

cooperage1755

stirrup money1757

stub-money1776

membership fee1860

1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 47 Item, to the lord Huym, wardane off the eist marchis, for his wardane fee, de anno, etc. xxxj^o, j^cli.

1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 278 That the said Lord Home, wardane foirsaid, have payment of his wardane fee.

C3.

warden-raid n. a raid commanded by the Warden of the Marches in person.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. iv. 96 ‘And, by my faith,’ the gate-ward said, ‘I think 'twill prove a warden-raid.’

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	warden
释义	wardenn.¹ Brit. /ˈwɔːdn/, U.S. /ˈwɔrd(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English–1500s wardein, 1500s wardeine, Middle English–1500s wardeyn(e, Middle English wardain(e, wardayn(e, Middle English Scottish vardane, Middle English–1500s northern and Scottish wardan(e, Middle English werdein, werdeyn, Scottish wardand, Middle English–1500s wardyn, 1500s Scottish varden, vardan, vordan, wairdan(e, Middle English– warden. Etymology: < Old French wardein, north-eastern variant of guarden , -ene : see guardian n.The word is current as a traditional designation of office; in other uses it is poetic or archaic. In the legal uses the Anglo-Norman form is gardein, and in many of them guardian is the preferred form in English. In Anglo-Latin rendered by custos. †1. a. One who guards, protects, or defends; occasionally a guardian angel: = guardian n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender shield971 warranta1225 warden?c1225 forhillera1300 inshieldera1300 shieldera1300 weryera1325 hilera1340 witier1340 protectorc1390 guard1412 safeguardera1535 fencec1540 safekeeper1561 parens patriae1764 guardsmana1854 fortifier1878 minder1896 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian warda680 warden?c1225 watchman14.. geterc1540 guarder1542 guardant1592 vigil1648 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 232 Wat crist ure vchan. to swa gentil wardein bereð to lute menske. c1290 John 31 in S.E. Leg. 403 Þere in seint Iohanes warde is swete moder he tok,..hire wardein he was aftur also þat he to heouene i-wende. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiii. 7 Þat he be wardayn of þaim þat dredis him purly. c1400 Pylgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. vii. (1859) 6 There is none so caitif pilgrym that he ne hath assigned hym a wardeyne the hour of his byrthe. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2441 Silence of tunge is wardein of good fame. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xv. 43 O brycht Apollo..Of haly mont Soractis the wardane. †b. Astronomy. = guard n. 12. Cf. guardian n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor > guardian(s) guardian1555 warden1555 guard1574 watcher1588 watch-star1588 guard-star1690 1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 185 The starres which are cauled the wardens of the north starre. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 239^v The starre of the pole Artike, is there inuisible: But the wardens are seene sumwhat to moue about. 2. a. One who has the care of something specified; a keeper. Obsolete exc. poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 a1290 S. Eustace 230 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 216 Þe hayward nom and bleu his horn, For he wes wardein of þat corn. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 53 For Rihtfoliche Resoun schulde rulen ou alle, And kuynde wit be wardeyn oure weolþe to kepe. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 393 One of þe wardeynes þat kepte þe body of Seint Andrewe in Constantinople. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 425 Þe wardeyn [L. custos] of þe asse folowede after. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 33 Demetrius þat was wardeyn of his bookes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4691 Garners and granges fild wit sede,..In ilk sted a sere wardain. 1422 T. Hoccleve Tale Jonathas 223 Let me been of it [sc. the ring] wardeyn; ffor as my lyf, keepe it wole y certeyn. 1871 D. G. Rossetti Eden Bower in Poems xxi Of all this wealth I have made thee warden. †b. One in charge of a division of an army. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > officer of other specific ranks warden1297 constablec1300 sergeant of a band1548 gill-master1598 vinton1610 subcommander1612 exempt1700 exon1767 serrefiles1897 Queen A.T.1943 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9003 Þe king henri is ost a þre delde þere..him sulf in þe oþer was..& þanne is tueie sones were wardeins of þe þridde. c. Warden of the Peace = ‘Guardian of the Peace’: see guardian n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate Justice of the Peace1423 justice1509 conservator of the peacea1513 Warden of the Peace1543 Guardian of the Peace1581 mittimus1630 magistrate1727 J.P.1732 beak1799 county commissioner1809 bubble and squeak1935 1543 tr. Act 4 Edw. III c. 2 The iustices assigned..shall haue power to delyuer the same iayles of those that shalbe endited before the wardeins of the peace [Fr. les gardeins de la pees]. 1854 J. Toulmin Smith Parish ii. 38 The Sheriffs and other Wardens of the peace..are required [etc.]. d. A gatekeeper, porter, sentinel. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard warda680 wakemanc1175 wardena1250 watchc1380 watchmana1400 outwatch1488 warderc1540 sentinel1579 perdu1639 sentry1650 lookout1662 security man1662 guardman1756 excubitor1775 cockatoo1827 guardsmana1854 dog1870 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 121 He sette one wummon uorto beon ȝeteward ðet is feble wardein. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 1177 The wardeyn of þe yates gan to calle The folk, which þat with-oute the yates were, And bad hym dryuen In here bestes alle. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. xii. 314 At the threshold of the rocky door,..Fit warden of the sorcery-gate A rebel Afreet lay. 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Wardens of His Majesty's Dock-Yards, are generally old lieutenants in the royal navy, appointed..to see that no person whatever be admitted without an order from the commissioner. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. x. 357 The man was apprehended by the warden of the frontier of Jaen. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 376 I've won from the warden The key,—the key; And the steed's in the garden For me,—for me. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. iii. 319 Female wardens made a fit outpost for this palace of many women. †3. The person invested with the control of the person and lands of an orphan heir during his minority; also, in wider sense, one who has the charge and oversight of young persons: = guardian n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person wardenc1290 tutora1387 curate1463 curator1471 guardiana1535 guardianer1595 pro-tutor1664 legal guardian1720 guardy1833 conservator1853 caregiver1966 primary caregiver1972 c1290 Beket 269 in S.E. Leg. 114 In his warde he let do his eldeste sone sire henri..Þat he were is wardein and al is ordeinour. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6418 Þo bed he þe court segge soþ..wan edmond made is eir of is lond wiþoute striue, & wan of is ȝonge sones wardein ek ydo. c1305 St. Kenelm 105 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 50 Þis ȝunge child a maister hadde: þat his wardeyn was. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1104 [The emperor] made william here wardeyn as he wel miȝt, to gye & to gouerne þe gay yong kniȝtes. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 753 Thus here wardeynys wolde they disceyue. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 85 [Ancus] made hym wardeyn of his heyres. 1543 tr. Act 3 Edw. I c. 21 The wardeyns shall kepe and susteyne the landes without makynge dystruction of any thynge. 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) 97 b Wardeine most properly is he that hath the wardship or keeping of an heire, & of lande holden by knightes seruice, or of one of them to his owne vse during y^e nonage of the heire, [etc.]. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 811 The Warden, or Guardian of the Land of such Heir, who shall be under Age. 4. a. A regent or viceroy appointed to rule a country in the king's absence or minority. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun] wardena1400 regentc1425 defensor1426 protector1426 interking1533 interrex1579 interregent1600 regency1643 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4651 Al þat barunage,..To þis ioseph an ath þai suare, Til him als wardan for to tent. ?a1400 Morte Arthur 650 I make the kepare..of kyngrykes manye, Wardayne wyrchipfulle, to weilde al my landes. c1420 Wyntoun Cron. cxxxii. 2175 Throu Schir Andro Murrayis renovne, Quhen he wes wardane of Scotland. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 33 The tane the steward walter was, The tothir Iames of dowglas, Vardanis [1489 Adv. Wardanys] in his absens maid he. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 768 Thai chesd Wallace Scottis wardand to be. 1509 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 262/2 Ony proclamatioun..made generaly be the king or his wardanis anent the intercommonyn and sitting apoun the Inglismenis assouerans. 1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 27 Edward..the eldest sonne of king Edward [II] in the..absence of his Father..was made Lord Warden of England, by a common decree. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 134 Vicegerents... Sometimes they are called Lord Warden, or Lord Keeper of the Kingdome, and have therewith the generall power of a King. 1878 J. Davidson Inverurie ii. 69 Randolph, Earl of Moray, who was Warden of Scotland in the minority of David, having died in 1331. 1912 E. Russell Maitland of Lethington i. 33 The finesse with which Maitland contrived to get the necessary co-operation of Bothwell, the Scottish Warden. †b. The governor of a town, province or district; the commander of a fortress. Obsolete exc. Historical in the title Warden of the Marches. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] grievec950 warden1297 presidenta1382 procuratora1382 governora1393 seneschalc1400 lieutenant1423 promissary?c1500 governator1522 provincial1590 ethnarch1602 state governor1608 proconsul1650 stadholder1704 superintendent1758 meridarch1866 prez.1919 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > commander of fortress or garrison warden1297 alcaydec1503 governor1523 burgrave1551 stadholdera1626 Town Major1646 commandant1687 dizdar1768 killadar1778 kaïd1816 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] > military governor > of a fort warden1297 killadar1778 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2078 Þritti þousend kniȝtes hor wardeins hii sette & delde among hom al þe lond. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 72 To London com William,..His barons with him nam, knyghtes þat wer bold. Wardeyns of tour & toun. a1352 L. Minot Poems viii. 83 He was wardaine of þe toune. c1400 Brut ccviii. 237 Kyng Edward..sent maistre Walter of Stapleton, his Tresorer, forto bene wardein and keper of þe citee of London wiþ þe Mair. c1450 Brut ccxl. 346 Þe King..made hym warden and gouernour of þe cite. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. viii. 44 And sire Brastias was maade wardeyn to wayte vpon the northe fro Trent forwardes. 1517 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 123 The vordan of the Myddil Marche. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1568) 2 Pretor of the Rhodian Armies, and also wardein in other frontiers. 1563 in Rymer Fœdera (1719) XV. 631 Schir Johne Maxwell of Terreglie Knycht Wardane of the West Mercheis of Scotland. 1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 480 The notable feature of these proceedings [Nov. 1248] is that in them there is no mention of a Warden of the Marches. 1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 493 The little Duke of York..Warden-general of the Marches. 5. In certain guilds, esp. in the Livery Companies of the City of London: A member of the governing body under the authority of the Master or the Prime Warden (the title varies in different companies). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > guild of medieval origin > a member > official steward10.. aldermanc1316 dean of guild1389 master1389 skevin1389 warden1389 searcher1417 quartermaster1556 grand master1615 jurat1714 society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > livery company > member > official warden1389 1261 in Liber Custum. (Rolls) 79 Les Wardeyns [of the Lorimers] le moustrent au Meire qe donqe serra.] 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Þe forsaide bretherhede wil þæt þer be wardeins þerof. 1454 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 283 The wardyns of the Trinite Yelde. 1547 in Rymer Fœdera (1719) XV. 134 The Maisters Wardeyns Governours Rulers and Overseers of all and singuler the Hospitals Guylders Fraternyties and Houses for poor People. 1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 §1 The Mayster Wardens and Assistauntes of the Trinytie House of Deptforde Stronde. 1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xiii. sig. E He..shall first giue notice to the said Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers. a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) iv. iii. 57 Next year wee will haue him warden Of our societie. 1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lvii. 573 The inscription about what the Master and Wardens of the Worshipful Company did in one thousand six hundred and ninety-four. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) vii. 84 Interest with the Prime Warden, Master, or Clerk of a Company might possibly procure an invitation to one of these [banquets]. †6. a. The person having the direction or oversight of some work or enterprise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer overseera1382 warden1398 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 seer1498 supravisor1573 superviser1616 curator1632 curate1648 overvisor1653 surviewer1783 major-domo1835 boss boy1906 monitor1922 incharge1956 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xii. v Ȝif hem lakkeþ honye to eete þanne þe warden schalle feede hem [sc. the bees] with figes and oþur swete mete leste þey schulde deye. c1400 Gamelyn 279 Tho that wardeynes were of that wrasteling Come and broughte Gamelyn the ram and the ring. 1423 Rolls of Parl. IV. 255/1 The serche of the wardens of Brauderie. 1543 tr. Act 18 Hen. VI c. 16 A warden of the aulnage of cloth. 1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 132 Robert Trunkewell Joyner being theyre warden and setting owte y^re woorkes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. vii. 167 Pythagoras, a great maister and warden of these exercises. b. Freemasonry. Either of two officers (called Senior Warden and Junior Warden) in a symbolic lodge whose duty it is to assist the Worshipful Master. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > member > type of member or official fellow-craft1696 master mason1696 grand master1722 master1722 wardena1723 pass-master1762 mark (master) mason1769 superexcellent1796 markman1853 Templar1859 a1723 C. Wren Parentalia (1750) 307 A Surveyor govern'd in chief; every tenth Man was called a Warden, and over~looked each nine. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 622/1 The king [Hen. VII] presided as grand-master; and having appointed John Islip, abbot of Westminster, and Sir Reginald Bray, knight of the garter, his wardens for the occasion, proceeded in great state to..Westminster Abbey. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 623/2 On the 27th of December 1663, a general assembly was held, where Henry Jennyn earl of St. Alban's was elected grand-master; who appointed Sir John Denham his deputy, and Mr. Christopher Wren..and John Webb, his wardens. 7. a. The superintendent of a harbour, market, or the like. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden custosc1450 guardian1495 subwarden1506 vice-warden1536 warden1538 custode1543 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Limenarcha, the wardeyn of the portes. 1543 tr. Act 9 Edw. III Stat. ii. c. 7 That the tables of exchange shalbe at Douer,..And that the wardeyns of suche tables shall make suche exchaunges by the testymony of controllers whiche we shall put to them. 1543 tr. Act 5 Rich. II c. 2 Any serchours or wardeyn of the portes and passages through the sayd realme. 1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1895) II. 245 To the burgh balyff of Skipton and the warden of the market ther. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. ii. 1043 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 133 [Officers of Sandwich corporation] Wardens of the Flesh Market 2, Wardens of the Fish Market 2. b. Forming the second element in the designation of certain officials, as barrack-warden, flesh-warden. fire-warden U.S.: see fire warden n. at fire n. and int. Compounds 2a. fish-warden: see fish n.¹ Compounds 2b. game warden: see game n. Compounds 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > gamekeeping > [noun] > gamekeeper warrener1297 ranger1327 walker1482 underkeeper1502 browser1538 tineman1577 waterkeeper1590 gamekeeper1645 rider1647 preserver1749 garde champêtre1814 field ranger1835 warden1835 velveteens1857 keeper1863 game warden1876 pisteur1936 the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > official fish-warden1826 warden1835 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2295 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 [Officers of Ipswich corporation] Two Fleshwardens. Ale Conner. 1894 Daily News 7 Feb. 6/4 The duties hitherto carried out by barrack-masters are in future to be performed by pensioned non-commissioned officers of the army, who, on appointment, will be termed ‘barrack wardens’. c. An air-raid warden. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > others concerned with military affairs > [noun] > air-raid warden, fire-watcher, etc. fire-watcher1830 street warden1835 air warden1933 air raid warden1936 warden1936 paraspotter1940 roof-spotter1940 roof-watcher1940 1936 Times 11 July 16/4 (heading) An organization of ‘air raid wardens’ to give immediate information and to help in dealing with fires caused by incendiary bombs. 1937 Lancet 13 Mar. 669/2 The wardens would probably also be used in connexion with the distribution of civilian respirators. 1951 N. Marsh Opening Night vi. 139 ‘Anyone here done respiration for gassed cases?’.. ‘I can,’ said the A.S.M. ‘I was a warden.’ 1978 E. Malpass Wind brings up Rain xxvi. 232 A tin-hatted Air Raid Warden was hurrying along the street... The Warden hurried on. †8. a. A custodian of a building, esp. a temple or church. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian > custodian of building wardenc1290 sextonc1503 concierge1646 custodian1781 c1290 Brendan 626 in S.E. Leg. 237 In þe Abbeye of seint paterich, Monek ich was, i-wis And of is churche a wardein. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1566 Of þe cherche þe wardeynys alle were waked oute of here slepe. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 265/1 A wardeyn of the hows of god. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xxii. 141 The good Herald..is a Warden of the temple of Honour. †b. The dean of a cathedral or collegiate church, or of a royal chapel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > council > chapter > member of chapter > [noun] > head provostOE deanc1330 warden1429 decan1432 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346 John Arundell, Dean or Wardein of the Chapelle Roiall of Seint George,..Windsor. 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346 The saide Wardein is named and wretyn Dean; also..Wardeins therof have usually be called Deans. 1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 121 b Al..wardens of cathedrall and collegiate Churches. 9. a. = churchwarden n. 1. There are regularly two, the rector's (or vicar's) warden and the parish (or people's) warden. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] reeveeOE kirkmaster1429 church reeve1433 warden1439 kirkreeve1442 churchwarden1443 churchman1457 churchmaster1484 churchward1496 kirkwarden1500 herenach1607 chapelwarden1688 kirkward1883 1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 114 The wardeyns of Seynt Austyns chirch. 1461 Rolls of Parl. V. 475/1 Late Wardeyns of the goodes of the seid Chirch. 1547 King Edward VI Iniunccions §13 b ij b The Wardeynes of euery paryshe churche or Chapel. 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall Ded. sig. A3^v I will present you at the law day for a ryot, though I be neither side man for this Meridian, nor Warden. 1853 J. B. Marsden Hist. Early Puritans (ed. 2) 105 The minister and wardens undertook to go from house to house to take the names of the communicants. 1914 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 352 Rival candidates for the office of the people's warden. b. transferred. Applied to an official with similar functions of a Jewish synagogue. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] > Jewish warden1879 1879 F. Hitchman Public Life Beaconsfield I. i. 15 The quarrel with the Wardens of the Synagogue was a more serious matter. 1910 W. F. Monypenny & G. E. Buckle Life Disraeli I. iii. 22 In 1813 he was for some pedantic reason elected Parnass or Warden of the Congregation of Bevis Marks. 10. In the titles of officers holding positions of trust under the Crown. †a. Warden of the Forest: see quot. 1706. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > forester > officer in charge of forest woodwardc1050 forester1297 ranger1327 walker1482 keeper1488 wood-master15.. grazierc1503 wood-reeve1579 woodman1594 Warden of the Forest1598 rider1647 conservator1733 woodwarden1748 wood-forester1865 society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > forest or park officials forester1297 ranger1327 paler1464 paleman1503 bow-bearera1552 palester1574 agistor1594 Warden of the Forest1598 gist-taker1626 rider1647 agister1677 gavellerc1692 field ranger1835 1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest viii. f. 43 Hereupon the Lord chiefe Iustice of the Forrest..will cause a writ of Ad quod dampnum to be directed to the chiefe warden of the Forrest. c1600 Rolls of Parl. II. 376/2 Wardens of Forrests shall be commanded to keep their Officers from extorting. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Keeper of the Forest Chief Warden of the Forest, is he that has the principal Government of all things belonging to the Forest, and the Check of all the other Officers. 1797 H. Rooke Descr. Great Oak Salcey Forest 5 The Forest is under the Government of the following Officers:—A Warden, or Master Forester,..Lieut. or Deputy Warden [etc.]. b. (Lord) Warden of the Cinque Ports: see Cinque Ports n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > local or district governor > [noun] > wardens of Cinque Ports Five Ports1422 (Lord) Warden of the Cinque Ports1435 1435 Rolls of Parl. IV. 489/2 Constable of the Castell of Dovorr, and Wardeyn of fyve Portz. 1544 in R. Sanderson Rymer's Fœdera (1719) XV. 55 The Lorde Warden of the Fyve Ports. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 138 William the Norman Conquerour..instituted a Warden of the five Ports, Hastings, Dover, Hith, Rumney and Sandwiche. 1643 Proc. Late Treaty of Peace 56 Such a Noble Person as your Majesty shall appoint to be Warden of the Cinque-Ports. 1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 46 The Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports is to be saluted by the forts within his jurisdiction with the number of guns specified. figurative (allusively).1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. A^v Supposing Ibis their trustie warden, had beene closing The lands strong Ports.1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. A2 Make not your wil warden of your Cinque Ports [i.e. the five senses]. c. Warden of the Mint: until 1823 the title of the chief officer of the Mint. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > coiner > officers of the mint Master of the Coin1423 Master of the Mint1423 Warden of the Mint1463 Usher of the Coins, Change, or Exchange1485 melter1511 mint master1528 Surveyor of the Melting (also Meltings)1556 clerk of the irons1566 master-worker1622 1463 Irish Act 3 Edw. IV c. 32 We..have Ordeyned and made..Germyn lynche..Wardeyne and Maister worker of oure moneis and coignes. 1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 220 The generall, wardane, countare wardane, sinkare and assayare,..of his Majesteis cunyiehous. 1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 41 The Warden [of the mint]..is by his Office to receive the Silver from the Goldsmiths. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2368/4 Owen wynne Esq; Warden of the Mint. d. (Lord) Warden of the Stannaries: an officer appointed by the Duke of Cornwall to preside over the mining parliaments of Cornwall. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court > specific (Lord) Warden of the Stannaries1485 feudary1495 vice-warden1536 Master of the Wards (and Liveries)1561 feudatary1607 Steward of the High Peak1653 1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 382/1 The Office of Wardeyn of the Stannaries in the said Countie of Devynshire. 1761 Brit. Mag. 2 10 He served the king in the different offices of lord warden of the Stannaries, lord admiral of England and Ireland. 1812 Morning Chron. in Examiner 28 Sept. 623/1 The new Lord Warden [of the Stannaries] has not been idle. 1814 T. Moore Hor. Ode ii. xi. 19 Then, why, my Lord Warden! oh! why should you fidget Your mind about matters you don't understand? 1896 Law Times 101 534/2 By the Judicature Acts the jurisdiction of the Lord Warden was transferred to the Court of Appeal. †e. In the titles of various offices of the royal household or the courts of law. (Mainly as the rendering of Anglo-Norman gardein.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > specific title of yeoman1345 warden1543 1543 tr. Act 51 Hen. III Stat. Excheq. The wardeyne of the kynges wardrobe. 1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 Warden of the rolles of his chauncerie. 1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 The..warden of his armour in the towre of London. 1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 In thoffice of his priue seale, clerke or warden of his hamper of his sayde chauncery. 1543 tr. Act 1 Edw. IV c. 1 The..warden of the kynges wryttes..of his common benche. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 9 The clarke which shalbe warden or keper of the privy seale. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 18 The kinge shal have a squier surveiour and warden of the viandes for his mouth. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 39 And a serjant herberjour, warden of the kinges palfreis. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. iii. 320 These were key-bearers, treasurers, wardens of the armoury, the napery, and the stores.] †f. Warden of the Standards: an officer of the Board of Trade having the custody of the standards of weight and measure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > regulation by a standard > one who assizer1728 Warden of the Standards1878 society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden > of standards of weight and measure Warden of the Standards1878 1878 Act 41 & 42 Vict. c. 49 §1. 11. a. The title given to the head or presiding officer of certain colleges and schools, hospitals, etc.Usually = Latin custos. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who presides > over an institution or society governora1325 principalc1325 master1389 warden1575 president1664 prime minister1694 premier1784 1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 6 §1 No Provoste Warden or other Hed Officer of the saide Colledges of Winchester or Eaton. 1587 Lady F. Cobham in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 193 Warden of Al Soules Colledge. 1632 S. Marmion Hollands Leaguer i. ii. B 4 b I'll..talke as superciliously, and walke As stately, as the Warden of a colledge. 1763 Brit. Mag. 4 612 Dr. Golding, Warden of Winchester College. 1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 305 St Thomas's hospital [Northampton]..Originally it maintained twelve poor people... It is governed by a warden, who is one of the aldermen. 1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 988 An hospital or alms-house..founded in 1272..for maintaining a warden, six chaplains, and thirteen poor husbandmen of Buchan. 1855 A. Trollope Warden i. 3 John Hiram..also appointed that an alms-house should be built for their abode, with a fitting residence for a warden. 1908 Act 8 Edward VII c. 20 Sched. §2 From the time at which..a chancellor shall be appointed, the office of warden of the University [of Durham] shall cease. †b. The superior of a Franciscan convent. Cf. guardian n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] > Franciscan custodec1400 warden1420 guardian1466 custosc1525 pater-guardian1603 1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 47 Þe wardeyn and þe Couente. 1455 Linc. Diocese Docum. (1914) 76 The Wardeyn and the Covent of the gray frerys of Oxford. 1588 Exchequer Rolls Scot. XXI. 407 To Freir Charles Home, sumtym varden of the cordeleris of Drumfreis. 12. An officer to whose custody prisoners are committed; the governor of a prison, esp. in the old title Warden of the Fleet (Prison). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > official in charge of prison wardenc1330 governor1753 housemaster1931 ham and beef1941 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > guard of place of confinement wardenc1330 cell-keeper1841 guard1906 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13112 Þe kyng dide his prisons loke Wiþ wardeyns þat hem vndertoke. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 3708 Þo Ascopard wiþ outen dwelling In to þat castel gan hire bring,..And half a ȝer a was hire wardaine. 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 346/1 The Keper and Wardeyn of the same Prisone. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3986 The widdifow wairdanis tuke my geir. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13847 Thus he keppit hym full cloise, & in care held, þat no whe to hym wan but wardens full sure. 1543 tr. Act 1 Rich. II c. 12 From hensforth no wardeyn of the Flete shall suffre any prysoner there..to goo out of prysone by maynpryse, bayle, [etc.]. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. cvii. 249 He..intreated the warden to accomodate him with a lodging. 1827 Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 726 The warden shall have the entire control and management of said prison. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 325 My Lord High Constable,..Since I am to lie in ward, I could not have desired a kinder or more courteous warden. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 435 The room where you're a going to sleep to-night is the warden's room. 1889 Cent. Mag. Feb. 506/1 As we entered the main corridor [of a prison] the officer of the day sprung hastily to the door, saluted the warden [etc.]. 13. A member of a committee (of two or more persons) appointed to take charge of the repair and make regulations for the use of a bridge, a highway, etc. Cf. waywarden n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > officials responsible for roads way-serjeant1334 wayman1458 warden1486 waywarden1649 way-reeve1788 1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 13 To haue & to hold to the wardeyns of the said Brigge [sc. London Bridge]. 1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 17 §1 To make an Election of Twoo persons of the same Comminaltie to be the Wardens of the saide Rochester Bridge. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxv. 550 A later reform has entrusted the care of the highways..to Boards of Wardens. †14. At Coventry, the title of two officers, chosen annually, charged with the collection of municipal rents. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1422–1507 Cov. Leet. Bk. 22, 58, etc. 15. U.S. (and earlier in colonial use). a. The officer who presides at ward-meetings or elections. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > election officials scrutator1618 scrutineer1682 scrutinator1691 returning officer1728 presiding officer1745 viander1751 warden1763 poll clerk1783 canvasser1792 polling clerk1833 tally-clerk1890 1763 J. Adams Diary Feb. (1961) I. 238 The Caucas Clubb meets at certain Times... There they choose a Moderator..and select Men, Assessors, Collectors, Wardens, Fire Wards, and Representatives are Regularly chosen before they are chosen in the Town. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 678 Charleston was..divided into 13 wards, which choose as many wardens, from among whom the citizens elect an Intendant of the city. The Intendant and wardens form the city council. 1813 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 229 A general call of ward-meetings by their wardens on the same day through the State. 1822 Charter of Boston, Mass. §3 It shall be the duty of such warden to preside at all meetings of the citizens of such ward. b. ‘In Connecticut boroughs, the chief executive officer of the municipal government; in a few Rhode Island towns, a judicial officer. In colonial times the name was sometimes used instead of fire-warden or fire-ward’ ( Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Connecticut warden1842 1842 Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 87 All persons who shall be engineers or wardens of any fire department. 16. Canadian. The head of a county council. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Canada reeve1850 warden1873 1873 Rev. Statutes Ontario (1877) II. 1606 The Council of every County shall consist of the Reeves and Deputy Reeves of the Townships and Villages within the County..and one of the Reeves or Deputy Reeves shall be the Warden. 1886 J. G. Bourinot Local Govt. Canada 73 [In the province of Quebec] The county council is composed of the mayors of the several local municipalities of the county... The warden is chosen by the county council. 17. Australia. The government official, with magisterial powers, in charge of a goldfield. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > in Australian goldfields warden1855 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > goldminer > official in charge of goldfield warden1855 1855 R. Carboni Eureka Stockade 120 A Public Meeting was held... The Resident Warden in the Chair. 1860 S. Davison Discovery & Geognosy Gold Deposits Austral. xi. 332 A number of new offices had been created for the gold fields, under the name of ‘wardens’. 1861 L. A. Meredith Over the Straits iv. 141 The chief official in a digging settlement..is entitled the Warden. Compounds C1. General attributive. warden-angel n. rare ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > divinity, angel, or saint avowe1297 angel1340 avowrya1387 patrona1387 avourec1450 familiar angelc1450 advocator1483 vower1488 tutelar1603 titular1621 guardian angela1631 tutelary1652 guardian1667 patron saint1703 warden-angel1845 advowee1863 1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 249 The sweet offices Of warden-angel. C2. Also ‘of or pertaining to the warden-courts’ Warden-court n. † warden-book n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1583 in D. H. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 584 He findand..souirties actit in the warden buikis to be answerable for all attemptatis. † warden-clerk n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > registrar or clerk > other clerks court-rollera1500 warden-clerk1584 Clerk of the Nichils1642 clerk of the essoins1657 Clerk of the Peace1689 1584 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 726 Robert Menteith, sumtyme his wardane clerk. † warden-fee n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > payments for other specific services barber feec1380 alnage1418 school fee1512 pinlocka1525 warden-fee1531 wait fee1563 fullage1611 pipe-moneya1637 marriage money1674 sharping-corn1681 spy-money1713 crimpage1732 cooperage1755 stirrup money1757 stub-money1776 membership fee1860 1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 47 Item, to the lord Huym, wardane off the eist marchis, for his wardane fee, de anno, etc. xxxj^o, j^cli. 1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 278 That the said Lord Home, wardane foirsaid, have payment of his wardane fee. C3. warden-raid n. a raid commanded by the Warden of the Marches in person.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. iv. 96 ‘And, by my faith,’ the gate-ward said, ‘I think 'twill prove a warden-raid.’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). wardenn.² Brit. /ˈwɔːdn/, U.S. /ˈwɔrd(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English wardun, wardone, wardoun, wardane, Middle English–1500s wardyn (1500s -in), Middle English–1600s wardon, 1500s wardayne, wardeine, wardeyne, Middle English– warden. Etymology: Of obscure origin. Perhaps < Anglo-Norman wardon < warder* = French garder to keep. Palsgrave 1530 renders wardon by poire de garde (= keeping pear). As the arms of Wardon or Warden Abbey (Beds.) were ‘Argent, three warden pears or’, it has been conjectured that the pear derived its name from the abbey. There can be little doubt, however, that the arms were devised with punning intention. An old variety of baking pear. Also pear warden (see pear n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > warden warden-pear138. wardena1400 pearmaina1425 pear wardena1450 palm-pear1655 French warden1664 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > warden warden-pear138. wardena1400 pearmaina1425 pear wardena1450 palm-pear1655 French warden1664 a1400 Pistill of Susan 99 With wardons winlich and walshe notes newe. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 15 The frutis wiche more comon be, Quenyngez, pechis, costardes, etiam wardons. 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 464 My Lord paid to a woman that browght wardones xij.d. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiii^v After saynt Valentynes day it is tyme to graffe bothe peeres and wardens. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxvii. sig. L.iv Vse to eate stued or baken wardens yf they can be goten. 1615 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Cupids Revenge ii. sig. E1^v I would haue had him rosted like a warden in a browne paper, and no more talke ont. a1651 E. Grey True Gentlewomans Delight (1653) sig. D10^v To make a Tart of Wardens. You must first Bake your Wardens in a pot. 1687 C. Sedley Bellamira iii. i. 24 She looks like a Warden Roasted in the Embers. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 56 Pears..Perkinson Wardens. 1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees vii. 93 Pears..Spanish Red Warden. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 170 Black Worcester (Parkinson's Warden; Pound Pear). Compounds General attributive. warden-pear n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > warden warden-pear138. wardena1400 pearmaina1425 pear wardena1450 palm-pear1655 French warden1664 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > warden warden-pear138. wardena1400 pearmaina1425 pear wardena1450 palm-pear1655 French warden1664 138. Anc. Deed A. 9011 (P.R.O.) Wardon peryz. 1613 G. Markham Eng. Husbandman: 1st Pt. ii. i. 36 Your stone-Peare, Warden-Peare, and choake-Peare [are] those which indure longest. warden-pie n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > fruit pie vaunt1508 warden-pie1579 apple pie1589 gooseberry-pie1747 plum pie1747 huckleberry pie1751 apple dowdy1823 cobbler1859 lemon pie1909 lemon meringue1914 1579 in J. G. Nichols Narr. Reformation (1859) (Camden) 34 He sayd his stomache was gonne from all meate excepte it wer a warden pye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 44 I must haue Saffron to colour the Warden Pies . View more context for this quotation 1842 R. H. Barham Nell Cook!! in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 126 And a Warden-pie's a dainty dish to mortify withal. warden-tree n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > pear-tree perryOE pear tree1230 pearc1390 perer?a1425 warden-tree?1523 orchard pear tree1562 pyrus1567 willow-leaved pear1820 nashi1892 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 629/7 Wardentre, uolemus. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiii^v The sappe cometh soner..into the peer tre and warden tre: than into the apple tre. 1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore iii. iii. 94 Sure your wife is slipt vp, and the 4th man I hold my life, is grafting your Warden tree. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). wardenv. Brit. /ˈwɔːdn/, U.S. /ˈwɔrd(ə)n/ Etymology: < warden n.¹ transitive. To watch over or guard as a warden; spec. to watch over or patrol (a nature reserve, etc.) by or as a warden; also intransitive, to act as a wildlife warden. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard over [verb (transitive)] hold971 witec1000 ward?a1035 looklOE bewakec1175 getec1175 wakec1175 i-witea1240 forelook1340 watch?a1400 to watch over——1526 award?c1550 guard1582 to wait over ——1659 shepherd1885 watchdog1902 warden1910 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard [verb (intransitive)] > act as a wildlife warden warden1971 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard over [verb (transitive)] > watch over or patrol as warden warden1974 1910 T. Hardy Dynasts (rev. ed.) ii. i. vi. 165 To warden the waves was his further bent. 1971 Times 7 May 17/7 Having wardened at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserve at Loch Garten, may I enlarge upon the letter from M. S. M. Burns? 1974 Oxf. Times 4 Jan. 7/6 It would be wardened and visited regularly to prevent vandalism and litter. 1977 Birds Spring 40 Philip Coxon has wardened the RSPB Balranald reserve for the last four summers. 1982 Lakeland Echo 18 Mar. 5 The eyres are well wardened against egg collectors. 1984 Nat. World Summer 14/1 Several orchids on a number of sites were wardened, efforts being concentrated on lizard, early spider, military and monkey orchids. Derivatives ˈwardened adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [adjective] > guarded > by a warden wardened1980 1980 Birds Autumn p. v/1 Although the most obviously efficient form of protection is to establish adequately wardened reserves, this is not possible in many cases. ˈwardening n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] holda1100 witiing13.. keepinga1425 ampare1587 guard1596 warding1633 advigilation1663 watch-care1845 wardening1962 watchdogging1962 1962 Listener 1 Mar. 375/2 There is as yet no system of wardening for the valleys... Wardening is limited by statute to places where the Board has access-agreements or owns property. 1971 Guardian Weekly 3 July 15 The wardening of Exmoor, for example, with its wide acres of moorland under rising pressure of visitors, is described as rudimentary. 1980 R. Mabey Common Ground i. 32 A wardening system was established for the more vulnerable eyries. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹?c1225n.²138.v.1910
随便看	fullcell fullcell process fullcentred fullcharge fullcharged fullcheeked fullchested fullcock fullcocked fullcolour fullcome fullcontact fullcourt fullcourt press fullcrammed fullcream fullcropped fulldigested fulldistended fulldo fulldrawn fulldress rehearsal fulldressed fulldriven fulleared

wardenn.1

Compounds

wardenn.2

Compounds

wardenv.

Derivatives

wardenn.¹

wardenn.²