wherebyadv.

Brit.

/wɛːˈbʌɪ/, U.S.

/(h)wɛrˈbaɪ/

Etymology: < where adv., conj., and n. Compounds 2 + by prep.

I. interrogative.

1. By, beside, or near what? in what direction?

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards what place or direction

whither971

whereOE

whereforthc1290

wheretoa1300

wherebya1450

where…to?1768

wheretill1827

which-a-way1909

a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 4 In-to þe dyche þey fallen boo, For þey ne sen whare by to go.

2. By what means? how? (by prep. 29, 30.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by what means?

wherewithc1175

howa1400

whereby1526

wherewithal1535

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 436 Wherby wote men whiche is whyte if alle þinge blake were?

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7801 Þat þai bath er slain, quar-bi Wat þou it es sua?

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxij Wherby shall I knowe this?

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Whereby wilt thou accomplish thy design?

†3. For what reason? why? (by prep. 36). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > why, wherefore, or for what reason

for whyc1000

whereofc1175

wheretoa1225

whereforec1230

whereata1325

how1340

wheretilla1400

whereupon1535

wherebya1616

whaffor1922

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2256 Wharbi seistow so so þe god help?

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xvi. 297 Be ye a knyght of Cornewaile? where by aske ye hit? said sir Tristram.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. i. 9 Clo. Thereby hangs a tayle. Boy. Whereby hangs a tayle sir?

II. relative.

4. By means of or by the agency of which; from which (as a source of information); according to which, in the matter of which, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which

wheremidc1160

wherebyc1200

wherethorough?c1225

wherewithc1230

wherewith1297

witha1300

wherethrough13..

whereof1340

withal1389

how1390

wherewithal1578

wherewithal1618

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adverb] > conformably or accordingly

thereafterc1175

likec1425

accordantlyc1443

thereby1512

pursuantly1530

agreeable1549

pursuant1659

accordingly1688

whereby1918

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 81 We wolden sen sum fortocne of þe, Warbi we mihten cnowen ȝif it soð were þat þu seist.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 573 Mete quorbi ðei migten liuen.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 40 Lyflode..Wher-of or wherfore or where-by to lybbe.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 294 A staf, wherby, he seide, he wolde That Adrian him scholde holde.

c1450 Mirk's Festial 195 Summe spyritual visyon wherby þat he myȝt haue ben confortyd yn sowle.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 234 A starre of Iacob wherby ys vnderstonde oure lorde iesu cryste.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Jer. xxxiii. 8 I will cleanse them from all their iniquitie, whereby they haue sinned against me.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 192 The absolut power, wharbe..the haill privileges of the thrie Esteates of the Realme is weakned.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. iii. §3 The rationall evidence of that divine authority whereby Moses acted.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 411 Every lower facultie Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste.

1697 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 516 His Return of rep[re]sentatives for Council was produced, qrby it appeared [etc.].

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §61. 66 Stated Lengths, whereby we measure Objects.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 92 An universal plastic power, whereby every body in nature receives its..specific form.

1883 R. Whitelaw tr. Sophocles Ajax 1025 This..sword-point—this whereby Ebbed out thy life.

1918 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Mar. 122/2 There is no convention in war whereby the loser can convert disaster into stalemate.

a. In consequence of, as a result of, or owing to which; from which (as a cause or reason); wherefore; sometimes practically equivalent to ‘so that’, ‘in order that’. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > on account of which or wherefore

wherethroughc1220

wherethorough?c1225

whereforec1230

forwhyc1275

whereofa1325

whereup1340

wherebyc1380

whereonc1420

whereuponc1485

on account1817

(on) account of1928

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 310 Þise men lousen crist þat maken hise membris heere special patrouns, & leuen to haue crist oonliche heere patroun, werbi þei louen lasse crist.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. c. 49 b/1 The table rounde, wherby sprange the fame of so many noble knightes through out all the worlde.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aii It was put into my mynde to draw it in the englysshe tonge, wherby it myght be the more accept to many.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 67 We were inforst for safety sake to..raise this present head, Whereby we stand opposed by such meanes, As you your selfe haue forgde against your selfe.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 232 Wee buried the slayne people in deep graues, whereby Iackals should not open vp their graues.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §81. 472/2 He was suddenly seised with a Cancer in the Reins of his back, whereby he rotted above ground.

1844 T. Hood Univ. Feud 105 Whereby it so may happen as that neither of them Scholars May be the proper Chairman for the Glorious Apollers!

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer xv I ought to be..going peacefully to bed, whereby I should wake up with a clear head.

b. Upon which, whereupon. dialect ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > whereafter or whereupon

whereaftera1425

whereupon?1461

whereafterward1483

wherewithc1515

wherewithala1542

whenas1553

whereon1588

whereby1600

hereon1602

when1803

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 99 Goodwife Keech..telling vs she had a good dish of prawnes, whereby thou didst desire to eate some, whereby I told thee they were ill for a greene wound.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 223 Whereby he told the captain, that..he would heave him over-board.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 223 We heard firing, whereby we made for the place.

6. Beside or near which; along, through, or over which. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] > near which

whereby1297

wherenigha1657

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction > along the length of something

whereby1297

along?a1425

wherealong1768

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 21 Wateres..Ȝware bi þe ssipes mowe come fram þe se.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xix A kenell shulde haue a gutter or two, wherby alle þe pisse of þe houndes..may renne oute.

?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 154^v He..hideth hym self vnder some..rocke, or any other meanes, whereby he semeth to bee.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 293 He occupies and standes in a way quhairby the men of weir fled.

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xxxiii. 19 The brawling brook, where-by,..glide the sauntering hours With a calm languor.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 83 Fear..wing'd Her transit to the throne, whereby she fell Delivering seal'd dispatches.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche xii. ix. 147 At Aphrodite's golden gate, whereby They came as night was close on twilight dim.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	whereby
释义	wherebyadv. Brit. /wɛːˈbʌɪ/, U.S. /(h)wɛrˈbaɪ/ Etymology: < where adv., conj., and n. Compounds 2 + by prep. I. interrogative. 1. By, beside, or near what? in what direction? ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards what place or direction whither971 whereOE whereforthc1290 wheretoa1300 wherebya1450 where…to?1768 wheretill1827 which-a-way1909 a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 4 In-to þe dyche þey fallen boo, For þey ne sen whare by to go. 2. By what means? how? (by prep. 29, 30.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by what means? wherewithc1175 howa1400 whereby1526 wherewithal1535 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 436 Wherby wote men whiche is whyte if alle þinge blake were? a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7801 Þat þai bath er slain, quar-bi Wat þou it es sua? 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxij Wherby shall I knowe this? 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Whereby wilt thou accomplish thy design? †3. For what reason? why? (by prep. 36). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > why, wherefore, or for what reason for whyc1000 whereofc1175 wheretoa1225 whereforec1230 whereata1325 how1340 wheretilla1400 whereupon1535 wherebya1616 whaffor1922 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2256 Wharbi seistow so so þe god help? 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xvi. 297 Be ye a knyght of Cornewaile? where by aske ye hit? said sir Tristram. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. i. 9 Clo. Thereby hangs a tayle. Boy. Whereby hangs a tayle sir? View more context for this quotation II. relative. 4. By means of or by the agency of which; from which (as a source of information); according to which, in the matter of which, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which wheremidc1160 wherebyc1200 wherethorough?c1225 wherewithc1230 wherewith1297 witha1300 wherethrough13.. whereof1340 withal1389 how1390 wherewithal1578 wherewithal1618 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adverb] > conformably or accordingly thereafterc1175 likec1425 likec1425 accordantlyc1443 thereby1512 pursuantly1530 agreeable1549 pursuant1659 accordingly1688 whereby1918 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 81 We wolden sen sum fortocne of þe, Warbi we mihten cnowen ȝif it soð were þat þu seist. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 573 Mete quorbi ðei migten liuen. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 40 Lyflode..Wher-of or wherfore or where-by to lybbe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 294 A staf, wherby, he seide, he wolde That Adrian him scholde holde. c1450 Mirk's Festial 195 Summe spyritual visyon wherby þat he myȝt haue ben confortyd yn sowle. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 234 A starre of Iacob wherby ys vnderstonde oure lorde iesu cryste. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Jer. xxxiii. 8 I will cleanse them from all their iniquitie, whereby they haue sinned against me. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 192 The absolut power, wharbe..the haill privileges of the thrie Esteates of the Realme is weakned. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. iii. §3 The rationall evidence of that divine authority whereby Moses acted. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 411 Every lower facultie Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste. View more context for this quotation 1697 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 516 His Return of rep[re]sentatives for Council was produced, qrby it appeared [etc.]. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §61. 66 Stated Lengths, whereby we measure Objects. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 92 An universal plastic power, whereby every body in nature receives its..specific form. 1883 R. Whitelaw tr. Sophocles Ajax 1025 This..sword-point—this whereby Ebbed out thy life. 1918 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Mar. 122/2 There is no convention in war whereby the loser can convert disaster into stalemate. 5. a. In consequence of, as a result of, or owing to which; from which (as a cause or reason); wherefore; sometimes practically equivalent to ‘so that’, ‘in order that’. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > on account of which or wherefore wherethroughc1220 wherethorough?c1225 whereforec1230 forwhyc1275 whereofa1325 whereup1340 wherebyc1380 whereonc1420 whereuponc1485 on account1817 (on) account of1928 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 310 Þise men lousen crist þat maken hise membris heere special patrouns, & leuen to haue crist oonliche heere patroun, werbi þei louen lasse crist. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. c. 49 b/1 The table rounde, wherby sprange the fame of so many noble knightes through out all the worlde. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aii It was put into my mynde to draw it in the englysshe tonge, wherby it myght be the more accept to many. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 67 We were inforst for safety sake to..raise this present head, Whereby we stand opposed by such meanes, As you your selfe haue forgde against your selfe. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 232 Wee buried the slayne people in deep graues, whereby Iackals should not open vp their graues. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §81. 472/2 He was suddenly seised with a Cancer in the Reins of his back, whereby he rotted above ground. 1844 T. Hood Univ. Feud 105 Whereby it so may happen as that neither of them Scholars May be the proper Chairman for the Glorious Apollers! 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer xv I ought to be..going peacefully to bed, whereby I should wake up with a clear head. b. Upon which, whereupon. dialect ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > whereafter or whereupon whereaftera1425 whereupon?1461 whereafterward1483 wherewithc1515 wherewithala1542 whenas1553 whereon1588 whereby1600 hereon1602 when1803 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 99 Goodwife Keech..telling vs she had a good dish of prawnes, whereby thou didst desire to eate some, whereby I told thee they were ill for a greene wound. View more context for this quotation 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 223 Whereby he told the captain, that..he would heave him over-board. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 223 We heard firing, whereby we made for the place. 6. Beside or near which; along, through, or over which. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] > near which whereby1297 wherenigha1657 the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction > along the length of something whereby1297 along?a1425 wherealong1768 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 21 Wateres..Ȝware bi þe ssipes mowe come fram þe se. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xix A kenell shulde haue a gutter or two, wherby alle þe pisse of þe houndes..may renne oute. ?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 154^v He..hideth hym self vnder some..rocke, or any other meanes, whereby he semeth to bee. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 293 He occupies and standes in a way quhairby the men of weir fled. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xxxiii. 19 The brawling brook, where-by,..glide the sauntering hours With a calm languor. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 83 Fear..wing'd Her transit to the throne, whereby she fell Delivering seal'd dispatches. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche xii. ix. 147 At Aphrodite's golden gate, whereby They came as night was close on twilight dim. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.c1200
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