wealdn.

Brit.

/wiːld/, U.S.

/wild/

Forms: Old English weald, Middle English, 1500s welde, Middle English weeld, Middle English–1500s, 1700s weld; 1500s–1800s wild(e, wyld(e, 1600s wile; 1500s weylde, 1500s–1600s weild(e, 1600s wield, 1500s– weald.

Etymology: Old English weald ‘forest’ (the West Saxon equivalent of Anglian wald : see wold n.), normally developing into southern Middle English wēld(e , weeld ; the modern spelling, which is due to Lambarde, is a re-adoption of the Old English form. The form wild(e , which occurs early in the 16th cent., is probably parallel to Kentish and Sussex dialect fild for field , but in later use was apparently assimilated in pronunciation to the more intelligible wild n., which had an appropriately descriptive meaning. The Old English weald is applied in the Chronicle (see below) to the forest of Andred, which included at least part of the present ‘Weald’.

1. (Now usually with capital initial.) The name of the tract of country, formerly wooded, including the portions of Sussex, Kent, and Surrey which lie between the North and South Downs. Chiefly with the.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England

wealdOE

Oxon.c1439

the Stannaries1455

Midland1555

Home Counties1695

Islandshire1705

lakes1774

file1775

potteries1795

the Shires1796

Tyneside1824

lakeland1829

Lake District1835

lake country1842

Wessex1868

Shakespeare country1900

Geordieland1901

cherry country1902

(a)

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 893 Se [Limene] muþa is on easteweardre Cent, æt þæs miclan wuda eastende þe we Andred hatað;..seo ea..lið ut of þæm wealda; on þa ea hi tugon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald.

1018 Charter of Cnut (Ord. Surv. Facs. III. No. xxxix) Quoddam siluulae nemus concedo famosa in silua Andredeswealde.]

c1290 St. Kenelm 52 in S. Eng. Leg. 346 Sethþe hadde þe kyng of westsex southsex also, Þe welde and al þe bischopriche of Cicestre þerto.

1357 Patent Roll, 31 Edward III 7 July (P.R.O.: C 66/252) m. 17 Homines ville de Cranebrok & aliarum villarum & locorum infra la Welde in comitatu Kancie.]

?1473 W. Caxton in tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. Pref. lf. 1^v I..was born & lerned myn englissh in kente in the weeld where I doubte not is spoken as brode and rude englissh as in ony place of englond.

1483 Duke of Norfolk in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 443 The Kentysshmen be vp in the Weld, and sey they wol com and robbe the cite.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 6 The hundred of Cranebroke, in the wilde of your county of Kent.

1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 17 §11 Townes parishes or places..within the weldes of the counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex.

1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 15 §2 The Weilde of Kent.

1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 15 §2 In the Weylde of the Countye of Surreye.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 23 I was borne in the wilde of Kent.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. i. 55 Ther's a Frankelin in the wilde of Kent hath brought three hundred Markes.

1618 M. Dalton Countrey Justice 55 In the High-wayes within the Wields of Sussex, Surrey, or Kent.

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell v. 61 The Wiles of Kent.

1662 Act 14 Chas. II c. 6 §17 Any Owner Farmer or Lessee of any Iron worke..within the Wildes of the Counties of Surrey Sussex or Kent.

1697 D. Defoe Ess. Projects 109 That unpassable County of Sussex, which especially in some parts in the Wild, as they very properly call it,..hardly admits the Countrey People to Travel to Markets in Winter, [etc.].

1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Newdigate, (Surry) The Wyld hereabouts is observed to bear excellent oats.

1801 W. Huntington God Guardian of Poor 66 Being a native of the Wild of Kent, which is none of the most polite parts of the world.

(b)1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 167 Nowe then we are come to the Weald of Kent, which (after the common opinion of men of our time) is conteined within very streight and narrowe limits, notwithstanding that in times paste, it was reputed of suche exceeding bignesse, that it was thought to extende into Sussex, Surrey, and Hamshyre.1625 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent 1 The Weald of Kent is the lower part of that Shire, lying on the South side thereof, and adioyneth to the Weald of Sussex, towards the West.1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 190 The right hand stations occupy..the heights which extend across the Wealds.1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales 144 The Weald. This district may be generally described as stretching along the coast of the channel from Folkstone to Beachy Head, and thence extending westwards into the interior as far as the confines of Sussex and Hampshire.1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 213 There is a great deal of valuable timber and coppice wood in Surrey, particularly in the weald... Turnpike roads good; but cross-roads, particularly in the weald, very indifferent.1863 J. F. W. Herschel Familiar Lect. Sci. Subj. i. §4 What has become of all that great bed of chalk which once covered all the weald of Kent?1903 R. Kipling Sussex in Five Nations 24 And through the gaps revealed Belt upon belt, the wooded, dim Blue goodness of the Weald.

2. A wooded district or an open country; a wold. Now only poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain

fieldeOE

wong971

field landOE

woldc1220

flat1296

plainc1325

field placec1384

champaign?a1400

floor?a1400

smeethc1440

plain-land1487

weald1544

champian1589

camp1605

level1623

campaign1628

planure1632

campania1663

esplanade1681

flatland1735

vlakte1785

steppe1837

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land

wold786

frith?826

woodland869

woodc897

rough1332

foresta1375

firth?a1400

weald1544

bocage1644

parkland1649

bush1780

sylvanry1821

forestry1823

belting1844

rukh1856

treescape1885

bush1912

1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr I. Oldecastell 47 Manye fledde..into the welde of Scotlande, Walys, and Irelande.

1603 S. Daniel Epist. to C'tess Cumberland 8 What a faire seate hath he, from whence he may The boundlesse wastes, & weilds of man suruay.

1851 G. Meredith Sunrise 18 in Poet. Wks. (1912) 78 Glimmering fields, And wakening wealds.

1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 83 Forest and upland frith, and the wide weald Hercynian, where the demon shadow stalks.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 231 But she to Almesbury Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, chiefly ‘of or pertaining to the Weald’.

weald clay n. the upper stratum of the Wealden formation immediately above the ‘Hastings sand’; also plural with reference to the various subdivisions of this stratum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific

gault1575

weald clay1822

Wealden1828

Neocomian1845

Washita1860

Albian1863

Fairlight clays1874

Maastrichtian1931

1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales 145 A second valley..occupied by the argillaceous beds which we have called the Weald clay.

1878 Chamb. Encycl. X. 114 The Hastings beds contain more sandstone and less clay than those of the upper Weald Clays.

weald denudation n.

ΚΠ

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex Advt. p. vi The space thus comprised, has otherwise, in geological language, got the name of the ‘Weald Denudation’.

weald formation n.

ΚΠ

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 40 Weald Formation, or Wealden.

weald saurian n. = hylaeosaurus n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > extinct reptiles and dinosaurs > [noun] > Sauria > hylaeosaurus

Wealden lizard1828

hylaeosaurus1833

weald saurian1869

1869 J. Timbs Ancestral Stories 164 The forest or Weald Saurian (Hylæosaurus).

wealdsman n. an inhabitant of the Weald.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of England > south of England > Sussex

Downsman1863

wealdsman1928

1928 Daily Tel. 29 May 8/5 The flares signalled her triumph to the wealdsmen of Sussex.

weald valley n.

ΚΠ

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 54 Although any considerable segment of the circle of the weald valley may be taken as a specimen of the whole.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	weald
释义	wealdn. Brit. /wiːld/, U.S. /wild/ Forms: Old English weald, Middle English, 1500s welde, Middle English weeld, Middle English–1500s, 1700s weld; 1500s–1800s wild(e, wyld(e, 1600s wile; 1500s weylde, 1500s–1600s weild(e, 1600s wield, 1500s– weald. Etymology: Old English weald ‘forest’ (the West Saxon equivalent of Anglian wald : see wold n.), normally developing into southern Middle English wēld(e , weeld ; the modern spelling, which is due to Lambarde, is a re-adoption of the Old English form. The form wild(e , which occurs early in the 16th cent., is probably parallel to Kentish and Sussex dialect fild for field , but in later use was apparently assimilated in pronunciation to the more intelligible wild n., which had an appropriately descriptive meaning. The Old English weald is applied in the Chronicle (see below) to the forest of Andred, which included at least part of the present ‘Weald’. 1. (Now usually with capital initial.) The name of the tract of country, formerly wooded, including the portions of Sussex, Kent, and Surrey which lie between the North and South Downs. Chiefly with the. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England wealdOE Oxon.c1439 the Stannaries1455 Midland1555 Home Counties1695 Islandshire1705 lakes1774 file1775 potteries1795 the Shires1796 Tyneside1824 lakeland1829 Lake District1835 lake country1842 Wessex1868 Shakespeare country1900 Geordieland1901 cherry country1902 (a) OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 893 Se [Limene] muþa is on easteweardre Cent, æt þæs miclan wuda eastende þe we Andred hatað;..seo ea..lið ut of þæm wealda; on þa ea hi tugon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald. 1018 Charter of Cnut (Ord. Surv. Facs. III. No. xxxix) Quoddam siluulae nemus concedo famosa in silua Andredeswealde.] c1290 St. Kenelm 52 in S. Eng. Leg. 346 Sethþe hadde þe kyng of westsex southsex also, Þe welde and al þe bischopriche of Cicestre þerto. 1357 Patent Roll, 31 Edward III 7 July (P.R.O.: C 66/252) m. 17 Homines ville de Cranebrok & aliarum villarum & locorum infra la Welde in comitatu Kancie.] ?1473 W. Caxton in tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. Pref. lf. 1^v I..was born & lerned myn englissh in kente in the weeld where I doubte not is spoken as brode and rude englissh as in ony place of englond. 1483 Duke of Norfolk in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 443 The Kentysshmen be vp in the Weld, and sey they wol com and robbe the cite. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 6 The hundred of Cranebroke, in the wilde of your county of Kent. 1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 17 §11 Townes parishes or places..within the weldes of the counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex. 1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 15 §2 The Weilde of Kent. 1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 15 §2 In the Weylde of the Countye of Surreye. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 23 I was borne in the wilde of Kent. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. i. 55 Ther's a Frankelin in the wilde of Kent hath brought three hundred Markes. View more context for this quotation 1618 M. Dalton Countrey Justice 55 In the High-wayes within the Wields of Sussex, Surrey, or Kent. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell v. 61 The Wiles of Kent. 1662 Act 14 Chas. II c. 6 §17 Any Owner Farmer or Lessee of any Iron worke..within the Wildes of the Counties of Surrey Sussex or Kent. 1697 D. Defoe Ess. Projects 109 That unpassable County of Sussex, which especially in some parts in the Wild, as they very properly call it,..hardly admits the Countrey People to Travel to Markets in Winter, [etc.]. 1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Newdigate, (Surry) The Wyld hereabouts is observed to bear excellent oats. 1801 W. Huntington God Guardian of Poor 66 Being a native of the Wild of Kent, which is none of the most polite parts of the world. (b)1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 167 Nowe then we are come to the Weald of Kent, which (after the common opinion of men of our time) is conteined within very streight and narrowe limits, notwithstanding that in times paste, it was reputed of suche exceeding bignesse, that it was thought to extende into Sussex, Surrey, and Hamshyre.1625 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent 1 The Weald of Kent is the lower part of that Shire, lying on the South side thereof, and adioyneth to the Weald of Sussex, towards the West.1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 190 The right hand stations occupy..the heights which extend across the Wealds.1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales 144 The Weald. This district may be generally described as stretching along the coast of the channel from Folkstone to Beachy Head, and thence extending westwards into the interior as far as the confines of Sussex and Hampshire.1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 213 There is a great deal of valuable timber and coppice wood in Surrey, particularly in the weald... Turnpike roads good; but cross-roads, particularly in the weald, very indifferent.1863 J. F. W. Herschel Familiar Lect. Sci. Subj. i. §4 What has become of all that great bed of chalk which once covered all the weald of Kent?1903 R. Kipling Sussex in Five Nations 24 And through the gaps revealed Belt upon belt, the wooded, dim Blue goodness of the Weald. 2. A wooded district or an open country; a wold. Now only poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain fieldeOE wong971 field landOE woldc1220 flat1296 plainc1325 field placec1384 champaign?a1400 floor?a1400 smeethc1440 plain-land1487 weald1544 champian1589 camp1605 level1623 campaign1628 planure1632 campania1663 esplanade1681 flatland1735 vlakte1785 steppe1837 the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land wold786 frith?826 woodland869 woodc897 rough1332 foresta1375 firth?a1400 weald1544 bocage1644 parkland1649 bush1780 sylvanry1821 forestry1823 belting1844 rukh1856 treescape1885 bush1912 1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr I. Oldecastell 47 Manye fledde..into the welde of Scotlande, Walys, and Irelande. 1603 S. Daniel Epist. to C'tess Cumberland 8 What a faire seate hath he, from whence he may The boundlesse wastes, & weilds of man suruay. 1851 G. Meredith Sunrise 18 in Poet. Wks. (1912) 78 Glimmering fields, And wakening wealds. 1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 83 Forest and upland frith, and the wide weald Hercynian, where the demon shadow stalks. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 231 But she to Almesbury Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, chiefly ‘of or pertaining to the Weald’. weald clay n. the upper stratum of the Wealden formation immediately above the ‘Hastings sand’; also plural with reference to the various subdivisions of this stratum. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific gault1575 weald clay1822 Wealden1828 Neocomian1845 Washita1860 Albian1863 Fairlight clays1874 Maastrichtian1931 1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales 145 A second valley..occupied by the argillaceous beds which we have called the Weald clay. 1878 Chamb. Encycl. X. 114 The Hastings beds contain more sandstone and less clay than those of the upper Weald Clays. weald denudation n. ΚΠ 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex Advt. p. vi The space thus comprised, has otherwise, in geological language, got the name of the ‘Weald Denudation’. weald formation n. ΚΠ 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 40 Weald Formation, or Wealden. weald saurian n. = hylaeosaurus n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > extinct reptiles and dinosaurs > [noun] > Sauria > hylaeosaurus Wealden lizard1828 hylaeosaurus1833 weald saurian1869 1869 J. Timbs Ancestral Stories 164 The forest or Weald Saurian (Hylæosaurus). wealdsman n. an inhabitant of the Weald. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of England > south of England > Sussex Downsman1863 wealdsman1928 1928 Daily Tel. 29 May 8/5 The flares signalled her triumph to the wealdsmen of Sussex. weald valley n. ΚΠ 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 54 Although any considerable segment of the circle of the weald valley may be taken as a specimen of the whole. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.OE
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