Wealdenadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈwiːld(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈwildən/

Etymology: < weald n. + -en suffix⁴. The suffix is here employed arbitrarily in a sense remote from its ordinary use. As the formation of the word was apparently suggested by the adjectives in -en, it may be presumed that the inventor regarded the adjectival use as primary, and the substantival use as elliptical for ‘wealden formation’; but Martin's own use of the term affords no evidence of this.

A. adj.

1. Of or pertaining to the geological formation known as the Wealden (see B.). Wealden lizard = hylaeosaurus n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > extinct reptiles and dinosaurs > [noun] > Sauria > hylaeosaurus

Wealden lizard1828

hylaeosaurus1833

weald saurian1869

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific

Wealden1828

Speeton1829

Neocomian1843

Albian1846

Senonian1850

Urgonian1856

Santonian1869

Maastrichtian1885

Valanginian1885

Vectian1885

Barremian1903

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 42 This bed of wealden sand.

1829 W. Buckland in Trans. Geol. Soc. (1835) 2nd Ser. III. 425 On the discovery of Fossil Bones of the Iguanodon, in the Iron Sand of the Wealden Formation in the Isle of Wight.

1833 G. A. Mantell Geol. S.E. Eng. 181 The Wealden strata may be separated into three principal divisions; namely, the Weald clay; the Hastings beds, including the strata of Tilgate Forest; and the Ashburnham or inferior limestones and shales.

1833 G. A. Mantell Geol. S.E. Eng. 328 (note) The Wealden Lizard, or Fossil Lizard of Tilgate Forest.

1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) I. i. i. 65 Wealden series, a name given to a series of clays, sands, and limestones, from being well developed in the weald of Sussex, and which is remarkable for containing the remains of terrestrial, freshwater, and æstuary animals.

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 125 It [Weald Clay] was left in its native state, and formed those broad forests which once covered the Wealden area.

a. Of or pertaining to the Weald.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [adjective] > spec

Wealdish1554

Wealdy1576

Wealden1870

1870 M. A. Lower Hist. Sussex I. 137 This ancient Wealden parish is about five miles in length, [etc.].

1896 A. Austin England's Darling iv. ii And wealden wolves will batten on the rest.

1907 Sat. Rev. 14 Sept. 327/1 An epitaph in a wealden churchyard.

b. Applied to a style of timber house built in the Weald in the late medieval and Tudor periods (see quots. 1961, 1963).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [adjective] > house of specific material or construction

framed1623

black and white1656

stucco1786

unchinked1819

Wealden1956

Airey1982

1956 Archaeol. Jrnl. 112 93 In Kent the aisled hall was replaced by the type of building often called the ‘Wealden’ house, though it has a wider distribution than that.

1961 M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage i. ii. 27 The Wealden house has a central hall open to the roof with a storeyed wing at one end or both. The whole is under a continuous roof, but the storeyed wing is jettied out, to overhang the ground floor by a foot or more.

1963 S. E. Rigold in Foster & Alcock Culture & Environment xiii. 351 The characteristic hall-house of Kent and Sussex has a unitary hipped roof..covering both the hall and the two-storeyed ends... When the upper stories are jettied laterally, the façade of the hall between them is relatively recessed, and the lateral wall-plate of the jettied ends is carried right across..in front of the wall-plate of the hall... This is the so-called ‘Wealden house’.

1974 Country Life 14 Feb. 312/4 A yeoman farmer's house of the Wealden type that existed in the mid 15th century.

B. n.

Geology. The name of a formation or series of estuarine and freshwater deposits of Lower Cretaceous age, extensively developed in the Weald.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific

gault1575

weald clay1822

Wealden1828

Neocomian1845

Washita1860

Albian1863

Fairlight clays1874

Maastrichtian1931

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 9 To avoid the inconvenience of the periphrasis of weald sands and clays, it is proposed, as any compound from weald must have a Saxon termination, to call the whole formation the Wealden.

1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 48 Fossils of the Wealden. The fossil shells most frequent in this district of the weald, (and they are common to the whole Wealden,) are of the genera Vivipara, [etc.].

1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) i. 39 From the Grauwacke of the Lammermuirs, to the Wealden of Moray.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xvii. 308 Regarding the Lias, Oolite and Wealden as portions of one great system.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wealden
释义	Wealdenadj.n. Brit. /ˈwiːld(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈwildən/ Etymology: < weald n. + -en suffix⁴. The suffix is here employed arbitrarily in a sense remote from its ordinary use. As the formation of the word was apparently suggested by the adjectives in -en, it may be presumed that the inventor regarded the adjectival use as primary, and the substantival use as elliptical for ‘wealden formation’; but Martin's own use of the term affords no evidence of this. A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the geological formation known as the Wealden (see B.). Wealden lizard = hylaeosaurus n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > extinct reptiles and dinosaurs > [noun] > Sauria > hylaeosaurus Wealden lizard1828 hylaeosaurus1833 weald saurian1869 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific Wealden1828 Speeton1829 Neocomian1843 Albian1846 Senonian1850 Urgonian1856 Santonian1869 Maastrichtian1885 Valanginian1885 Vectian1885 Barremian1903 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 42 This bed of wealden sand. 1829 W. Buckland in Trans. Geol. Soc. (1835) 2nd Ser. III. 425 On the discovery of Fossil Bones of the Iguanodon, in the Iron Sand of the Wealden Formation in the Isle of Wight. 1833 G. A. Mantell Geol. S.E. Eng. 181 The Wealden strata may be separated into three principal divisions; namely, the Weald clay; the Hastings beds, including the strata of Tilgate Forest; and the Ashburnham or inferior limestones and shales. 1833 G. A. Mantell Geol. S.E. Eng. 328 (note) The Wealden Lizard, or Fossil Lizard of Tilgate Forest. 1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) I. i. i. 65 Wealden series, a name given to a series of clays, sands, and limestones, from being well developed in the weald of Sussex, and which is remarkable for containing the remains of terrestrial, freshwater, and æstuary animals. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 125 It [Weald Clay] was left in its native state, and formed those broad forests which once covered the Wealden area. 2. a. Of or pertaining to the Weald. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [adjective] > spec Wealdish1554 Wealdy1576 Wealden1870 1870 M. A. Lower Hist. Sussex I. 137 This ancient Wealden parish is about five miles in length, [etc.]. 1896 A. Austin England's Darling iv. ii And wealden wolves will batten on the rest. 1907 Sat. Rev. 14 Sept. 327/1 An epitaph in a wealden churchyard. b. Applied to a style of timber house built in the Weald in the late medieval and Tudor periods (see quots. 1961, 1963). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [adjective] > house of specific material or construction framed1623 black and white1656 stucco1786 unchinked1819 Wealden1956 Airey1982 1956 Archaeol. Jrnl. 112 93 In Kent the aisled hall was replaced by the type of building often called the ‘Wealden’ house, though it has a wider distribution than that. 1961 M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage i. ii. 27 The Wealden house has a central hall open to the roof with a storeyed wing at one end or both. The whole is under a continuous roof, but the storeyed wing is jettied out, to overhang the ground floor by a foot or more. 1963 S. E. Rigold in Foster & Alcock Culture & Environment xiii. 351 The characteristic hall-house of Kent and Sussex has a unitary hipped roof..covering both the hall and the two-storeyed ends... When the upper stories are jettied laterally, the façade of the hall between them is relatively recessed, and the lateral wall-plate of the jettied ends is carried right across..in front of the wall-plate of the hall... This is the so-called ‘Wealden house’. 1974 Country Life 14 Feb. 312/4 A yeoman farmer's house of the Wealden type that existed in the mid 15th century. B. n. Geology. The name of a formation or series of estuarine and freshwater deposits of Lower Cretaceous age, extensively developed in the Weald. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Cretaceous > specific gault1575 weald clay1822 Wealden1828 Neocomian1845 Washita1860 Albian1863 Fairlight clays1874 Maastrichtian1931 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 9 To avoid the inconvenience of the periphrasis of weald sands and clays, it is proposed, as any compound from weald must have a Saxon termination, to call the whole formation the Wealden. 1828 P. J. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 48 Fossils of the Wealden. The fossil shells most frequent in this district of the weald, (and they are common to the whole Wealden,) are of the genera Vivipara, [etc.]. 1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) i. 39 From the Grauwacke of the Lammermuirs, to the Wealden of Moray. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xvii. 308 Regarding the Lias, Oolite and Wealden as portions of one great system. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1828
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