Watling Streetn.

Brit.

/ˈwɒtlɪŋ striːt/, U.S.

/ˈwɑtlɪŋ ˌstrit/

Forms: Old English Wæclinga-, Wæxling(g)a-, Wætlinga-, Weatlinga-strǽt, Middle English Watlingestrate, Middle English Watelinge stret, Middle English Wat(e)lynge-, Middle English Watlyn-, Middle English Wadlyng-, Wattelynge-, 1500s Scottish Vadland-, 1500s Watlyng-, 1500s– Watling-.

Etymology: Old English Wæclinga strǽt; the first word, apparently the genitive plural of the name of a (real or imaginary) family or clan, occurs also in Wæclinga ceaster (‘the Wæclings' city’), the Old English name of the Roman-British Verulamium (now St. Albans), through which the ‘Watling Street’ passes.The forms with tl for cl , which have been universal from the 12th cent., are all but non-existent in manuscripts of pre-Conquest date; a solitary example is Wætlinga ceaster in OE. Martyrology, St. Alban, 22 June (MS. Cott. Julius A. x. f. 112, written c975). The change of Wæclinga into Wætlinga can hardly be due to the close resemblance of c and t in Old English script (though many instances of the latter form in modern editions of Old English texts are mere editorial misreadings), because the existence of sense 2 seems to show that the name of the Roman road was preserved in popular and not merely literary tradition. Perhaps the word may have been assimilated to the Wætlinga which occurs in the place-name Watlington (Oxfordshire and Norfolk). The Wæclings may have been either an actual family that had obtained possession of the site of Verulamium, or a dynastic family celebrated in Mercian tradition, to whom, as typifying remote antiquity, the road and the city were attributed by popular fancy. It has been suggested that Wæclinga ceaster is a corruption of Werlama ceaster, an alternative Old English name of Verulamium (Uæclingacestir siue Uerlamacester, Bæda H.E. i. vii), which is an adoption of the British name in a later form; but the conjecture is untenable.

a. The English name given in pre-Conquest times to the Roman road running from near London through St. Albans to Wroxeter; by antiquarian writers from the 12th cent. onwards extended to Roman roads leading from London to the south-east and from Wroxeter to the north or west.The places mentioned in Old English charters as situated on or near the ‘Wæclinga-strǽt’ are: Hampstead; Chalgrave (Bedfordshire); Stowe (Buckinghamshire); Weedon (Northamptonshire); Aston (close to Wroxeter): see Birch Cart. Sax. Nos. 1309, 659, 986, 792, 1315. According to Henry of Huntingdon (d. 1154) the Watling Street extended from Canterbury to Chester; according to Robert of Gloucester (c1290) from Dover to Chester; according to Higden (c1340) from Dover to Wroxeter and thence to Cardigan. Modern writers usually assign Dover or Richborough and Chester as the terminal points; but some apply the name Watling Street to the road running northwards from Wroxeter through Lancashire.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > specific roads

Watling Streetc885

fosseOE

Fosse Streetc1175

Fosse Way1422

Fosse Road1724

Outer Circle1829

corniche road1837

Salarian Way1866

silk route1913

North Circular1921

Radar Alley1971

c885 Treaty of Alfred & Guthrum (MS. 12th c.) in Liebermann AS. Laws I. 126 Ðonne up on Usan oð Wætlingastræt.

926 Charter of Æthelstan in Birch Cartul. Sax. II. 335 (Boundaries of Chalgrave, Beds.) Ðær se dic sceot in wæclinga stræte, anlanges wæxlinga stræte..æft dice in wæxlingga strate.

a1118 Florence of Worcester Chron. ann. 1012 (1848) I. 166 In septentrionali plaga Weatlinga-strætæ, id est, strata quam filii Weatlæ regis,..per Angliam straverunt.

a1154 Henry of Huntingdon Hist. Angl. i. §7 Tertius [sc. callis] est ex transverso a Dorobernia in Cestriam..et vocatur Watlingestrate.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 174 From douere in to chestre tilleþ watelinge stret.

c1340 R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) II. 44 Secunda via principalis dicitur Watlingstrete.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 8 Wedon..stondith hard by the famose Way, there communely caullid of the People Watheling-Strete.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 220 That Crosse Where those two mightie waies, the Watling and the Fosse, Our Center seeme to cut. (The first doth hold her way, From Douer, to the farth'st of fruitfull Anglesey.)

1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. iv. 117 The great antient Road or Way call'd Watling-Street, which comes from London to this Town [sc. Shrewsbury], and goes on from hence to the utmost Coast of Wales.

b. Applied to other Roman roads.Leland, e.g., applies the name to the Ermine-street in Lincolnshire, and to several distinct roads in Yorkshire. The name has been given to the road running from York through Corbridge into Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > specific roads > other Roman roads in Britain

Watling Streetc1510

c1510 Gest of Robyn Hode ccix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 66 ‘Take thy bowe in thy hande’, sayde Robyn,..‘And walk vp vnder the Sayles, And to Watlynge-strete’.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 28 At the North Ende of this Village [sc. Marton, Lincs.] lyithe the commune way of Watheling Streat to Dancaster.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 36 I never saw..so manifest Tokens as heere of the large high Crest of the Way of Wateling Streate made by hand.

1767 T. Percy Reliques (ed. 2) I. 24 (note) Otterbourn stands near the old Watling street road.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 568 [article Northumberland] The Roman road from London nearly bisects the country, and still goes familiarly under the name of ‘the Watling Street’.

c. The name of a street in the City of London, in the 16–17th centuries the principal street for drapers' shops.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > a centre of commerce > [noun] > street where specific goods traded

Watling Street1569

carrion-row1728

Mincing Lane1880

Petticoat Lane1967

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun] > specific street

Watling Street1569

pall-mall1656

high1853

Corso1876

Great White Way1902

1569 T. Preston Lamentable Trag. Cambises F 3 b I beleeue all [the] cloth in Watling street, to make gowns would not serue.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 62 The Drapers..are seated in Candlewickstreete and Watheling streete.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 280 Then for Watheling Streete, which Leyland calleth Atheling or Noble streete: but since he sheweth no reason why it was so called, I rather take it so named of the great high way of the same calling... At this present as of olde time also, the inhabitants thereof were and are, wealthy Drapers, retailors of woollen cloathes..more then in any one streete of this Citie.

1614 J. Cooke Greenes Tu Quoque D 2 b Sta. That I should liue to be a seruing-man..the seruing-man..weares broad-cloth, and yet dares walke Watling-streete, without any feare of his Draper.

†2. The Milky Way, galaxy. Obsolete.The Milky Way received other popular names from famous highways, esp. pilgrimage routes. In England it was called Walsingham Way (see Walsingham Way n. at Walsingham n.), in Italy Strada di Roma. A widespread designation of this kind was the Way of St. James (of Compostella); so Italian Via di santo Jacopo (Dante Convivio ii. xv), Spanish Via de Santiago.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] > Milky Way

wayeOE

Watling Streetc1384

galaxya1398

milky circlea1398

Milky Wayc1450

milk way1555

milk-white way1555

white circle1563

milken waya1586

milken race1596

milk circle1601

Via Lactea1615

lacteous circle1646

Milky Way1854

Walsingham Wayc1878

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 431 Se yonder loo the Galoxie..Somme parfeye Kallen hyt watlynge strete.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xxxii. (Tollemache MS.) It semeþ þat þey [sc. comets] ben in þat cercle, þat is calde Lacteus, and Galaxia, also Watelynge strete.

1483 Cath. Angl. 410/2 Wattelynge strete, lactea, galaxias, vel galaxia.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 406 Let vs go to this dome Vp Watlyn strete.

a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 188 in Poems (1981) 138 He..passit to the hevin..To seke his wyf..By Wadlyng strete he went, but tarying.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 22 Arthuris huyfe, and Hyades betaiknand rane, Syne Watling streit..and the Charle wane.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 46 The quhyt circle callit circulus lacteus the quhilk the marynalis callis, vatlant streit.

1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 105 The Milkye way in heauen, whiche many men in England do call Watlyng streete.

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 38 The mylke waye called of some the waye to saint Iames and Watlyng streate.

1590 T. Hood Vse Celestial Globe f. 40 By vs..it is called The milke way: some in sporting manner doe call it Watling streete.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	watling street
释义	Watling Streetn. Brit. /ˈwɒtlɪŋ striːt/, U.S. /ˈwɑtlɪŋ ˌstrit/ Forms: Old English Wæclinga-, Wæxling(g)a-, Wætlinga-, Weatlinga-strǽt, Middle English Watlingestrate, Middle English Watelinge stret, Middle English Wat(e)lynge-, Middle English Watlyn-, Middle English Wadlyng-, Wattelynge-, 1500s Scottish Vadland-, 1500s Watlyng-, 1500s– Watling-. Etymology: Old English Wæclinga strǽt; the first word, apparently the genitive plural of the name of a (real or imaginary) family or clan, occurs also in Wæclinga ceaster (‘the Wæclings' city’), the Old English name of the Roman-British Verulamium (now St. Albans), through which the ‘Watling Street’ passes.The forms with tl for cl , which have been universal from the 12th cent., are all but non-existent in manuscripts of pre-Conquest date; a solitary example is Wætlinga ceaster in OE. Martyrology, St. Alban, 22 June (MS. Cott. Julius A. x. f. 112, written c975). The change of Wæclinga into Wætlinga can hardly be due to the close resemblance of c and t in Old English script (though many instances of the latter form in modern editions of Old English texts are mere editorial misreadings), because the existence of sense 2 seems to show that the name of the Roman road was preserved in popular and not merely literary tradition. Perhaps the word may have been assimilated to the Wætlinga which occurs in the place-name Watlington (Oxfordshire and Norfolk). The Wæclings may have been either an actual family that had obtained possession of the site of Verulamium, or a dynastic family celebrated in Mercian tradition, to whom, as typifying remote antiquity, the road and the city were attributed by popular fancy. It has been suggested that Wæclinga ceaster is a corruption of Werlama ceaster, an alternative Old English name of Verulamium (Uæclingacestir siue Uerlamacester, Bæda H.E. i. vii), which is an adoption of the British name in a later form; but the conjecture is untenable. 1. a. The English name given in pre-Conquest times to the Roman road running from near London through St. Albans to Wroxeter; by antiquarian writers from the 12th cent. onwards extended to Roman roads leading from London to the south-east and from Wroxeter to the north or west.The places mentioned in Old English charters as situated on or near the ‘Wæclinga-strǽt’ are: Hampstead; Chalgrave (Bedfordshire); Stowe (Buckinghamshire); Weedon (Northamptonshire); Aston (close to Wroxeter): see Birch Cart. Sax. Nos. 1309, 659, 986, 792, 1315. According to Henry of Huntingdon (d. 1154) the Watling Street extended from Canterbury to Chester; according to Robert of Gloucester (c1290) from Dover to Chester; according to Higden (c1340) from Dover to Wroxeter and thence to Cardigan. Modern writers usually assign Dover or Richborough and Chester as the terminal points; but some apply the name Watling Street to the road running northwards from Wroxeter through Lancashire. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > specific roads Watling Streetc885 fosseOE Fosse Streetc1175 Fosse Way1422 Fosse Road1724 Outer Circle1829 corniche road1837 Salarian Way1866 silk route1913 North Circular1921 Radar Alley1971 c885 Treaty of Alfred & Guthrum (MS. 12th c.) in Liebermann AS. Laws I. 126 Ðonne up on Usan oð Wætlingastræt. 926 Charter of Æthelstan in Birch Cartul. Sax. II. 335 (Boundaries of Chalgrave, Beds.) Ðær se dic sceot in wæclinga stræte, anlanges wæxlinga stræte..æft dice in wæxlingga strate. a1118 Florence of Worcester Chron. ann. 1012 (1848) I. 166 In septentrionali plaga Weatlinga-strætæ, id est, strata quam filii Weatlæ regis,..per Angliam straverunt. a1154 Henry of Huntingdon Hist. Angl. i. §7 Tertius [sc. callis] est ex transverso a Dorobernia in Cestriam..et vocatur Watlingestrate. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 174 From douere in to chestre tilleþ watelinge stret. c1340 R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) II. 44 Secunda via principalis dicitur Watlingstrete. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 8 Wedon..stondith hard by the famose Way, there communely caullid of the People Watheling-Strete. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 220 That Crosse Where those two mightie waies, the Watling and the Fosse, Our Center seeme to cut. (The first doth hold her way, From Douer, to the farth'st of fruitfull Anglesey.) 1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. iv. 117 The great antient Road or Way call'd Watling-Street, which comes from London to this Town [sc. Shrewsbury], and goes on from hence to the utmost Coast of Wales. b. Applied to other Roman roads.Leland, e.g., applies the name to the Ermine-street in Lincolnshire, and to several distinct roads in Yorkshire. The name has been given to the road running from York through Corbridge into Scotland. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > specific roads > other Roman roads in Britain Watling Streetc1510 c1510 Gest of Robyn Hode ccix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 66 ‘Take thy bowe in thy hande’, sayde Robyn,..‘And walk vp vnder the Sayles, And to Watlynge-strete’. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 28 At the North Ende of this Village [sc. Marton, Lincs.] lyithe the commune way of Watheling Streat to Dancaster. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 36 I never saw..so manifest Tokens as heere of the large high Crest of the Way of Wateling Streate made by hand. 1767 T. Percy Reliques (ed. 2) I. 24 (note) Otterbourn stands near the old Watling street road. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 568 [article Northumberland] The Roman road from London nearly bisects the country, and still goes familiarly under the name of ‘the Watling Street’. c. The name of a street in the City of London, in the 16–17th centuries the principal street for drapers' shops. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > a centre of commerce > [noun] > street where specific goods traded Watling Street1569 carrion-row1728 Mincing Lane1880 Petticoat Lane1967 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun] > specific street Watling Street1569 pall-mall1656 high1853 Corso1876 Great White Way1902 1569 T. Preston Lamentable Trag. Cambises F 3 b I beleeue all [the] cloth in Watling street, to make gowns would not serue. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 62 The Drapers..are seated in Candlewickstreete and Watheling streete. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 280 Then for Watheling Streete, which Leyland calleth Atheling or Noble streete: but since he sheweth no reason why it was so called, I rather take it so named of the great high way of the same calling... At this present as of olde time also, the inhabitants thereof were and are, wealthy Drapers, retailors of woollen cloathes..more then in any one streete of this Citie. 1614 J. Cooke Greenes Tu Quoque D 2 b Sta. That I should liue to be a seruing-man..the seruing-man..weares broad-cloth, and yet dares walke Watling-streete, without any feare of his Draper. †2. The Milky Way, galaxy. Obsolete.The Milky Way received other popular names from famous highways, esp. pilgrimage routes. In England it was called Walsingham Way (see Walsingham Way n. at Walsingham n.), in Italy Strada di Roma. A widespread designation of this kind was the Way of St. James (of Compostella); so Italian Via di santo Jacopo (Dante Convivio ii. xv), Spanish Via de Santiago. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] > Milky Way wayeOE Watling Streetc1384 galaxya1398 milky circlea1398 Milky Wayc1450 milk way1555 milk-white way1555 white circle1563 milken waya1586 milken race1596 milk circle1601 Via Lactea1615 lacteous circle1646 Milky Way1854 Walsingham Wayc1878 c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 431 Se yonder loo the Galoxie..Somme parfeye Kallen hyt watlynge strete. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xxxii. (Tollemache MS.) It semeþ þat þey [sc. comets] ben in þat cercle, þat is calde Lacteus, and Galaxia, also Watelynge strete. 1483 Cath. Angl. 410/2 Wattelynge strete, lactea, galaxias, vel galaxia. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 406 Let vs go to this dome Vp Watlyn strete. a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 188 in Poems (1981) 138 He..passit to the hevin..To seke his wyf..By Wadlyng strete he went, but tarying. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 22 Arthuris huyfe, and Hyades betaiknand rane, Syne Watling streit..and the Charle wane. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 46 The quhyt circle callit circulus lacteus the quhilk the marynalis callis, vatlant streit. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 105 The Milkye way in heauen, whiche many men in England do call Watlyng streete. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 38 The mylke waye called of some the waye to saint Iames and Watlyng streate. 1590 T. Hood Vse Celestial Globe f. 40 By vs..it is called The milke way: some in sporting manner doe call it Watling streete. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c885
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