whitecapn.

Brit.

/ˈwʌɪtkap/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)waɪtˌkæp/

Forms: see white adj. and n. and cap n.¹ Also with capital initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., cap n.¹

Etymology: < white adj. + cap n.¹In sense 1a in early use (in quots. 1607, 1652) after French †Chapperons-blancs, plural noun (1600 in the passage translated in quot. 1607, or earlier; Middle French Blancs Chaperons : see white hat n.).

1. Chiefly in plural. Usually with capital initial(s).

a. A person who wears a white cap, esp. to indicate membership of a particular group or faction. Now rare.In quots. 1607 and 1652 = white hat n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action or behaviour of gangs of hooligans > member of gang of hooligans

whitecap1607

shrove-prentice1638

Mohock?1711

sweater1712

highbinder1806

hoodlum1871

hooligan1898

hood1930

skolly1934

tear-away1938

gunsel1942

Teddy boy1954

hell's angel1956

angel1965

bikie1967

skinhead1969

bovver boy1970

boot-boy1977

casual1980

1607 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Serres in tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France ii. 50 He made a search in the Cittie of Bruges..for such as had beene of the faction of White Cappes [Fr. Chapperons-blancs].

1652 A. Ross Hist. World ii. v. ix. 295 Leon in his absence marcheth with his white-caps to Bruges, to whom the faint-hearted Towns-men surrender themselves.

1722 Coll. Misc. Lett. Mist's Weekly Jrnl. I. lvi. 172 She in a little Time raised the whole Regiment of White-Caps [sc. Wives], who soon came in a full Body with Madam at their Head.

1783 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia IV. 187 His followers were termed Zagan Makalata, or White Caps.

1834 C. Gützlaff Sketch of Chinese Hist. II. xvii. 60 They were divided into two hostile sects, the Red and White-caps, a designation derived from the respective colour of the turbans they wore.

1875 Once a Week 18 Sept. 27/2 Presently a Whitecap..gave me an equally ineffective dig with his bayonet on the epaulette.

1906 East of Asia Mag. 5 119 The ‘White Caps’ triumphed savagely over their hated foes.

b. U.S. A member of a violent vigilante group active in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Now historical.The group targeted members of both the white and black populations, but in Southern states it became particularly associated with the anti-black violence of the post-Reconstruction period.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > vigilante committee > member of vigilante band or committee > specific

white dockc1000

whitecap1887

witdoek1980

1887 Chicago Tribune 23 Jan. 3/5 (heading) A party of brutes called ‘White Caps’ flog their neighbors.

1896 Med. Rec. 19 Dec. 897/1 It will be dollars to doughnuts that he will be shot for a whitecap.

1899 Harper's Weekly 9 Sept. 900/2 At Greenwood, South Carolina, Whitecaps have been beating peaceable negroes.

1905 N.Y. Times 9 Apr. 1 Mrs. Sarah Pilor..was taken from her bed at midnight by White Caps last night and severely beaten with switches.

1969 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 35 166 The Whitecaps..modeled themselves partly on earlier terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan... There is no evidence, however, that Whitecaps wore costumes.

2011 A. R. Coggins Tennessee Trag. 220/1 Any blacks believed to be of bad character were to be taken into custody by the White Caps.

2. Any of several birds having a white or pale patch on the head. In later use English regional (west midlands). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > head > bird having particular colour

blackhead1658

black cap1668

whitecap1668

whitehead1686

redhead1709

1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 78 Passeres..Montanus..the White-Cap.

1874 T. Belt Naturalist in Nicaragua 138 The white-cap (Microchera parvirostris, Lawr.), the smallest of thirteen different kinds of humming-birds that I noticed around Santo Domingo.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 13 Redstart... The male is called ‘whitecap’ in Shropshire, from its white forehead.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 22 Whitethroat..(from its grey head)..Whitecap.

3. A white-capped or crested wave; a breaker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > white-crested

whitecap1773

white horse1805

seahorse1877

skipper's daughters1888

wave-horse1888

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > breaker

sea-breach1620

flash1627

breaker1684

whitecap1773

outbreaker1801

comber1840

pounder1927

shore break1962

1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 458 None, or very few white-caps (or waves whose tops turn over in foam) appeared.

1838 A. Gray Let. 12 Aug. (1893) I. 71 We had a strong head wind..: the surface of the lake was covered with white-caps.

1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 375/1 Numerous reefs..marked by white-caps where the ebb tide rushed over them.

1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xi. 203 On opening his mouth for air a gigantic white-cap promptly broke over his head and left him spluttering.

2002 M. W. Finkelstein Canoeing Continent vii. 71 There are whitecaps on the water now, and the clouds are becoming increasingly menacing.

4. More fully whitecap mushroom. Any of several agarics having white or cream-coloured caps, esp. the horse mushroom, Agaricus arvensis, and the common cultivated Agaricus bisporus. Also in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of

champignon1578

meadow mushroom1597

goat's beard1640

button mushroom1708

flap1744

flab?18..

whitecap1801

nutmeg-boletus1813

blewits1830

mitre mushroom1854

St. George's mushroom1854

springer1860

cheese-room1865

horse mushroom1866

oyster mushroom1875

redmilk1882

beef-steak fungus1886

blusher1887

shaggy cap1894

shaggy mane1895

maitake1905

shiitake1925

oysterc1950

miller1954

porcino1954

saffron milk cap1954

old man of the woods1972

portobello1985

1801 J. Sowerby Coloured Figures Eng. Fungi (1803) III. Tab. CCCIV I have seen many [of Agaricus Georgii] equally large at Stapleford Abbot, in Essex, where the people call them White-caps.

1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 June 348/2 This [sc. St George's Mushroom] is called White Caps, and a stout fellow he is.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. White-caps,..Agaricus arvensis..Horse Mushroom.

1939 Amer. Cookery Jan. 341/2 The vividly attired young women are trained to know when and how to pick the white-caps.

2008 M. C. Nascimento Nunes Color Atlas Postharvest Quality of Fruits & Veg. 413/2 White cap mushrooms are harvested by maturity and not by size.

Derivatives

ˈwhitecapism n. now rare. the principles or practices of the Whitecaps (sense 1b).

ΚΠ

1888 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 23 Dec. 8/1 It may be claimed for whitecapism that, unlike other forms of mobocracy, it is calculated to have some preventive virtue in taking prompt cognizance of minor immoralities.

1904 N.Y. Evening Post 21 Dec. 3 The disgrace of whitecapism, which has retarded the development of the State of Mississippi.

1917 T. J. Bailey Prohibition in Mississippi 82 As the consumption of liquor decreased, such practices as gambling, lottery, whitecapism..and killing decreased pari passu.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	whitecap
释义	whitecapn. Brit. /ˈwʌɪtkap/, U.S. /ˈ(h)waɪtˌkæp/ Forms: see white adj. and n. and cap n.¹ Also with capital initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., cap n.¹ Etymology: < white adj. + cap n.¹In sense 1a in early use (in quots. 1607, 1652) after French †Chapperons-blancs, plural noun (1600 in the passage translated in quot. 1607, or earlier; Middle French Blancs Chaperons : see white hat n.). 1. Chiefly in plural. Usually with capital initial(s). a. A person who wears a white cap, esp. to indicate membership of a particular group or faction. Now rare.In quots. 1607 and 1652 = white hat n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action or behaviour of gangs of hooligans > member of gang of hooligans whitecap1607 shrove-prentice1638 Mohock?1711 sweater1712 highbinder1806 hoodlum1871 hooligan1898 hood1930 skolly1934 tear-away1938 gunsel1942 Teddy boy1954 hell's angel1956 angel1965 bikie1967 skinhead1969 bovver boy1970 boot-boy1977 casual1980 1607 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Serres in tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France ii. 50 He made a search in the Cittie of Bruges..for such as had beene of the faction of White Cappes [Fr. Chapperons-blancs]. 1652 A. Ross Hist. World ii. v. ix. 295 Leon in his absence marcheth with his white-caps to Bruges, to whom the faint-hearted Towns-men surrender themselves. 1722 Coll. Misc. Lett. Mist's Weekly Jrnl. I. lvi. 172 She in a little Time raised the whole Regiment of White-Caps [sc. Wives], who soon came in a full Body with Madam at their Head. 1783 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia IV. 187 His followers were termed Zagan Makalata, or White Caps. 1834 C. Gützlaff Sketch of Chinese Hist. II. xvii. 60 They were divided into two hostile sects, the Red and White-caps, a designation derived from the respective colour of the turbans they wore. 1875 Once a Week 18 Sept. 27/2 Presently a Whitecap..gave me an equally ineffective dig with his bayonet on the epaulette. 1906 East of Asia Mag. 5 119 The ‘White Caps’ triumphed savagely over their hated foes. b. U.S. A member of a violent vigilante group active in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Now historical.The group targeted members of both the white and black populations, but in Southern states it became particularly associated with the anti-black violence of the post-Reconstruction period. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > vigilante committee > member of vigilante band or committee > specific white dockc1000 whitecap1887 witdoek1980 1887 Chicago Tribune 23 Jan. 3/5 (heading) A party of brutes called ‘White Caps’ flog their neighbors. 1896 Med. Rec. 19 Dec. 897/1 It will be dollars to doughnuts that he will be shot for a whitecap. 1899 Harper's Weekly 9 Sept. 900/2 At Greenwood, South Carolina, Whitecaps have been beating peaceable negroes. 1905 N.Y. Times 9 Apr. 1 Mrs. Sarah Pilor..was taken from her bed at midnight by White Caps last night and severely beaten with switches. 1969 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 35 166 The Whitecaps..modeled themselves partly on earlier terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan... There is no evidence, however, that Whitecaps wore costumes. 2011 A. R. Coggins Tennessee Trag. 220/1 Any blacks believed to be of bad character were to be taken into custody by the White Caps. 2. Any of several birds having a white or pale patch on the head. In later use English regional (west midlands). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > head > bird having particular colour blackhead1658 black cap1668 whitecap1668 whitehead1686 redhead1709 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 78 Passeres..Montanus..the White-Cap. 1874 T. Belt Naturalist in Nicaragua 138 The white-cap (Microchera parvirostris, Lawr.), the smallest of thirteen different kinds of humming-birds that I noticed around Santo Domingo. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 13 Redstart... The male is called ‘whitecap’ in Shropshire, from its white forehead. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 22 Whitethroat..(from its grey head)..Whitecap. 3. A white-capped or crested wave; a breaker. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > white-crested whitecap1773 white horse1805 seahorse1877 skipper's daughters1888 wave-horse1888 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > breaker sea-breach1620 flash1627 breaker1684 whitecap1773 outbreaker1801 comber1840 pounder1927 shore break1962 1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 458 None, or very few white-caps (or waves whose tops turn over in foam) appeared. 1838 A. Gray Let. 12 Aug. (1893) I. 71 We had a strong head wind..: the surface of the lake was covered with white-caps. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 375/1 Numerous reefs..marked by white-caps where the ebb tide rushed over them. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xi. 203 On opening his mouth for air a gigantic white-cap promptly broke over his head and left him spluttering. 2002 M. W. Finkelstein Canoeing Continent vii. 71 There are whitecaps on the water now, and the clouds are becoming increasingly menacing. 4. More fully whitecap mushroom. Any of several agarics having white or cream-coloured caps, esp. the horse mushroom, Agaricus arvensis, and the common cultivated Agaricus bisporus. Also in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of champignon1578 meadow mushroom1597 goat's beard1640 button mushroom1708 flap1744 flab?18.. whitecap1801 nutmeg-boletus1813 blewits1830 mitre mushroom1854 St. George's mushroom1854 springer1860 cheese-room1865 horse mushroom1866 oyster mushroom1875 redmilk1882 beef-steak fungus1886 blusher1887 shaggy cap1894 shaggy mane1895 maitake1905 shiitake1925 oysterc1950 miller1954 porcino1954 saffron milk cap1954 old man of the woods1972 portobello1985 1801 J. Sowerby Coloured Figures Eng. Fungi (1803) III. Tab. CCCIV I have seen many [of Agaricus Georgii] equally large at Stapleford Abbot, in Essex, where the people call them White-caps. 1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 June 348/2 This [sc. St George's Mushroom] is called White Caps, and a stout fellow he is. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. White-caps,..Agaricus arvensis..Horse Mushroom. 1939 Amer. Cookery Jan. 341/2 The vividly attired young women are trained to know when and how to pick the white-caps. 2008 M. C. Nascimento Nunes Color Atlas Postharvest Quality of Fruits & Veg. 413/2 White cap mushrooms are harvested by maturity and not by size. Derivatives ˈwhitecapism n. now rare. the principles or practices of the Whitecaps (sense 1b). ΚΠ 1888 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 23 Dec. 8/1 It may be claimed for whitecapism that, unlike other forms of mobocracy, it is calculated to have some preventive virtue in taking prompt cognizance of minor immoralities. 1904 N.Y. Evening Post 21 Dec. 3 The disgrace of whitecapism, which has retarded the development of the State of Mississippi. 1917 T. J. Bailey Prohibition in Mississippi 82 As the consumption of liquor decreased, such practices as gambling, lottery, whitecapism..and killing decreased pari passu. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). whitecapv. Brit. /ˈwʌɪtkap/, U.S. /ˈ(h)waɪtˌkæp/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: whitecap n. Etymology: < whitecap n. (compare whitecap n. 1b). Compare slightly earlier whitecapper n., whitecapping n. U.S. Now historical. transitive. To assault (a person) in the manner of a Whitecap (whitecap n. 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > treat violently [verb (transitive)] > in specific manner Mohock1712 whitecap1889 massage1927 1889 Boston Daily Globe 25 Jan. 8/8 Welch intact: Not White Capped again as reported... Late Wednesday evening the news of the alleged horsewhipping of Welch reached the Globe office. 1899 Polit. Sci. Q. 14 374 A white jury awarded a negro $50,000 damages against six white men who..had ‘whitecapped’ him. 1908 D. G. Phillips Old Wives for New iv. 68 If he wasn't such a wonderful doctor he'd have been white-capped long ago—tarred and feathered and railed out of town. 2007 E. Arnesen Encycl. U.S. Labor & Working-class Hist. 330/2 A re-activated militia deported over 200 union leaders to Kansas and New Mexico; hundreds of others fled or were ‘whitecapped’ out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1607v.1889
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whitecapn.

Derivatives

whitecapv.