Whign.²adj.

Brit.

/wɪɡ/, U.S.

/(h)wɪɡ/

Forms: 1600s Whige, 1600s–1700s Wig, 1600s–1700s Wigg, 1600s–1800s Whigg, 1600s– Whig, 1700s Quick (English regional (Northumberland)), 1700s–1800s Quig (English regional (Northumberland)); also Scottish pre-1700 Uhig, pre-1700 Uig, pre-1700 Whigh, pre-1700 Whigue.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: whiggamore n.

Etymology: Shortened < whiggamore n.Compare the following, which N.E.D. (1923) cited as the earliest sense of this word, defined as ‘a yokel, country bumpkin’:a1661 I. Tullie Narr. Siege of Carlisle (1840) 3 And needs he [sc. Leslie] would retreat to Newcastle, till great Barwise set himself first into the water; and the rest, following him, so frighted y^e fresh water countrie whiggs, y^t all of them answered the Motto, veni, vidi, fugi.a1682 J. Gwynne Mil. Mem. (1822) ii. 90 Most of them were no souldiers, but countrey bumkins, there called Whigs.The exact sense of the word in each of these quots. and their connection with each other and with Whig n.² is unclear. Both can be interpreted as showing a derogatory term for a countryman, but while quot. a1682 (by an English author) does refer to Covenanters in Scotland (compare sense A. 1), the reference in quot. a1661 is to untrained (‘freshwater’) local recruits in Cumberland in the English Civil War, who are opposing a force supported by the Covenanters. It is possible that both independently reflect an earlier shortening of whiggamore n. in an unattested, more general sense (see the discussion at that entry). Alternative etymological suggestion. An 18th cent. suggestion that Whig n.² is the same word as whig n.¹ (based on the assumption that sour milk was a common drink among the poor) cannot be substantiated, and probably shows an attempt to explain the word through folk etymology.

Now historical.

A. n.²

1. Scottish. A nickname for: an adherent or supporter of the National Covenant of 1638; a Covenanter; (more generally) an adherent of the Presbyterian cause in Scotland, esp. in the 17th cent.; (later also) a strict or extreme Presbyterian. Cf. whiggamore n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [noun] > person

disciplinarian1591

disciplinary1593

consistorian1606

Presbyterian1606

kirkmana1645

presbyter1647

presbyterial1647

Presbyterialist1647

Kirker1651

Kirkist1652

whiggamore1654

Whig1657

scaldabancoa1670

cloak-man1680

Presbyteera1708

Knoxian1714

blue skin1790

Auld Kirker1856

bluenose1861

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > specific Scottish party > members of specific Scottish parties

resolutioner1655

Whig1657

fundie1995

1657 in J. Campbell Balmerino (1867) 213 [Having] fallen in among the Whigs of Kilmany.

1666 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 452 The Generall having marched towards the West, he took and killed sindrie persones, callit The Whigs.

1679 in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. 163 The Whiggs horse and foot fell in pell, mell, upon the Dragoons.

1683 Sir J. Grahame Let. 9 June in Clavers, Despot's Champion (1889) xii. 142 I am as sorry to see a man day, even a whigue, as any of themselfs.

1708 Reg. St. Andrew's Church Newcastle Nov. in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 424 The Quigs buring-place, near the Swirll in Sidgatt.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 Those in the west [of Scotland] come in the summer to buy at Lieth the stores that come from the north: And from a word Whiggam, used in driving their horses all that drove were called the Whiggamors, and shorter the Whiggs.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Whig, by rigid Episcopalians, it is still given to Presbyterians in general; and, in the West of S[cotland], even by the latter, to those who, in a state of separation from the established church, profess to adhere more strictly to Presbyterian principles.

1888 M. Morris Claverhouse ix. 159 The men of the hill-sides and moorlands of the West, the wild Western Whigs, who feared..the name of Claverhouse.

1976 Historian 38 474 Since the abortive rising of the Westland Whigs in 1679, Scottish Covenanters had suffered severely.

1998 N. von Maltzahn in D. Armitage et al. Milton & Republicanism (new ed.) 232 The distinction may be illustrated with reference to the original Whigs, those Scottish Covenanters after whom the English party was named.

a. A person who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s. Opposed to Tory n. 2. Cf. exclusion n. 1c. Now historical.During the 1690s merging into sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig > as supporting Exclusion Bill

Whig1678

Brummagem1681

Birmingham1682

Teckelite1683

1678 Excellent Ballad Tom Tory & Toney Whigg (single sheet) The Tory's Name was Lashing Tom; The Whigg was called Toney; And yet the Urchin, most Men say, Wants neither Wit nor Money.

1679 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 431 After the breaking out of the popish plot severall of our scholars were tried and at length were discovered to be whiggs, viz...Georg Reynell of C.C.C., looked upon as alwayes a round-head.

1681 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 124 The latter party have been called by the former, whigs, fanaticks, covenanteers, bromigham protestants, &c.; and the former are called by the latter, tories, tantivies, Yorkists, high flown church men.

1682 Tories Confess. vi What pimping Whig shall dare controule, or check the lawfull Heir.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 652 In 1678..he closed with the Whiggs, supposing that party would carry all before them.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. (1876) II. xii. 439 It was in the year 1679 that the words Whig and Tory were first heard in their application to English factions.

1905 C. S. Terry Pentland Rising 84 The..controversies which cleft the Whigs in 1679, to the paralysis of serious military achievement, were absent in 1666.

1997 Eng. Hist. Rev. 112 301 Those who introduced them were called whigs by their opponents and were led, according to the conventional view, by the first Earl of Shaftesbury.

†b. figurative. A rebel; a traitor. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels

rebel1340

rebeller1398

revolter1576

revolt1585

rebellant1586

Whig1683

révolté1792

kicker1888

1683 J. Dryden Another Epil. in Prol. Duke of Guise sig. B2^v When Sighs and Pray'rs their Ladies cannot move, They Rail, write Treason, and turn Whiggs to love.

3. A member, supporter, or representative of the political party which constituted one of the two principal political factions or identities in Britain and its colonies from the years after the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the mid 19th cent., being the dominant political party for most of the 18th cent., and eventually being succeeded by the Liberal Party in the 1860s; an adherent of the principles, policies, etc., associated with this party; (in the late 19th cent. sometimes in dated use) a supporter of the Liberal Party, esp. one advocating a more conservative form of Liberalism. Opposed to Tory n. 3a. Now historical.Originally developing from the political faction which had attempted to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (see sense A. 2a), the Whigs were always associated with principles of constitutional government, limitation of the executive power of the Crown, and the Protestant succession to the throne. Additionally, the Whigs were typically viewed as the party of commerce, free trade, and economic expansion. In the later 18th and early 19th centuries the influence of the Radical movement (cf. Whig-Radical adj. and n.) and the challenge of a renewed Tory Party saw the Whigs become increasingly associated with progressive ideas, such as parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, and colonial self-government.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig

Whigster1682

Whig1693

truea1734

1693 C. Lawton Jacobite Princ. Vindicated 19 Some People..do not distinguish between the State and Religious Whigg... There are likewise many..who yet mostly, if not altogether, go to the Church of England; and yet both the one and the other of these are as much, or perhaps more nicely Whiggs in Civils, than are the Fanaticks, though not so generally called so.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. Pref. p. viii We have lived..to see the two great Parties, of late known by the Names of Whig and Tory, directly change their ground.

1711 J. Urmston Let. 7 July in Colonial Rec. N. Carolina (1886) I. 768 Sr. Nathanial Johnson being put out by the Whigs.

1713 R. Steele in Guardian 12 Mar. 2/2 I am, with Relation to the Government of the Church, a Tory, with Regard to the State, a Whig.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 All that opposed the Court came in contempt to be called Whiggs.

1741 D. Hume Parties Great Brit. in Ess. 131 A Whig may be defin'd to be a Lover of Liberty, tho' without renouncing Monarchy; and a Friend to the Settlement in the Protestant Line.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1778 II. 248 Johnson: ‘I have always said, the first Whig was the Devil.’ Boswell: ‘He certainly was, Sir. The Devil was impatient of subordination.’

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. vi. iii. 38 ‘I look upon an Orangeman,’ said Coningsby, ‘as a pure Whig.’

1852 Ld. J. Russell in S. Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell (1889) II. 156 (note) The term Whig..has the convenience of expressing in one syllable what Conservative Liberal expresses in seven; and Whiggism, in two syllables, means what Conservative Progress means in other six.

1883 Sat. Rev. 21 July 67/2 The Gladstonian Moderate, the ‘Whig’ as he is locally called, has ceased to have a reason for existence in Irish politics.

1965 Sc. Hist. Rev. 44 112 The ministry was composed of Revolution Whigs who had retained office from William's reign.

2005 L. G. Mitchell Whig World i. 1 Whigs seemed to hold no common ground. Every issue engendered new disagreements.

2018 Bristol Post (Nexis) 1 May Colston (a Tory) made no secret of his hatred of Whigs and religious dissenters.

4. U.S.

a. An American who supported the cause of independence from Britain during the American Revolution. Now historical.Originally a use of sense A. 3 in the specific context of American colonial politics.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > supporter of American cause

rebel1775

Whig1775

blue skin1777

revolutioner1794

1775 J. Thacher Mil. Jrnl. (1823) 12 The..majority..are united in resolution to oppose..the wicked attempts of the English Cabinet. This class of people have assumed the appellation of Whigs.

1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 6 June 240/1 A great battle is said to have been fought about the 1st May, between the ‘whigs’ of Caracos and ‘tories’ of Coro, the latter being aided by some ‘regulars’ from Porto Rico.

1884 A. Johnston Hist. Amer. Polit. (ed. 2) 6 As soon as independence was announced, in 1776, to be the final object of the contest, the names Whig and Tory lost, in America, whatever of British significance they had ever possessed.

2017 Libr. Jrnl. Rev. (Nexis) 1 May Anderson successfully documents not only the injustices done to colonists by the British, but also the mistreatment of loyalists by the Whigs, a subject that is often overlooked.

b. A member of a political party formed in 1834 in opposition to the Democratic Party, acting as the principal rival to the Democrats in presidential elections of the 1840s, but ceasing to attract widespread support by the mid 1850s, when it was superseded by the Republican Party, many of whose original members had been Whigs. Now historical.The party arose in response to perceived excessive growth of executive power during the presidency of Andrew Jackson (1829–37), the name being taken by analogy with Whigs who resisted growth in the executive power of the Crown during the Stuart period (see sense A. 3) and the American Revolution (see sense A. 4a). It favoured an active economic role for federal government, including high protective tariffs and the creation of a national bank.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > member of Whig party

Whig1834

1834 Niles' Weekly Reg. 12 Apr. 101/2 In New York and Connecticut the term ‘whigs’ is now used by the opponents of the administration when speaking of themselves, and they call the ‘Jackson men’ by the offensive name of ‘tories’.

1839 Congress. Globe Jan. App. 105/1 In 1796,..Whig..was synonymous with Democrat,..or, in the Federal language of the times, was fit for the common people;..but now for political effect, the same party have taken the term Whig to themselves.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. liii. 340 The majesty and beneficent activity of the National government..was generally in fact represented by the Federalists of the first period, the Whigs of the second, the Republicans of the third.

2021 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 14 Feb. 6 a/5 Today's two major parties have framed political competition since the middle of the 19th century, since the Republicans rose from the rubble of the Whigs.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Whigs (in various senses), esp. the Whig Party in Britain or the United States; characterized by, advocating, or supporting the principles, policies, or practices of the Whig Party.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [adjective]

consistorial1561

disciplinarian1591

presbyterial1591

consistorian1593

Presbyterian1607

Scotized1622

Scotican1647

presbyteral1651

Scotic1656

Whig1661

blue-nosed1844

Knoxian1905

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > of or relating to Whigs

Whig1661

true blue1663

Whiggish1680

low-flying1706

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [adjective] > supporting American side in War of Independence

Whig1768

1661 Charge High Treason against Marquess of Argyle 11 The said Marquess..stamping with his foot did vaunt himself, saying, That he was the onely man that plotted the rising of the Forces in the West, terming the same the Whig-rode, which proved the main cause of our ruine.

1681 J. C. Gyant whipt by his Godmother (single sheet) (verso) Thou frivolous, foolish, Dialoguing Whig-Tail Observator, farewel and be hang'd.

1681 Heraclitus Ridens 6 Sept. 1/1 Oh there's a thick Disguise they say upon Affairs, and unless you have a pair of Whig-spectacles, there's no seeing through it.

1683 J. Dryden Vindication 22 As for Knave, and Sycophant, and Rascal, and Impudent, and Devil, and old Serpent,..I take them to be only names of Parties: And cou'd return Murtherer and Cheat, and Whig-napper.

1719 T. Gordon Char. Independent Whig (ed. 2) 19 Let them not..give up Whig Boroughs into Jacobite Hands.

1732 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life & Death D. Cargill 207 They cried ‘Take up the old damn'd Whig-Bitch.’

1768 Boston Gaz. 21 Mar. 3/1 May the best of Heaven's Blessings ever attend the Whig Cause.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. I. 260 Free and safe as a whig baillie on the causeway of his own borough, or a canting presbyterian minister in his own pulpit.

1837 S. Smith Let. to Singleton in Wks. (1859) II. 276/2 Lord John Russell, the Whig leader.

1839 J. G. Whittier Prose Wks. (1889) II. 323 The late Whig defeat in New York.

1912 G. O. Trevelyan George III & Fox I. 292 A rallying point for the hardy Whig militiamen of the Carolinas.

2006 Tablet 14 Oct. 26/3 The family was in the Whig tradition, always on the side of progress, schmoozing up to Garibaldi in one generation and Stalin in the next.

2. Designating a historian or historiography favourable or biased towards the Whig Party and its principles, esp. in viewing the development of the British constitution as a triumph of those principles through a course of continued and inevitable progress, culminating in and underlying Britain's global commercial and colonial pre-eminence in the 19th cent.; (more generally) designating any historiography which or historian who interprets past events in terms of progress towards the present state of things, typically where this present state is viewed as preferable or desirable. Usually depreciative.Now frequently in Whig interpretation of history, Whig view of history, esp. after Herbert Butterfield's polemical historiographical monograph on the subject (see quot. 1931).

ΚΠ

1729 Monthly Catal. Oct. 116/1 His last famous Work, intitled, The History of England, under the respective Reigns of the Royal Family of the Stuarts, are fully exposed; and divers Historical Facts set in a true Light, and rescued from the Misrepresentations of that Whig Historian.

1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. II. ii. 142 A whig history would be as ridiculous as a tory one: the only point in history is to narrate facts, not to build systems, for human affairs are never systematic.

1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn 437 Every one is conscious of the animus which pervades the last Whig history.

1924 G. B. Shaw St. Joan Pref. p. x Her [sc. Joan's] ideal biographer..must understand the Middle Ages..much more intimately than our Whig historians have ever understood them.

1931 H. C. Butterfield Whig Interpr. Hist. i. 6 The truth is that there is a tendency for all history to veer over into whig history.

1935 History 19 315 In schools we are always in danger of presenting a Whig interpretation of history.

1967 Past & Present Apr. 88 The great political values, so often associated with the Whig view of history—representative government, civil and religious liberty, equality before the law—were platitudes accepted on all sides.

2017 Social Sci. Hist. 41 255 You don't have to be a Whig historian to discern progress in the socioeconomic status of women in the United States since the eighteenth century.

Compounds

C1.

a. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which Whig expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in Whig-hating, Whig-loving (adjectives), Whig-hunting (adjective and noun), Whig-hater (noun), etc.

ΚΠ

1682 Heraclitus Ridens 25 Apr. 1/1 A Cause confounding, Whig-defeating..Dispensation.

1847 Cork Examiner 16 Aug. I publicly stand pledged to abandon the Repeal, and to become as thoroughly imperialized as any whig-hunting, Tory-hunting, Place-hunting whipper-snapper in existence.

1851 New Hampsh. Statesman 18 Apr. Some super serviceable Whig-hating Loco Focos from the free States.

1858 ‘M. Rochester’ Derby Ministry 47 Obtaining a majority of nearly two to one in a constituency still remarkable as one composed chiefly of the most Whig-loving pot-wallopers in all Somersetshire.

1867 R. H. Moncrieff Martyr Shepherd iv. 103 Can you not give the King's soldiers something to drink his Majesty's health in? 'Tis dry work this Whig hunting.

1885 Bell's Life in London 4 Apr. 3/1 His adhesion to the principles of old-fashioned Conservatism was as questionless and cordial as that of the Whig-hater.

1905 C. S. Terry Pentland Rising 2 The familiar Whig-hunting duty of Claverhouse.

2000 C. M. Snyder Union County, Pennsylvania (rev. ed.) x. 165/2 A Jacksonian Democrat and Whig hater, and a ladies' man.

b. As a modifier, with past participles, with the sense ‘by Whigs; with Whigs’, as in Whig-appointed, Whig-controlled, Whig-ridden, Whig-supported, etc. (adjectives).

ΚΠ

1832 B. Disraeli Let. 26 Dec. (1982) I. 314 The electors..agreed in the necessity of exerting themselves to prevent their town from becoming a Whig-ridden, a nomination borough.

1859 London Rev. Oct. 256 One would have thought that this trade had exploded for ever with the Whig-appointed Lord of the Treasury.

1966 F. P. Van der Voorde H. Fielding i. 13 The country had been precipitated into the vortex of continental war, which in the opinion of many, had been unduly protracted to serve the Whig funded interest.

1993 R. R. Dykstra Bright Radical Star iv. 71 In the 1846/7 general assembly, the Whig-controlled house resolved that [etc.]

2004 Eighteenth-Cent. Stud. 37 258 The ‘Roast Beef of England’ was a rallying cry for Tories opposing the Whig-supported importation of foreign foodstuffs.

2018 Bristol Post (Nexis) 1 May His plans were rejected by the Whig-dominated Corporation.

c. With other adjectives and nouns denoting political identities, with the sense ‘that is both (a) Whig and (a) ——’, as in Whig-Jacobite, Whig-Liberal, Whig-Republican, etc. See also Whig-Radical adj. and n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1697 T. Oates Picture Late King James: Part Four 189 You have Mr. Prate-a-pace, who glories much in the Name of a Whig Jacobite.

1839 R. Cobden Let. 3 Feb. (2007) I. 153 We cannot be in a true position until we are in direct opposition to the Whig-aristocratic ministry.

1881 C. W. Butterfield Hist. La Crosse County, Wisconsin 529 He was a practical printer, a shrewd politician and a straight Whig Republican.

1969 Hist. Jrnl. 12 722 Party ties continued loose under Palmerston, but Peelites, Whig-Liberals and Radicals held together at most times.

2014 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 53 1041 The focus here is not just Jacobitism but various strains of Tory, republican, and Whig Jacobite arguments.

C2.

Whig Party n. now historical (originally) the political faction who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s (see sense A. 2a); (subsequently) the British political party which developed from this faction after the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was eventually succeeded by the Liberal Party in the mid 19th cent. (see sense A. 3); (later also) an American political party opposed to the Democrats between the 1830s and 1850s (see sense A. 4b).

ΚΠ

1683 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 279 Commenting on several proceedings of those called the whig party.

1695 R. Ferguson Whether Preserving Protestant Relig. 31 The Whig Party is, generally speaking, a compound of the Atheistical of all Opinions and Perswasions whatsoever.

1795 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XLII. 472 An intention of the First Lord of the Treasury to degrade and annihilate the whig party.

1844 St. Louis Reveille 16 Nov. 2/2 The Whig party of New York..has united its fortunes with that of the nativists.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 278 The violent reaction which had laid the Whig party prostrate.

1980 Albion 12 166 He emerged as the leader of the Whig party in the House of Commons in the spring of 1830.

2006 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 1 Apr. a1 Jackson and his opponent, Sen. Henry Clay of the Whig Party, vigorously debated the merits of the Second Bank of the United States.

Whig-Radical adj. and n. British Politics (now historical) (a) adj. of or relating to members or supporters of the Whig Party who were part of or sympathetic to the Radical movement or the Radical group in Parliament (see radical adj. 7b(a)); (b) n. a person with these political sympathies; cf. Tory-Radical adj. and n. at Tory n. and adj. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1819 Leeds Intelligencer 25 Oct. (heading) The York Whig-Radical Meeting.

1820 J. Rickman Extr. Life & Lett. 10 Feb. 215 The address of the Yorkshire Whig Radicals.

1837 Times 27 Nov. 5/1 A numerous meeting of Whig-Radical members of the House of Commons was held to-day (Saturday), at 12 o'clock, at the Reform Club-house, Pall-mall.

1997 Independent Rev. Summer 105 Although he was probably a Whig-Radical, he was a very deferential one.

2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Jan. 7/3 The Begum Sombre's heir David Dyce Ochterlony Sombre succeeded in getting elected to Parliament from Sudbury in Suffolk on the Whig Radical (liberal) ticket.

Whig Supremacy n. (with the) the period, broadly corresponding to the reigns of George I and George II, and the first part of the reign of George III (1714–1790), when the Tories were excluded from senior civil, ecclesiastical, or military office, and power was concentrated in the hands of the Whig Party.

ΚΠ

1870 R. D. Baxter Eng. Parties & Conservatism iii. 9 The Whig Supremacy for more than seventy years, down to 1762.

1944 Catholic Hist. Rev. 30 362 A lifetime of research and writing in the era of the Whig supremacy supports this easily-read account.

2012 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 72 582 Short-term debt increased roughly fivefold by 1695 and was five to ten times the pre-Revolution mean until the Whig Supremacy began.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

单词	whig
释义	whign.¹ Brit. /wɪɡ/, /hwɪɡ/, U.S. /(h)wɪɡ/, Scottish English /hwɪɡ/ Forms: 1500s whyg(ge, 1500s–1600s whigge, 1500s–1600s, 1700s–1800s Scottish wig, 1600s, 1800s Scottish whigg, 1600s, 1700s–1800s Scottish wigg, 1800s Scottish quhig, 1500s– whig. Etymology: Of unascertained origin, but presumably related to whey n. (The variation of whig and wig in Scots is remarkable.) Now Scottish and dialect. Variously applied to (a) sour milk or cream, (b) whey, (c) buttermilk, (d) a beverage consisting of whey fermented and flavoured with herbs. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > sour milk whig1528 sourkitc1550 serate1600 tyre1613 oxygal1707 mast1819 slip-down1828 amasi1833 maas1882 the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > whey wheyc725 goat's wheya1400 whig1528 goat whey1655 thrutching?1748 thrustings1794 white whey1837 thrust1877 alum whey1883 the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > cream > other types of cream whig1528 tuftaffety cream1661 whey-cream1742 coffee cream1868 crème fraîche1936 the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun] rice milk1620 whig1684 leban1695 saloop1728 sack-whey1736 celery whey1761 mustard whey1769 wine whey1769 Scotch chocolate1785 whey-whig1811 chocolate milk1819 horchata1859 tamarind-whey1883 milk shake1886 Horlick1891 lassi1894 Ovaltine1906 shake1909 malt1942 malted1945 the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > buttermilk sweet milka1475 buttermilka1500 whey of butter1530 kirn-milkc1550 lap1567 churn-milk1598 whig1688 souter's brandy1790 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. g viii Lyvynge on mylke, whyg, and whey. 1561 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) iv. sig. Hv My lusty gotes with kid they swel, ne want I whigge, nor whay. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet in Wks. (1902) III. 406 Martins conscience hath a periwig; therefore to good men he is more sower than wig. 1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments ii. iv. 114 As for the Whey you may keepe it also in a sweet stone vessell: for it is that which is called Whigge, and is an excellent coole drinke and a wholsome. 1633 J. Hart Κλινικη ii. xvii. 209 Sowre whey..is in very great request in the Northerne parts of this Iland, where it is called of some whigge, and of others wigge. 1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale Gloss. 114 Whig is Clarified Whey, put up with Herbs to drink. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 173/1 Thick Milk, Butter-milk made thick through the heat of Summer, the bottom part falling to a Whigg. 1799 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XXI. 142 Cream, too long kept, and purified by drawing off the thin part, or wig, for drink, was converted into butter. 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 736/1 Whig..is the provincial name in the south-west of Scotland for that blue-and-yellowish, thin sub-acid liquid which gathers on the surface of whey or butter milk. figurative.1661 M. Nedham Short Hist. Eng. Rebell. xlii There lies the Cream of all the Cause; Religion is but Whig. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Whign.²adj. Brit. /wɪɡ/, U.S. /(h)wɪɡ/ Forms: 1600s Whige, 1600s–1700s Wig, 1600s–1700s Wigg, 1600s–1800s Whigg, 1600s– Whig, 1700s Quick (English regional (Northumberland)), 1700s–1800s Quig (English regional (Northumberland)); also Scottish pre-1700 Uhig, pre-1700 Uig, pre-1700 Whigh, pre-1700 Whigue. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: whiggamore n. Etymology: Shortened < whiggamore n.Compare the following, which N.E.D. (1923) cited as the earliest sense of this word, defined as ‘a yokel, country bumpkin’:a1661 I. Tullie Narr. Siege of Carlisle (1840) 3 And needs he [sc. Leslie] would retreat to Newcastle, till great Barwise set himself first into the water; and the rest, following him, so frighted y^e fresh water countrie whiggs, y^t all of them answered the Motto, veni, vidi, fugi.a1682 J. Gwynne Mil. Mem. (1822) ii. 90 Most of them were no souldiers, but countrey bumkins, there called Whigs.The exact sense of the word in each of these quots. and their connection with each other and with Whig n.² is unclear. Both can be interpreted as showing a derogatory term for a countryman, but while quot. a1682 (by an English author) does refer to Covenanters in Scotland (compare sense A. 1), the reference in quot. a1661 is to untrained (‘freshwater’) local recruits in Cumberland in the English Civil War, who are opposing a force supported by the Covenanters. It is possible that both independently reflect an earlier shortening of whiggamore n. in an unattested, more general sense (see the discussion at that entry). Alternative etymological suggestion. An 18th cent. suggestion that Whig n.² is the same word as whig n.¹ (based on the assumption that sour milk was a common drink among the poor) cannot be substantiated, and probably shows an attempt to explain the word through folk etymology. Now historical. A. n.² 1. Scottish. A nickname for: an adherent or supporter of the National Covenant of 1638; a Covenanter; (more generally) an adherent of the Presbyterian cause in Scotland, esp. in the 17th cent.; (later also) a strict or extreme Presbyterian. Cf. whiggamore n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [noun] > person disciplinarian1591 disciplinary1593 consistorian1606 Presbyterian1606 kirkmana1645 presbyter1647 presbyterial1647 Presbyterialist1647 Kirker1651 Kirkist1652 whiggamore1654 Whig1657 scaldabancoa1670 cloak-man1680 Presbyteera1708 Knoxian1714 blue skin1790 Auld Kirker1856 bluenose1861 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > specific Scottish party > members of specific Scottish parties resolutioner1655 Whig1657 fundie1995 1657 in J. Campbell Balmerino (1867) 213 [Having] fallen in among the Whigs of Kilmany. 1666 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 452 The Generall having marched towards the West, he took and killed sindrie persones, callit The Whigs. 1679 in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. 163 The Whiggs horse and foot fell in pell, mell, upon the Dragoons. 1683 Sir J. Grahame Let. 9 June in Clavers, Despot's Champion (1889) xii. 142 I am as sorry to see a man day, even a whigue, as any of themselfs. 1708 Reg. St. Andrew's Church Newcastle Nov. in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 424 The Quigs buring-place, near the Swirll in Sidgatt. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 Those in the west [of Scotland] come in the summer to buy at Lieth the stores that come from the north: And from a word Whiggam, used in driving their horses all that drove were called the Whiggamors, and shorter the Whiggs. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Whig, by rigid Episcopalians, it is still given to Presbyterians in general; and, in the West of S[cotland], even by the latter, to those who, in a state of separation from the established church, profess to adhere more strictly to Presbyterian principles. 1888 M. Morris Claverhouse ix. 159 The men of the hill-sides and moorlands of the West, the wild Western Whigs, who feared..the name of Claverhouse. 1976 Historian 38 474 Since the abortive rising of the Westland Whigs in 1679, Scottish Covenanters had suffered severely. 1998 N. von Maltzahn in D. Armitage et al. Milton & Republicanism (new ed.) 232 The distinction may be illustrated with reference to the original Whigs, those Scottish Covenanters after whom the English party was named. 2. a. A person who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s. Opposed to Tory n. 2. Cf. exclusion n. 1c. Now historical.During the 1690s merging into sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig > as supporting Exclusion Bill Whig1678 Brummagem1681 Birmingham1682 Teckelite1683 1678 Excellent Ballad Tom Tory & Toney Whigg (single sheet) The Tory's Name was Lashing Tom; The Whigg was called Toney; And yet the Urchin, most Men say, Wants neither Wit nor Money. 1679 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 431 After the breaking out of the popish plot severall of our scholars were tried and at length were discovered to be whiggs, viz...Georg Reynell of C.C.C., looked upon as alwayes a round-head. 1681 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 124 The latter party have been called by the former, whigs, fanaticks, covenanteers, bromigham protestants, &c.; and the former are called by the latter, tories, tantivies, Yorkists, high flown church men. 1682 Tories Confess. vi What pimping Whig shall dare controule, or check the lawfull Heir. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 652 In 1678..he closed with the Whiggs, supposing that party would carry all before them. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. (1876) II. xii. 439 It was in the year 1679 that the words Whig and Tory were first heard in their application to English factions. 1905 C. S. Terry Pentland Rising 84 The..controversies which cleft the Whigs in 1679, to the paralysis of serious military achievement, were absent in 1666. 1997 Eng. Hist. Rev. 112 301 Those who introduced them were called whigs by their opponents and were led, according to the conventional view, by the first Earl of Shaftesbury. †b. figurative. A rebel; a traitor. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels rebel1340 rebeller1398 revolter1576 revolt1585 rebellant1586 Whig1683 révolté1792 kicker1888 1683 J. Dryden Another Epil. in Prol. Duke of Guise sig. B2^v When Sighs and Pray'rs their Ladies cannot move, They Rail, write Treason, and turn Whiggs to love. 3. A member, supporter, or representative of the political party which constituted one of the two principal political factions or identities in Britain and its colonies from the years after the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the mid 19th cent., being the dominant political party for most of the 18th cent., and eventually being succeeded by the Liberal Party in the 1860s; an adherent of the principles, policies, etc., associated with this party; (in the late 19th cent. sometimes in dated use) a supporter of the Liberal Party, esp. one advocating a more conservative form of Liberalism. Opposed to Tory n. 3a. Now historical.Originally developing from the political faction which had attempted to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (see sense A. 2a), the Whigs were always associated with principles of constitutional government, limitation of the executive power of the Crown, and the Protestant succession to the throne. Additionally, the Whigs were typically viewed as the party of commerce, free trade, and economic expansion. In the later 18th and early 19th centuries the influence of the Radical movement (cf. Whig-Radical adj. and n.) and the challenge of a renewed Tory Party saw the Whigs become increasingly associated with progressive ideas, such as parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, and colonial self-government. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig Whigster1682 Whig1693 truea1734 1693 C. Lawton Jacobite Princ. Vindicated 19 Some People..do not distinguish between the State and Religious Whigg... There are likewise many..who yet mostly, if not altogether, go to the Church of England; and yet both the one and the other of these are as much, or perhaps more nicely Whiggs in Civils, than are the Fanaticks, though not so generally called so. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. Pref. p. viii We have lived..to see the two great Parties, of late known by the Names of Whig and Tory, directly change their ground. 1711 J. Urmston Let. 7 July in Colonial Rec. N. Carolina (1886) I. 768 Sr. Nathanial Johnson being put out by the Whigs. 1713 R. Steele in Guardian 12 Mar. 2/2 I am, with Relation to the Government of the Church, a Tory, with Regard to the State, a Whig. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 All that opposed the Court came in contempt to be called Whiggs. 1741 D. Hume Parties Great Brit. in Ess. 131 A Whig may be defin'd to be a Lover of Liberty, tho' without renouncing Monarchy; and a Friend to the Settlement in the Protestant Line. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1778 II. 248 Johnson: ‘I have always said, the first Whig was the Devil.’ Boswell: ‘He certainly was, Sir. The Devil was impatient of subordination.’ 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. vi. iii. 38 ‘I look upon an Orangeman,’ said Coningsby, ‘as a pure Whig.’ 1852 Ld. J. Russell in S. Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell (1889) II. 156 (note) The term Whig..has the convenience of expressing in one syllable what Conservative Liberal expresses in seven; and Whiggism, in two syllables, means what Conservative Progress means in other six. 1883 Sat. Rev. 21 July 67/2 The Gladstonian Moderate, the ‘Whig’ as he is locally called, has ceased to have a reason for existence in Irish politics. 1965 Sc. Hist. Rev. 44 112 The ministry was composed of Revolution Whigs who had retained office from William's reign. 2005 L. G. Mitchell Whig World i. 1 Whigs seemed to hold no common ground. Every issue engendered new disagreements. 2018 Bristol Post (Nexis) 1 May Colston (a Tory) made no secret of his hatred of Whigs and religious dissenters. 4. U.S. a. An American who supported the cause of independence from Britain during the American Revolution. Now historical.Originally a use of sense A. 3 in the specific context of American colonial politics. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > supporter of American cause rebel1775 Whig1775 blue skin1777 revolutioner1794 1775 J. Thacher Mil. Jrnl. (1823) 12 The..majority..are united in resolution to oppose..the wicked attempts of the English Cabinet. This class of people have assumed the appellation of Whigs. 1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 6 June 240/1 A great battle is said to have been fought about the 1st May, between the ‘whigs’ of Caracos and ‘tories’ of Coro, the latter being aided by some ‘regulars’ from Porto Rico. 1884 A. Johnston Hist. Amer. Polit. (ed. 2) 6 As soon as independence was announced, in 1776, to be the final object of the contest, the names Whig and Tory lost, in America, whatever of British significance they had ever possessed. 2017 Libr. Jrnl. Rev. (Nexis) 1 May Anderson successfully documents not only the injustices done to colonists by the British, but also the mistreatment of loyalists by the Whigs, a subject that is often overlooked. b. A member of a political party formed in 1834 in opposition to the Democratic Party, acting as the principal rival to the Democrats in presidential elections of the 1840s, but ceasing to attract widespread support by the mid 1850s, when it was superseded by the Republican Party, many of whose original members had been Whigs. Now historical.The party arose in response to perceived excessive growth of executive power during the presidency of Andrew Jackson (1829–37), the name being taken by analogy with Whigs who resisted growth in the executive power of the Crown during the Stuart period (see sense A. 3) and the American Revolution (see sense A. 4a). It favoured an active economic role for federal government, including high protective tariffs and the creation of a national bank. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > member of Whig party Whig1834 1834 Niles' Weekly Reg. 12 Apr. 101/2 In New York and Connecticut the term ‘whigs’ is now used by the opponents of the administration when speaking of themselves, and they call the ‘Jackson men’ by the offensive name of ‘tories’. 1839 Congress. Globe Jan. App. 105/1 In 1796,..Whig..was synonymous with Democrat,..or, in the Federal language of the times, was fit for the common people;..but now for political effect, the same party have taken the term Whig to themselves. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. liii. 340 The majesty and beneficent activity of the National government..was generally in fact represented by the Federalists of the first period, the Whigs of the second, the Republicans of the third. 2021 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 14 Feb. 6 a/5 Today's two major parties have framed political competition since the middle of the 19th century, since the Republicans rose from the rubble of the Whigs. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Whigs (in various senses), esp. the Whig Party in Britain or the United States; characterized by, advocating, or supporting the principles, policies, or practices of the Whig Party. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [adjective] consistorial1561 disciplinarian1591 presbyterial1591 consistorian1593 Presbyterian1607 Scotized1622 Scotican1647 presbyteral1651 Scotic1656 Whig1661 blue-nosed1844 Knoxian1905 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [adjective] > of or relating to Whigs Whig1661 true blue1663 Whiggish1680 low-flying1706 society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [adjective] > supporting American side in War of Independence Whig1768 1661 Charge High Treason against Marquess of Argyle 11 The said Marquess..stamping with his foot did vaunt himself, saying, That he was the onely man that plotted the rising of the Forces in the West, terming the same the Whig-rode, which proved the main cause of our ruine. 1681 J. C. Gyant whipt by his Godmother (single sheet) (verso) Thou frivolous, foolish, Dialoguing Whig-Tail Observator, farewel and be hang'd. 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 6 Sept. 1/1 Oh there's a thick Disguise they say upon Affairs, and unless you have a pair of Whig-spectacles, there's no seeing through it. 1683 J. Dryden Vindication 22 As for Knave, and Sycophant, and Rascal, and Impudent, and Devil, and old Serpent,..I take them to be only names of Parties: And cou'd return Murtherer and Cheat, and Whig-napper. 1719 T. Gordon Char. Independent Whig (ed. 2) 19 Let them not..give up Whig Boroughs into Jacobite Hands. 1732 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life & Death D. Cargill 207 They cried ‘Take up the old damn'd Whig-Bitch.’ 1768 Boston Gaz. 21 Mar. 3/1 May the best of Heaven's Blessings ever attend the Whig Cause. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. I. 260 Free and safe as a whig baillie on the causeway of his own borough, or a canting presbyterian minister in his own pulpit. 1837 S. Smith Let. to Singleton in Wks. (1859) II. 276/2 Lord John Russell, the Whig leader. 1839 J. G. Whittier Prose Wks. (1889) II. 323 The late Whig defeat in New York. 1912 G. O. Trevelyan George III & Fox I. 292 A rallying point for the hardy Whig militiamen of the Carolinas. 2006 Tablet 14 Oct. 26/3 The family was in the Whig tradition, always on the side of progress, schmoozing up to Garibaldi in one generation and Stalin in the next. 2. Designating a historian or historiography favourable or biased towards the Whig Party and its principles, esp. in viewing the development of the British constitution as a triumph of those principles through a course of continued and inevitable progress, culminating in and underlying Britain's global commercial and colonial pre-eminence in the 19th cent.; (more generally) designating any historiography which or historian who interprets past events in terms of progress towards the present state of things, typically where this present state is viewed as preferable or desirable. Usually depreciative.Now frequently in Whig interpretation of history, Whig view of history, esp. after Herbert Butterfield's polemical historiographical monograph on the subject (see quot. 1931). ΚΠ 1729 Monthly Catal. Oct. 116/1 His last famous Work, intitled, The History of England, under the respective Reigns of the Royal Family of the Stuarts, are fully exposed; and divers Historical Facts set in a true Light, and rescued from the Misrepresentations of that Whig Historian. 1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. II. ii. 142 A whig history would be as ridiculous as a tory one: the only point in history is to narrate facts, not to build systems, for human affairs are never systematic. 1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn 437 Every one is conscious of the animus which pervades the last Whig history. 1924 G. B. Shaw St. Joan Pref. p. x Her [sc. Joan's] ideal biographer..must understand the Middle Ages..much more intimately than our Whig historians have ever understood them. 1931 H. C. Butterfield Whig Interpr. Hist. i. 6 The truth is that there is a tendency for all history to veer over into whig history. 1935 History 19 315 In schools we are always in danger of presenting a Whig interpretation of history. 1967 Past & Present Apr. 88 The great political values, so often associated with the Whig view of history—representative government, civil and religious liberty, equality before the law—were platitudes accepted on all sides. 2017 Social Sci. Hist. 41 255 You don't have to be a Whig historian to discern progress in the socioeconomic status of women in the United States since the eighteenth century. Compounds C1. a. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which Whig expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in Whig-hating, Whig-loving (adjectives), Whig-hunting (adjective and noun), Whig-hater (noun), etc. ΚΠ 1682 Heraclitus Ridens 25 Apr. 1/1 A Cause confounding, Whig-defeating..Dispensation. 1847 Cork Examiner 16 Aug. I publicly stand pledged to abandon the Repeal, and to become as thoroughly imperialized as any whig-hunting, Tory-hunting, Place-hunting whipper-snapper in existence. 1851 New Hampsh. Statesman 18 Apr. Some super serviceable Whig-hating Loco Focos from the free States. 1858 ‘M. Rochester’ Derby Ministry 47 Obtaining a majority of nearly two to one in a constituency still remarkable as one composed chiefly of the most Whig-loving pot-wallopers in all Somersetshire. 1867 R. H. Moncrieff Martyr Shepherd iv. 103 Can you not give the King's soldiers something to drink his Majesty's health in? 'Tis dry work this Whig hunting. 1885 Bell's Life in London 4 Apr. 3/1 His adhesion to the principles of old-fashioned Conservatism was as questionless and cordial as that of the Whig-hater. 1905 C. S. Terry Pentland Rising 2 The familiar Whig-hunting duty of Claverhouse. 2000 C. M. Snyder Union County, Pennsylvania (rev. ed.) x. 165/2 A Jacksonian Democrat and Whig hater, and a ladies' man. b. As a modifier, with past participles, with the sense ‘by Whigs; with Whigs’, as in Whig-appointed, Whig-controlled, Whig-ridden, Whig-supported, etc. (adjectives). ΚΠ 1832 B. Disraeli Let. 26 Dec. (1982) I. 314 The electors..agreed in the necessity of exerting themselves to prevent their town from becoming a Whig-ridden, a nomination borough. 1859 London Rev. Oct. 256 One would have thought that this trade had exploded for ever with the Whig-appointed Lord of the Treasury. 1966 F. P. Van der Voorde H. Fielding i. 13 The country had been precipitated into the vortex of continental war, which in the opinion of many, had been unduly protracted to serve the Whig funded interest. 1993 R. R. Dykstra Bright Radical Star iv. 71 In the 1846/7 general assembly, the Whig-controlled house resolved that [etc.] 2004 Eighteenth-Cent. Stud. 37 258 The ‘Roast Beef of England’ was a rallying cry for Tories opposing the Whig-supported importation of foreign foodstuffs. 2018 Bristol Post (Nexis) 1 May His plans were rejected by the Whig-dominated Corporation. c. With other adjectives and nouns denoting political identities, with the sense ‘that is both (a) Whig and (a) ——’, as in Whig-Jacobite, Whig-Liberal, Whig-Republican, etc. See also Whig-Radical adj. and n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1697 T. Oates Picture Late King James: Part Four 189 You have Mr. Prate-a-pace, who glories much in the Name of a Whig Jacobite. 1839 R. Cobden Let. 3 Feb. (2007) I. 153 We cannot be in a true position until we are in direct opposition to the Whig-aristocratic ministry. 1881 C. W. Butterfield Hist. La Crosse County, Wisconsin 529 He was a practical printer, a shrewd politician and a straight Whig Republican. 1969 Hist. Jrnl. 12 722 Party ties continued loose under Palmerston, but Peelites, Whig-Liberals and Radicals held together at most times. 2014 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 53 1041 The focus here is not just Jacobitism but various strains of Tory, republican, and Whig Jacobite arguments. C2. Whig Party n. now historical (originally) the political faction who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York (later James II), from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism during the late 1670s and 1680s (see sense A. 2a); (subsequently) the British political party which developed from this faction after the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was eventually succeeded by the Liberal Party in the mid 19th cent. (see sense A. 3); (later also) an American political party opposed to the Democrats between the 1830s and 1850s (see sense A. 4b). ΚΠ 1683 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 279 Commenting on several proceedings of those called the whig party. 1695 R. Ferguson Whether Preserving Protestant Relig. 31 The Whig Party is, generally speaking, a compound of the Atheistical of all Opinions and Perswasions whatsoever. 1795 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XLII. 472 An intention of the First Lord of the Treasury to degrade and annihilate the whig party. 1844 St. Louis Reveille 16 Nov. 2/2 The Whig party of New York..has united its fortunes with that of the nativists. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 278 The violent reaction which had laid the Whig party prostrate. 1980 Albion 12 166 He emerged as the leader of the Whig party in the House of Commons in the spring of 1830. 2006 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 1 Apr. a1 Jackson and his opponent, Sen. Henry Clay of the Whig Party, vigorously debated the merits of the Second Bank of the United States. Whig-Radical adj. and n. British Politics (now historical) (a) adj. of or relating to members or supporters of the Whig Party who were part of or sympathetic to the Radical movement or the Radical group in Parliament (see radical adj. 7b(a)); (b) n. a person with these political sympathies; cf. Tory-Radical adj. and n. at Tory n. and adj. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1819 Leeds Intelligencer 25 Oct. (heading) The York Whig-Radical Meeting. 1820 J. Rickman Extr. Life & Lett. 10 Feb. 215 The address of the Yorkshire Whig Radicals. 1837 Times 27 Nov. 5/1 A numerous meeting of Whig-Radical members of the House of Commons was held to-day (Saturday), at 12 o'clock, at the Reform Club-house, Pall-mall. 1997 Independent Rev. Summer 105 Although he was probably a Whig-Radical, he was a very deferential one. 2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Jan. 7/3 The Begum Sombre's heir David Dyce Ochterlony Sombre succeeded in getting elected to Parliament from Sudbury in Suffolk on the Whig Radical (liberal) ticket. Whig Supremacy n. (with the) the period, broadly corresponding to the reigns of George I and George II, and the first part of the reign of George III (1714–1790), when the Tories were excluded from senior civil, ecclesiastical, or military office, and power was concentrated in the hands of the Whig Party. ΚΠ 1870 R. D. Baxter Eng. Parties & Conservatism iii. 9 The Whig Supremacy for more than seventy years, down to 1762. 1944 Catholic Hist. Rev. 30 362 A lifetime of research and writing in the era of the Whig supremacy supports this easily-read account. 2012 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 72 582 Short-term debt increased roughly fivefold by 1695 and was five to ten times the pre-Revolution mean until the Whig Supremacy began. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). whigv.¹ Brit. /wɪɡ/, /hwɪɡ/, U.S. /(h)wɪɡ/, Scottish English /hwɪɡ/ Etymology: Compare fig v.³, frig v., jig v. Scottish. 1. transitive. To urge forward, drive briskly. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on streeka1500 push1590 put1590 whigc1667 cramc1830 to call upon ——1842 double-thong1856 giddap1938 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a horse-drawn vehicle > at a high speed smokea1658 whigc1667 spank1811 c1667 G. Blackhall Breiffe Narr. (1844) §8. 163 I did sie the contrie people whigging their meres, to be tymously at the kirk. 2. intransitive. To jog along. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > in leisurely manner wandera1616 whig1689 slope1851 tool1862 poodle1938 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (intransitive)] > go at pace between walking and running shiga1400 shog1530 jog1565 whig1689 fadge1694 dodge1802 shack1833 jog-trot1837 joggle1883 1689 Memorable Battle Killy Crankie (single sheet) Jock Presbyter an's Covenant Came whigging up Hill then. 1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman i. 17 Scots from the Northern Frozen Banks of Tay, With Packs and Plods came Whigging all away. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 39 Just when I..was whigging cannily awa hame. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † Whigv.² Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Whig n.² Etymology: < Whig n.² Compare Whiggify v. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To make (a person) a Whig or Whiggish; to imbue with the principles of the Whigs or Whig Party. Cf. unwhig v. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [verb (intransitive)] > act like a Whig Whig1681 Whiggize1819 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [verb (transitive)] > behave like a Whig towards Whig1681 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 25 Oct. 1/2 They will Whig us bravely indeed, if by the pretences of the fear of Popery and Arbitrary Government, Flanders and Germany should..fall into the Scale of France. 1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton in New Monthly Mag. 34 355 They Whigged every thing they touched—they guaged and docketed all the objects of Poetry. 1885 Sunday Times 18 Oct. 6/2 Lord Hartington apparently declines to come over and be Whigged by Churchill for ever, and seems inclined to sulk in the congenial study of Devonshire cream. 2. intransitive To behave like a Whig (in various senses); to act in a Whiggish manner.Apparently only recorded as a verbal noun (see Whigging n. 1) or in examples where whig v.¹ 2 is the superficial meaning, but the current sense is intended to be understood (e.g. quot. 1689). ΚΠ 1682 [implied in: J. Banks Vertue Betray'd Epil. sig. L4^v Here's such a Rout with Whigging and with Torying, That you neglect your dear-lov'd sin of Whoring. (at Whigging n. 1)]. 1689 Killychrankie (single sheet) Jack Presbyter and's Covenant, came Whigging up the Hill. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). whigv.³ Brit. /wɪɡ/, /hwɪɡ/, U.S. /(h)wɪɡ/ Etymology: < whig n.¹ dialect. transitive and intransitive. To turn sour; to curdle. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > be or become sour [verb (intransitive)] sour1390 souren1570 tart1629 blinka1665 whig1756 the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > make sour [verb (transitive)] sharpa1425 sourc1460 intersour1599 unsweeten1611 blink1616 dissweeten1622 besoura1660 sharpen1675 acidulate1684 whig1756 acidify1837 tack1868 tarten1925 acidize1936 the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > curdle or become curdled runeOE loppera1300 curda1398 to run togethera1398 quaila1425 trout1483 lop1570 turn1577 quar1578 curdle1586 caille1601 to set together1608 set1736 whig1756 shill1876 clabber1880 the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > curdle curd?1440 turn1548 curdle1585 shill1691 whig1835 1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 196 The milk is whigged, and still pretty sour. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) Stale churned milk, when it throws off a sediment, is said to whig. 1835 T. De Quincey Tory's Acct. in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 776/1 If you pour milk upon rum, and do it so slowly or so unskilfully as to coagulate the mixture, you are said ‘to whig it’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1528n.²adj.1657v.¹c1667v.²1681v.³1756
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whign.1

Whign.2adj.

Compounds

whigv.1

† Whigv.2

whigv.3

whign.¹

Whign.²adj.

whigv.¹

† Whigv.²

whigv.³