whenceadv.conj.n.

Brit.

/wɛns/, U.S.

/(h)wɛns/

Forms: Middle English whannes, whennes, (Middle English huannes, wannes, whennus, whennys), Middle English–1500s whens, Middle English qwens, 1500s whense, Scottish quhens, quhence, 1500s– whence.

Etymology: 13th cent. Middle English whannes , whennes , < whanne , whenne adv. and conj. + -s suffix¹. In all senses often preceded by redundant from , †fro (from prep., adv., and conj. Phrases b), occasionally of (obsolete or archaic).

I. Interrogative uses. (Now replaced in ordinary colloquial speech by where…from.)

1. From what place?

a. in a direct question.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > from what place

whencea1300

whence-from1579

where…from?1836

a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 161 Whannes beo ȝe, faire gumes, þat her to londe beoþ icume.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xvi. 8 Whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow?

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 431 What do ye here, madam? Fro whens come ye? [?1503 Pynson Of whens be ye?]

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John vi. f. cxxvij Whence shall we bye breed that these might eate?

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. v. sig. Nij From whense haste thou brought hym hyther?

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 192 Of whens be you? I am of England.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 102 Bap. Of whence I pray. Tra. Of Pisa sir.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 526 Whence am I forc'd, and whether am I born..?

1720 Delany News fr. Parnass. 19 From whence is this Fool?

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer v. 97 My wife! as I'm a Christian. From whence can she come.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 102 O babbling brook,..Whence come you?

b. in an indirect question.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from which place (interrogative)

whennec888

whethenc1200

whencec1300

wherehenc1400

wherefro1513

c1300 St. Brandan 288 We nuteth noȝt bote thurf God whannes hit is i-brouȝt.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 532 Þis folke frayned hym firste fro whennes he come.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 44 They axed hym of whens he was.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John ix. f. cxxxv Thys felowe we knowe not from whence he ys.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 261 The Kidd..Asked..who, and whence that he were.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 397 He..ask'd his airy Guide, What, and of whence was he.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 438 Resolve me, Strangers, whence, and what you are.

1710 D. Defoe Ess. Public Credit 6 We..hardly know whence it [sc. the wind] comes, or whither it goes.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 36 He inquired whence the water came.

1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxv. 251 There was no question put of whence I came or whither I was going.

2. gen. and transferred. From what source, origin, or cause?

a. in a direct question.

ΚΠ

c1305 Pop. Treat. Sci. (1841) 139 Loke hou crokede thu were ther,..Whannes [earlier text Fra ȝwam] cometh hit siththe to bere the so heȝe?

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxi. 25 Of whennes was the baptem of Joon; of heuene, or of men?

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxiij Whens hapeneth this to me, that the mother off my lorde shulde come to me?

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 498 From whence these Murmurs, and this change of Mind..?

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xvii. 103 But from whence..have you concluded..that the writer is of our Church?

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xix. 191 From whence have we derived that spiritual profit?

b. in an indirect question.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adverb] > from what source or origin

whennec888

whethenc1200

whence1485

where1729

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. cv/2 I am wel admeruaylled fro whens that cometh to the suche presumpcion to speke so hastyly.

1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered viii. 28 There are some that can tell..from whence you borrow..your much bragd-of Concent.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 856 Strange point and new! Doctrin which we would know whence learnt.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 414 Ask Reason now, whence Light and Shade were giv'n.

1781 W. Cowper Truth 237 An apt similitude shall show Whence springs the conduct that offends you so.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 169 The laughter and mirth of her uncle and Hannah and Mary, she could not tell whence originating.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 520 For so the words were flash'd into his heart He knew not whence or wherefore.

1867 F. Harrison in Questions Ref. Parl. 255 No man can say from whence the greater danger to order arises.

II. Relative or conjunctive uses.

a. From which place; from or out of which.Also with ellipsis of there or thither in the main clause.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > from which place

whethenwardc1175

whethena1340

whence1382

wherefroc1449

wherefrom1490

whenceforth1590

whence-from1666

whenceward1704

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from which place (relative)

whennec1000

whethena1340

wherefroc1449

wherehenc1475

whence1535

whenceforward1899

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cxx[i]. 1 I rered vp myn eȝen in to the mounteynes; whennys [1388 fro whannus] shal come helpe to me.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xi. 10 The londe of Egipte, whence ye came out.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. li. 1 Loke vnto the rocke, whence ye are hewen.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 148 A dreadfull Cliff, from whence the Country & River yeald a most incomparable Prospect.

1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 40 Mossy Rocks, Whence on each hand the gushing Waters play.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxiii. 258 The little room..looked into a garden, whence a wicket-gate opened into a small paddock.

1887 A. C. Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 141 The quarter from whence the following lucubration is addressed.

1611 Bible (King James) Job x. 21 Let me alone that I may take comfort a litle, Before I goe whence [ Coverdale thyther, from whence] I shall not returne.a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 120 Now tell me: how do al from whence you came? a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 37 Let him walke from whence he came.

†b. as nominal relative: From the place in which, from where. poetic. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 22 Our Poesie is as a Gowne [read Goume], which vses [i.e. oozes] From whence 'tis nourisht.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. ii. 123 Come thou home Rossillion, Whence honor but of danger winnes a scarre, As oft it looses all.

4. gen. and transferred. From which source or origin (as a product); from which cause (as a result); from which fact or circumstance (as an inference).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [conjunction] > from which source or origin

whencea1568

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > effect or result [conjunction] > as a result of which

whence1738

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 18 This opinion is not French, but plaine Turckishe: from whens, som Frenche fetche moe faultes, than this.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Dd6^v Vertue..Whence spring all noble deedes and neuer dying fame.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 32 To lay down such Principles, as from whence it would follow, that any Real Entity in Nature did come from Nothing and go to Nothing.

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xxix From whence I did then conclude..that Wine doth not inspire Politeness.

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 111 Faith, the root whence only can arise The graces of a life that wins the skies.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 81 St. Ive..became a successful advocate, whence he is now venerated by Breton lawyers as their patron.

1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. ii. xiii. 400 During its revolution a tip bows or nods successively to all points of the compass; whence the name nutation.

III. As a noun.

5. That from which something comes or arises; place of origin; source.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > place of origin and early development

wombc1400

promptuary?a1425

seminairc1440

nursery1509

matrice1555

seed plot1556

matrix1586

seminary1592

seedbed1618

nidus1807

whence1832

breeding-place1841

breeding-ground1856

breeding range1890

whenceness1922

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun] > product of inferring, an inference > source of

whence1832

1832 J. L. Motley Let. 1 July in Corr. (1889) I. ii. 18 I was summoned before the Senate of the University, and then wrote my name and my whences and whats, etc., etc., in a great book.

1869 A. D. Whitney Hitherto xviii. 242 We start from some whence, and are expressed through to somewhere.

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) i. iv. 30 Uncertain as to the Whence and Whither of humanity.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	whence
释义	whenceadv.conj.n. Brit. /wɛns/, U.S. /(h)wɛns/ Forms: Middle English whannes, whennes, (Middle English huannes, wannes, whennus, whennys), Middle English–1500s whens, Middle English qwens, 1500s whense, Scottish quhens, quhence, 1500s– whence. Etymology: 13th cent. Middle English whannes , whennes , < whanne , whenne adv. and conj. + -s suffix¹. In all senses often preceded by redundant from , †fro (from prep., adv., and conj. Phrases b), occasionally of (obsolete or archaic). I. Interrogative uses. (Now replaced in ordinary colloquial speech by where…from.) 1. From what place? a. in a direct question. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > from what place whencea1300 whence-from1579 where…from?1836 a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 161 Whannes beo ȝe, faire gumes, þat her to londe beoþ icume. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xvi. 8 Whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 431 What do ye here, madam? Fro whens come ye? [?1503 Pynson Of whens be ye?] 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John vi. f. cxxvij Whence shall we bye breed that these might eate? 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. v. sig. Nij From whense haste thou brought hym hyther? a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 192 Of whens be you? I am of England. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 102 Bap. Of whence I pray. Tra. Of Pisa sir. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 526 Whence am I forc'd, and whether am I born..? 1720 Delany News fr. Parnass. 19 From whence is this Fool? 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer v. 97 My wife! as I'm a Christian. From whence can she come. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 102 O babbling brook,..Whence come you? b. in an indirect question. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from which place (interrogative) whennec888 whethenc1200 whencec1300 wherehenc1400 wherefro1513 c1300 St. Brandan 288 We nuteth noȝt bote thurf God whannes hit is i-brouȝt. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 532 Þis folke frayned hym firste fro whennes he come. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 44 They axed hym of whens he was. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John ix. f. cxxxv Thys felowe we knowe not from whence he ys. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 261 The Kidd..Asked..who, and whence that he were. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 397 He..ask'd his airy Guide, What, and of whence was he. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 438 Resolve me, Strangers, whence, and what you are. 1710 D. Defoe Ess. Public Credit 6 We..hardly know whence it [sc. the wind] comes, or whither it goes. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 36 He inquired whence the water came. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxv. 251 There was no question put of whence I came or whither I was going. 2. gen. and transferred. From what source, origin, or cause? a. in a direct question. ΚΠ c1305 Pop. Treat. Sci. (1841) 139 Loke hou crokede thu were ther,..Whannes [earlier text Fra ȝwam] cometh hit siththe to bere the so heȝe? c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxi. 25 Of whennes was the baptem of Joon; of heuene, or of men? 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxiij Whens hapeneth this to me, that the mother off my lorde shulde come to me? 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 498 From whence these Murmurs, and this change of Mind..? 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xvii. 103 But from whence..have you concluded..that the writer is of our Church? 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xix. 191 From whence have we derived that spiritual profit? b. in an indirect question. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adverb] > from what source or origin whennec888 whethenc1200 whence1485 where1729 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. cv/2 I am wel admeruaylled fro whens that cometh to the suche presumpcion to speke so hastyly. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered viii. 28 There are some that can tell..from whence you borrow..your much bragd-of Concent. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 856 Strange point and new! Doctrin which we would know whence learnt. View more context for this quotation 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 414 Ask Reason now, whence Light and Shade were giv'n. 1781 W. Cowper Truth 237 An apt similitude shall show Whence springs the conduct that offends you so. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 169 The laughter and mirth of her uncle and Hannah and Mary, she could not tell whence originating. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 520 For so the words were flash'd into his heart He knew not whence or wherefore. 1867 F. Harrison in Questions Ref. Parl. 255 No man can say from whence the greater danger to order arises. II. Relative or conjunctive uses. 3. a. From which place; from or out of which.Also with ellipsis of there or thither in the main clause. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > from which place whethenwardc1175 whethena1340 whence1382 wherefroc1449 wherefrom1490 whenceforth1590 whence-from1666 whenceward1704 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from which place (relative) whennec1000 whethena1340 wherefroc1449 wherehenc1475 whence1535 whenceforward1899 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cxx[i]. 1 I rered vp myn eȝen in to the mounteynes; whennys [1388 fro whannus] shal come helpe to me. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xi. 10 The londe of Egipte, whence ye came out. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. li. 1 Loke vnto the rocke, whence ye are hewen. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 148 A dreadfull Cliff, from whence the Country & River yeald a most incomparable Prospect. 1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 40 Mossy Rocks, Whence on each hand the gushing Waters play. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxiii. 258 The little room..looked into a garden, whence a wicket-gate opened into a small paddock. 1887 A. C. Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 141 The quarter from whence the following lucubration is addressed. 1611 Bible (King James) Job x. 21 Let me alone that I may take comfort a litle, Before I goe whence [ Coverdale thyther, from whence] I shall not returne.a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 120 Now tell me: how do al from whence you came? View more context for this quotationa1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 37 Let him walke from whence he came. View more context for this quotation †b. as nominal relative: From the place in which, from where. poetic. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 22 Our Poesie is as a Gowne [read Goume], which vses [i.e. oozes] From whence 'tis nourisht. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. ii. 123 Come thou home Rossillion, Whence honor but of danger winnes a scarre, As oft it looses all. View more context for this quotation 4. gen. and transferred. From which source or origin (as a product); from which cause (as a result); from which fact or circumstance (as an inference). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [conjunction] > from which source or origin whencea1568 the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > effect or result [conjunction] > as a result of which whence1738 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 18 This opinion is not French, but plaine Turckishe: from whens, som Frenche fetche moe faultes, than this. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Dd6^v Vertue..Whence spring all noble deedes and neuer dying fame. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 32 To lay down such Principles, as from whence it would follow, that any Real Entity in Nature did come from Nothing and go to Nothing. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xxix From whence I did then conclude..that Wine doth not inspire Politeness. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 111 Faith, the root whence only can arise The graces of a life that wins the skies. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 81 St. Ive..became a successful advocate, whence he is now venerated by Breton lawyers as their patron. 1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. ii. xiii. 400 During its revolution a tip bows or nods successively to all points of the compass; whence the name nutation. III. As a noun. 5. That from which something comes or arises; place of origin; source.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > place of origin and early development wombc1400 promptuary?a1425 seminairc1440 nursery1509 matrice1555 seed plot1556 matrix1586 seminary1592 seedbed1618 nidus1807 whence1832 breeding-place1841 breeding-ground1856 breeding range1890 whenceness1922 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun] > product of inferring, an inference > source of whence1832 1832 J. L. Motley Let. 1 July in Corr. (1889) I. ii. 18 I was summoned before the Senate of the University, and then wrote my name and my whences and whats, etc., etc., in a great book. 1869 A. D. Whitney Hitherto xviii. 242 We start from some whence, and are expressed through to somewhere. 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) i. iv. 30 Uncertain as to the Whence and Whither of humanity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.conj.n.a1300
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