wallahn.

Brit.

/ˈwɒlə/, U.S.

/ˈwɑlə/

Forms: 1700s–1800s wollah, 1700s– walla, 1700s– wallah, 1800s– wala, 1900s– waller (rare).

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi -vālā.

Etymology: < Hindi -vālā, suffix forming adjectives and nouns from nouns, expressing possession or belonging more generally, ultimately < Sanskrit pālaka protector < pāla , in the same sense (see Dharmapala n.) + -ka, derivative suffix.As a Hindi suffix -vālā has a similar function and semantic range to -er suffix¹ in English and is used e.g. to denote a person who uses or is associated with a particular object (e.g. Hindi ḍīṅgī-vālā boatman, roṭīvālā bread-maker, baker) and a person who originates from a particular place (e.g. Dillīvālā inhabitant of Delhi). Since many of the noun formations denote people, these are often interpreted as compounds in which the second element is a noun with the sense ‘man, person’ (both in Hindi and in English); this was then borrowed into English both as a second element forming new compounds (see e.g. sense 1a) and subsequently also as a simplex noun (see sense 1b). In English, nouns with this element are found from the 18th cent. Some of these are direct borrowings < formations in Hindi and related languages (e.g., at various times, lootie-wallah n., topi-wallah n., pani-wallah n.). Compounds formed in English also often have a first element of Indian origin; of these, some reflect an Indian-language model that is different in form (see e.g. Agrawallah in quot. 1776 at sense 2, after Hindi Āgrevālā), while others appear to be fully independent, with no known Indian-language equivalent. In some cases, these types of formation can be difficult to distinguish from direct borrowings.

Originally Anglo-Indian. Now somewhat dated except in sense 2 and in certain fixed compounds.

1. Frequently in South Asian contexts, but also in more general use.

a. As the second element in compounds: a person who is connected or associated with the object, activity, business, etc., indicated by the first element (chiefly with reference to occupations or employment); esp. a person who sells or supplies a specified commodity or provides a specified service, as in rickshaw-wallah, tiffin-wallah, etc.box wallah, punkah-wallah, taxi wallah, etc.: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies x. 251 Each hackrey too has its driver..who takes care of the oxen, and is called the hackrey-wallah.

1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 20/2 There was a shoe-wallah and a hat-wallah.

1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping (1899) xvi. 195 ‘The Inseparables’..came in to superintend his toilet, accompanied by a ready-made clothes wallah and a barber.

1909 A. L. Mumm Five Months in Himalaya xv. 209 One other faithful companion of most of our travels, Seban Sing, usually known, from one of his many functions, as the tiffin-wallah, but best remembered by me as the bringer of the early morning cup of tea.

1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine iii. 144 The rickshaw-wallah ran away with us, his sandals padding.

1955 Times 15 June 3/5 Thousands of the lorries were being worked for 12, 14, 16, and 18 hours a night, with tragic results. The term used on the roads to describe these drivers was ‘night-and-day wallahs’.

2015 V. Khan Unexpected Inheritance Inspector Chopra 131 A handcart-wallah selling lime water rattled by.

b. Without modifier. A person who does a job or provides a service of the sort denoted by compounds in sense 1a; esp. a person who provides or transports a commodity. In early use frequently applied to a servant or subordinate providing a service of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > Indian

peon1609

wallah1782

maty1810

pattawalla1857

chokra1875

1782 6th Rep. Comm. Secrecy Causes War Carnatic App. No. 310 There are Men who have come from Poona, who may be called Wallahs, but they are all the Rajah's Servants.

1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 20/2 Wallahs with green cocoa-nuts, plantains, watermelons, and parrots.

1878 W. L. Rees Sir Gilbert Leigh ii. i. 159 Have you talked with the wallahs and servants?

1998 S. Alter All Way to Heaven 53 The only woman among all of the wallahs, she carried her wares on her back.

2013 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 20 Sept. 32 Each basket of coal will fetch 50 cents for the pickers when sold on to the wallahs—men, women and children who balance 150kg-450kg of coal on their bicycle frames.

2. Chiefly Indian English. As the second element in compounds denoting a person originating from or residing in the place specified in the first element.

ΚΠ

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 25/1 They were both Agra Walla's..by Agra, I mean the place he came from.

1853 W. D. Arnold Oakfield I. 66 ‘Were you ever in the Lakes?’ ‘No, I'm a Suffolk walla.’

1869 B. Chunder Trav. Hindoo I. viii. 433 The up-country wallahs are all prejudiced against stream-water.

1899 Navy & Army Illustr. 17 June 297/1 The contrast..between them [sc. troops who have spent summer in the hills] and those who have spent the summer under the swing of the punkah is most marked—the ‘hill-wallah’ so fresh and rosy-looking, the ‘plain-wallah’ so jaded and pale.

1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy i. xx. 102 But soon you'll be a real Calcutta wallah and know all the tricks.

2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 421 A Bombay-wallah will do without functioning appliances or running water, he will do without good roads, but he won't do without style, shaan.

3. colloquial. A person or (occasionally) thing considered in terms of a particular characteristic or association, esp. when viewed as a member of a group who have that element in common. Sometimes used somewhat dismissively with the implication that the person concerned is one of many insignificant or subordinate people; cf. sense 1b. Chiefly with preceding modifying word.base wallah, competition wallah, ground wallah, staff wallah: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1785 in W. S. Seton-Karr & H. D. Sandeman Select. Calcutta Gaz. (1864) I. 93 A band of good Patriot-wallahs.

1877 Sleepy Sketches 26 All down the middle ground are anchored..the big and small sailing-vessels that have come out through the Canal—‘Canal wallahs’,—or round the Cape.

1917 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 299/1 Now, those fellows..those big-ship wallahs—they're only just beginning to take Us seriously.

1940 E. Pound Cantos LII–LXXI lx. 90 The European church wallahs wonder if this can be reconciled.

1982 B. Trapido Brother of More Famous Jack xxxvi. 124 I thought briefly of Roger who, being a music wallah, had always made a thing of St. Cecilia's Day.

2008 Private Eye 8 Aug. 4/1 The Telegraph wallahs had to hastily fill the half-page gap with a left-over feature about the joys of Southwold.

4. colloquial.

†a. Anglo-Indian. A member of the Indian Civil Service appointed by passing a competitive examination; short for competition wallah n. Sometimes with dismissive or disparaging overtones; cf. sense 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > [noun] > routine administrative

wallah1863

1863 G. O. Trevelyan Lett. from Competition Wallah i, in Macmillan's Mag. May 83/1 Stories against the Competition Wallahs..are told... For instance: Story showing the Pride of Wallahs.—A Wallah, being invited to dinner by a member of Council, went out before the whole company.

1872 ‘Aliph Cheem’ Lays of Ind (1876) 142 Each unemployed wallah so surely applies To be kindly allowed in that Station to stay, Doing his nothing, and drawing his pay.

1878 A. L. M. Phillips Anecd. & Reminisc. Service in Bengal xviii. 185 It is my opinion..that in ability, application, and industry, the wallahs, especially the younger members of the service, are superior to the Haileybury men.

1895 A. McMillan Divers Ditties 8 There seems beside my couch to stand..A Wallah, son of Scotia's land.

b. Chiefly Australian and New Zealand. An official or functionary, esp. in an administration, government, or bureaucracy. Frequently with dismissive or disparaging overtones. Cf. sense 4a.Most commonly attested in areas formerly under British colonial rule.

ΚΠ

1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman 32 There's no end to what you wallahs in the administration would do to show your damned official broadmindedness.

1974 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 7 June 7/3 Some wallahs in Canberra are sitting in air-conditioned offices telling us what has been flooded and what hasn't.

2012 A. Bollard Rough Mechanical (electronic ed.) v I might get out though. Get into government somewhere. Put some backbone into those lazy wallahs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	wallah
释义	wallahn. Brit. /ˈwɒlə/, U.S. /ˈwɑlə/ Forms: 1700s–1800s wollah, 1700s– walla, 1700s– wallah, 1800s– wala, 1900s– waller (rare). Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi -vālā. Etymology: < Hindi -vālā, suffix forming adjectives and nouns from nouns, expressing possession or belonging more generally, ultimately < Sanskrit pālaka protector < pāla , in the same sense (see Dharmapala n.) + -ka, derivative suffix.As a Hindi suffix -vālā has a similar function and semantic range to -er suffix¹ in English and is used e.g. to denote a person who uses or is associated with a particular object (e.g. Hindi ḍīṅgī-vālā boatman, roṭīvālā bread-maker, baker) and a person who originates from a particular place (e.g. Dillīvālā inhabitant of Delhi). Since many of the noun formations denote people, these are often interpreted as compounds in which the second element is a noun with the sense ‘man, person’ (both in Hindi and in English); this was then borrowed into English both as a second element forming new compounds (see e.g. sense 1a) and subsequently also as a simplex noun (see sense 1b). In English, nouns with this element are found from the 18th cent. Some of these are direct borrowings < formations in Hindi and related languages (e.g., at various times, lootie-wallah n., topi-wallah n., pani-wallah n.). Compounds formed in English also often have a first element of Indian origin; of these, some reflect an Indian-language model that is different in form (see e.g. Agrawallah in quot. 1776 at sense 2, after Hindi Āgrevālā), while others appear to be fully independent, with no known Indian-language equivalent. In some cases, these types of formation can be difficult to distinguish from direct borrowings. Originally Anglo-Indian. Now somewhat dated except in sense 2 and in certain fixed compounds. 1. Frequently in South Asian contexts, but also in more general use. a. As the second element in compounds: a person who is connected or associated with the object, activity, business, etc., indicated by the first element (chiefly with reference to occupations or employment); esp. a person who sells or supplies a specified commodity or provides a specified service, as in rickshaw-wallah, tiffin-wallah, etc.box wallah, punkah-wallah, taxi wallah, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies x. 251 Each hackrey too has its driver..who takes care of the oxen, and is called the hackrey-wallah. 1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 20/2 There was a shoe-wallah and a hat-wallah. 1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping (1899) xvi. 195 ‘The Inseparables’..came in to superintend his toilet, accompanied by a ready-made clothes wallah and a barber. 1909 A. L. Mumm Five Months in Himalaya xv. 209 One other faithful companion of most of our travels, Seban Sing, usually known, from one of his many functions, as the tiffin-wallah, but best remembered by me as the bringer of the early morning cup of tea. 1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine iii. 144 The rickshaw-wallah ran away with us, his sandals padding. 1955 Times 15 June 3/5 Thousands of the lorries were being worked for 12, 14, 16, and 18 hours a night, with tragic results. The term used on the roads to describe these drivers was ‘night-and-day wallahs’. 2015 V. Khan Unexpected Inheritance Inspector Chopra 131 A handcart-wallah selling lime water rattled by. b. Without modifier. A person who does a job or provides a service of the sort denoted by compounds in sense 1a; esp. a person who provides or transports a commodity. In early use frequently applied to a servant or subordinate providing a service of this kind. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > Indian peon1609 wallah1782 maty1810 pattawalla1857 chokra1875 1782 6th Rep. Comm. Secrecy Causes War Carnatic App. No. 310 There are Men who have come from Poona, who may be called Wallahs, but they are all the Rajah's Servants. 1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 20/2 Wallahs with green cocoa-nuts, plantains, watermelons, and parrots. 1878 W. L. Rees Sir Gilbert Leigh ii. i. 159 Have you talked with the wallahs and servants? 1998 S. Alter All Way to Heaven 53 The only woman among all of the wallahs, she carried her wares on her back. 2013 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 20 Sept. 32 Each basket of coal will fetch 50 cents for the pickers when sold on to the wallahs—men, women and children who balance 150kg-450kg of coal on their bicycle frames. 2. Chiefly Indian English. As the second element in compounds denoting a person originating from or residing in the place specified in the first element. ΚΠ 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 25/1 They were both Agra Walla's..by Agra, I mean the place he came from. 1853 W. D. Arnold Oakfield I. 66 ‘Were you ever in the Lakes?’ ‘No, I'm a Suffolk walla.’ 1869 B. Chunder Trav. Hindoo I. viii. 433 The up-country wallahs are all prejudiced against stream-water. 1899 Navy & Army Illustr. 17 June 297/1 The contrast..between them [sc. troops who have spent summer in the hills] and those who have spent the summer under the swing of the punkah is most marked—the ‘hill-wallah’ so fresh and rosy-looking, the ‘plain-wallah’ so jaded and pale. 1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy i. xx. 102 But soon you'll be a real Calcutta wallah and know all the tricks. 2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 421 A Bombay-wallah will do without functioning appliances or running water, he will do without good roads, but he won't do without style, shaan. 3. colloquial. A person or (occasionally) thing considered in terms of a particular characteristic or association, esp. when viewed as a member of a group who have that element in common. Sometimes used somewhat dismissively with the implication that the person concerned is one of many insignificant or subordinate people; cf. sense 1b. Chiefly with preceding modifying word.base wallah, competition wallah, ground wallah, staff wallah: see the first element. ΚΠ 1785 in W. S. Seton-Karr & H. D. Sandeman Select. Calcutta Gaz. (1864) I. 93 A band of good Patriot-wallahs. 1877 Sleepy Sketches 26 All down the middle ground are anchored..the big and small sailing-vessels that have come out through the Canal—‘Canal wallahs’,—or round the Cape. 1917 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 299/1 Now, those fellows..those big-ship wallahs—they're only just beginning to take Us seriously. 1940 E. Pound Cantos LII–LXXI lx. 90 The European church wallahs wonder if this can be reconciled. 1982 B. Trapido Brother of More Famous Jack xxxvi. 124 I thought briefly of Roger who, being a music wallah, had always made a thing of St. Cecilia's Day. 2008 Private Eye 8 Aug. 4/1 The Telegraph wallahs had to hastily fill the half-page gap with a left-over feature about the joys of Southwold. 4. colloquial. †a. Anglo-Indian. A member of the Indian Civil Service appointed by passing a competitive examination; short for competition wallah n. Sometimes with dismissive or disparaging overtones; cf. sense 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > [noun] > routine administrative wallah1863 1863 G. O. Trevelyan Lett. from Competition Wallah i, in Macmillan's Mag. May 83/1 Stories against the Competition Wallahs..are told... For instance: Story showing the Pride of Wallahs.—A Wallah, being invited to dinner by a member of Council, went out before the whole company. 1872 ‘Aliph Cheem’ Lays of Ind (1876) 142 Each unemployed wallah so surely applies To be kindly allowed in that Station to stay, Doing his nothing, and drawing his pay. 1878 A. L. M. Phillips Anecd. & Reminisc. Service in Bengal xviii. 185 It is my opinion..that in ability, application, and industry, the wallahs, especially the younger members of the service, are superior to the Haileybury men. 1895 A. McMillan Divers Ditties 8 There seems beside my couch to stand..A Wallah, son of Scotia's land. b. Chiefly Australian and New Zealand. An official or functionary, esp. in an administration, government, or bureaucracy. Frequently with dismissive or disparaging overtones. Cf. sense 4a.Most commonly attested in areas formerly under British colonial rule. ΚΠ 1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman 32 There's no end to what you wallahs in the administration would do to show your damned official broadmindedness. 1974 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 7 June 7/3 Some wallahs in Canberra are sitting in air-conditioned offices telling us what has been flooded and what hasn't. 2012 A. Bollard Rough Mechanical (electronic ed.) v I might get out though. Get into government somewhere. Put some backbone into those lazy wallahs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1757
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