† wisn.

Forms: Also Middle English wys.

Etymology: Usually in inflected form wisse , wysse : absolute use of Old English wis(s adjective, certain, in adverb phrase (see below). Compare iwis n.

Obsolete.

to wis(se), Old English tó wissum (for *tó (ge)wissum þinge), mid wisse, occasionally in wis: of a certainty, for certain. (Cf. wis adv.)

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase]

to iwissea1000

mid iwissea1000

in wisc1000

to wis(se)c1000

without(en (any) weenc1175

sans fail1297

thereof no strife1297

but werea1300

forouten werea1300

out of werea1300

without werea1300

without deceit1303

for certainc1320

it is to wittingc1320

withouten carec1320

without nayc1330

without noc1330

without (but out of) dread1340

no doubtc1380

without distancec1390

no fresea1400

out of doubta1400

without doubta1400

for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400

withouten stance14..

hazel woods shakea1413

of, on, in warrantisec1440

sure enough?1440

without question?1440

wythout diswerec1440

without any dispayrec1470

for (also of) a surety?a1475

in (also for) surenessa1475

of certainc1485

without any (also all) naya1500

out of question?1526

past question?1526

for sure1534

what else1540

beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542

to be a bidden by1549

out of (also without) all cry1565

with a witness1579

upon my word1591

no question1594

out of all suspicion1600

for a certain1608

without scruple1612

to be sure1615

that's pos1710

in course1722

beyond (all) question1817

(and) no mistake1818

no two ways about it (also that)1818

of course1823

bien entendu1844

yessiree1846

you bet you1857

make no mistake1876

acourse1883

sans doute1890

how are you?1918

you bet your bippy1968

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xvii. 174 Ac wite ge to wissan þæt se wælhreowa deofol ne mæg mannum derian.

a1100 Aldhelm Glossess i. 420 in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 13/1 Præsertim, i. maxime, vel to wissan.

a1100 Aldhelm Glosses i. 1051 in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 29/1 Profecto, i. omnino, to wissum.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8460 Godess enngell comm himm to & seȝȝde himm þa to wisse. Whillc ende off issraæless land He shollde þanne sekenn.

a1200 Moral Ode 236 Nute hi hweþer hom deþ wurs mid [v.r. to] neure nane wisse.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 25 Ac sunderlepes he is here fader mid wisse.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1515 Oc god him sente reed in wis, Ðat he bi-lef in gerasis.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 120 Y knowe him wel to wisse.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3763 Ther is non of ȝow þat wot to wys. Wather he ys quyke or ded.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† wisv.¹

Forms: Old English wissian, Middle English wissien, (Middle English -ine), Middle English wissi(n, wyssye, Middle English wisse(n, Middle English wiss, Middle English wyssen, wis, Middle English–1500s wys(se, Middle English wyss. β. Middle English wissh(e, wysshe, wysh, wish ( wych), Middle English–1500s wyshe, 1500s Scottish wische.

Etymology: Old English wissian , < wis certain (compare wis n.) + -ian, -y suffix²: a late formation on the model of the synonymous wísian wise v.¹

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To make known, give information of, indicate; esp. to show, point out (the way).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > give information about

wisc1000

inform?a1425

partake1561

intelligence1593

report1797

wish1818

tip1883

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxiii. 15 Ic bidde ðe þæt ðu nyme þe ladmenn of minum geferum ðæt þe wegas wission.

a1250 Prov. Alfred 29 in Old Eng. Misc. 104 He ou wolde wyssye wisliche þinges.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 25447 Lauerd..wiss me waies þare Þare santes has þair seli sete.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 24 Const þou wissen vs þe wey wher þat he dwelleþ?

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 689 Is oȝt þi werid to þe wissid [v.r. wist]?

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4997 And quat þou will of þaim to wete wis in þi saghe.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine v. 1929 Þat she may vs wisse A stedefast lore for to amende oure mysse.

1460 Paston Lett. I. 518 If my feodaryes..may ought wisse therin, lete them se it.

c1480 (a1400) St. Adrian 619 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 289 I sal wis ȝou þe rycht way.

β. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3290 Met I nevir creature þat me coude wissh or say Reedynes of my ffadir, dede othir a-lyve.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xv. 182 He that this warld beban [read began], Wysh vs the way!1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 1929 Wische me the richt way till Sanct-Androes.

b. Const. subordinate interrog. clause.

ΚΠ

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints v. 253 Se cræft sceolde wissian gewisslice be steorrum hwæt gehwilcum menn gelumpe on his lifes endebyrdnysse.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 37 He is iset bi-twihan god almihtin and þe for þe wissine hu þu scalt et god seolf habben þine sunne forȝeuene.

c1325 Spec. Gy Warw. 119 What it is i wole þe wisse.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xii. 40 She wolde me wisse wher þe toun were.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1245 Wisseth me how to gete a golden salue.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2633 Þou may me wysse How lang þe kyngdome sall be hyss.

a. To show the way to (a person); to direct, guide; to lead, conduct (literal or figurative). Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > guide

wieldeOE

steera1000

wisc1000

wiseOE

turnc1175

kenc1200

conduec1330

dressc1330

govern1340

addressc1350

guidea1400

conducec1475

conduct1481

rectifya1500

besteer1603

helm1607

engineer1831

beacon1835

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 324 Ælces mannes weorc cyðað hwilc gast hine wissað.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xix. 108 Þa ðe him betæhte sindon for gode to wissianne.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 89 Godes ȝife us wissað [ Ælfric Hom. I. 312 gewissað] to his willen.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 390/41 God..us leue..ore lif so wisse Þat we..comen to heouene blisse.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9304 God..þat þam gun wysse Til mekenes.

1340–70 Alisaunder 806 Amon þe grete God..Schall þee wisse fro wo.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 739 Þe knyȝt..To Mary made his mone, Þat ho..wysse hym to sum wone.

c1425 Engl. Conquest Ireland (1896) 95 He wissed the hors sydlynge ayeynes the watyr asquynt.

c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 2366 Thy seven Clerkys, That wyssys the to wykkyd werkys.

c1440 York Myst. i. 157 To all I sall wirke be ȝhe wysshyng.

c1450 Pistel of Swete Susan (Calig.) 213 Wylyly hyr wenches she wyssed a-way.

c1530 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols, & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 51 & vertuosly me wysse to godward!

?1550 R. Weaver Lusty Iuventus sig. a.ii^v I praye you wyse me thyther, For I am going to seke them.

b. To manage, rule, govern, control.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)]

wieldeOE

redeOE

temperc1000

wisc1000

yemec1000

aweldc1175

guy13..

rule1340

attemperc1374

stightlea1375

justifya1393

governa1400

moder1414

control1495

moderate1534

rein1557

manage1560

sway1587

to bear (a rein) upon1603

bridle1615

ephorize1647

puppet1840

coact1855

boss1856

run1869

swing1873

society > authority > rule or government > rule or govern [verb (transitive)]

steera900

hold971

wieldOE

warda1000

redeOE

wisc1000

i-weldeOE

rightlecheOE

rightOE

raima1325

governc1325

guyc1330

rulea1387

justicec1390

rekea1400

reigna1413

lorda1450

earlc1450

seignoryc1475

over-govern1485

overrulec1488

emperyc1503

gubern?a1505

signorize1594

sway1613

gubernate1623

overlead1720

belord1858

prime minister1906

c1000 Ælfric in Morris Old Eng. Hom. I. 302 Rex we cwæþað cyning, þæt is gecweden wissigend, forþam þe he sceal wissigan mid wisdome his folce.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2633 Þe sculden witen þat lond & wissien [c1300 Otho wissi] þa leoden.

c1290 Beket 1059 in S. Eng. Leg. 136 Vnneþe he miȝte with is hondene þeos þre þingus do; blessi þat folk and bere þe croiz and is bridel wisse.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5292 Þe lauerd-hed of al his land To wiss and ledd.

a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxx. xxii. (1812) 232 He made duke Harold protectoure Of his cousyne, to gouerne and to wysse Edgar Athelyng.

3. with person as object (originally dative) and (frequently) infinitive with to: To give directions or instructions to; to direct, order; to instruct, show how (to do something); also gen. to teach, instruct.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)]

i-taechec888

lerec900

iwisseOE

to teach a personc1000

wisc1000

ylereOE

avayc1315

readc1330

learna1382

informc1384

beteacha1400

form1399

kena1400

redec1400

indoctrinea1450

instructc1449

ensign1474

doctrine1475

introduct1481

lettera1500

endoctrinec1500

to have (a person) in schooling?1553

lesson1555

tutor1592

orthographize1596

pupil1599

con1612

indoctrinate1621

art1628

doctrinate1631

document1648

verse1672

documentizea1734

form1770

intuit1776

skill1809

indoctrinize1861

c1000 Ælfric Numbers xxiii. 8 He witegode þa, swa him wissode god.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 He..wisseþ us to leden ure lif on clennesse.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 622 Thow koudest neuere yn loue þyn seluen wysse.

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles Prol. 31 For to written him a writte to wissen him better.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20536 Thritti winter and sumdel mare, I lenged man to wiss in lare.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17201 If þou wil werc als i þe wiss.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 9 And wysse me to werpe owte some worde.

1486 Bk. St. Albans e iv And ye speke of the Bucke the fyrst yere he is A fawne sowkyng on his dam say, as I yow wis.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

wisv.²

/wɪs/

Forms: Also 1600s (3rd person singular) wisses, 1800s wiss.

pseudo-archaic.

Originally in I wis = iwis adv., interpreted as = ‘I know’; hence occasionally as a synonym of ‘know’ in other parts of the verb, being apprehended as the present of wist, past tense of wit v.¹[The following show various stages of corruption of iwis:—

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 55 Now am I a wedow, iwise.

▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 42 Ane was ane wedow, iwis.

1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe C 6 Better cannot be I wist, Descant on it he that list.

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 115 Strange the Proiect was I wish Of this Metamorphosis.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 180 And if I wish he did. But let it rest.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 15 It mov'd and mov'd, and took at last A certain shape, I wist.

1818 Ld. Byron To Mr. Murray v Tours, Travels, Essays, too, I wist, And Sermons to thy mill bring grist.

1893 F. Thompson Poems 15 Wings, I wist, Whose amethyst Trepidations have forgone me.

]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge, know [verb (transitive)]

i-witec900

wit971

yknowOE

canOE

i-kenc1000

seeOE

yknowOE

understanda1131

knowlOE

can (or could) skillc1340

cona1387

havec1405

kyd1530

weeta1547

digest1549

wist1580

wis1606

savvy1686

sabe1850

1606 Lyly's Euphues (1613) Y 1 b You gall mee more with these tearmes then you wisse [1580 wist, 1597 wish].

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 13 Where my morning haunts are he wisses not. [Cf. 1642 ? J. Hall Modest Confut. To Rdr. A iij b, Where his morning haunts are I wist not.]

1662 A. Cooper Στρατολογια ii. 47 Morgan more valorous than hee wis'd or wil'd.

1803 W. S. Rose tr. Amadis de Gaule 31 Full well I wiss To serve your princely will were perfect bliss.

1834 S. T. Coleridge Alice du Clos in Poet. Wks. II. 60 And, bonny boy, you wis, Lord Julian is a hasty man.

1838 E. B. Barrett Romaunt of Page in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 683/1 In the dark chambère, if the bride were fair, Ye wis I could not see.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† wisadv.

Forms: Also Middle English wiss, Middle English wys, 1500s wusse.

Etymology: Aphetic form of iwis adj., adv., and n. (compare wis n.).

Obsolete.

Certainly, assuredly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [adverb]

i-wislichec1000

wislyc1000

yernec1000

wellOE

wisc1175

sickera1275

without missa1275

redlyc1275

certainlya1375

sadc1380

confirmedlyc1449

certaina1500

undeceitfully1571

notionless1607

ascertainably1863

absotively1914

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb]

iwis?c1160

sickerlyc1175

wisc1175

wislyc1200

i-witterlic1275

sickerc1275

certc1300

hardilyc1300

hardlya1325

certain1330

tristilya1350

certainlya1375

redelya1375

redilya1375

surelyc1380

hand in handa1382

righta1393

assuredlya1400

surea1400

naturallyc1425

in certc1440

ascertainly1477

soverly1513

perqueer1568

really1604

assurelya1626

just1687

pos1710

besure1743

verdad1928

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7410 Þeȝȝ sinndenn wiss hundess. & swin. Þurrh þeȝȝre laþe sinness.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2866 Wiss to soþe.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 31 Ase wis as in þilke flech þet þe tok nes neauer sunne [etc.].

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1863 Þat mighti king, ful son and wiss, Did turn þair baret in-to blis.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1292 The steward swore the pople among, As wis as he seyd no wrong, God help him at his nede!

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 276 Als so wiss mot I be schrive.

c1400 Rom. Rose 6433 God so wys be my socour [Fr. si m'aist Diex].

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 760 God help me so as wys This is to muche.

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. i. sig. B^v Lor. Why I hope you will not a hawking now, will you? Step. No wusse .

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.c1000

v.¹c1000

v.²1606

adv.c1175

单词	wis
释义	† wisn. Forms: Also Middle English wys. Etymology: Usually in inflected form wisse , wysse : absolute use of Old English wis(s adjective, certain, in adverb phrase (see below). Compare iwis n. Obsolete. to wis(se), Old English tó wissum (for tó (ge)wissum þinge), mid wisse, occasionally in wis: of a certainty, for certain. (Cf. wis adv.) ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase] to iwissea1000 mid iwissea1000 in wisc1000 to wis(se)c1000 without(en (any) weenc1175 sans fail1297 thereof no strife1297 but werea1300 forouten werea1300 out of werea1300 without werea1300 without deceit1303 for certainc1320 it is to wittingc1320 withouten carec1320 without nayc1330 without noc1330 without (but out of) dread1340 no doubtc1380 without distancec1390 no fresea1400 out of doubta1400 without doubta1400 for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400 withouten stance14.. hazel woods shakea1413 of, on, in warrantisec1440 sure enough?1440 without question?1440 wythout diswerec1440 without any dispayrec1470 for (also of) a surety?a1475 in (also for) surenessa1475 of certainc1485 without any (also all) naya1500 out of question?1526 past question?1526 for sure1534 what else1540 beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542 to be a bidden by1549 out of (also without) all cry1565 with a witness1579 upon my word1591 no question1594 out of all suspicion1600 for a certain1608 without scruple1612 to be sure1615 that's pos1710 in course1722 beyond (all) question1817 (and) no mistake1818 no two ways about it (also that)1818 of course1823 bien entendu1844 yessiree1846 you bet you1857 make no mistake1876 acourse1883 sans doute1890 how are you?1918 you bet your bippy1968 c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints* xvii. 174 Ac wite ge to wissan þæt se wælhreowa deofol ne mæg mannum derian. a1100 Aldhelm Glossess i. 420 in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 13/1 Præsertim, i. maxime, vel to wissan. a1100 Aldhelm Glosses i. 1051 in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 29/1 Profecto, i. omnino, to wissum. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8460 Godess enngell comm himm to & seȝȝde himm þa to wisse. Whillc ende off issraæless land He shollde þanne sekenn. a1200 Moral Ode 236 Nute hi hweþer hom deþ wurs mid [v.r. to] neure nane wisse. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 25 Ac sunderlepes he is here fader mid wisse. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1515 Oc god him sente reed in wis, Ðat he bi-lef in gerasis. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 120 Y knowe him wel to wisse. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3763 Ther is non of ȝow þat wot to wys. Wather he ys quyke or ded. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † wisv.¹ Forms: Old English wissian, Middle English wissien, (Middle English -ine), Middle English wissi(n, wyssye, Middle English wisse(n, Middle English wiss, Middle English wyssen, wis, Middle English–1500s wys(se, Middle English wyss. β. Middle English wissh(e, wysshe, wysh, wish ( wych), Middle English–1500s wyshe, 1500s Scottish wische. Etymology: Old English wissian , < wis certain (compare wis n.) + -ian, -y suffix²: a late formation on the model of the synonymous wísian wise v.¹ Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To make known, give information of, indicate; esp. to show, point out (the way). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > give information about wisc1000 inform?a1425 partake1561 intelligence1593 report1797 wish1818 tip1883 c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxiii. 15 Ic bidde ðe þæt ðu nyme þe ladmenn of minum geferum ðæt þe wegas wission. a1250 Prov. Alfred 29 in Old Eng. Misc. 104 He ou wolde wyssye wisliche þinges. a1300 Cursor Mundi 25447 Lauerd..wiss me waies þare Þare santes has þair seli sete. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 24 Const þou wissen vs þe wey wher þat he dwelleþ? a1400–50 Wars Alex. 689 Is oȝt þi werid to þe wissid [v.r. wist]? a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4997 And quat þou will of þaim to wete wis in þi saghe. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine v. 1929 Þat she may vs wisse A stedefast lore for to amende oure mysse. 1460 Paston Lett. I. 518 If my feodaryes..may ought wisse therin, lete them se it. c1480 (a1400) St. Adrian 619 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 289 I sal wis ȝou þe rycht way. β. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3290 Met I nevir creature þat me coude wissh or say Reedynes of my ffadir, dede othir a-lyve.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xv. 182 He that this warld beban [read began], Wysh vs the way!1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 1929 Wische me the richt way till Sanct-Androes. b. Const. subordinate interrog. clause. ΚΠ c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints v. 253 Se cræft sceolde wissian gewisslice be steorrum hwæt gehwilcum menn gelumpe on his lifes endebyrdnysse. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 37 He is iset bi-twihan god almihtin and þe for þe wissine hu þu scalt et god seolf habben þine sunne forȝeuene. c1325 Spec. Gy Warw. 119 What it is i wole þe wisse. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xii. 40 She wolde me wisse wher þe toun were. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1245 Wisseth me how to gete a golden salue. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2633 Þou may me wysse How lang þe kyngdome sall be hyss. 2. a. To show the way to (a person); to direct, guide; to lead, conduct (literal or figurative). Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > guide wieldeOE steera1000 wisc1000 wiseOE turnc1175 kenc1200 conduec1330 dressc1330 govern1340 addressc1350 guidea1400 conducec1475 conduct1481 rectifya1500 besteer1603 helm1607 engineer1831 beacon1835 c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 324 Ælces mannes weorc cyðað hwilc gast hine wissað. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xix. 108 Þa ðe him betæhte sindon for gode to wissianne. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 89 Godes ȝife us wissað [ Ælfric Hom. I. 312 gewissað] to his willen. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 390/41 God..us leue..ore lif so wisse Þat we..comen to heouene blisse. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9304 God..þat þam gun wysse Til mekenes. 1340–70 Alisaunder 806 Amon þe grete God..Schall þee wisse fro wo. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 739 Þe knyȝt..To Mary made his mone, Þat ho..wysse hym to sum wone. c1425 Engl. Conquest Ireland (1896) 95 He wissed the hors sydlynge ayeynes the watyr asquynt. c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 2366 Thy seven Clerkys, That wyssys the to wykkyd werkys. c1440 York Myst. i. 157 To all I sall wirke be ȝhe wysshyng. c1450 Pistel of Swete Susan (Calig.) 213 Wylyly hyr wenches she wyssed a-way. c1530 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols, & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 51 & vertuosly me wysse to godward! ?1550 R. Weaver Lusty Iuventus sig. a.ii^v I praye you wyse me thyther, For I am going to seke them. b. To manage, rule, govern, control. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE redeOE temperc1000 wisc1000 yemec1000 aweldc1175 guy13.. rule1340 attemperc1374 stightlea1375 justifya1393 governa1400 moder1414 control1495 moderate1534 rein1557 manage1560 sway1587 to bear (a rein) upon1603 bridle1615 ephorize1647 puppet1840 coact1855 boss1856 run1869 swing1873 society > authority > rule or government > rule or govern [verb (transitive)] steera900 hold971 wieldOE warda1000 redeOE wisc1000 i-weldeOE rightlecheOE rightOE raima1325 governc1325 guyc1330 rulea1387 justicec1390 rekea1400 reigna1413 lorda1450 earlc1450 seignoryc1475 over-govern1485 overrulec1488 emperyc1503 gubern?a1505 signorize1594 sway1613 gubernate1623 overlead1720 belord1858 prime minister1906 c1000 Ælfric in Morris Old Eng. Hom. I. 302 Rex we cwæþað cyning, þæt is gecweden wissigend, forþam þe he sceal wissigan mid wisdome his folce. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2633 Þe sculden witen þat lond & wissien [c1300 Otho wissi] þa leoden. c1290 Beket 1059 in S. Eng. Leg. 136 Vnneþe he miȝte with is hondene þeos þre þingus do; blessi þat folk and bere þe croiz and is bridel wisse. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5292 Þe lauerd-hed of al his land To wiss and ledd. a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxx. xxii. (1812) 232 He made duke Harold protectoure Of his cousyne, to gouerne and to wysse Edgar Athelyng. 3. with person as object (originally dative) and (frequently) infinitive with to: To give directions or instructions to; to direct, order; to instruct, show how (to do something); also gen. to teach, instruct. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 lerec900 iwisseOE to teach a personc1000 wisc1000 ylereOE avayc1315 readc1330 learna1382 informc1384 beteacha1400 form1399 kena1400 redec1400 indoctrinea1450 instructc1449 ensign1474 doctrine1475 introduct1481 lettera1500 endoctrinec1500 to have (a person) in schooling?1553 lesson1555 tutor1592 orthographize1596 pupil1599 con1612 indoctrinate1621 art1628 doctrinate1631 document1648 verse1672 documentizea1734 form1770 intuit1776 skill1809 indoctrinize1861 c1000 Ælfric Numbers xxiii. 8 He witegode þa, swa him wissode god. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 He..wisseþ us to leden ure lif on clennesse. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 622 Thow koudest neuere yn loue þyn seluen wysse. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles Prol. 31 For to written him a writte to wissen him better. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20536 Thritti winter and sumdel mare, I lenged man to wiss in lare. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17201 If þou wil werc als i þe wiss. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 9 And wysse me to werpe owte some worde. 1486 Bk. St. Albans e iv And ye speke of the Bucke the fyrst yere he is A fawne sowkyng on his dam say, as I yow wis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). wisv.² /wɪs/ Forms: Also 1600s (3rd person singular) wisses, 1800s wiss. pseudo-archaic. Originally in I wis = iwis adv., interpreted as = ‘I know’; hence occasionally as a synonym of ‘know’ in other parts of the verb, being apprehended as the present of wist, past tense of wit v.¹[The following show various stages of corruption of iwis:— ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 55 Now am I a wedow, iwise. ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 42 Ane was ane wedow, iwis. 1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe C 6 Better cannot be I wist, Descant on it he that list. 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 115 Strange the Proiect was I wish Of this Metamorphosis. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 180 And if I wish he did. But let it rest. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 15 It mov'd and mov'd, and took at last A certain shape, I wist. 1818 Ld. Byron To Mr. Murray v Tours, Travels, Essays, too, I wist, And Sermons to thy mill bring grist. 1893 F. Thompson Poems 15 Wings, I wist, Whose amethyst Trepidations have forgone me. ] ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge, know [verb (transitive)] i-witec900 wit971 yknowOE canOE i-kenc1000 seeOE yknowOE understanda1131 knowlOE can (or could) skillc1340 cona1387 havec1405 kyd1530 weeta1547 digest1549 wist1580 wis1606 savvy1686 sabe1850 1606 Lyly's Euphues (1613) Y 1 b You gall mee more with these tearmes then you wisse [1580 wist, 1597 wish]. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 13 Where my morning haunts are he wisses not. [Cf. 1642 ? J. Hall Modest Confut. To Rdr. A iij b, Where his morning haunts are I wist not.] 1662 A. Cooper Στρατολογια ii. 47 Morgan more valorous than hee wis'd or wil'd. 1803 W. S. Rose tr. Amadis de Gaule 31 Full well I wiss To serve your princely will were perfect bliss. 1834 S. T. Coleridge Alice du Clos in Poet. Wks. II. 60 And, bonny boy, you wis, Lord Julian is a hasty man. 1838 E. B. Barrett Romaunt of Page in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 683/1 In the dark chambère, if the bride were fair, Ye wis I could not see. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † wisadv. Forms: Also Middle English wiss, Middle English wys, 1500s wusse. Etymology: Aphetic form of iwis adj., adv., and n. (compare wis n.). Obsolete. Certainly, assuredly. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [adverb] i-wislichec1000 wislyc1000 yernec1000 wellOE wisc1175 sickera1275 without missa1275 redlyc1275 certainlya1375 sadc1380 confirmedlyc1449 certaina1500 undeceitfully1571 notionless1607 ascertainably1863 absotively1914 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb] iwis?c1160 sickerlyc1175 wisc1175 wislyc1200 i-witterlic1275 sickerc1275 certc1300 hardilyc1300 hardlya1325 certain1330 tristilya1350 certainlya1375 redelya1375 redilya1375 surelyc1380 hand in handa1382 righta1393 assuredlya1400 surea1400 naturallyc1425 in certc1440 ascertainly1477 soverly1513 perqueer1568 really1604 assurelya1626 just1687 pos1710 besure1743 verdad1928 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7410 Þeȝȝ sinndenn wiss hundess. & swin. Þurrh þeȝȝre laþe sinness. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2866 Wiss to soþe. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 31 Ase wis as in þilke flech þet þe tok nes neauer sunne [etc.]. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1863 Þat mighti king, ful son and wiss, Did turn þair baret in-to blis. c1330 Amis & Amil. 1292 The steward swore the pople among, As wis as he seyd no wrong, God help him at his nede! 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 276 Als so wiss mot I be schrive. c1400 Rom. Rose 6433 God so wys be my socour [Fr. si m'aist Diex]. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 760 God help me so as wys This is to muche. 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. i. sig. B^v Lor. Why I hope you will not a hawking now, will you? Step. No wusse . View more context for this quotation This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1000v.¹c1000v.²1606adv.c1175
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