whitefishn.

Brit.

/ˈwʌɪtfɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)waɪtˌfɪʃ/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, whitefishes.

Forms: late Middle English whitfishe (in a late copy), 1500s whitt fyshe, 1600s– whitefish; also Scottish pre-1700 quhite fisch, pre-1700 quhite fische, pre-1700 quhite fissch, pre-1700 quhit fische, pre-1700 quhyte fisch, pre-1700 quhyte fishe, pre-1700 quhyt fysch, pre-1700 quhytt fisch, pre-1700 whyte fish, pre-1700 whyt fish, pre-1700 whyt fishe.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., fish n.¹

Etymology: < white adj. + fish n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch witvissch sweet-water fish (Dutch witvis, †witvisch, denoting any of various white-coloured, usually small, fishes), early modern German wīzuisch, wyszfisch (15th cent.; German Weißfisch), denoting various small, white-coloured fishes, and also post-classical Latin albus piscis (from 13th cent. in British sources, perhaps in sense ‘whiting’; from 14th cent. in continental sources, denoting various fishes of a white colour).In sense 2 ultimately after Old Russian běluga (Russian beluga : see beluga n.), via French poisson blanc or early modern German weisfisch (both 1656 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1662). In sense 3 originally after French poisson blanc (1698, in the passage translated in quot. 1698, or earlier in this sense).

1. Originally: any of numerous fishes of a silvery colour, esp. one without spots or ornamental colours (now rare except in sense 3). In later use also: any fish having white, non-oily flesh, esp. any of certain demersal marine fishes such as cod, haddock, whiting, sole, and plaice; (as a mass noun) the flesh of such fishes. Cf. red fish n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

1482 in Edinb. Charters (1871) 168 Of ilk laid of quhitefisch or hering..and of the i^c grete fisch as keling [etc.].

c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 82 Samon heringe hake whitfishe.

c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Bvj^v This firth is rycht plentuus of coclis, osteris [etc.]..with gret plente of quhit fische.

1613 W. Welwood Abridgem. Sea-lawes xvii. 72 Aforetime the white fishes daily abounded euen into all the shoares on the Easterne coast of Scotland.

1692 A. Symson Large Descr. Galloway (1823) 25 Upon the coast of this parish are many sorts of white fish taken; one kind whereof is called by the inhabitants Greyheads.

1706 Articles of Union 48 The Laws and Acts of Parliament in Scotland, for Pining, Curing and Packing of Herring, White Fish and Salmon for Export.

1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 133 Carshalton-river, abounding with trouts and other white fishes.

1805 D. Macpherson Ann. Commerce II. 18 The 60th act of the 4th Parliament of king James VI, enjoins all fishers of herring, or other white fish, to bring their fish to free ports.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xii. 198 The great pike splashed out from the weedy shores, sending the whitefish flying in shoals.

1906 Macmillan's Mag. July 676 Butterbeans somewhat resemble white fish in colour.

1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) viii. 96 The white fish such as cod or sole are more easily digested than oily fish.

1980 Gourmet Feb. 44/1 Sashimi, much the same except for the substitution of a soy-based dipping sauce for the vinegar sauce and the inclusion of both red and white fish.

1997 Food & Wine Sept. 26/2 The slow-ripening oats, berries and tomatoes, the whitefish of our cold northern seas, the sweet hill lamb and the world-famous Aberdeen Angus beef can not be beaten for quality.

2007 Tate Etc. Spring 105/2 Later the bottom-living white fishes such as hake, redfish and cod showed unmistakable signs of reproductive failure.

2. The white whale or beluga, Delphinapterus leucas. Formerly also: †the beluga sturgeon, Huso huso (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Huso

beluga1591

whitefish1662

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Monodontidae > genus Delphinapterus (white whale)

beluga1605

white whale1635

whitefish1792

porpoise1841

sea-canary1879

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors iv. 165 A Fisherman..took a Bieluga or white-fish [Fr. vn poisson blanc; Ger. Weisfisch], which was above eight foot long, and above four broad.

1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 31 It [sc. the River Oby] abounds in Fish, such as Sturgeon, White fish or Belluja's, and others.

1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 611 The White-fish are likewise in these Seas, like a Whale, but without Fins on the Back.

1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. III. p. x Whitefish, a fish of the Porpoise kind.

1896 W. T. Brannt Pract. Treat. Animal & Veg. Fats & Oils (ed. 2) II. i. xv. 50 The white whale, white fish, or beluga, inhabits the seas above 50° north latitude.

1919 Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. XIV. 336 Hands should be greased with oil..which at Kittegaryuit, white fish oil (beluga) for losch skin sticks so easily.

1958 C. D. Brower King of Arctic i. 18 The women brought fresh water in a bucket and carefully poured some on the spouthole of the dead whitefish.

3. Chiefly North American. Any of numerous salmonid fishes of the genus Coregonus and related genera of the subfamily Coregoninae, found mainly in fresh water, and often valued as food. Frequently with distinguishing word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Coregonus (whitefish) > member of

whiting1587

gwyniad1612

powan1633

whitefish1698

tittimeg1705

omul1706

pollack1707

pollan1714

skelly1740

vendace1769

tullibee1789

ferra1807

roundfish1821

herring-salmon1836

shad-salmon1842

mountain herring1877

bluefin1878

grayling1879

shad-waiter1879

houting1880

kilch1881

Menominee1882

gizzard-fish1883

1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. vii. 32 At this Place they take an infinite quantity of white Fish [Fr. de poissons blancs], Sturgeons, and all other sorts of Fishes.

1748 H. Ellis Voy. Hudson's-Bay 185 Called by the French, White Fish, but by the Indians and English, Titymagg.

1778 T. Hutchins Topogr. Descr. Virginia 47 Lake Erie has a great variety of fine fish, such as Sturgeon, Eel, White Fish.

1819 St. Louis Enquirer 8 Dec. In consequence of the shoals of white-fish which occupied and choaked the channel between Bois Blanc Island and Amherstburgh, the steamboat could not pass.

1899 Rep. Commissioner 1898 (U.S. Commission Fish & Fisheries) p. cxlii In certain very deep waters [of Lake Superior]..there has recently been a remarkable increase in the abundance of the Bluefin whitefish.

1935 P. S. Welch Limnology xii. 287 It has been claimed..that in the Great Lakes, the whitefish and certain others exhibit a horizontal depth stratification.

1997 Outdoor Canada Summer 32/1 Several of Willmore's rivers and streams have superb fishing..for hefty bull trout and mountain whitefish. Top-notch rivers include the Smoky, Berland and Muskeg.

2005 Daily Tel. 4 Feb. 6/5 Efforts are being made to save a rare species of whitefish [sc. the gwyniad]—found only in a remote lake in North Wales—from extinction.

Derivatives

white ˈfisher n. [ < white adj. + fisher n.¹, after whitefish n.] a person who catches white fish (sense 1) for a living.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for white fish

white fisher1528

1528 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 121 All the quhit fischaris..consentit to gif to thair chaplane..xii d. in the yeir.

1760 Answers A. Brodie 30 William Mason, white Fisher, aged 70 and upwards.

1892 Daily News 26 Mar. 3/3 The rights of the salmon fishers have been protected, and at the same time the rights of the white fishers have been established.

2003 J. Nadel-Klein Fishing for Heritage ii. 26 In 1696, white fishers in Kincardine sought relief from the Poll Tax.

white ˈfishery n. [ < white adj. + fishery n., after whitefish n.] the occupation or industry of catching white fish (sense 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for white fish

white fishing1600

white fishery1714

1714 Brit. Merchant 6 Apr. It did not serve his purpose to say any thing of the French White-Fishery.

1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports viii. ii. 955 The British fisheries, which, besides the herring, embrace the cod, the ling, haddock, skate, halibut, turbot, &c. are collectively termed the white fishery.

2007 J. Morecroft Strategic Modelling & Business Dynamics ii. 33 In the late 1990s, the 370-year-old fishing community of Gloucester, Massachusetts found itself in economic decline due to the collapse of the white fishery.

white ˈfishing n. [ < white adj. + fishing n.¹, after whitefish n.] the occupation or industry of catching white fish (sense 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for white fish

white fishing1600

white fishery1714

1600 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1890) VI. 341/1 Cum lie stelyair, halecum et salmonum piscationibus et lie quhite-fischingis.

1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 79 Excelling any other place of the King of Brittan's Dominions for Herring, White and Grey Fishing.

1990 W. D. Valgardson in L. Hutcheon & M. Richmond Other Solitudes 129 They..went north for fall fishing and winter fishing and went still further north for whitefishing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	whitefish
释义	whitefishn. Brit. /ˈwʌɪtfɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈ(h)waɪtˌfɪʃ/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, whitefishes. Forms: late Middle English whitfishe (in a late copy), 1500s whitt fyshe, 1600s– whitefish; also Scottish pre-1700 quhite fisch, pre-1700 quhite fische, pre-1700 quhite fissch, pre-1700 quhit fische, pre-1700 quhyte fisch, pre-1700 quhyte fishe, pre-1700 quhyt fysch, pre-1700 quhytt fisch, pre-1700 whyte fish, pre-1700 whyt fish, pre-1700 whyt fishe. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., fish n.¹ Etymology: < white adj. + fish n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch witvissch sweet-water fish (Dutch witvis, †witvisch, denoting any of various white-coloured, usually small, fishes), early modern German wīzuisch, wyszfisch (15th cent.; German Weißfisch), denoting various small, white-coloured fishes, and also post-classical Latin albus piscis (from 13th cent. in British sources, perhaps in sense ‘whiting’; from 14th cent. in continental sources, denoting various fishes of a white colour).In sense 2 ultimately after Old Russian běluga (Russian beluga : see beluga n.), via French poisson blanc or early modern German weisfisch (both 1656 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1662). In sense 3 originally after French poisson blanc (1698, in the passage translated in quot. 1698, or earlier in this sense). 1. Originally: any of numerous fishes of a silvery colour, esp. one without spots or ornamental colours (now rare except in sense 3). In later use also: any fish having white, non-oily flesh, esp. any of certain demersal marine fishes such as cod, haddock, whiting, sole, and plaice; (as a mass noun) the flesh of such fishes. Cf. red fish n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 1482 in Edinb. Charters (1871) 168 Of ilk laid of quhitefisch or hering..and of the i^c grete fisch as keling [etc.]. c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 82 Samon heringe hake whitfishe. c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Bvj^v This firth is rycht plentuus of coclis, osteris [etc.]..with gret plente of quhit fische. 1613 W. Welwood Abridgem. Sea-lawes xvii. 72 Aforetime the white fishes daily abounded euen into all the shoares on the Easterne coast of Scotland. 1692 A. Symson Large Descr. Galloway (1823) 25 Upon the coast of this parish are many sorts of white fish taken; one kind whereof is called by the inhabitants Greyheads. 1706 Articles of Union 48 The Laws and Acts of Parliament in Scotland, for Pining, Curing and Packing of Herring, White Fish and Salmon for Export. 1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 133 Carshalton-river, abounding with trouts and other white fishes. 1805 D. Macpherson Ann. Commerce II. 18 The 60th act of the 4th Parliament of king James VI, enjoins all fishers of herring, or other white fish, to bring their fish to free ports. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xii. 198 The great pike splashed out from the weedy shores, sending the whitefish flying in shoals. 1906 Macmillan's Mag. July 676 Butterbeans somewhat resemble white fish in colour. 1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) viii. 96 The white fish such as cod or sole are more easily digested than oily fish. 1980 Gourmet Feb. 44/1 Sashimi, much the same except for the substitution of a soy-based dipping sauce for the vinegar sauce and the inclusion of both red and white fish. 1997 Food & Wine Sept. 26/2 The slow-ripening oats, berries and tomatoes, the whitefish of our cold northern seas, the sweet hill lamb and the world-famous Aberdeen Angus beef can not be beaten for quality. 2007 Tate Etc. Spring 105/2 Later the bottom-living white fishes such as hake, redfish and cod showed unmistakable signs of reproductive failure. 2. The white whale or beluga, Delphinapterus leucas. Formerly also: †the beluga sturgeon, Huso huso (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Huso beluga1591 whitefish1662 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Monodontidae > genus Delphinapterus (white whale) beluga1605 white whale1635 whitefish1792 porpoise1841 sea-canary1879 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors iv. 165 A Fisherman..took a Bieluga or white-fish [Fr. vn poisson blanc; Ger. Weisfisch], which was above eight foot long, and above four broad. 1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 31 It [sc. the River Oby] abounds in Fish, such as Sturgeon, White fish or Belluja's, and others. 1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 611 The White-fish are likewise in these Seas, like a Whale, but without Fins on the Back. 1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. III. p. x Whitefish, a fish of the Porpoise kind. 1896 W. T. Brannt Pract. Treat. Animal & Veg. Fats & Oils (ed. 2) II. i. xv. 50 The white whale, white fish, or beluga, inhabits the seas above 50° north latitude. 1919 Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. XIV. 336 Hands should be greased with oil..which at Kittegaryuit, white fish oil (beluga) for losch skin sticks so easily. 1958 C. D. Brower King of Arctic i. 18 The women brought fresh water in a bucket and carefully poured some on the spouthole of the dead whitefish. 3. Chiefly North American. Any of numerous salmonid fishes of the genus Coregonus and related genera of the subfamily Coregoninae, found mainly in fresh water, and often valued as food. Frequently with distinguishing word. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Coregonus (whitefish) > member of whiting1587 gwyniad1612 powan1633 whitefish1698 tittimeg1705 omul1706 pollack1707 pollan1714 skelly1740 vendace1769 tullibee1789 ferra1807 roundfish1821 herring-salmon1836 shad-salmon1842 mountain herring1877 bluefin1878 grayling1879 shad-waiter1879 houting1880 kilch1881 Menominee1882 gizzard-fish1883 1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. vii. 32 At this Place they take an infinite quantity of white Fish [Fr. de poissons blancs], Sturgeons, and all other sorts of Fishes. 1748 H. Ellis Voy. Hudson's-Bay 185 Called by the French, White Fish, but by the Indians and English, Titymagg. 1778 T. Hutchins Topogr. Descr. Virginia 47 Lake Erie has a great variety of fine fish, such as Sturgeon, Eel, White Fish. 1819 St. Louis Enquirer 8 Dec. In consequence of the shoals of white-fish which occupied and choaked the channel between Bois Blanc Island and Amherstburgh, the steamboat could not pass. 1899 Rep. Commissioner 1898 (U.S. Commission Fish & Fisheries) p. cxlii In certain very deep waters [of Lake Superior]..there has recently been a remarkable increase in the abundance of the Bluefin whitefish. 1935 P. S. Welch Limnology xii. 287 It has been claimed..that in the Great Lakes, the whitefish and certain others exhibit a horizontal depth stratification. 1997 Outdoor Canada Summer 32/1 Several of Willmore's rivers and streams have superb fishing..for hefty bull trout and mountain whitefish. Top-notch rivers include the Smoky, Berland and Muskeg. 2005 Daily Tel. 4 Feb. 6/5 Efforts are being made to save a rare species of whitefish [sc. the gwyniad]—found only in a remote lake in North Wales—from extinction. Derivatives white ˈfisher n. [ < white adj. + fisher n.¹, after whitefish n.] a person who catches white fish (sense 1) for a living. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for white fish white fisher1528 1528 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 121 All the quhit fischaris..consentit to gif to thair chaplane..xii d. in the yeir. 1760 Answers A. Brodie 30 William Mason, white Fisher, aged 70 and upwards. 1892 Daily News 26 Mar. 3/3 The rights of the salmon fishers have been protected, and at the same time the rights of the white fishers have been established. 2003 J. Nadel-Klein Fishing for Heritage ii. 26 In 1696, white fishers in Kincardine sought relief from the Poll Tax. white ˈfishery n. [ < white adj. + fishery n., after whitefish n.] the occupation or industry of catching white fish (sense 1). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for white fish white fishing1600 white fishery1714 1714 Brit. Merchant 6 Apr. It did not serve his purpose to say any thing of the French White-Fishery. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports viii. ii. 955 The British fisheries, which, besides the herring, embrace the cod, the ling, haddock, skate, halibut, turbot, &c. are collectively termed the white fishery. 2007 J. Morecroft Strategic Modelling & Business Dynamics ii. 33 In the late 1990s, the 370-year-old fishing community of Gloucester, Massachusetts found itself in economic decline due to the collapse of the white fishery. white ˈfishing n. [ < white adj. + fishing n.¹, after whitefish n.] the occupation or industry of catching white fish (sense 1). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for white fish white fishing1600 white fishery1714 1600 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1890) VI. 341/1 Cum lie stelyair, halecum et salmonum piscationibus et lie quhite-fischingis. 1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 79 Excelling any other place of the King of Brittan's Dominions for Herring, White and Grey Fishing. 1990 W. D. Valgardson in L. Hutcheon & M. Richmond Other Solitudes 129 They..went north for fall fishing and winter fishing and went still further north for whitefishing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1482
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