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单词 wend
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Wendn.

Brit. /wɛnd/, U.S. /wɛnd/
Forms: Also Vend; 1700s Winde.
Etymology: < German Wende, Winde (plural Wenden, Winden = Danish Vender, Old Norse Vindr, Old High German Winida, Old English Winedas, Weonod-, medieval Latin Venedi, Veneti), of doubtful origin.
1. A member of the Slavonic race now inhabiting Lusatia in the east of Saxony, but formerly extending over Northern Germany; a Sorb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > [noun] > Wends or Sorbs > person
Serb1695
Wend1786
Sorbian1836
Wendian1838
Sorb1843
Sorabian1851
1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North 101 (note) The Vandals mentioned here, are indubitably the Wends, or that tribe of the Sclavonians which opposed the Moguls and the Tartars.
1788 Encycl. Brit. II. 700/1 [article Austria] The Windes, who are mixed with the Germans in these countries.
a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXI. 340 The Vends are a well-made, strong, courageous, and industrious people.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 206/1 The language of the Vends..dates its first literature from the Reformation.
1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 155 Canute was still unable to subdue the Wends, who..made the Baltic a Slavonian lake.
1886 S. Baring-Gould Germany xliii. 264 Henry I. had created the Margravate of Brandenburg as a bulwark against the heathen Wends, who lived on the Baltic.
2. Southern Wends: (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > [noun] > Wends or Sorbs
Southern Wends1822
1822 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. V. 242 In 640, the Sclavonians took possession of Illyria,..and they still retain it, under the names of Servians, Croatians, and Southern Wends.
1822 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. V. 242 The southern Wends..are now mixed with Germans in Carniola, Carinthia, and Lower Stiria.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

wendv.1

Brit. /wɛnd/, U.S. /wɛnd/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle wended /ˈwɛndɪd/;
Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. (a) Old English uoenda (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), Old English wændan, Old English wendan, Old English węndan (in prefixed forms), Old English woenda (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), early Middle English hwende, early Middle English uende, early Middle English uuende, early Middle English wænde, early Middle English wande (chiefly south-east midlands), early Middle English want (south-east midlands, plural indicative), early Middle English wen (imperative singular), early Middle English wendenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English wenne, early Middle English wuende, Middle English vend, Middle English vende, Middle English whend, Middle English whende, Middle English–1500s wende, Middle English– wend; Scottish pre-1700 vend, pre-1700 wende, pre-1700 1700s– wend; (b) also 3rd singular indicative Old English wænt, Old English–Middle English went, late Old English wænd (in prefixed forms), late Old English–early Middle English wend, early Middle English want (chiefly south-east midlands), early Middle English wenhim (with personal pronoun affixed), early Middle English wenðet (transmission error). OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xi. 267 Wend þas stanas to hlafum.lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 132 Wænd þu þa hlafes, þæt heo ne forbeornen.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 103 All hit want ðe to ȝode.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14929 Þet water Desse wendeð into þere sæ.a1400 MS Merton 248 in Anglia (1974) 92 59 Þe riches worschipe went sone a-way.a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) 2034 Lef thay nome To whend hom.1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue 132 b Can plague nor payne Make you..from wickednes wende?a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 157 Hopelesse and helpelesse doth Egean wend.1762 Sketch Present Times 15 Through Street to Street, she wends.1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 78 Now back they wend their watery way.1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. IV. xi. 97 Just so wend we.1991 Montana June 16/3 The south-trending route wends several miles in and out of forest and meadow.2009 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 88/2 His Heart of Darkness journey wends boldly past unicorns.

β. early Middle English vent (imperative singular), early Middle English wænt (south-east midlands, imperative singular, in prefixed forms), early Middle English want (south-east midlands, imperative singular), Middle English went, Middle English wente, 1500s vente; Scottish pre-1700 went. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 13 Se ðe smit under ða eare, want to ðat oðer.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 52 Lauerd..Went awei min echnen from þe worldes dweole.?a1300 Body & Soul (Digby 86) l. 49 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 125 Wrecche gost, þou vent auei.c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 626 At þe furste dunte Hys heued of gan wente [c1300 Cambr. þe heued of wente].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27748 It wentes man fra godd his will.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28681 Þou fand..all for to went his will.a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 2027 When þai sal went in cuntre.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 257 And thi ferrand..Sall richt to paris went.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 330 Scho prayde he wald to the lord Persye went.1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 75 Thow seruis better for to haue punischement,..nor halie gaitis to went.a1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 361 On hir wayis can Scho went.

γ. early Middle English weint (south-west midlands, 3rd singular indicative), early Middle English wiende (south-western), Middle English veind, Middle English weend, Middle English weende, Middle English weind, Middle English wenid (transmission error), Middle English weynd, Middle English weynde, Middle English wyend; Scottish pre-1700 weind, pre-1700 weynd. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 567 Þis world weint [c1225 Bodl. went] awei as weter þet eorneð.a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 61 Þo flod of min rede blod Al owir-weint min þurlit fod.c1300 Pope Silvester I (Laud) 23 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 391 To-niȝht þou schalt..wiende to þe pine of helle.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. x. l. 171 Elles schal al dye and to helle weende.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2363 Ȝee sal weind til a better land.c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 561 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 160 On my behalue, to thy lady weende [rhyme seende].c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 450 Thow weyndez by Watlyng-strette, and by no waye ells.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 16 Good brother, let vs weynd sone.1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii He myght furth weynd.c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 698 I pray the weind! Ga furth.

δ. chiefly northern Middle English wind, Middle English winde, Middle English wynd, Middle English wynde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8019 Haf god-dai, for nov wind i.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3564 Til vnwelth windes al his wald.c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2150 Þen wyndis he to..the watir of wintir.c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2014 I warne þe, or I wynd.c1475 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th Cent. (1886) 72 We wote neuer wan we xall wynde.

2. Past tense.

α. Old English uoende (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), Old English wennde (in prefixed forms), Old English woende (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English wænde, Old English–Middle English wende, early Middle English uende, early Middle English vende, early Middle English wennde ( Ormulum), Middle English (1700s nonstandard) wend; Scottish pre-1700 vend, pre-1700 wend. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 999 Wendon þa up andlang Medewægan.OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xiv. 20 Þa wænde he ongean to ðam cynge.c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 44 Heo..wende up of þe weater.c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) 17 Forþ he wende wiþ al his mein.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1867 þe erth wex bare quen þai ne wend [a1400 Trin. Cambr. wende].c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2837 They made hir takelyng redy, & wend þe saill a-cros.a1500 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Lamb.) (1969) 529 His bronde aboute he wende.?1507 Ballad of Kynd Kittok in W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen sig. b.ivv And sa to hevin the hieway dreidles scho wend Ȝit scho wanderit and ȝeid by to ane elriche well.a1586 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 110 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 136 Vp thay wend richt in the hallis end. 1762 H. Pauli Let. 8 Aug. in S. K. Stevens & D. H. Kent Papers Henry Bouquet Series 21648 Pt. II (1942) 48 He wend in a Canoe in order to go to Fort Pitt.

β. late Old English (in prefixed forms) early Middle English (south-east midlands) wænte, early Middle English wante (south-east midlands), Middle English vent, Middle English vente, Middle English weint (northern), Middle English wennte, Middle English went, Middle English wente, Middle English wenth (East Anglian), Middle English wentt, Middle English wentte, Middle English whent, Middle English whynt (northern), Middle English wint; Scottish pre-1700 vent, pre-1700 vynt, pre-1700 went, pre-1700 wente, pre-1700 wentt, pre-1700 wynt. lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 162 And seo eadiga fæmne hal and gesund fram him gewænte.] a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 23 Ða ðe ic wænte fram ðe, ða wente forð mid me ðe ilche gode wille.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 147 He wante þo to ðe wauȝe.c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 71 He wenten [c1300 Laud vente, a1350 Harl. wente] vt of halle.c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 1321 Anon to him he wint [rhymes flint, dint, he hint] & smot a stroke.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23049 Þaa þat..Went [a1400 Gött. weint, a1400 Trin. Cambr. wenten] þaim in to religiun.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. viii. 32 Thei ȝeden out, and wenten in to the swyne. ▸ a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 125 Merlyon went with her evermore wheresomever she yeode.c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 112 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 102 One til his awne hame he wynt.a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 19 They went yche yere..and Ȝede vp vnto a maysterful mountayne.a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 229 Vespacian..Passit that tyme thair still for to remane, Quhill wynter wynt.

γ. late Middle English weyndut (north-west midlands), 1500s– wended. c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 35 Thenne the squier weyndut vpon his way.1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Achilles Shield 3 On his steps attended Handmaides of gold that with stronge paces wended.1601 W. Walker tr. J. C. van Neck Jrnl. Voy. Eight Shippes of Amsterdam f. 13 We..then wended and put roome-ward.1631 E. Pellham Gods Power 7 We wended the Shallop..unto the Northward.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iv. i. 60 Lere me whylk way he wended.1768 H. Downman Land of Muses l. 18 On t'other side..Wended fair Innocence.1785 S. Jackson Landscapes in Verse 4 Homeward they wended.1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xviii. 183 As he wended his way to the Peacock.1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. ix. 211 The disappointed palmer wended homeward once more.1991 J. Barth Last Voy. Somebody the Sailor 213 The taxi wended through crosstown traffic.2012 Independent 18 Jan. 19/1 The Welfare Reform Bill wended its contentious way through the Lords.

3. Past participle.

α. Old English gewænd, Old English gewend, Old English gewoend (Northumbrian), late Old English wænd (Kentish), late Old English weond (Kentish), early Middle English ȝewend, early Middle English ivend, early Middle English iwænd, early Middle English vend, early Middle English wennd ( Ormulum), Middle English iwend, Middle English ywend, Middle English ywende, Middle English (1500s Scottish) wend, Middle English–1600s wende. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lii. 405 Eall moncynn wæs to Gode gewend.lOE Canterbury Psalter lxxxi. 5 Movebuntur omnia fundamenta terrę : bioþ wænde ealls staþelung eorðan.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 113 Icc till ennglissh hafe wennd. Goddspelless hallȝhe lare. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2138 His bac was toward hem wend.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 939 Oþer half ȝer we abbeþ now iwend [a1400 Trin. ywende; ?a1425 Digby ywent]..In þe grete se of occean.a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life 73 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 92 Ȝe bicop is yam wend Fram þat k[e]ne stryf.c1535 Ploughman's Tale ii. sig. Biiv Out of the waye they ben wende.a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 440 Tha pepill war nocht eith to apprehend..quhat way that thai had wend.c1620 Contented Couckould (single sheet) She went toward the sea O thither ward did she bend And with a very braue Coale shipe to London she is wende.

β. Old English gewænded (in derivatives), Old English gewended, Old English gewoendet (Northumbrian), Old English giuoendad (Northumbrian), Old English giwendad (Northumbrian), Old English wænded (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English 1500s– wended, late Middle English wendyt, 1800s wentit (English regional (Cumberland)). OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xvii. 4 Conuersus fuerit : gecerred bið uel gewoendet bið.OE Riddle 59 18 He in healle wæs wylted ond wended wloncra folmum. a1500 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1977) 257 We han be wendyt yn gret tresoun.1538 Bible (Coverdale) Luke xxiv. 29 Ye daye is wended awaye.1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. xcviiiv They were both slayne of the Gotthies, after that they had inuaded Thracia, and after that wended them towarde Hungary.a1609 F. Vere Commentaries (1657) 32 With their top sails wended.1635 High Court of Admiralty Exam. 22 Oct. 52 The Neptune being then newly wended from the Shoare.1783 G. W. Lemon Eng. Etymol. sig. 4D6 Wended away, turned from.1836 E. B. Browning Poet's Vow ii. iii My friends have wended forth.1849 W. A. Williamson Local Etymol. 19 Whig is wentit, wended, or turned buttermilk.1986 Computerworld 11 Aug. 16 Consumer protection ethic..has wended its way into the computer industry.2001 J. E. Lewis Mammoth Bk. War Correspondents p. xv By the time Robinson's dispatch..had wended its leisurely postal way to London three weeks later it wasn't news.

γ. Middle English ivent, Middle English iwant (south-east midlands), Middle English iwent, Middle English jwent, Middle English want (south-east midlands and west midlands), Middle English went, Middle English wente, Middle English wentt, Middle English weynt, Middle English ywent, Middle English ywente; Scottish pre-1700 went; N.E.D. (1926) also records a form late Middle English iwente. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 19 Wandeð to me..ȝie ðe berð [read beoð] iwant fram me.c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 913 Þi sorwe schal wende..; Wanne hit is wente,..ȝef me mi rente.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 754 For mannes sinne ðus it is went.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 207 Alle his wies were went, ne wist he neuer whider.a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 1102 Hast þou for slowþe I-be so feynt þat al þy wylle has be weynt?a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 417 This wykyd warld away is wente.?1537 Hugh of Caumpedene tr. Hist. Kyng Boccus sig. Z.jv Whan some go doune, some vp are went With meuyng of the fyrmament.a1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 55 The lordis plaig throuchtout ye warld is went.1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe i. 510 Forth of auenture his way is went.1664 R. Walden Parnassus aboriens 3 Scarce halfe a mile had went.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian wenda , wanda , weinda (West Frisian weine ), Old Dutch, Middle Dutch, Dutch wenden , Old Saxon wendian (Middle Low German wenden ), Old High German wenten (Middle High German, German wenden ), Old Icelandic venda , Old Swedish, Swedish vända , Old Danish, Danish vende , Gothic wandjan , a causative formation < a different ablaut grade (o -grade) of the Germanic base of wind v.1 Semantic development. The core sense of the Germanic base is evidently ‘to turn’, although several extended uses of this are apparently also early (compare branch I.). The semantic development from ‘to turn’ to ‘to go’ (compare branch II.) was probably via a sense ‘to turn in a particular direction in order to go’. It is clear that already in Old English the original idea of turning could sometimes be negligible or lost entirely (a prerequisite for the later use of the past tense went as a suppletive past tense of go v.). However, the interpretation of individual attestations in Old English and Middle English is not always easy, and in some examples in branch II. there is divergence among editors and translators on the question of how far (if at all) the idea of turning remains present. The gradual transfer of the past tense form went to go v. apparently resulted in the almost complete loss of the unmarked sense ‘to move, proceed’ (now once again subsumed by go v.), and in modern standard use present tense wend and its re-formed past tense wended often imply an indirect or meandering course (compare sense 8). This may partly reflect the earlier connotation of turning, but must partly represent a later sense development; the connotation of unhurried movement is not typically present in earlier use. The semantic development shown in branch II. is not characteristic of the cognates of this verb in other Germanic languages (compare, however, the sense ‘to go in a certain direction’ attested in Middle High German, and occasional increased emphasis placed on the idea of progression (as opposed to turning) in Middle Dutch). For similar developments in other verbs, compare wind v.1 2, wander v. (especially senses 1e and 1f) and its cognates Dutch †wanderen to go, travel, roam, to change, and German wandern to roam, travel, move slowly without particular direction, and also Dutch wandelen to change, to walk, travel, stroll, wander, and German wandeln to transform, to stroll (see etymological note at wander v.). Relationship with go v. In Middle English the past tense of wend v.1 started to be used also for go v. as an alternative to the suppletive past tense forms of that verb, the reflexes of Old English ēode (see discussion at go v.). Already in the first half of the 14th cent. the relative frequency of the went type past tense forms to the ēode type is higher than that of the present stem forms of wend v.1 to the present stem forms of go v. The ēode type becomes rare by the 15th cent. and does not survive beyond it (outside Scots) except as an occasional archaism (see Forms 5 at go v.). In the 16th cent. went functions as the usual past tense form of both wend v.1 and go v., until a new past tense of wend v.1, wended , is formed from the present stem at the end of the century (compare an isolated earlier instance at Forms 2γ. ). Therefore, for several centuries the two verbs shared the same past tense form. When an instance of a past tense went could semantically and syntactically belong at either wend v.1 or go v., it has been placed at this entry if it comes from a Middle English source (or from a pre-1600 Older Scots source) that also uses the ēode type; instances that come from 16th-cent. southern English sources, 17th-cent. Older Scots sources, or from those Middle English sources that use the ēode type only as a rare poetic option (e.g. Chaucer, who has yede only in rhyme), have been placed at go v. The most common form of the past participle in Middle English, went , remained the usual form for a considerable time even after the appearance of a newly formed wended at the end of the 15th cent. (earlier Old English instances at Forms 3β. show a chiefly Anglian type without syncope that did not survive into Middle English, unlike the chiefly West Saxon type with syncope represented by Forms 3α. ). On the analogy of the past tense, went also came to be used as the past participle form of go v. in some regional varieties (see Forms 7δ. at that entry). Pre-1600 instances of past participle went (as well as instances from those 17th-cent. sources that also use a form of the gone type) have been placed at this entry, although it is possible that some of these may have been intended as past participles of go v. Form history. Forms 1δ. show a phonological change that led to a partial formal and semantic merger of this word and wind v.1; some of the examples in this section could alternatively be interpreted as showing examples of that verb. The equivalent change in the past tense forms did not lead to a formal merger with wind v.1 and was apparently levelled out in Middle English (for an isolated example see quot. c1330 at Forms 2β. ), although not in Older Scots. The devoicing of the final consonant in the past tense and past participle (see respectively Forms 2β. and 3γ. ) is a development shown also by the past tense and past participle of send v.1, and (attested from a later date in early Middle English) bend v., rend v.1, and shend v.1 (compare also lend v.1 and spend v.1). Present stem forms with apparent devoicing (see Forms 1β. ) may also show the influence of the past tense and past participle forms, and (in southern varieties in early Middle English) influence of the 3rd singular present indicative forms (where -t- resulted from an assimilation of the ending: see Forms 1α. (b)). Difficulty of distinguishing transitive and intransitive uses in early periphrastic forms. Some early intransitive examples constructed with the auxiliary verb be (e.g. he is went , she was wend ) could alternatively be interpreted as the passive use of a transitive sense, rather than the perfect tense of an intransitive sense (e.g. quot. a14002 at sense 2c could alternatively be interpreted as a passive use of sense 2d). Specific senses. With nautical use in sense 7 compare earlier to wend the luff at luff n.1 1. Prefixed forms in Old English. In Old English the prefixed form gewendan i-wende v. is also attested in the same range of senses (in some examples, e.g. quot. OE at sense 2d, quot. OE at sense 3c, it is unclear whether the prefixed past participle form represents the prefixed or the unprefixed verb, as formally it may belong to either); compare also awendan awend v., bewendan bewend v., edwendan to return (compare ed- prefix), (Northumbrian) eftwenda to return (compare eft adv.), framwendan to turn away, avert (compare from adv.), miswendan miswend v., onwendan to change, to overturn, to turn aside, to amend, to pervert, to return (compare on- prefix and also awend v.), oþwendan to turn away, divert (compare oth prep. and also atwend v.), tōwendan to-wend v., underwendan to subvert (compare under- prefix1), (Northumbrian) ymbwenda to turn round, convert, to avert, to change (compare umbe- prefix). In Old English awend v. is more common in some corresponding senses than either wend v.1 or i-wende v., especially in transitive uses and in senses of branch I. (compare e.g. quot. c11751 at sense 2d).
I. To turn, change, and related senses.
†1.
a. transitive. To turn (something) round or over; to alter the position or direction of. Also intransitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > turn (something) to a (different) direction
i-wendeOE
wendOE
turnc1300
convertc1384
avirec1440
kyr1448
twine1600
wheel1805
to put about1832
OE Blickling Homilies 191 Þa he com to þære rode, he cwæþ, Wendaþ min heafod ofdune.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 29 And þam þe slihþ on þin gewenge wend oðer agen.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. ii. 244 Þa wendon hi me heora bæc to.
lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 132 Wænd þu þa hlafes, þæt heo ne forbeornen.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 161 Hie wenden þe eorðe & wurpen god sad þaronne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 24 Laȝamon leide þeos boc & þa leaf wende [c1300 Otho tornde].
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 8402 (MED) Vr louerd þat aȝen hom was bigan þe winde wende.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2152 Bi þat þe wyȝe in the wod wendez [MS reads wendeȝ] his brydel.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2837 They made hir takelyng redy, & wend þe saill a-cros.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 6566 Ho it metre will,..Be it in balede, uers, Rime, or prose, He most torn and wend, metrely to close.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 1349 (MED) Bors de gawnes stille stode And wrothe a-way hys yȝen wente.
1538 M. Coverdale tr. M. Luther Expos. Magnificat sig. Dvi Yf it be come so farre that God wende hys syght to ony man to beholde hym.
b. transitive (reflexive). To turn, to change position or direction; to twist. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [verb (reflexive)] > of a vane: revolve
wendOE
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxviii. 417 He wende hine to wage.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 242 Þa earman bærmenn gebundene to earðan wendon hi abutan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8938 Heo seiden þe hit iseȝen..þat ofte he hine wende swulc hit a wurem weore.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 180 Hi byeþ ase þe wedercoc þet is ope þe steple, þet him went mid eche wynde.
c. intransitive. To turn round or over; to turn from side to side; to twist. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > writhing or twisting movement > writhe or twist [verb (intransitive)]
wendOE
throwOE
to-writhec1000
windc1000
wrenchc1050
writhec1300
wrenka1400
wrestle?a1400
chervec1440
wring1470
wrele1513
wriggle1573
wrincha1625
curla1637
twingle1647
twine1666
twirl1706
retort1720
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxviii. 417 He wand ða swa swa wyrm... He wende eft ongean.
OE [implied in: tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxiv. 189 Precordia fatui quasi rota curri et quasi axis uersatilis sic cogitatus stulti : forebreostu þæs stuntan swylce hweowul crætes & swylce ex wendende swa geþanc þæs dysigan. (at wending adj.)].
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. A) l. 12 [D]eaþ mid his pricke pineþ þene licame; he walkeþ and wendeþ and woneþ [oftes]iþes.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 33 Nihtes when y wende ant wake.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 50 Forthi may no certeinete Be set upon his jugement, Bot as the whiel aboute went He yifth his graces undeserved.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 8083 What þei had long togidir smyten,..wipped with wenges, ouerwarpen & went.
a1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Tanner 346) (1878) l. 187 Her daungere made hym both bowe and bende And as her liste made him bothe turne and wende.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2905 In on estat ne myght he noght sogourn; here on bakke laide, efte the bely vppon, Torning And wendyng euer enuiron.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes Pref. *vj [Wrestlers] haue..certain suer poinctes and wayes bothe to catche holde, and also to wend out of holde.
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 4 He wendeth and waltereth, and happely his head and fete do mete together.
d. transitive. To turn (something) over in one's mind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 77 Ȝet hwenne heis forðe. ha went in hire þocht ofte swiche wordes.
†2. Chiefly with to, from.
a. transitive. To turn (one's own mind, thoughts, or will) in a particular direction; to change (one's mind or intention). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's mind [verb (transitive)]
wendeOE
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xix. 462 Ic wolde nu þæt ðu wende þin ingeþonc from þæm leasum gesælðum.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xi. 271 We scolon wendan ure mod to godes lare swiðor þonne to ænigre wrace.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4407 Nu ich wulle wende mi mod. aȝenes uuel. ich wulle don god.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 998 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 135 Alle we worþez i-brouȝt to nouȝte, bote þov þi þouȝt wende.
c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) 16 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 92 Sire,..Þov scholdest þi wisdom and þi wit to some guode wende.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 2248 If hire lord his herte wente To love in eny other place.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 7807 Anon tys wif his wille he went.
b. transitive (reflexive). Of a person: to turn to or from a particular course of action, way of life, etc.; to turn one's mind, thoughts, or will in a particular direction. Obsolete.In quot. eOE1: to turn on a person, with hostile intentions.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. vii. 63 & hiene siþþan wende on his þrie gebroðor [L. parricidia in fratres convertit].
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxx. 530 Ic wolde..ðæt wit unc wenden sume hwile to þises folces spræce.
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxi. 357 Þi we eow lærað þæt..ge scyldað eow wið þa bealewan synne & wendað eow to beteran cræfte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6576 Þatt sume off ure little flocc..Hemm wendenn oþerr stund fra crist.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23049 (MED) Þai..Went [a1400 Gött. weint] þaim in to religiun..For to beserue vr lauerd dright.
c. intransitive. Of a person: to turn to or from a particular course of action, way of life, etc.; to turn one's mind, thoughts, or will in a particular direction; to change one's mind or intention. Also with the heart as subject. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (intransitive)] > be directed towards (in thought or purpose)
wendOE
tent1551
terminate1587
bend1645
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)]
wendOE
divert1430
to turn one's tale1525
relent1528
revolt1540
resile?a1597
crinkle1612
to throw in (or up) one's cards1688
to box the compass1714
to turn round1808
crawfish1848
to back down1849
duff1883
back-pedal1891
punk1920
back-track1947
to back off1961
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 295 Gif him ænig heafodman hwilces ðinges forwyrnde, ðonne wende he to gode mid gewunelicum gebedum.
OE Genesis B 717 Heo þam were swelce tacen oðiewde.., oðþæt Adame innan breostum his hyge hwyrfde and his heorte ongann wendan to hire willan.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 73 Eauer se þeos wittes beoð mare ibreinde utward. se ha lesse wendeð inward.
?a1300 Fox & Wolf l. 159 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 31 (MED) Ihc am to criste vend.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1705 From him ne mithe his herte wende, Ne fro him, ne fro his wif.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 567 King lotrines herte was al & clene vp hire iwent.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 23049 [They] went in-to religioun. & did þaire bodis in prisoun.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 791 Þat shal y shewe when we be went Vnto þe þryd comaundement.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 804 For ȝe ben couaitouse kid & kunne nouht blinne, But euere wenden to winne wordliche godus.
1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue f. 132v Can plague nor payne Make you refrayne, Nor from wickednes wende?
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 35 Christ..To saif vs is ful plyabill, Gif we repent and to him wend.
d. transitive. To turn (a person) to or from a particular course of action, way of life, etc.; to turn (a person's mind, thoughts, or will) in a particular direction; to change (a person's mind or intention). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] > change in mind or conduct
wendOE
flitc1175
convertc1374
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. i. 100 Manige heora wæron gewende [L. mutati sunt] fram þam dreorlican mode to arfæstnysse gife.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 8 Þe Halȝæ Gast..mæȝ onlihten þæs monnes mod þe he wyle & wenden [OE Trin. Cambr. B.15.34 awendan] hit to gode.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3441 Forr þi þatt he þeȝȝm wollde þa To rihhte læfe wendenn.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 11 (MED) Affrican feng eft on & to fondin ongon ȝef he mahte eanis weis wið olhnunge wenden hire heorte.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 86 & to wenden us fromward þe licunge. þet flesches lust askeð.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 693 To wenden men fro godes reed To newe luue and to newe dred.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 24824 Þaa þat he had na giftes till, wid hightes faire he went þair will.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 194 My broþer Safadyn Is riche of tenement, his sonnes strong & stith, þer wille wille not be went.
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job (new ed.) lix 301/2 If they [sc. those in authority] fall to turning of the truth vpside downe..there is no reason why men should bee wended vnto them.
†3.
a. transitive. To change the character of; to alter. Obsolete.In quot. ?a1160 with adjective as object complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)]
wharvec897
wendOE
i-wendeOE
awendOE
aturn?c1225
biwrixle?c1225
changec1225
turnc1225
shifta1325
vary1340
inchangea1382
strange1390
altera1398
alterate?a1425
permute?a1425
difference1481
renewc1515
alienate1534
wrixlec1540
to chop and change1557
variate1566
palter1587
permutate1598
immute1613
unmake1616
unsame1632
chop1644
veer1647
variegatea1690
refract1700
mutabilatea1704
commute1825
stranger1863
switch1919
OE Cynewulf Juliana 570 Þæt þam weligan wæs weorc to þolianne, þær he hit for worulde wendan meahte.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 He..makede mani weorkes & wende þe tun betere þan it ær wæs.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 343 He wið þet ilke feng to hwenden [Royal he wende] heowes ant warð swuch as he wes vnhwiht of helle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3553 Þe uncuðe weoren..wenden heore [sc. the burghs'] nomen.
c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) 60 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 347 Þe king of kent was þo kyng of al þe londe of kent, þat weren inne tweie bischopriches, and ȝeot nis it nouȝt i-went.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 522 That sche ne mai..speke a word, ne ones loke, That he [sc. a spy] ne wol it wende and croke And torne after his oghne entente.
a1450 Ministry & Passion of Christ (St. John's Cambr.) (1984) l. 1648 (MED) Ne myȝt þou not þat wurd wende: þe deuele is in þe wol breme.
b. transitive. To translate (something) from one language into another. Also with on, till, specifying the language into which something is translated. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]
setc888
wendeOE
turnc1175
writec1275
drawa1325
translatea1375
expound1377
takea1382
interpret1382
transpose1390
remue?a1400
renderc1400
put?a1425
to draw outa1450
reducec1450
compile1483
redige?1517
make1529
traducea1533
traduct1534
converta1538
do1561
to set out1597
transcribe1639
throw1652
metaphrase1868
versionize1874
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 7 Ða ongan ic..ða boc wendan on Englisc.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 113 Ȝiff mann wile witenn..Whi icc till ennglissh hafe wennd. Goddspelless hallȝhe lare.
c1225 (?OE) Homily: Sicut Oves absque Pastore (Worcester F.174) in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 1 He was bocare & þe [fif] bec wende.
c. intransitive. To pass into a specified state or condition. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition
set971
haveOE
wendOE
to bring onc1230
teemc1275
putc1330
run1391
casta1400
laya1400
stead1488
constitute1490
render1490
takea1530
introduce1532
deduce1545
throw?1548
derive?c1550
turn1577
to work up1591
estate1605
arrive1607
state1607
enduea1616
assert1638
sublime1654
to run up1657
OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xiii. 20 Mid gelæredre handa he [sc. Apollonius] swang þone top mid swa micelre swiftnesse þæt se [read þam] cynge wæs geþuht swilce he of ylde to iuguðe gewænd wære.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 2 Monie martyrs..wenden of þeos weanen to weole.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2896 Louered, qui was ic hider sent? Ðin folc is more in sorwe went.
†4. Chiefly with to, into, (in early use) on.
a. transitive. To turn (something) into something else; to transform. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)]
wendOE
forshapeOE
workOE
awendOE
makec1175
turna1200
forwenda1325
change1340
shape1362
transmewc1374
transposec1380
puta1382
convertc1384
exchangea1400
remue?a1400
makea1425
reduce?a1425
removec1425
resolvea1450
transvertc1450
overchangec1480
mew1512
transmutea1513
wring1524
reduct1548
transform1556
innovate1561
metamorphose1576
transume1579
metamorphize1587
transmove1590
transchangea1599
transfashion1601
deflect1613
fordo1624
entail1628
transmutate1632
distila1637
to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637
transqualify1652
unconvert1654
simulate1658
spend1668
transverse1687
hocus-pocus1774
mutate1796
fancy1801
to change around1871
metamorphosize1888
catalyse1944
morph1996
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xi. 267 Gif ðu godes sunu sy, wend þas stanas to hlafum & et.
OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxiii. 8 He wendeð [L. convertit] stan on widne mere.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 62 Þear þurch hire bisocne wes water iwent to win.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1464 (MED) Þat child bi me hit under stond An his un red to red wend.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 440 Þanne is mi þralhod Iwent in to kniȝthod.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 60 Hi alle..wendeþ to guode al þet þe guodeman deþ oþer zayþ.
a1500 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Lamb.) (1969) l. 2104 (MED) Thorowe ther chauntement To a worme they had me went.
b. intransitive. To turn into something else; to be transformed. Also transitive (reflexive). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
braidOE
change?c1225
turnc1300
remue1340
varyc1369
flitc1386
strange1390
alter?a1425
degenerate1548
variate1605
commutatea1652
veer1670
mutate1818
reschedule1887
switch1906
to change up1920
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxxix. 248 Gif þonne sio aþindung þæs windes semninga cymð þonne ne magon þas þing helpan for þon ðe þæt wile wendan on wæterbollan.
OE Andreas (1932) 587 He gehalgode for heremægene win of wætere ond wendan het..on þa beteran gecynd.
c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 86 þone heo [sc. soul] ut gæð, he went al to stence & to þam ylce duste þe [he] of isceapen wæs.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 15 (MED) Fair weder ofte him went to rene.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 321 [Lucifer] Wente in-to a wirme, and tolde eue a tale.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 69 Þos deþ þe fol, and þet him ssolde by triacle, to him went in to uenym.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 202 (MED) Wo in-to wel mowe wende atte laste.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 153 Be-holde thy-Selfe, that thow arte Erthe and into Erthe thow shalte wende.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 11 Must not the world wend in his commun course From good to badd, and from badde to worse?
†5. intransitive. Of an event or occurrence: to have or take a specified course; to take place, happen, or come about. Also with non-referential it as subject. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [phrase] > it happens
wendeOE
it fortunes?1462
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxviii. 515 Ac ic wundrie swiðe swiðlice forhwi hit swa went swa hit oft deð [L. versa vice mutentur].
OE Beowulf (2008) 1739 Ac him eal worold wendeð on willan.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 657 I..fond hire wiþ hordom, Me to schame... Ihc habbe ȝou told hu hit is went.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9400 Cuþeþ to day ȝoure manhede þat it mowe wende To ȝou & to ȝoure children to honour wiþouten ende.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18789 Bot godd for-bede sua þat it weind, þat we vr fa mak of ur freind.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. iii. l. 280 (MED) For so is þis worlde went wiþ hem þat han powere, That who-so seyth hem sothes is sonnest yblamed.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 739 To the felde I wyll wende how hit wende.
†6.
a. intransitive. Chiefly in to wend again (in early use also with eft, aback, and occasionally without adverb). To turn back, to return. Also figurative. Cf. Wendagains-lane n. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)]
to wend againeOE
i-cherrec1000
again-chareOE
again-comeOE
again-fareOE
again-goOE
eft-sithec1175
to turn againc1175
returna1325
attournec1386
turnc1390
recovera1393
repair?c1400
recourse?a1425
to go backc1425
resortc1425
revertc1475
renew1488
retour?1505
to make return1534
to turn back1538
retend1543
to come short home1548
regress1552
rejourna1556
revolt1567
revolve1587
repeal1596
recur1612
rewend1616
revene1656
to get back1664
to take back1674
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 894 Þa hie ða eft ut of Norðwealum wendon mid þære herehyðe þe hie ðær genumen hæfdon.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 80 And hi wendon eft ongean to þam widgyllan westene, wuldrigende god.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 31 And se ðe bið on æcere, ne went he onbæc [L. non redeat retro].
OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xiv. 20 Þa wænde he ongean to ðam cynge.
c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 86 Gewende þæt dust, þæt is, þe lichame, into þare eorðan þe he ær of com, & wende [L. redeat] þe gast to Gode þe hine ær sende.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 797 He wende on-ȝean sone & he ohtliche feaht.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3724 We wilen..wenden in-to egipte a-gen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1867 (MED) Agayne he dide þe waters wende; þe ship on lande bigan to lende.
c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne l. 137 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 864 Wende þou aȝeyne, Malkedras and gete me þe cheynes.
1848 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 313/2 He heard the clear, deep voice of his hostess of the night, as from afar off in the forest,—‘Wend again, Bearswain; wend again. Thine be mine, though mine be thine.’
b. intransitive. Of the wind: to change direction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter > change direction
wendc1275
turnc1300
waw1496
shift1661
whiffle1697
tack1727
haul1769
to come around1797
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4691 Þe wind wende [c1300 Otho tornde] forð-riht fromward þan stronde. in-to þissen londe.
c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 703 (MED) And sente..For to seke Gamelyn..To telle him tydynges how þe wynd was went.
7. Nautical.
a. intransitive. Of a vessel: to turn on the opposite tack; to tack. Cf. wind v.1 8a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > turn in a particular direction
wendc1325
wind1613
to wind up1633
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 21 Wateres he haþ ek inouȝ..Ȝware bi þe ssipes mowe come fram þe se & wende And bringe alonde god inoȝ.
1537 Admiralty Court Oyer & Terminer Inquest (P.R.O.: HCA 1/78) m. 93dorso The sayd wodde hoye..dyd wende a bowte for to cum to an ancker.
?c1588 tr. in J. Bruce Rep. Arrangem. Internal Def. these Kingdoms (1798) App li. p. ccxlvi Before I wende, I will shoote off a peace, and in wending, will shewe another lighte, on the poope.
a1609 F. Vere Commentaries (1657) 32 About me the Gallions let slip Cable in the haulse, and with their top sails wended and drew towards the shore on the left hand of the Bay.
a1618 W. Raleigh Observ. Royal Navy (1650) 9 The lesser [ship] will turne her broad sides twice, before the greater can wend once.
1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 13 East and by South, West and by North she wends.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Wending,..They say, How wends the Ship? i.e. Which way does her Head lie?
1799 Battle of Nile i. 22 The skilful master on each motion tends, ‘The anchor's up,’ he cries; ‘she wends, she wends!’
1863 H. C. Folkard Sailing Boat (ed. 3) 145 If the little craft will not ‘wend’ without a jib, a spit-fire should be set, or the very stoutest and smallest little head-sail that can be found.
1894 C. Cagney in W. C. Russell Brit. Seas v. 114 The racing fleet gathers closer, the vessels now running before the wind with sheets pinned to ease the pace, now gibing, now wending.
1935 Mariner's Mirror 21 332/1 I do remember the paid skipper of the yacht calling out ‘Wend, O’ when tacking.
1936 John o' London's Weekly 22 Feb. 786/2 I knew we should have to gybe at the bend; so I warned Ralph. He said, why couldn't we wend? and I explained there wasn't room.
b. transitive. To place or set (a vessel) on the opposite tack; to turn (a vessel's bow) to the opposite tack. Also with about, aloof. Cf. wind v.1 8b. Now rare. to wend off: †to float (a stranded boat) by setting it on the opposite tack (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > cause to go about
wend1556
to put about1607
wind1623
staya1625
about1694
cast1769
society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > again > a stranded vessel in specific way
wend1556
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lvii. 206 Better wende your ship a loofe: and take sea roome: Then roon here on rockes.
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos x. sig. Eev When the calmed sea to swell by force of tyde appeares: He quickly wendes his shippe, and to his mates request doth make.
1593 T. Churchyard Challenge 191 By this our ships were wend about, and Cannons gan to rore.
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxxiv. 84 And laying out an Anchor, we sought to wend her off.
1631 E. Pellham Gods Power 6 Some of our companie..were perswaded, to wend about the Boates head the second time, unto the Southwards.
1631 E. Pellham Gods Power 7 We wended the Shallop..unto the Northward.
1635 High Court of Admiralty Exam. 22 Oct. 52 The Neptune being then newly wended from the Shoare.
1811 H. Taylor Instr. for Young Mariners in Mem. Princ. Events 72 If at any time the anchor-watch..should wend [1792 wind] the ship..he should immediately..oblige the crew to heave the anchor in.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. vi. 83 He hauled to the launch, and wending her bow to the privateer, directed her carronade..to where the Frenchmen were crowded the thickest.
1883 H. Witcomb & E. Tiret Dict. Termes de Marine I. 676 Virer cap pour cap, to wind, to wend the ship, the boat.
1974 M. Frost Boadicea CK 213 xx. 185 They wended her with consummate artistry and each time contrived to get her round and away with barely a sail ruffled.
II. To go, proceed, and related senses. Now somewhat literary.
8.
a. transitive (reflexive). To betake oneself; to make one's way, (now) esp. in an unhurried manner or by an indirect route. Frequently with adverb or prepositional phrase.In Old English with reflexive pronoun in the accusative or (as with other verbs of motion) in the dative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]
wendeOE
meteOE
drawc1175
flitc1175
do?c1225
kenc1275
teemc1275
movec1300
graitha1325
dightc1330
redec1330
windc1330
yieldc1330
dressa1375
raikc1400
winc1400
pass?a1425
get1492
tirec1540
flitch?1567
frame1576
betake1639
rely1641
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 893 Þa se cyning hine þa west wende.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlii. 24 He wende hine lithwon fram him & weop.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1006 Wendon him ða andlang Æscesdune to Cwichelmeshlæwe.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11320 Forrþ rihht se iesuss fullhtnedd wass He wennde him inn till wesste.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 215 Þo kinges hem wenten and hi seghen þo sterre þet yede bi fore hem.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5693 Þir wimmen went þam ham a-gain.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. met. xii. l. 3035 He wente hym to þe houses of helle.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 420 Quene Isode walked into the foreste to put away hir thoughtes, and there she wente hirselff unto a welle and made grete moone.
a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 30 He went hym to þe kyng henry, & hym swith be-soght [etc.].
1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xii. 11/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II He thought long yer he could wend himselfe ouer into Ireland.
1606 R. Pricket Times Anotomie sig. G3v From of Romes shore, my Muse her selfe doth wend, And would her course vnto Great Briton bend.
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 163 I know it stands us upon to wend us hence assoone as we conveniently can.
1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 12 Aug. (1998) 209 I went to breakfast at Chiefswood and after that affair was happily transacted I wended me merrily to the Black Cock Stripe.
1898 W. P. Ryan Literary London 25 After these careless, go-as-you-please excursions, he wended him homeward to his study, and the deliberate artistic mood came upon him.
1918 Asia Oct. 844/1 With muttered imprecations against all Anglaizis the wrathful Seid wended him to Bet Germani.
1987 Times of India 31 July 17/3 The procession would wend itself through the main thoroughfares.
b. intransitive. Of a person, animal, or group: to go, proceed; to journey, travel; to make one's way, (now) esp. in an unhurried manner or by an indirect route. Frequently with adverb or prepositional phrase.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 999 He[r] com se here eft abutan into Temese & wendon þa up andlang Medewægan to Hrofeceastre.
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 205 Þa ðær wendon forð wlance þegenas, unearge men efston georne.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 86 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 165 He ane is eure an ilche stude, wende þer þu wende.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 79 Ho him ferwundeden..and wenden forð.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14731 At Tanette he com hider in. & swa he up is iwend.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 823 Þo þis king adde iwend aboute in such soruol cas Attelaste he com to carric.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3338 Men..wendeþ ouȝt wiȝtli & wiþ ȝour fon meteþ.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvi. l. 161 And bere hit in þy bosom abowte wher [MS wer] þou wendest.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 1683 And thurgh the strete men myghte ride or wende.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 675 The knyȝt & al the felisship, forward gon þey wende.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 427 Collegians wenden out & prechen & quykenen many partis of englond.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii Than schir gawine ye gay Prayt for ye iournay yt he myght furth weynd.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7 Then mounted he vpon his Steede againe, And with the Lady backward sought to wend.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. xxxii. 219 Downe from the tree I came in hast, And tooke thee vp and on my iourney wend.
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 13 Whither away wend you so late?
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iii. 76 Then care away, and wend along with me. View more context for this quotation
1725 Coll. Old Ballads III. 197 His sport then he ends, And joyfully wends Home again to his Cottage.
1775 J. Tait Land of Liberty i. xlvi. 23 The hero saw, amaz'd, A crowd of nobles o'er the country wend.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. ii. 11 The Merovingian Kings, slowly wending on their bullock-carts, through the streets of Paris.
1850 ‘Sylvanus’ Bye-lanes & Downs ii. 21 This ‘racing-man’..to whose cottage I was wending so pleasantly.
1932 J. McCarter Pan's Clan 155 Animal life began to wend towards the shade of fence posts.
1978 D. Cecil Portrait of Jane Austen iii. ix. 198 She watched..the funeral procession wend slowly out of sight.
1991 Backpacker Oct. 29/2 We wend down the glacier on a sinuous snow sidewalk.
c. intransitive. Of a material or immaterial thing: to move, flow, or run in a specified course or direction; to go, proceed. Frequently with adverb or prepositional phrase.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)]
goeOE
wendOE
runOE
stretchc1400
strike1456
extend1481
point?1518
address1523
passc1550
tend1574
trend1598
conduce1624
direct1665
verge1726
shape1769
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > move in a certain direction [verb (intransitive)]
goeOE
wendOE
makeOE
aim?a1400
to make one's waya1425
reflect1547
work1566
to make up1596
path1597
sway1600
tend1648
vergea1661
steer1693
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > go or lead (of a road or path) [verb (intransitive)] > stretch in a continuous line
wendOE
ribbon1908
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 246 Þa wende þæt fyr forð mid þam winde to anum þære huse, þe þær gehendost stod.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 16 Þet water sonæ wende [OE Cambr. Ii.4.6 gewende] of þam fixnoðe.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 862 (MED) Ower wop wendeð al on ow seoluen, lest ȝe eft wepen echeliche in helle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14929 Alse þet water Desse wendeð into þere sæ.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 179 Fos me clupeþ þilke wei þat bi mani a god toun deþ wende.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Eccles. i. 7 Þe se redoundeþ not, to þe place whennes þe floodis wenten out þei turnen aȝeen.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 37 (MED) As wide as þe werd was went worde of þaire teching.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1271 Þou hase so ferr to ryde Þat þe sonn sall be went doune Or þou come whider þou ert boune.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 80 And þanne it [sc. the blood] wendys vp to þe haterell.
?1537 Hugh of Caumpedene tr. Hist. Kyng Boccus sig. Z.jv Whan some [stars] go doune, some vp are went With meuyng of the fyrmament.
1593 R. S. Phœnix Nest 45 My thoughts would burie endles things in art: Mine eie, my hart, my thoughts, wend all awrie.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvi. 123 That assist Her weaker wandring Streame tow'rds Yorkeshire as she wends.
1653 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes I. i. i. 1 These affrighting flames, being blown by the bellowes of an impetuous winde, did oft times wend toward the Town.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xi. 285 Adieu, and may the blessing of God wend with you!
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 230 A river wending towards a portal of black rock.
1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses iii. 99 The hero started, as the tremors wend Through every vein.
1900 H. Buxon Our Remarkable Fledger xx. 299 Across the eastern meads, apart, the river curved and sparkled, as it wended away to the lonely pool.
1936 F. Clune Roaming round Darling xiv. 123 The trail..wended down the Barwon, branching off at the various blazed tree-lines to the numerous creeks.
1995 G. Greeno Exiles' Return 286 Her mother..seemed aware where her younger daughter's thoughts wended.
d. transitive. To travel or follow (a particular way or course). Chiefly in to wend one's way: to make one's way, to proceed, (now) esp. in an unhurried manner, or by an indirect route.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]
thinkeOE
bowa1000
seta1000
scritheOE
minlOE
turnc1175
to wend one's wayc1225
ettlec1275
hieldc1275
standc1300
to take (the) gatec1330
bear?c1335
applyc1384
aim?a1400
bend1399
hita1400
straighta1400
bounc1400
intendc1425
purposec1425
appliquec1440
stevenc1440
shape1480
make1488
steera1500
course1555
to make out1558
to make in1575
to make for ——a1593
to make forth1594
plyc1595
trend1618
tour1768
to lie up1779
head1817
loop1898
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 6 As he wende adei his wei, seh þis seli meiden Margarete.
?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) l. 350 Nimeþ ȝoure wepnen & wendeþ ȝoure wai.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1429 Eliezer is went his wei.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3950 To madian lond wente he his ride.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6182 (MED) Godd badd þam wildrin wai to wend, Ar philistiens suld wit þam mete And lett þam for to wend þair strete.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10365 Quen þou again sal wend þi gate, þou sal mete..þi wijf anna.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 153 (MED) Þei..maken þe peple..to wende þe weie to helle whanne þei wenen to goo to heuene.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 409 He is resen and wente his..way.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 115 He that schall wend soche a wey, Yt were nede for hym to pray.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Hh5v The turning of Zelmanes eye, was a strong sterne enough to all their motions, wending no way, but as the inchaunting force of it; guided them.
1610 R. Tofte tr. N. de Montreux Honours Acad. 228 He attendeth for nothing else, to the end he may with a more braue courage wend his way, to put in practise the same.
1658 J. Davies tr. H. D'Urfé Astrea III. 115 Yet not to slight it, he wended his course towards the Boyers and Ambaries.
1765 T. Percy Reliques II. iii. 312 Another call'd him thriftless loone, And bade him sharpely wend his way.
1770 G. A. Stevens Court of Alexander i. 19 Our Royal Word is Promenade, And we will wend our Way in Grand Parade.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 78 Now back they wend their watery way.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxii. 340 Mr. Weller turned, and began wending his way towards Leadenhall Market.
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) viii. §394 On the Australian side, an ice-bearing current is found wending its way from the Antarctic regions.
1883 Chambers's Jrnl. 523 Clear water fareways, by which the fishermen wend a speedy course from point to point.
1910 Eau Claire (Wisconsin) Sunday Leader 12 June 5/2 Darby wended a melancholy way to the bench.
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 47 Slowly and cautiously, with the officer leading, they began to wend their way out under their own entanglements.
1991 Premiere Aug. 20/4 The process by which a script wends its way from office to bedside.
2011 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 27 Mar. (Travel section) 8/1 We wended our way through picnicking Parisians.
e. intransitive. To go to a specified place or thing for an implied purpose. Frequently in to wend to bed, to wend to church (also kirk). Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 221 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 225 Þe monekes wende to bedde & slepe, þo soper was ido.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 19046 [P]etre and iohn..went to kirc to make þair bone.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 72 When þay had waschen worþyly, þay wenten to sete, Þe best burne ay abof.
c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne l. 161 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 865 And whenne it drowȝe to þe nyȝte he wendeth to bedde.
1797 T. Park Sonnets 105 Supperless to bed, the plunderers wend, And feast upon the pleasant dreams which on deceit attend.
1838 E. B. Barrett Seraphim & Other Poems 139 Till Isobel its mother said ‘The fever waneth—wend to bed—And mine the watch shall be.’
1911 Methodist Rev. Mar. 321 They wend to dinners whose price would educate an orphan. They wend to church where they call themselves ‘miserable sinners’.
†f. transitive. To go on (a voyage, errand, etc.). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13087 Nu yee sal mine erand wend, Til þat gret lauerding iesu.
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 174 (MED) On þe Holy Thursday, as þe sayd creatur went processyon wyth oþer pepil.
a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Chetham) l. 92 Thou shalte a message wend.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Di She was alone Unwayted on great vyages to wende..In desert land.
g. transitive. To cause to move; to direct.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)]
intend?1504
direct1526
pointc1531
level1594
present1769
wenda1839
a1839 T. H. Bayly Songs, Ballads & Other Poems (1844) II. 68 Mary left her governess, and to the boys she came To help her brother wend his kite, or look at Edward's boat.
1899 E. Waugh tr. M. Mrazovic Selam 183 Undecided whither to wend his steps in order to obey Meira's behest, he mechanically passed down the street.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xiv. 113 The hero, for he would not urge his steeds, In Britons' press, nor more might wend his war-cart, Would have leapt down to battle on his feet.
1917 C. F. Burton Call of Mate ix. 72 Soon a second trail wended him about through the chaparral to the right.
1999 R. Hobb Mad Ship (2000) 47 It [sc. a log] is too long to wend it down the corridors to get it outside.
2011 D. Winslow Satori cxxxi. 427 Bay skillfully wended his chopsticks to pick out the delicate pieces of fish.
†9.
a. intransitive. To go away; to leave, depart. Frequently with adverb, as out, hence. Cf. to wend away 1a at Phrasal verbs. Obsolete.Often difficult to distinguish from sense 8b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]
to come awayeOE
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
awayOE
dealc1000
goOE
awendOE
rimeOE
to go one's wayOE
flitc1175
depart?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
to turn awaya1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
recede1450
roomc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
avaunt1549
trudge1562
vade?1570
discoast1571
leave1593
wag1594
to go off1600
troop1600
hence1614
to set on one's foota1616
to pull up one's stumps1647
quit1811
to clear out1816
slope1830
to walk one's chalks1835
shove1844
to roll out1850
to pull out1855
to light out1859
to take a run-out powder1909
to push off (also along)1923
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. v. 89 He for ðæm ege his unwillum þonan wende & ham for.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1006 Þa wæs se cyning gewend ofer Temese into Scrobbesbyrigscire.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 127 As ofte as ich eauer wes he seið bimong men. ich wende from heom [L. recessi] lesse mon þenne ich ear wes.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 41 Witeð þer ouwer echnen leoste þe heorte et fleo. & wende vt.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8770 To þere sæ beoð iwende [c1300 Otho iwend] Gillomar & Passen.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 840 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 130 Þo þov wendest of his seruise he ne Axede þe no-þing.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 623 He and hise wif wenten ut fre.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2599 Þo hii were alle henne ywend.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 329 Seþþe þou schalt hennes wende, whanne þou komest to kourt..bere þe boxumly & bonure.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14186 Yee sal Vnto Iude weind wit me nu.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 75 Hom to Surrye been they went ful fayn.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 21 In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay Redy to weenden on my pilgrymage.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 119 Whan an unclene spirit is went out from a man.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 53 Þanne weren from hem went wifis and children.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 1623 Er thow hens wende, Thow shalt hit know, begynnyng & ende.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 73 The kepars of the castell caghten þere armys Wentton out wightly the water to kepe.
1591 (?a1425) Resurrection (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 352 (MED) Be not afrayde of us in fere for he ys wente, withowten were.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. iii. 142 Wend you with this Letter. View more context for this quotation
b. intransitive. To depart from life; to die. Usually with adverb or prepositional phrase, as to wend from (also †of) life, to wend hence, to wend out of this world, to wend to death, to wend to heaven, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
eOE Metres of Boethius (partly from transcript of damaged MS) (2009) xviii. 11 Swa sceal sawla gehwilc siððan losian,..bute him ær cume hreow to heortan ær he hionan wende.
OE Blickling Homilies 195 Forþon ure yldran swultan & swiþe oft us from wendan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7620 Læt nu þin þeoww. Vt off þiss weorelld wendenn.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8426 & siþþenn shall all cristess hird Wiþþ crist till heoffne wendenn.
a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 90 Not no man..þe ende hwanne he scal heþen wenden.
c1275 Lutel Soth Serm. (Calig.) 26 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 186 Alle bac-biteres wendet [a1300 Jesus Oxf. wendeþ] to helle.
c1300 St. Andrew (Harl.) 98 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 546 Þat liȝt ileste iwis Forte þe holi soule wende þerwiþ to heuene blis.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3884 Aaron ðo wente of liwe ðor.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 152 (MED) For þe same Mesure þat ȝe Meten A-mis oþer elles, Ȝe schul be weyen þer-with whon ȝe wenden hennes.
c1390 Swete Ihesu Now (Vernon) l. 107 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 13 (MED) Preye for me..Whon my soule is from me went Þat hit haue good Iuggement.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. l. 269 Ȝif I..for here werkis & for here wyt wende to pyne, Þanne wrouȝte I vnwisly.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 605 God ȝyue vs grace, or we be went, To kepe þys fyrst comaundment.
?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 136 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 183 Lord god, shal y now die, and hennes weende?
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2876 Whan þat he is out of þis worlde went.
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 55 (MED) Þe whylk, yf þay dyde wele, myght wend To blys þat es with-outyn end.
?a1475 Lessons of Dirige (Douce) l. 652 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 142 But oute of the world sone shal I wende.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 406 All oure saules ar wente And none ar in hell.
?a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Sheep & Dog l. 1264 in Poems (1981) 52 And efter deith to lestand panis wend.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cviv Quhasa with wourschip sall of this warld wende.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iv. sig. Qviiiv Euery day my Sonne, Memento Mori And watt not quhen, nor quhare yt thow sal wend.
1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. E.iiii The enuyous fates..in the mydst of all his toyle, dyd force hym hence to wende.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 13 Grant vs grace, quhen we sall die, And fra this present lyfe we wend.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. lxx. 227 But when he saw her gentle soul was went.
1606 Threnodia in Obitum D. Edouardi Lewkenor 41 The Soueraigne Maiesties decree, Which bids me bring your liues all to one end, And send to Hell such as to Heauen will not wend.
1724 A. Ramsay Ever Green I. 268 We knaw the End, that all maun wend Away nakit and bare, With an O and an I, And a Wretch fall haif nae mair.
a1799 G. L. Way tr. P. J.-B. Legrand d'Aussy Fabliaux (1800) II. App. 250 As the wretch to death who wends, Deems that his march too quickly ends.
1800 G. Hoghton Eliza 12 Regrettest thou from this gloomy earth I wend, Where joys ecstatic rule the raptured hour?
c. intransitive. To cease to exist or be present; to come to an end. Cf. to wend away 1b at Phrasal verbs. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear
formeltc893
wendOE
witea1000
aworthc1000
fleec1200
fleetc1200
withdraw1297
vanish1303
voidc1374
unkithea1400
startc1405
disappearc1425
disparishc1425
to fall awayc1443
evanish?a1475
vade1495
sinka1500
vade1530
fly1535
fadea1538
melt?1567
dispear1600
relinquish1601
foist1603
dispersea1616
to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616
dissipate1626
retire1647
evaporate1713
merge1802
illude1820
to foam off1826
dislimn1833
furl1844
to step out1844
evanesce1855
shade1880
wisp1883
to go to the winds1884
walk1898
to do a disappearing act1913
to go west1916
to do (or take) a fade1949
to phase out1970
the world > time > relative time > the past > [verb (intransitive)] > is gone past
wendOE
wearc1420
go1791
OE Guthlac A 57 Gesihð he þa domas dogra gehwylce wonian ond wendan of woruldryhte ða he gesette þurh his sylfes word.
a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 54 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 126 Vine [read Wi ne] auedestu þe bi þout þat..þine uerkes, hal solde uende to nout.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 913 (MED) Wanne hit [sc. sorrow] is wente, Sire king, ȝef me mi rente.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 88 I wol do my diligence To konne it al er Cristemasse is went.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2161 The grete townes se we wane and wende.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 444 My age is went, I feyll no fray.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 71v Wintur was went.
1568 R. Henryson in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 138 Quhen thy manheid sall wendin as the mone.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. F6v She temperates Her starrie orb, makes her bright forms to wend Even as she list.
†10. intransitive. To descend, come down; to fall. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > fall off
wendc1300
flit1430
unhorse1583
to be floored1826
to come (fall, get) a cropper1858
to come (also have) a buster1874
to come off1874
volunteer1890
to take a toss1917
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position > specifically of person or animal
to light lowc1225
wendc1300
to seek to the earth or groundc1330
tumblea1375
stretchc1400
to take a fall1413
to blush to the eartha1500
to come down1603
to go to grassa1640
to be floored1826
to take a spilla1845
to come (fall, get) a cropper1858
to hunt grass1872
to come (also have) a buster1874
to hit the deck1954
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) l. 626 (MED) At þe furste dunte Hys heued of gan wente.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11612 Whenne Ihesus say hem drad so be, He went doun of [a1400 Vesp. lighted of] his modir kne.
c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne l. 302 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 870 What yf grace be we to grownde wenden?
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 28 Eythir smote othir so that horse and man wente to the erthe.
†11.
a. intransitive. To go about one's business; to busy oneself; to proceed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)]
playOE
wendc1325
wallowc1380
busyc1384
plya1393
walka1400
stickle1566
to ply it1582
bebusied1603
to work overtime1938
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > proceed or carry on an action [verb (intransitive)] > get on well or badly
farec1000
speeda1122
wendc1325
hapc1350
wieldc1384
frame1509
shift?1533
to make out1776
to get on1861
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 4063 For ȝif we in þisse manere wendeþ, we ne fayleþ on none wyse þat we ne wolleþ abbe þe maistrie, wanne we defendȝ vre franchise.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21843 (MED) Ilk dai in werr we weind.
c1450 Complaynt d'Amours (Fairf. 16) f. 198v Euer haue I ben and shal, how so I wende Outher to lyve or dye, your humble trewe.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1522 Fawnus had so goon a-bout, I-turned & I-went, That he had brouȝt his sone to-fore þe Emperour.
b. intransitive. To go about in a specified state or condition; to live in a specified way. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > bodily movement > move the body or a member [verb (intransitive)] > move as a living being > in a certain state
wendc1400
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 135 (MED) Hou plenteuous was hure wepinge, þat sufficede to weshe þe fet of a pore man þat wente bare fot.
a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) 476 We war vnclene, ȝe ken, hale thurgh his word we wend.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 34 Nouht welde we now, but naked we wende.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to wend away
1. intransitive.
a. To go away; to leave, to depart. Cf. sense 9a. Now rare (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 96 Se halga wer..wende ða aweg mid his gebroðrum fram ðære stowe.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12528 Þe deofell wennde aweȝȝ anan.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. l. 82 Þe iewes knewe hemseluen Gultier..and wenten awey for schame.
a1500 Whate-ever thow Sey (Trin. Cambr. O.9.38) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 357 Whan he fro the ys wente A-way.
1596 P. Colse Penelopes Complaint sig. Bv My bedfellow, my friend and pheere, Vlysses mine is wend away.
c1650 (?a1500) Sir Lambewell l. 578 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 162 She..obayd her to the King soe hind, & tooke leaue away to wend.
1771 T. Percy Hermit of Warkworth iii. 34 They rudely drove me from the gate, And bade me wend away.
1889 W. Morris Tale House of Wolfings ii. 11 We wend away to-morrow ere the Sun is noon-tide high.
1908 E. D. A. Morshead tr. Aeschylus Seven against Thebes in Four Plays of Aeschylus 131 When champions wend away, I shudder, lest, from out the fray, Only their blood-stained wrecks be sent!
†b. To cease to exist or be present; to come to an end. Cf. sense 9c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > be non-existent [verb (intransitive)] > end or cease to exist
tirec725
endOE
forfareOE
goc1175
fleec1200
to wend awayc1225
diea1240
to-melta1240
to pass awaya1325
flit1340
perishc1350
vanisha1375
decorre1377
cease1382
dispend1393
failc1400
overshakec1425
surcease1439
adrawc1450
fall1523
decease1538
define1562
fleet1576
expire1595
evanish1597
extinguish1599
extirp1606
disappear1623
evaporatea1631
trans-shift1648
annihilate1656
exolve1657
cancela1667
to pass off1699
to burn out, forth1832
spark1845
to die out1853
to come, go, etc. by the board1859
sputter1964
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 722 (MED) Þis worlt went [c1225 Royal weint] awei as þe weater þe eorneð.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 124 To world is wel nab þou no triste. Hit went awei, so doþ þe miste.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1640 Al rightwisnes awai es went.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 18 When al þe welþ of þis word is went from hem away.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d As all his welthis in warld had bene away went.
1538 Bible (Coverdale) Luke ix. B Ye day had begonne to wende awaye.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 4142 in Wks. (1931) I For, siclyke as the snaw doith melt in May,..Thir gret Impyris rychtso ar went away.
1568 Tayis Bank l. 42 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) III. 297 Wod Winter with his wallowand wynd but weir away wes went.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 118 This being done, the well away sall went.
†2. transitive. To take away, remove. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away
ateec885
withbreidec890
animOE
overbearOE
to do awayOE
flitc1175
reavec1175
takec1175
to have away?a1300
to draw awayc1300
weve13..
to wend awaya1325
withdrawa1325
remuec1325
to carry away1363
to take away1372
waive1377
to long awaya1382
oftakec1390
to draw offa1398
to do froa1400
forflitc1420
amove?a1425
to carry out?a1425
surtrayc1440
surtretec1440
twistc1440
abstract1449
ostea1450
remove1459
ablatea1475
araisea1475
redd1479
dismove1480
diminish?1504
convey1530
alienate1534
retire1536
dimove1540
reversec1540
subtractc1540
submove1542
sublate1548
pare1549
to pull in1549
exempt1553
to shift off1567
retract?1570
renversec1586
aufer1587
to lay offa1593
rear1596
retrench1596
unhearse1596
exemea1600
remote1600
to set off1600
subduct1614
rob1627
extraneize1653
to bring off1656
to pull back1656
draft1742
extract1804
reef1901
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2613 Egipte wimmen..boden ðe childe [t]etten [MS letten] ðer, Oc he wente it awei wið rem.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 10 (MED) Oway I will it wende full wyght.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 11 (MED) Now sene þe erthe þus ordand es..to growe with gres, and wedis þat sone away bese went.
† to wend down
Obsolete.
transitive. To overthrow, destroy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)]
to bring to noughteOE
forspillc893
fordilghec900
to bring to naughtOE
astryea1200
stroyc1200
forferec1275
misdoa1325
destroyc1330
naught1340
dingc1380
beshenda1400
devoida1400
unshapea1400
to wend downa1400
brittenc1400
unloukc1400
perishc1426
defeat1435
unmake1439
lithc1450
spend1481
kill1530
to shend ofc1540
quade1565
to make away1566
discreate1570
wrake1570
wracka1586
unwork1587
gaster1609
defease1621
unbe1624
uncreate1633
destructa1638
naufragate1648
stifle1725
stramash1788
disannul1794
destructify1841
locust1868
to knock out1944
dick1972
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn
to-warpc888
overwarpeOE
fallOE
cumber1303
overthrowc1375
overturna1382
subverta1382
overwalta1400
sinka1400
to wend downa1400
tuyrec1400
reverse1402
tirvec1420
pervert?a1425
to put downa1425
cumrayc1425
downthringc1430
overthwart?a1439
thringc1480
subvertise1484
succumb1490
renverse1521
precipitate?1528
everta1538
wrake1570
ruinate1590
profligate1643
wreck1749
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) ix. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 140 Þair cites doune dide þou wende.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† wendv.2

Etymology: < wend(e, obsolete past tense and participle of ween v.
Obsolete.
intransitive. To think, suppose.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (intransitive)]
understandc1000
movea1325
thinka1533
imagine1579
wend1581
s'pose1632
surmise1820
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 63 And that now of his enterprise none of them all should wende, He caused his souldiours hap him wel with buckler and with targe.
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxix. 39 Hir freindis ay weindis To caus hir to revok.
a1650 Merline 1280 in Percy Folio MS. I. 462 See yee nought the young man that the shoone hath bought? he wendes to liue them to weare.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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