Wirtschaftn.

Brit.

/ˈvɪətʃaft/, U.S.

/ˈvɪ(ə)rtʃæft/

Forms: 1800s– Wirthschaft, 1800s– Wirtschaft.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Wirtschaft.

Etymology: < German Wirtschaft, †Wirthschaft small pub (16th cent.), household, housekeeping (17th cent.), economy (19th cent.; 10th cent. in Old High German as wirtscaft in senses ‘hospitality’ and ‘banquet, feast’ (Middle High German wirtschaft )), cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch wertscap , waertscap , etc. activity of a host, banquet, meal (Dutch waardschap visit, banquet), Old Saxon werdskepi hospitality, meal (Middle Low German werschap , wertschap hospitality, banquet, festivity) < the Germanic base of Old High German wirt Wirt n. + the Germanic base of -ship suffix. Compare Wirtshaus n.

Now rare.

1. = Wirtshaus n.Not fully naturalized in English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house

houseOE

tavern1297

tavern-housea1400

sunc1400

tap-house1500

tippling-housea1549

innsc1550

bousing-inn1575

ivy-bush1576

osteria1580

ordinary1590

caback1591

taberna1593

bousing-house1594

pothouse1598

red lattice1604

cupping-house1615

public house1617

busha1625

Wirtshaus1650

bibbery1653

cabaret1656

gaming ordinary1667

public1685

shop1695

bibbing-housea1704

dram-shop1725

gill house1728

rum shop1738

buvette1753

dram-house1753

grog-shop1790

wine-vault1791

pub1800

pulperia1818

pulqueria1822

potation-shop1823

rum hole1825

Wirtschaft1834

drunkery1836

pot shop1837

drinkery1840

rum mill1844

khazi1846

beer-shop1848

boozer1895

rub-a-dub1898

Weinstube1899

rubbity-dub1905

peg house1922

rub-a-dub-dub1932

rubbity1941

Stube1946

superpub1964

1834 New Monthly Mag. Apr. 471 We accordingly set out for the scene of action,—a wirtschaft, or low drinking-house, about a quarter of a mile from the town.

1886 Times 12 June 6/4 The accident happened on the way to the Hammetschwand, just where the road narrows as it passes a little ‘wirthschaft’ much frequented by the peasantry.

1903 G. W. Hartley Wild Sport iii. 60 They had some beer at a snug little wirtschaft, and then they all fished.

1950 E. Hemingway Across River & into Trees xxxviii. 269 What is there to eat in this Wirtschaft?

1995 Gourmet Mar. 48/2 The word ‘Wirtschaft’ applies to any country wine tavern.

†2. A domestic establishment (with regard to household management); domestic economy, housekeeping. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration > domestic management

housewifeship?c1225

cove and keyc1250

husbandryc1300

economica1393

ménagea1393

householda1398

householdinga1425

housewifery1440

economyc1454

economics1535

house rule1579

householdry1581

managery1586

housekeeping1652

household management1741

notability1756

homebuilding1757

domestic economy1778

Wirtschaft1841

homekeeping1846

housecraft1848

homemaking1863

home economics1872

home science1886

household science1896

domestic science1897

1841 E. Rigby Resid. Shores Baltic I. vii. 133 The duties of an Estonian wirthschaft, or ménage, are not confined to ordering dinner, or scolding servants.

1850 C. M. Yonge Henrietta's Wish ii. 21 The house..was very soon pretty and cheerful, and the wirthschaft..well ordered and economical.

1889 C. M. Yonge Reputed Changeling I. viii. 138 The Doctor..[asked] whether the ladies abroad were given to housewifery. ‘The German dames make a great ado about their Wirthschaft, as they call it..but as to the result! pah!’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	wirtschaft
释义	Wirtschaftn. Brit. /ˈvɪətʃaft/, U.S. /ˈvɪ(ə)rtʃæft/ Forms: 1800s– Wirthschaft, 1800s– Wirtschaft. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Wirtschaft. Etymology: < German Wirtschaft, †Wirthschaft small pub (16th cent.), household, housekeeping (17th cent.), economy (19th cent.; 10th cent. in Old High German as wirtscaft in senses ‘hospitality’ and ‘banquet, feast’ (Middle High German wirtschaft )), cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch wertscap , waertscap , etc. activity of a host, banquet, meal (Dutch waardschap visit, banquet), Old Saxon werdskepi hospitality, meal (Middle Low German werschap , wertschap hospitality, banquet, festivity) < the Germanic base of Old High German wirt Wirt n. + the Germanic base of -ship suffix. Compare Wirtshaus n. Now rare. 1. = Wirtshaus n.Not fully naturalized in English. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house houseOE tavern1297 tavern-housea1400 sunc1400 tap-house1500 tippling-housea1549 innsc1550 bousing-inn1575 ivy-bush1576 osteria1580 ordinary1590 caback1591 taberna1593 bousing-house1594 pothouse1598 red lattice1604 cupping-house1615 public house1617 busha1625 Wirtshaus1650 bibbery1653 cabaret1656 gaming ordinary1667 public1685 shop1695 bibbing-housea1704 dram-shop1725 gill house1728 rum shop1738 buvette1753 dram-house1753 grog-shop1790 wine-vault1791 pub1800 pulperia1818 pulqueria1822 potation-shop1823 rum hole1825 Wirtschaft1834 drunkery1836 pot shop1837 drinkery1840 rum mill1844 khazi1846 beer-shop1848 boozer1895 rub-a-dub1898 Weinstube1899 rubbity-dub1905 peg house1922 rub-a-dub-dub1932 rubbity1941 Stube1946 superpub1964 1834 New Monthly Mag. Apr. 471 We accordingly set out for the scene of action,—a wirtschaft, or low drinking-house, about a quarter of a mile from the town. 1886 Times 12 June 6/4 The accident happened on the way to the Hammetschwand, just where the road narrows as it passes a little ‘wirthschaft’ much frequented by the peasantry. 1903 G. W. Hartley Wild Sport iii. 60 They had some beer at a snug little wirtschaft, and then they all fished. 1950 E. Hemingway Across River & into Trees xxxviii. 269 What is there to eat in this Wirtschaft? 1995 Gourmet Mar. 48/2 The word ‘Wirtschaft’ applies to any country wine tavern. †2. A domestic establishment (with regard to household management); domestic economy, housekeeping. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration > domestic management housewifeship?c1225 cove and keyc1250 husbandryc1300 economica1393 ménagea1393 householda1398 householdinga1425 housewifery1440 economyc1454 economics1535 house rule1579 householdry1581 managery1586 housekeeping1652 household management1741 notability1756 homebuilding1757 domestic economy1778 Wirtschaft1841 homekeeping1846 housecraft1848 homemaking1863 home economics1872 home science1886 household science1896 domestic science1897 1841 E. Rigby Resid. Shores Baltic I. vii. 133 The duties of an Estonian wirthschaft, or ménage, are not confined to ordering dinner, or scolding servants. 1850 C. M. Yonge Henrietta's Wish ii. 21 The house..was very soon pretty and cheerful, and the wirthschaft..well ordered and economical. 1889 C. M. Yonge Reputed Changeling I. viii. 138 The Doctor..[asked] whether the ladies abroad were given to housewifery. ‘The German dames make a great ado about their Wirthschaft, as they call it..but as to the result! pah!’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1834
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