waulk milln.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːk ˌmɪl/, U.S.

/ˈwɔk ˌmɪl/,

/ˈwɑk ˌmɪl/, Scottish English

/ˈwɔk ˌmɪl/

Forms:

α. Middle English walke milne, Middle English walke myln, Middle English walke mylne, Middle English walk myln, Middle English walk mylne; Scottish pre-1700 valk miln, pre-1700 waak milne, pre-1700 wack milne, pre-1700 wack mylne, pre-1700 waike mylne, pre-1700 waik mylne, pre-1700 wake miln, pre-1700 wak milne, pre-1700 walcke miln, pre-1700 walke miln, pre-1700 walke milne, pre-1700 walk milne, pre-1700 walk myln, pre-1700 wauk mylne, pre-1700 waulk milne, pre-1700 way mylne, pre-1700 1700s walk miln, pre-1700 1800s walk mylne.

β. Middle English walke mylle, Middle English walk mulle, 1500s– walk mill, 1600s waulke mill, 1900s– waulk mill, 1900s– woak mill (English regional (Lancashire)); Scottish pre-1700 vak mill, pre-1700 valk mill, pre-1700 valk myll, pre-1700 wake myll, pre-1700 wak mill, pre-1700 walke mill, pre-1700 walk myl, pre-1700 walk myll, pre-1700 walk mylle, pre-1700 waulk myll, pre-1700 1700s wake mill, pre-1700 1700s– waulk mill, pre-1700 1800s wauch mill, pre-1700 1800s– wauk mill, 1700s–1800s walk mill.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: waulk v., mill n.¹

Etymology: Apparently < waulk v. + mill n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch walcmōlen (Dutch walkmolen), Middle Low German walkmoele, Middle High German walkmül (German walkmühle).Compare (with the same first element) the place name Walchra (Hertfordshire, 1086; also Walkerne (1222)), now Walkern (perhaps representing Old English *wealc-ærn , lit. ‘building for the fulling of cloth’; see earn n.¹); and also Walkmede (Hertfordshire, 1294), now lost, probably denoting a meadow where cloth was fulled (see mead n.²). The existence of these compounds (and the early attestation of the former) perhaps supports an alternative interpretation of the first element as reflecting Old English wealc walk n.¹ in the otherwise unattested spec. sense ‘fulling of cloth’ (compare walk n.¹ I.); compare Middle High German walke fulling (German Walke ). In either case the ultimate etymon is walk v. For variation in spelling see discussion at waulk v.

Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). Now historical.

A mill for fulling cloth.The introduction of the fulling mill to England seems to have occurred in the 12th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mill

waulk mill1241

fulling mill1388

tucking-mill1467

tuck-milla1641

fullery1728

tucking-stock1751

walk mill1773

plash-mill1795

waulking-mill1805

1241 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 181 (MED) Walkemulne.

1359 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 282 Juxta aquam quae currit usque le Walkemilne.

1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 188 The tendis of the corn mil and walkmyl remenand fre to the abbay.

1490 in N. W. Alcock People at Home (1993) iv. 26 Newe made and reryd up a watyr mille called a walke mylle with flodeyates.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 312 [The flood] buir away the walkmylnes.

1582 R. Hakluyt Remembrances in Voy. (1599) II. i. 163 The Clotheirs in Flanders by the flatnesse of their riuers cannot make Walkmilles for their clothes, but are forced to thicken and dresse all their clothes by the foot and by the labour of men.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. xi. 550 Simus took pleasure in painting a yong man lying asleepe in a waulke mill or Fullers worke-house.

1672 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1820) VIII. 147/1 The threttie two oxingaite of land of old extent..with the tower fortalice maner place..walkemilnes and cornemilnes of the samyn milnelands.

1710 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 153 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 With multures walkmiln & pertinents therof.

1775 Dumfries Weekly Mag. 7 Feb. The Waulk-Mills lately built by the town of Dumfries, consisting of a Pushing-mill and a Falling-mill.

1857 W. Arthur Etymol. Dict. Family & Christian Names 260 In the north of England and south of Scotland a fulling-mill is still called a walk-mill.

1893 Brechin Advert. 2 May 3 The wauk mill means a mill faur woollen gudes, such as blankets, were sent to be shrunk after they cam' back frae the weavers.

1905 R. Gibson Old Berwick Town 218 Dyeing was an important part of the equipment of the early Waulk Mills, so common in the country. Their name signified their purpose, which was to waulk—thicken—and scour woollen clothes.

1965 Econ. Hist. Rev. 18 61 Later evidence records a walk-mill (i.e. fulling-mill) at the bottom of this street.

1992 M. K. Jones & M. G. Underwood King's Mother iv. 123 A walk-mill set up under the chapel at Troutbeck was pulled down by Margaret's agents.

2006 S. Murdoch Network North v. 176 He also..ran a klädestamp or ‘waulk-mill’ in Vättinge.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1246–68 Cockersand Chartul. (Chetham) III. i. 843 Quamdam partem terræ in Caton jacentem subtus le Walkemilnestude infra has divisas, scilicet [etc.].

1344 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 141 Jacens in le Walkmylnbanke.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 414 His luddokkys thai lowke Like walk-mylne cloggys.

1585 Liber Eccl. de Scon (1843) 231 The walkmyln landis of Innerburs.

1665 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 63 The walk milne land set to Thomas Patersone.

2002 Biogr. Dict. Civil Engineers I. 439/2 In 1750 he..visited England for the same company to inspect waulk mill machinery.

C2.

† waulk-mill silver n. Obsolete a fine paid by tenants of a manor in lieu of fulling cloth.

ΚΠ

1572 Jrnl. 1 Sept. in R. E. Porter Mem. Sir Daniel Fleming (1928) 52 2d for a rent called Walk-mill-silver being all 23d per ann. unto Will. Fleming Esq. & his Heirs.

1777 J. Nicolson & R. Burn Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland II. 42 16s 8d called walk-mill silver payable there in common amongst the tenants of the manor of St. Bees.

1828 N. Carlisle Hist. Acct. Comm. conc. Charities 311 Walk-mill silver, a fine in lieu of fulling cloth at the Lord's Walk (or Fulling) Mill.

Derivatives

ˈwaulk miller n. now historical

ΘΚΠ

waulkereOE

fullerOE

waulkster1355

tucker1388

cloth-thicker?1518

thicker1520

waulk miller1753

plash-miller1822

1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. July 338/1 Angus Macdonald waulk-miller in Anchofragan.

1833 N. McAlpine Pronouncing Gaelic Dict. (ed. 2) at Luadhadair Fuller, waulk-miller.

1987 A. Martin Kintyre Country Life vii. 109 The beating given to a middle-aged Clachan waulk-miller (a fuller of cloth) in 1831 shows smugglers at their most vindictive.

ˈwaulk milling n. rare

ΚΠ

1949 Scots Mag. Apr. 1 The hamlets—with their wauk-milling, dyeing, malting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	waulk mill
释义	waulk milln. Brit. /ˈwɔːk ˌmɪl/, U.S. /ˈwɔk ˌmɪl/, /ˈwɑk ˌmɪl/, Scottish English /ˈwɔk ˌmɪl/ Forms: α. Middle English walke milne, Middle English walke myln, Middle English walke mylne, Middle English walk myln, Middle English walk mylne; Scottish pre-1700 valk miln, pre-1700 waak milne, pre-1700 wack milne, pre-1700 wack mylne, pre-1700 waike mylne, pre-1700 waik mylne, pre-1700 wake miln, pre-1700 wak milne, pre-1700 walcke miln, pre-1700 walke miln, pre-1700 walke milne, pre-1700 walk milne, pre-1700 walk myln, pre-1700 wauk mylne, pre-1700 waulk milne, pre-1700 way mylne, pre-1700 1700s walk miln, pre-1700 1800s walk mylne. β. Middle English walke mylle, Middle English walk mulle, 1500s– walk mill, 1600s waulke mill, 1900s– waulk mill, 1900s– woak mill (English regional (Lancashire)); Scottish pre-1700 vak mill, pre-1700 valk mill, pre-1700 valk myll, pre-1700 wake myll, pre-1700 wak mill, pre-1700 walke mill, pre-1700 walk myl, pre-1700 walk myll, pre-1700 walk mylle, pre-1700 waulk myll, pre-1700 1700s wake mill, pre-1700 1700s– waulk mill, pre-1700 1800s wauch mill, pre-1700 1800s– wauk mill, 1700s–1800s walk mill. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: waulk v., mill n.¹ Etymology: Apparently < waulk v. + mill n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch walcmōlen (Dutch walkmolen), Middle Low German walkmoele, Middle High German walkmül (German walkmühle).Compare (with the same first element) the place name Walchra (Hertfordshire, 1086; also Walkerne (1222)), now Walkern (perhaps representing Old English wealc-ærn , lit. ‘building for the fulling of cloth’; see earn n.¹); and also Walkmede* (Hertfordshire, 1294), now lost, probably denoting a meadow where cloth was fulled (see mead n.²). The existence of these compounds (and the early attestation of the former) perhaps supports an alternative interpretation of the first element as reflecting Old English wealc walk n.¹ in the otherwise unattested spec. sense ‘fulling of cloth’ (compare walk n.¹ I.); compare Middle High German walke fulling (German Walke ). In either case the ultimate etymon is walk v. For variation in spelling see discussion at waulk v. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). Now historical. A mill for fulling cloth.The introduction of the fulling mill to England seems to have occurred in the 12th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mill waulk mill1241 fulling mill1388 tucking-mill1467 tuck-milla1641 fullery1728 tucking-stock1751 walk mill1773 plash-mill1795 waulking-mill1805 1241 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 181 (MED) Walkemulne. 1359 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 282 Juxta aquam quae currit usque le Walkemilne. 1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 188 The tendis of the corn mil and walkmyl remenand fre to the abbay. 1490 in N. W. Alcock People at Home (1993) iv. 26 Newe made and reryd up a watyr mille called a walke mylle with flodeyates. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 312 [The flood] buir away the walkmylnes. 1582 R. Hakluyt Remembrances in Voy. (1599) II. i. 163 The Clotheirs in Flanders by the flatnesse of their riuers cannot make Walkmilles for their clothes, but are forced to thicken and dresse all their clothes by the foot and by the labour of men. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. xi. 550 Simus took pleasure in painting a yong man lying asleepe in a waulke mill or Fullers worke-house. 1672 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1820) VIII. 147/1 The threttie two oxingaite of land of old extent..with the tower fortalice maner place..walkemilnes and cornemilnes of the samyn milnelands. 1710 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 153 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 With multures walkmiln & pertinents therof. 1775 Dumfries Weekly Mag. 7 Feb. The Waulk-Mills lately built by the town of Dumfries, consisting of a Pushing-mill and a Falling-mill. 1857 W. Arthur Etymol. Dict. Family & Christian Names 260 In the north of England and south of Scotland a fulling-mill is still called a walk-mill. 1893 Brechin Advert. 2 May 3 The wauk mill means a mill faur woollen gudes, such as blankets, were sent to be shrunk after they cam' back frae the weavers. 1905 R. Gibson Old Berwick Town 218 Dyeing was an important part of the equipment of the early Waulk Mills, so common in the country. Their name signified their purpose, which was to waulk—thicken—and scour woollen clothes. 1965 Econ. Hist. Rev. 18 61 Later evidence records a walk-mill (i.e. fulling-mill) at the bottom of this street. 1992 M. K. Jones & M. G. Underwood King's Mother iv. 123 A walk-mill set up under the chapel at Troutbeck was pulled down by Margaret's agents. 2006 S. Murdoch Network North v. 176 He also..ran a klädestamp or ‘waulk-mill’ in Vättinge. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1246–68 Cockersand Chartul. (Chetham) III. i. 843 Quamdam partem terræ in Caton jacentem subtus le Walkemilnestude infra has divisas, scilicet [etc.]. 1344 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 141 Jacens in le Walkmylnbanke. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 414 His luddokkys thai lowke Like walk-mylne cloggys. 1585 Liber Eccl. de Scon (1843) 231 The walkmyln landis of Innerburs. 1665 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 63 The walk milne land set to Thomas Patersone. 2002 Biogr. Dict. Civil Engineers I. 439/2 In 1750 he..visited England for the same company to inspect waulk mill machinery. C2. † waulk-mill silver n. Obsolete a fine paid by tenants of a manor in lieu of fulling cloth. ΚΠ 1572 Jrnl. 1 Sept. in R. E. Porter Mem. Sir Daniel Fleming (1928) 52 2d for a rent called Walk-mill-silver being all 23d per ann. unto Will. Fleming Esq. & his Heirs. 1777 J. Nicolson & R. Burn Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland II. 42 16s 8d called walk-mill silver payable there in common amongst the tenants of the manor of St. Bees. 1828 N. Carlisle Hist. Acct. Comm. conc. Charities 311 Walk-mill silver, a fine in lieu of fulling cloth at the Lord's Walk (or Fulling) Mill. Derivatives ˈwaulk miller n. now historical ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > one who waulkereOE fullerOE waulkster1355 tucker1388 cloth-thicker?1518 thicker1520 waulk miller1753 plash-miller1822 1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. July 338/1 Angus Macdonald waulk-miller in Anchofragan. 1833 N. McAlpine Pronouncing Gaelic Dict. (ed. 2) at Luadhadair Fuller, waulk-miller. 1987 A. Martin Kintyre Country Life vii. 109 The beating given to a middle-aged Clachan waulk-miller (a fuller of cloth) in 1831 shows smugglers at their most vindictive. ˈwaulk milling n. rare ΚΠ 1949 Scots Mag. Apr. 1 The hamlets—with their wauk-milling, dyeing, malting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1241
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