buildingn.

Brit.

/ˈbɪldɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbɪldɪŋ/

Forms: see build v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English beledyng, Middle English billedyng.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: build v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < build v. + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old English bytlung building ( < bytlian (see build v.) + -ing suffix¹); the prefixed form gebytlung (compare y- prefix) is also attested. With Middle English forms such as billyng , bylynge , etc., compare Forms 1β. at build v.

1. A thing which is built or constructed; esp. a large, permanently standing structure with a roof and walls which enclose an interior space that may be entered and used for a particular purpose, for example as a dwelling, a workplace, a school, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > construction

building1297

performinga1425

facturec1425

constructionc1440

construingc1440

making-upa1525

compoundingc1529

composition1555

frame1558

compacting1561

composing1574

architecture1590

composure1609

fabric1611

compiling1624

compagination1646

confection1652

composal1700

constitutinga1713

constructure1712

constructing1788

confecting1863

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun]

bottleeOE

houseeOE

boldOE

building1297

builda1387

edificec1386

mansion1389

bigginga1400

housinga1400

edification1432

edifying1432

fabric1483

edify1555

structure1560

erection1609

framec1639

bastiment1679

drum1846

dump1899

gaff1932

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5496 Þer nas of olde house in þe londe non, Þat he ne amendede wiþ som lond, oþer mid buldinge [c1425 Harl. byldynge].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1774 Þe bildyngis fel boþe heȝe & lawe.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 244 This belding we made here Is for you.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij^v It..hath in it very fayre byldinges.

1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. x. 18 By much slouthfulnesse the building decayeth.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii Your holy buildings and your homes.

1854 J. Ruskin Lect. Archit. Add. 121 The essential thing in a building..is that it be strongly built, and fit for its uses.

1939 Fortune Nov. 70/2 There in a shabby old building with a shiny new annex, on Welton Street, near the business district, stands the Emily Griffith Opportunity School.

2022 Baltic Legal Updates (Nexis) 19 Mar. The Tenant was informed that the pet policy for renters changed in November, 2020 and that his pets were not allowed in the building.

a. The action of build v. (literal and figurative); the act of constructing, assembling, or setting something up.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun]

bigginga1325

rearinga1325

buildingc1394

edifying1432

upbringing1484

rising?a1500

upmaking1513

upbigging1525

edification1549

erecting1553

structure1604

erection1614

compilementa1639

architecture1646

exstruction1652

built1654

edifice1663

fabric1730

upbuilding1732

builth1805

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xvi. 6 The stoones..and the trees..maad redy to bildyng [a1382 Douce 369(1) the bilding; L. ædificationi].

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (1872) l. 1979 Of buyldyng [c1415 Corpus Oxf. buldyng, c1425 Petworth beeldinge, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 bildyng] vp of chirches.

1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 65 To be..applied..to the bildyng, sustentacion, and reparacion of the seid collage.

1507 Charter Edinb. Reg. House No. 709 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Beilding The beilding, bigging, and outredding of my auld tour and fortilese.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 501 In beldinge of tombes þei trauaileþ.

1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. viii. 551 In a Castle of his own Building.

1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1527 This carriage..had been three years in building.

1942 L. D. Rich We took to Woods vi. 171 It..forbids building of fires or smoking by anyone whatsoever.

1953 C. Bishop Larry of Little League ii. 25 I'm willing to give my time to the building of a Little League.

1992 Nat. World Winter 7/2 The property developer resubmitted an application for housing, which was granted, and building has begun.

2022 Business Wire (Nexis) 11 Apr. He was part of a four-person team that oversaw the building of a greenfield manufacturing plant.

†b. The form or quality of something designed or constructed; its structure, style, or nature. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > manner of construction

building1590

structure1597

fabricaturec1600

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 71 Suche buldynge was nowhere [emended in ed. to nowhere i-seie] on þis half Alpes.

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 4814 (MED) The gardyn and the cloos..Is remembred..For the faire, fresh beldyng.

1571 A. Jenkinson Early Voy. & Trav. (1886) I. 137 Not farre from the said Castle was a Nunnery of sumptuous building.

1685 N. Barbon Apol. for Builder 6 There are Bricklayers, Carpenters, Playsterers, and many more Traders, that build houses for him, and they make houses of the first, second, and third rate of building.

1748 Descr. County & Univ. Oxf. in T. Salmon Foreigner's Compan. Cambr. & Oxf. 87 Pembroke College..consists of two small Courts of Old Building.

3. A group of rooks; esp. a rookery.One of many alleged group terms originating in late Middle English glossarial sources; found only in glossaries until revived and popularized in the mid 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus frugilegus (rook) > group of

buildingc1470

rookery1662

a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 603 (MED) A byldynge of rokes.

?1477 in Lydgate’s Horse, Ghoos, & Sheep (Caxton) A Byldyng of rooks. A Clatering of chowhis.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi^v A Flight of swalowes a beldyng of Rookes a Murmuracion of stares.

1883 Standard 26 Sept. 5/1 Every one with any pretence to be gentle-folk spoke of..a building of rooks.

2010 L. Mitchell Slow Norfolk & Suffolk v. 129 It's an astonishing, almost primal event... No collective noun can adequately describe it: a building of rooks, a train of jackdaws.

Compounds

C1.

a. General use as a modifier, as in building contractor, building design, building industy, building trade, building work, etc.

1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker xvii. 189 Doe as the Israelits did..who for feare of the Samaritans..did performe the building worke with one hand, and held a sword in the other.

1711 J. Swift Misc. Prose & Verse 365 On Earth, the God of Wealth was made Sole Patron of the Building Trade.

1861 All Year Round 30 Mar. 34/1 Building regulations were useless where none thought of building.

1955 Times 8 July 3/3 The Government would have to look at the restrictive practices and rings in the building industry.

1970 Guardian 13 Feb. 7/8 Few building workers were eligible for redundancy payments.

1991 Progressive Archit. Feb. 39/3 A CAD wireframe or solid model can be imported..and rendered to create a highly convincing simulation of a proposed building design.

2004 RICS Business Mar. 38 (advt.) As a qualified Building Surveyor you will..be a member of an appropriate professional body such as MRICS or CIOB.

2022 Courier (Dundee) (Nexis) 11 Apr. 31 The business..describes itself as ‘renowned throughout Scotland’ as a building contractor who can be trusted to deliver on time and on budget.

b. General use as a modifier designating materials used for building, as in building-board, building-material, building-stone, building-tree, etc.

1551 Acte conc. Citee of Chester sig. a.j The merchauntes..cannot haue recourse, ne liberall and direct passage, in, and vpon thesaied riuer, with their Cogges, Kielles, Boates, fleutes, of buildyng timber, fewell, and other timber for makyng of shippes.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 210 The Oke, Elme and Ash..indeed are building trees.

1790 Pennsylv. Packet 2 Jan. 4/4 Bourdeaux rough hewn building stone.

1849 E. Chamberlain Indiana Gazetteer (ed. 3) 191 Excellent building rock and hydraulic cement are found in abundance.

1897 Daily News 29 Nov. 2/5 Messrs. J. Glover and Sons, building material dealers.

1917 U.S. Patent 1,227,767 29 May 1/2 Building board is put in place on the outside of a house..or secured on the inside.

2012 C. M. Jerlecki Tales of Mich. 98 Although hampered by the rise in the cost of building supplies brought about by the Chicago Fire, work on rebuilding the city began shortly afterwards.

c. General use as a modifier designating a place occupied by buildings or where building is done, as in building-estate, building-ground, building-land, building-lot, building-place, etc.

1608 D. Price Recusants Conversion 31 He lamented that his happinesse was not so much as the very Sparrow, and Swallow, that found a nest and building place in the Temple.

1701 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 357 Pasture, building lot, and long lott.

1802 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. VIII. 201 So many houses and works have been erected..that building spots now sell at a high price.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law vii. 48 Abutting upon building-ground belonging to the seller.

1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 758 The land is part of a building estate.

1905 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 7/1 The L.C.C. purchased squares at building-land price.

2013 B. E. Lipowski Birth of Base 14 The first jobs to be done..were to open the drainage ditches and construct temporary roads to transport..supplies to the building area.

C2. chiefly British. As a modifier, with the first element in plural form, as in buildings insurance, buildings policy, etc. Designating a policy insuring against damage to the structure of a building.Insurance of this type often also covers associated structures and integral components, such as wiring and plumbing.

ΘΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [adjective] > insurance policy types

tontine1790

whole-life1832

term1834

floating1839

all risks1885

third party1901

non-profit1905

knock for knock1906

stamped1913

warehouse to warehouse1922

without-profit(s)1924

with-profit(s)1924

loaded1928

unit-linked1966

no-fault1967

new-for-old1984

critical illness1986

1910 Financial Times 15 June. 6/6 £2,500 to buildings insurance fund.

1978 Insurance Rec. Nov. 7/2 The Northern Star Insurance Co Ltd..is reissuing buildings policies issued prior to April 1976 on an indemnity basis.

1984 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Sept. House contents premiums vary according to where your house is, while buildings premiums do not.

2022 Western Mail (Nexis) 27 May 15 In the first quarter of 2022 the average price paid for buildings insurance was £225.

C3.

building bee n. chiefly North American a social gathering to help erect the framework of a house or barn; = raising bee n.Chiefly historical after the 19th cent.

ΚΠ

1843 Sat. Mag. 20 May 186/2 There are ‘logging bees’, ‘chopping-bees’, and ‘raising or building bees’,..each implying an assembly of neighbours meeting to work jointly and simultaneously for a new-comer, in order that he may have a house to live in as soon as possible.

1849 G. F. A. Ruxton Life in Far West 257 A buildin' bee or a raisin' bee is, when they want to set up the frame or the logs of a house or barn.

1976 B. Broadfoot Pioneer Years 330 There will be a building bee at the John Brown place on the Centre Road this Wednesday starting at eight o'clock.

2021 J. I. Little Reading Diaries Henry Trent (e-book ed.) The fact he did not even participate in a building bee (aside from the one for his own barn) is notable.

building berth n. an inclined plane formed at the edge of a body of water on which ships or other vessels are constructed; = building slip n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired

launch1711

slip1769

shipway1840

building-slip1846

slippery path1846

1862 Leicester Jrnl. 10 Jan. 3/6 A spacious open shed is to be erected adjacent to the building berth of the Caledonia, to contain the smitheries.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 594/1 A framework of wood is built up over the entire building berth.

2020 Russia & CIS Business Mil. Weekly (Nexis) 21 Aug. The..missile cruiser, which is undergoing repairs at the Sevmash Shipyard, will be moved to the building berth on Tuesday.

building code n. any of various sets of rules or standards regarding the construction, maintenance, or use of a building, intended chiefly for the preservation of public health and safety.Building codes vary in different regions and jurisdictions; they are typically established by a government or local authority, with adherence required by law.

1806 B. T. Duhigg Hist. King's Inns iii. 598 I insert this building code to give the reader a complete copy of what are called Existing Rules.

1866 Freeman's Jrnl. 29 May Dr. Mapother summed up what he hoped for as necessary to improve the dwellings of the poor..: The enactment of a comprehensive building code.

1942 J. A. Mulligan Handbk. Brick Masonry Constr. 362 The building code of the City of New York uses the term ‘hollow wall’ instead of cavity wall.

2011 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 24 July (Herald-Times ed.) e3 (caption) Building codes may mandate metal reinforcing straps..for stability in high winds.

building consent n. now chiefly New Zealand formal approval from a local authority to construct, alter, or demolish a building or other structure; (also) an instance of this, or a document granting this.

ΘΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > formal or authoritative permission > a formal or authoritative permission

safe conduct?1404

licence1433

royalty1633

fiat1647

licent1676

liceat1686

privilege1715

sanction1720

smart ticket1734

post warrant1812

sanctionment1818

wine-warrant1857

carnet1926

1944 Advertiser (Adelaide) 31 July 7/3 The defendant admitted that being the holder of a building consent order..to erect a six-roomed stone building.., he uniformly failed to comply with all the conditions.

1981 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 7 June 4 Building consent is currently being sought to demolish Barlaston Hall, Staffordshire.

2009 G. Hunt First to Care 220/1 The..platform had been built without a building consent and was in breach of the Health and Safety in Employment Act.

building lease n. a lease of a piece of land which lets the lessee construct a building or other structure on the property.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > lease > types of

lease-parole1590

custodiam1617

concurrent lease1629

building-lease1858

mijnpacht1887

1696 Famous Tryal between T. Neale & Lady Ivy 7/2 There was a Lease lett by Richard Glover to Aaron Williams..'twas a building-Lease, and such part of it as Aaron Williams built not himself, he disposed of to others.

1728 Stamford Mercury 28 Mar. 101 Mr. George Graves, an eminent Builder, has taken of this City, upon a Building Lease of 61 Years, the Ground now lying Waste, call'd Petty-France, near Moorfields.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvii. 114 Powers..to grant building-leases.

1907 Manch. Guardian 2 Feb. 12/1 Building leases have been acquired and considerable capital expenditure has been..made in..the rebuilding of the West End premises.

2021 Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois) 16 June 4/6 The co-op has signed a 10-year building lease with Indiana-based Holladay Properties, which will have a private building groundbreaking to begin construction Thursday.

building line n. †(a) the outer limit of the buildings which constitute a city (obsolete rare); (b) a legally prescribed limit between a street and the buildings facing it beyond which the buildings must not extend.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > plans of buildings or structures > line beyond which building must not extend

building line1885

1694 S. Tomlyns Preaching of Christ 49 The Building-Line for the raising of this City should go forth, and be stretched over the Hill Gareb.

1837 Pensacola (Florida) Gaz. 30 Aug. 1/1 The owners of Lots on both sides of Zaragoza street..shall construct a Banquette, to be seven feet ten inches wide from the building line to the outside of the curb.

1925 Town Planning Rev. June 185 At corners shops should be kept back to the full building line to both streets.

2020 Times (Nexis) 13 Nov. (Bricks & Mortar section) 10 In planning law, planning authorities apply building lines formally and informally, and homeowners should check whether they would refuse planning permission to develop beyond the line.

building mover n. a person or company employed to move a building from one place to another; (also) a vehicle designed for this purpose.

ΚΠ

1838 Directory City Buffalo 59 Delong Clark, building mover.

1948 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. 13/7 Both were employed by the Associated Building Movers of Yonkers, which was transferring the last house from the area.

2022 Tampa Bay Times (Nexis) 31 Jan. A building mover quoted the cost at $150,000 and believed the structure was stable enough to relocate.

building paper n. originally U.S. a type of heavy paper used by builders as a covering or lining material, and now also used as a material for arts or crafts; = builder's paper n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > building paper

building paper1873

builder's paper1917

1869 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Reg. 3 Mar. The weather-boarding, inside walls, and shingling are of that material known as the ‘Rock River Company's Building Paper’.

1955 G. Bowen Wool Away! x. 115 Building paper should be used under the iron above the shearing board.

2022 Whanganui (N.Z.) Chron. (Nexis) 22 Mar. Fragments of building paper from the fire were found to contain asbestos after they were tested by Whanganui Public Health last week.

building rent n. Economics the interest or profit earned from capital invested in the construction of a building, as contrasted with ground rent (ground rent n. a).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > other types of profit

improvement?1449

mesne profitsa1558

intromissionc1650

emergencya1662

trading profit1717

building-rent1776

turn1796

sturt1850

redemption yield1921

hidden reserve1930

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 443 The building rent is the interest or profit of the capital expended in building the house.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. II. v. iii. §6. 380 If..a tax were laid on ground-rents..it..would put a stop to further building quite as effectually as if it were a tax on building-rents.

1985 H. Smyth Prop. Companies & Constr. Industry in Brit. ii. 57 The effects of a crisis at its deepest point on land and building rent are profound.

2016 Jrnl. Real Estate Res. 38 429 Smaller tenants' overall contribution to building rent is minimal.

building site n. an area of land where a structure is being or will be constructed, repaired, or renovated; = construction site n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific jobs are done > [noun] > construction sites

building-site1871

construction site1903

platform yard1973

1807 S. L. Mitchill Picture N.Y. xv. 162 In digging down the bank, a few years ago, to make wharves and building sites, a vast quantity of their bones were dislodged.

1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. iv. 52 They were driving home from an inspection of the new building-site.

1966 D. Jenkins Educated Society ii. 50 Constructive forces..have no more attraction than building sites.

2022 Evesham Jrnl. (Nexis) 11 Apr. Burglars broke into a building site, making off with plywood and timber.

building slip n. an inclined plane formed at the edge of a body of water on which ships or other vessels are constructed; = slip n.³ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired

launch1711

slip1769

shipway1840

building-slip1846

slippery path1846

1771 H. Pallisser et al. in Rep. Comm. to consider how Navy may be Better supplied with Timber (House of Commons) App. x. 73 It is the Opinion of the Surveyor of the Navy, that the Building Slips in each Yard, have new Ships set up on each of them.

1894 Times 1 Mar. 7/5 At Chatham, where the largest of the available building slips is being prepared for the reception of the new vessel.

2014 Ukraine Business Weekly (Nexis) 19 Nov. Chornomorsky Shipbuilding Yard..has two inclined building slips..to construct ships and vessels with deadweights of up to 105,000 tonnes.

† building term n. Obsolete a fixed period over which a building lease is in effect.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > lease > period of

building-term1705

lease1902

1705 London Gaz. No. 4158/4 They intend to Let to Farm a Building Term in several Houses.

1895 Times 9 Oct. 16/1 (advt.) Exceedingly valuable lease, held at a ground-rent, with the right to a building term upon most favourable conditions.

building yard n. an enclosed area of land, adjoining the sea, a river, etc., where ships, boats, or other craft are built.

ΘΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun]

boat haw1598

shipyard1685

boatyard1708

1679 True News 24 Dec. 48 His Majesty hath been pleased to appoint Sir Anthony Deane, one of the present Commissioners of the Navy, to be the Comptroller of all his Building Yards in the Kingdom of England.

1793 T. Nicols Meth. proposed decreasing Consumption Timber 30 All Oak Timber intended for ship-building should be sent to the building-yards.

1861 Mitchell's Maritime Reg. 890 There was launched from the building-yard of Messrs. J. and J. Hall, at Arbroath, a beautifully modelled jackass barque, named the Princess Alice.

1965 All Hands (U.S. Bureau Naval Personnel) June 13/1 Senior petty officers..are ordered to join the commanding officer at the building yard about six months before completion of the ship to permit them to obtain detailed firsthand knowledge of their ship and jobs.

2016 W. D. Sullivan Sea Detail viii. 120 For the new ships, we conducted crew certification inspections which were required before they could sail out of the building yard.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	building
释义	buildingn. Brit. /ˈbɪldɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ Forms: see build v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English beledyng, Middle English billedyng. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: build v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < build v. + -ing suffix¹.Compare Old English bytlung building ( < bytlian (see build v.) + -ing suffix¹); the prefixed form gebytlung (compare y- prefix) is also attested. With Middle English forms such as billyng , bylynge , etc., compare Forms 1β. at build v. 1. A thing which is built or constructed; esp. a large, permanently standing structure with a roof and walls which enclose an interior space that may be entered and used for a particular purpose, for example as a dwelling, a workplace, a school, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > construction building1297 performinga1425 facturec1425 constructionc1440 construingc1440 making-upa1525 compoundingc1529 composition1555 frame1558 compacting1561 composing1574 architecture1590 composure1609 fabric1611 compiling1624 compagination1646 confection1652 composal1700 constitutinga1713 constructure1712 constructing1788 confecting1863 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun] bottleeOE houseeOE boldOE building1297 builda1387 edificec1386 mansion1389 bigginga1400 housinga1400 edification1432 edifying1432 fabric1483 edify1555 structure1560 erection1609 framec1639 bastiment1679 drum1846 dump1899 gaff1932 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5496 Þer nas of olde house in þe londe non, Þat he ne amendede wiþ som lond, oþer mid buldinge [c1425 Harl. byldynge]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1774 Þe bildyngis fel boþe heȝe & lawe. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 244 This belding we made here Is for you. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij^v It..hath in it very fayre byldinges. 1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. x. 18 By much slouthfulnesse the building decayeth. View more context for this quotation 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii Your holy buildings and your homes. 1854 J. Ruskin Lect. Archit. Add. 121 The essential thing in a building..is that it be strongly built, and fit for its uses. 1939 Fortune Nov. 70/2 There in a shabby old building with a shiny new annex, on Welton Street, near the business district, stands the Emily Griffith Opportunity School. 2022 Baltic Legal Updates (Nexis) 19 Mar. The Tenant was informed that the pet policy for renters changed in November, 2020 and that his pets were not allowed in the building. 2. a. The action of build v. (literal and figurative); the act of constructing, assembling, or setting something up. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] bigginga1325 rearinga1325 buildingc1394 edifying1432 upbringing1484 rising?a1500 upmaking1513 upbigging1525 edification1549 erecting1553 structure1604 erection1614 compilementa1639 architecture1646 exstruction1652 built1654 edifice1663 fabric1730 upbuilding1732 builth1805 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xvi. 6 The stoones..and the trees..maad redy to bildyng [a1382 Douce 369(1) the bilding; L. ædificationi]. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (1872) l. 1979 Of buyldyng [c1415 Corpus Oxf. buldyng, c1425 Petworth beeldinge, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 bildyng] vp of chirches. 1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 65 To be..applied..to the bildyng, sustentacion, and reparacion of the seid collage. 1507 Charter Edinb. Reg. House No. 709 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Beilding The beilding, bigging, and outredding of my auld tour and fortilese. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 501 In beldinge of tombes þei trauaileþ. 1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. viii. 551 In a Castle of his own Building. 1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1527 This carriage..had been three years in building. 1942 L. D. Rich We took to Woods vi. 171 It..forbids building of fires or smoking by anyone whatsoever. 1953 C. Bishop Larry of Little League ii. 25 I'm willing to give my time to the building of a Little League. 1992 Nat. World Winter 7/2 The property developer resubmitted an application for housing, which was granted, and building has begun. 2022 Business Wire (Nexis) 11 Apr. He was part of a four-person team that oversaw the building of a greenfield manufacturing plant. †b. The form or quality of something designed or constructed; its structure, style, or nature. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > manner of construction building1590 structure1597 fabricaturec1600 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 71 Suche buldynge was nowhere [emended in ed. to nowhere i-seie] on þis half Alpes. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 4814 (MED) The gardyn and the cloos..Is remembred..For the faire, fresh beldyng. 1571 A. Jenkinson Early Voy. & Trav. (1886) I. 137 Not farre from the said Castle was a Nunnery of sumptuous building. 1685 N. Barbon Apol. for Builder 6 There are Bricklayers, Carpenters, Playsterers, and many more Traders, that build houses for him, and they make houses of the first, second, and third rate of building. 1748 Descr. County & Univ. Oxf. in T. Salmon Foreigner's Compan. Cambr. & Oxf. 87 Pembroke College..consists of two small Courts of Old Building. 3. A group of rooks; esp. a rookery.One of many alleged group terms originating in late Middle English glossarial sources; found only in glossaries until revived and popularized in the mid 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus frugilegus (rook) > group of buildingc1470 rookery1662 a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 603 (MED) A byldynge of rokes. ?1477 in Lydgate’s Horse, Ghoos, & Sheep (Caxton) A Byldyng of rooks. A Clatering of chowhis. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi^v A Flight of swalowes a beldyng of Rookes a Murmuracion of stares. 1883 Standard 26 Sept. 5/1 Every one with any pretence to be gentle-folk spoke of..a building of rooks. 2010 L. Mitchell Slow Norfolk & Suffolk v. 129 It's an astonishing, almost primal event... No collective noun can adequately describe it: a building of rooks, a train of jackdaws. Compounds C1. a. General use as a modifier, as in building contractor, building design, building industy, building trade, building work, etc. Π 1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker xvii. 189 Doe as the Israelits did..who for feare of the Samaritans..did performe the building worke with one hand, and held a sword in the other. 1711 J. Swift Misc. Prose & Verse 365 On Earth, the God of Wealth was made Sole Patron of the Building Trade. 1861 All Year Round 30 Mar. 34/1 Building regulations were useless where none thought of building. 1955 Times 8 July 3/3 The Government would have to look at the restrictive practices and rings in the building industry. 1970 Guardian 13 Feb. 7/8 Few building workers were eligible for redundancy payments. 1991 Progressive Archit. Feb. 39/3 A CAD wireframe or solid model can be imported..and rendered to create a highly convincing simulation of a proposed building design. 2004 RICS Business Mar. 38 (advt.) As a qualified Building Surveyor you will..be a member of an appropriate professional body such as MRICS or CIOB. 2022 Courier (Dundee) (Nexis) 11 Apr. 31 The business..describes itself as ‘renowned throughout Scotland’ as a building contractor who can be trusted to deliver on time and on budget. b. General use as a modifier designating materials used for building, as in building-board, building-material, building-stone, building-tree, etc. Π 1551 Acte conc. Citee of Chester sig. a.j The merchauntes..cannot haue recourse, ne liberall and direct passage, in, and vpon thesaied riuer, with their Cogges, Kielles, Boates, fleutes, of buildyng timber, fewell, and other timber for makyng of shippes. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 210 The Oke, Elme and Ash..indeed are building trees. 1790 Pennsylv. Packet 2 Jan. 4/4 Bourdeaux rough hewn building stone. 1849 E. Chamberlain Indiana Gazetteer (ed. 3) 191 Excellent building rock and hydraulic cement are found in abundance. 1897 Daily News 29 Nov. 2/5 Messrs. J. Glover and Sons, building material dealers. 1917 U.S. Patent 1,227,767 29 May 1/2 Building board is put in place on the outside of a house..or secured on the inside. 2012 C. M. Jerlecki Tales of Mich. 98 Although hampered by the rise in the cost of building supplies brought about by the Chicago Fire, work on rebuilding the city began shortly afterwards. c. General use as a modifier designating a place occupied by buildings or where building is done, as in building-estate, building-ground, building-land, building-lot, building-place, etc. Π 1608 D. Price Recusants Conversion 31 He lamented that his happinesse was not so much as the very Sparrow, and Swallow, that found a nest and building place in the Temple. 1701 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 357 Pasture, building lot, and long lott. 1802 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. VIII. 201 So many houses and works have been erected..that building spots now sell at a high price. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law vii. 48 Abutting upon building-ground belonging to the seller. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 758 The land is part of a building estate. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 7/1 The L.C.C. purchased squares at building-land price. 2013 B. E. Lipowski Birth of Base 14 The first jobs to be done..were to open the drainage ditches and construct temporary roads to transport..supplies to the building area. C2. chiefly British. As a modifier, with the first element in plural form, as in buildings insurance, buildings policy, etc. Designating a policy insuring against damage to the structure of a building.Insurance of this type often also covers associated structures and integral components, such as wiring and plumbing. ΘΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [adjective] > insurance policy types tontine1790 whole-life1832 term1834 floating1839 all risks1885 third party1901 non-profit1905 knock for knock1906 stamped1913 warehouse to warehouse1922 without-profit(s)1924 with-profit(s)1924 loaded1928 unit-linked1966 no-fault1967 new-for-old1984 critical illness1986 1910 Financial Times 15 June. 6/6 £2,500 to buildings insurance fund. 1978 Insurance Rec. Nov. 7/2 The Northern Star Insurance Co Ltd..is reissuing buildings policies issued prior to April 1976 on an indemnity basis. 1984 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Sept. House contents premiums vary according to where your house is, while buildings premiums do not. 2022 Western Mail (Nexis) 27 May 15 In the first quarter of 2022 the average price paid for buildings insurance was £225. C3. building bee n. chiefly North American a social gathering to help erect the framework of a house or barn; = raising bee n.Chiefly historical after the 19th cent. ΚΠ 1843 Sat. Mag. 20 May 186/2 There are ‘logging bees’, ‘chopping-bees’, and ‘raising or building bees’,..each implying an assembly of neighbours meeting to work jointly and simultaneously for a new-comer, in order that he may have a house to live in as soon as possible. 1849 G. F. A. Ruxton Life in Far West 257 A buildin' bee or a raisin' bee is, when they want to set up the frame or the logs of a house or barn. 1976 B. Broadfoot Pioneer Years 330 There will be a building bee at the John Brown place on the Centre Road this Wednesday starting at eight o'clock. 2021 J. I. Little Reading Diaries Henry Trent (e-book ed.) The fact he did not even participate in a building bee (aside from the one for his own barn) is notable. building berth n. an inclined plane formed at the edge of a body of water on which ships or other vessels are constructed; = building slip n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired launch1711 slip1769 shipway1840 building-slip1846 slippery path1846 1862 Leicester Jrnl. 10 Jan. 3/6 A spacious open shed is to be erected adjacent to the building berth of the Caledonia, to contain the smitheries. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 594/1 A framework of wood is built up over the entire building berth. 2020 Russia & CIS Business Mil. Weekly (Nexis) 21 Aug. The..missile cruiser, which is undergoing repairs at the Sevmash Shipyard, will be moved to the building berth on Tuesday. building code n. any of various sets of rules or standards regarding the construction, maintenance, or use of a building, intended chiefly for the preservation of public health and safety.Building codes vary in different regions and jurisdictions; they are typically established by a government or local authority, with adherence required by law. Π 1806 B. T. Duhigg Hist. King's Inns iii. 598 I insert this building code to give the reader a complete copy of what are called Existing Rules. 1866 Freeman's Jrnl. 29 May Dr. Mapother summed up what he hoped for as necessary to improve the dwellings of the poor..: The enactment of a comprehensive building code. 1942 J. A. Mulligan Handbk. Brick Masonry Constr. 362 The building code of the City of New York uses the term ‘hollow wall’ instead of cavity wall. 2011 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 24 July (Herald-Times ed.) e3 (caption) Building codes may mandate metal reinforcing straps..for stability in high winds. building consent n. now chiefly New Zealand formal approval from a local authority to construct, alter, or demolish a building or other structure; (also) an instance of this, or a document granting this. ΘΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > formal or authoritative permission > a formal or authoritative permission safe conduct?1404 licence1433 royalty1633 fiat1647 licent1676 liceat1686 privilege1715 sanction1720 smart ticket1734 post warrant1812 sanctionment1818 wine-warrant1857 carnet1926 1944 Advertiser (Adelaide) 31 July 7/3 The defendant admitted that being the holder of a building consent order..to erect a six-roomed stone building.., he uniformly failed to comply with all the conditions. 1981 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 7 June 4 Building consent is currently being sought to demolish Barlaston Hall, Staffordshire. 2009 G. Hunt First to Care 220/1 The..platform had been built without a building consent and was in breach of the Health and Safety in Employment Act. building lease n. a lease of a piece of land which lets the lessee construct a building or other structure on the property. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > lease > types of lease-parole1590 custodiam1617 concurrent lease1629 building-lease1858 mijnpacht1887 1696 Famous Tryal between T. Neale & Lady Ivy 7/2 There was a Lease lett by Richard Glover to Aaron Williams..'twas a building-Lease, and such part of it as Aaron Williams built not himself, he disposed of to others. 1728 Stamford Mercury 28 Mar. 101 Mr. George Graves, an eminent Builder, has taken of this City, upon a Building Lease of 61 Years, the Ground now lying Waste, call'd Petty-France, near Moorfields. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvii. 114 Powers..to grant building-leases. 1907 Manch. Guardian 2 Feb. 12/1 Building leases have been acquired and considerable capital expenditure has been..made in..the rebuilding of the West End premises. 2021 Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois) 16 June 4/6 The co-op has signed a 10-year building lease with Indiana-based Holladay Properties, which will have a private building groundbreaking to begin construction Thursday. building line n. †(a) the outer limit of the buildings which constitute a city (obsolete rare); (b) a legally prescribed limit between a street and the buildings facing it beyond which the buildings must not extend. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > plans of buildings or structures > line beyond which building must not extend building line1885 1694 S. Tomlyns Preaching of Christ 49 The Building-Line for the raising of this City should go forth, and be stretched over the Hill Gareb. 1837 Pensacola (Florida) Gaz. 30 Aug. 1/1 The owners of Lots on both sides of Zaragoza street..shall construct a Banquette, to be seven feet ten inches wide from the building line to the outside of the curb. 1925 Town Planning Rev. June 185 At corners shops should be kept back to the full building line to both streets. 2020 Times (Nexis) 13 Nov. (Bricks & Mortar section) 10 In planning law, planning authorities apply building lines formally and informally, and homeowners should check whether they would refuse planning permission to develop beyond the line. building mover n. a person or company employed to move a building from one place to another; (also) a vehicle designed for this purpose. ΚΠ 1838 Directory City Buffalo 59 Delong Clark, building mover. 1948 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. 13/7 Both were employed by the Associated Building Movers of Yonkers, which was transferring the last house from the area. 2022 Tampa Bay Times (Nexis) 31 Jan. A building mover quoted the cost at $150,000 and believed the structure was stable enough to relocate. building paper n. originally U.S. a type of heavy paper used by builders as a covering or lining material, and now also used as a material for arts or crafts; = builder's paper n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > building paper building paper1873 builder's paper1917 1869 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Reg. 3 Mar. The weather-boarding, inside walls, and shingling are of that material known as the ‘Rock River Company's Building Paper’. 1955 G. Bowen Wool Away! x. 115 Building paper should be used under the iron above the shearing board. 2022 Whanganui (N.Z.) Chron. (Nexis) 22 Mar. Fragments of building paper from the fire were found to contain asbestos after they were tested by Whanganui Public Health last week. building rent n. Economics the interest or profit earned from capital invested in the construction of a building, as contrasted with ground rent (ground rent n. a). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > other types of profit improvement?1449 mesne profitsa1558 intromissionc1650 emergencya1662 trading profit1717 building-rent1776 turn1796 sturt1850 redemption yield1921 hidden reserve1930 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 443 The building rent is the interest or profit of the capital expended in building the house. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. II. v. iii. §6. 380 If..a tax were laid on ground-rents..it..would put a stop to further building quite as effectually as if it were a tax on building-rents. 1985 H. Smyth Prop. Companies & Constr. Industry in Brit. ii. 57 The effects of a crisis at its deepest point on land and building rent are profound. 2016 Jrnl. Real Estate Res. 38 429 Smaller tenants' overall contribution to building rent is minimal. building site n. an area of land where a structure is being or will be constructed, repaired, or renovated; = construction site n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific jobs are done > [noun] > construction sites building-site1871 construction site1903 platform yard1973 1807 S. L. Mitchill Picture N.Y. xv. 162 In digging down the bank, a few years ago, to make wharves and building sites, a vast quantity of their bones were dislodged. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. iv. 52 They were driving home from an inspection of the new building-site. 1966 D. Jenkins Educated Society ii. 50 Constructive forces..have no more attraction than building sites. 2022 Evesham Jrnl. (Nexis) 11 Apr. Burglars broke into a building site, making off with plywood and timber. building slip n. an inclined plane formed at the edge of a body of water on which ships or other vessels are constructed; = slip n.³ 1b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired launch1711 slip1769 shipway1840 building-slip1846 slippery path1846 1771 H. Pallisser et al. in Rep. Comm. to consider how Navy may be Better supplied with Timber (House of Commons) App. x. 73 It is the Opinion of the Surveyor of the Navy, that the Building Slips in each Yard, have new Ships set up on each of them. 1894 Times 1 Mar. 7/5 At Chatham, where the largest of the available building slips is being prepared for the reception of the new vessel. 2014 Ukraine Business Weekly (Nexis) 19 Nov. Chornomorsky Shipbuilding Yard..has two inclined building slips..to construct ships and vessels with deadweights of up to 105,000 tonnes. † building term n. Obsolete a fixed period over which a building lease is in effect. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > [noun] > lease > period of building-term1705 lease1902 1705 London Gaz. No. 4158/4 They intend to Let to Farm a Building Term in several Houses. 1895 Times 9 Oct. 16/1 (advt.) Exceedingly valuable lease, held at a ground-rent, with the right to a building term upon most favourable conditions. building yard n. an enclosed area of land, adjoining the sea, a river, etc., where ships, boats, or other craft are built. ΘΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] boat haw1598 shipyard1685 boatyard1708 1679 True News 24 Dec. 48 His Majesty hath been pleased to appoint Sir Anthony Deane, one of the present Commissioners of the Navy, to be the Comptroller of all his Building Yards in the Kingdom of England. 1793 T. Nicols Meth. proposed decreasing Consumption Timber 30 All Oak Timber intended for ship-building should be sent to the building-yards. 1861 Mitchell's Maritime Reg. 890 There was launched from the building-yard of Messrs. J. and J. Hall, at Arbroath, a beautifully modelled jackass barque, named the Princess Alice. 1965 All Hands (U.S. Bureau Naval Personnel) June 13/1 Senior petty officers..are ordered to join the commanding officer at the building yard about six months before completion of the ship to permit them to obtain detailed firsthand knowledge of their ship and jobs. 2016 W. D. Sullivan Sea Detail viii. 120 For the new ships, we conducted crew certification inspections which were required before they could sail out of the building yard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). buildingadj. Etymology: Formed as build v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbuilding. That builds. Also in combinations as Babel-building. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [adjective] > building erectifying1627 edifyinga1661 building1727 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 12 That foolish Babel-Building-Age. 1832 Ld. Tennyson New Year's Eve v, in Poems (new ed.) 97 The building rook. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. ii. 197 Building beavers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.c1325adj.1727
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buildingn.

Compounds

buildingadj.