wholeadj.int.n.adv.

Brit.

/həʊl/, U.S.

/hoʊl/

Forms:

α. Old English hale (rare), Old English hall (rare), Old English–early Middle English hal; see also hale adj., n.⁴, and adv.

β. Middle English hoel, Middle English hoill (Kent), Middle English hol, Middle English hold, Middle English holde, Middle English holee, Middle English hoyl (northern and East Anglian), Middle English hoyll (Yorkshire), Middle English ol, Middle English ole, Middle English oull, Middle English–1500s hoal, Middle English–1500s hoale, Middle English–1500s holle, Middle English–1500s hool, Middle English–1500s hoole, Middle English–1500s hooll, Middle English–1500s hoolle, Middle English–1500s hoylle (Yorkshire), Middle English–1500s oole, Middle English–1600s holl, Middle English–1700s hole, late Middle English–1600s wholle, late Middle English–1600s whoole, late Middle English– whole, 1500s hoell, 1500s houl, 1500s houll, 1500s howl, 1500s howle, 1500s howll, 1500s whoal, 1500s whoule, 1500s woll, 1500s wolle, 1500s–1600s whoale, 1500s–1600s wholl, 1500s–1700s whol, 1600s whoall; English regional 1600s–1700s holle, 1600s 1800s– who (Cheshire), 1700s how, 1800s wooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– ho (Isle of Wight), 1800s– hooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whoal (Derbyshire), 1800s– whol (Yorkshire), 1800s– wholl (Yorkshire), 1800s– whooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whul, 1800s– whull, 1800s– wole, 1800s– woll (Yorkshire), 1800s– wul, 1800s– wull, 1900s– hull, 1900s– wool (Staffordshire); U.S. regional 1800s holl, 1800s whull, 1800s– hull; Scottish pre-1700 hoill, pre-1700 hol, pre-1700 hole, pre-1700 holl, pre-1700 holle, pre-1700 hoole, pre-1700 hoyll, pre-1700 qhole, pre-1700 quhol, pre-1700 quhole, pre-1700 quholl, pre-1700 quholle, pre-1700 quole, pre-1700 quoll, pre-1700 uholl, pre-1700 whoall, pre-1700 whoell, pre-1700 whoill, pre-1700 whol, pre-1700 wholl, pre-1700 wholle, pre-1700 1700s– whole, 1800s hoil (Shetland); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– wholt; also Welsh English 2000s– hool, 2000s– ool, 2000s– whool.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hēl (West Frisian hiel ), Old Dutch hēl (Middle Dutch heel , heil , Dutch heel ), Old Saxon hēl (Middle Low German hēl , hēil ), Old High German heil , hēl (Middle High German, German heil ), Old Icelandic heill , Old Swedish hel , heel , heil , häl (Swedish hel ), Old Danish hel , hiæl (Danish hel ), Gothic hails , Crimean Gothic iel , < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic cělŭ complete, whole, Old Prussian kails (interjection) hail, and (with suffixation) kailūstiskun (accusative) health; perhaps further cognate with Old Welsh coil omen (Welsh coel ; compare discussion at holy adj.). Compare hale adj., n.⁴, and adv., heal n., heal v.¹, and also heal adj.Form history. Spellings with initial wh- appear in the mid 15th cent. and reflect development of a w -glide chiefly before long open ǭ (see discussion at wh n.), sometimes followed by loss of the initial h- . Failure of the glide to develop before a short vowel meant that w rarely appeared in spellings of wholesome adj. (where the vowel was usually shortened before the consonant cluster ls ) until considerably later; this difference probably underlies the occasional tendency in early modern orthoepists and some authors (e.g. Spenser) to distinguish senses relating to completeness and senses relating to health and soundness (i.e. branches A. II. and A. I.) by pronunciations and spellings respectively with and without w . (See further E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §431, and compare also the initial h- in healthy adj.) Pronunciations with initial /w/ (and occasionally /hw/) survive in modern English regional varieties: J. Wright Eng. Dial. Gram. (1905) 678–9 records such pronunciations widely from the north, the midlands, and the south-west; Surv. Eng. Dial. likewise (for wholemeal n.) from Westmorland, Derbyshire, Shropshire, and Monmouthshire. Specific senses. In senses A. 4 and A. 5a after classical Latin sānus sane adj. Compare especially sānae mentis of sound mind, sānus mentis sound of mind. Compare also French sain (1357 in Middle French in sense ‘sensible, wise’, c1365 in sense ‘sound of mind’). With sense A. 5b compare the earlier Old English derivatives hālwende healing, healthful, salutary, hālbǣre wholesome, salutary. In sense A. 10a after post-classical Latin integer integer adj. Compare whole-leaved adj., whole tone n., and whole note n. (a) at Compounds 1b. Compare also sense A. 7c and discussion at whole wheat n. In sense A. 10b after post-classical Latin solidus solid adj. In some compounds and phrases after the corresponding compounds and phrases with half adj., demi- prefix, and semi- prefix; compare whole sister and whole brother at sense A. 9b (respectively after half-sister n. and half-brother n.; compare slightly earlier full adj. 5d), and also whole-cannon n., whole culverin n., whole holiday n., whole pull n., and whole stitch n. at Compounds 1b. More commonly, such compounds and phrases are formed with full adj. (compare senses 5 and 6 at that entry). Use in salutations. With use in salutations with the imperative or subjunctive of the verb (see sense A. 3b), compare Old Saxon hēl uuis thu , hēl uues , Middle Low German wes hēil , Old High German heil wis , Middle High German heil sīst du , heil wis tu , wis heil , Old Icelandic ver heill , heill þú sér (also kom heill welcome, far heill farewell), Crimean Gothic iel vburt (for iel vvurt ). Compare later wassail n. With use as interjection (see quots. OE¹ and a1225 at sense A. 3b) compare Middle Dutch heil , Old High German heil (Middle High German, German heil : see heil int.), Old Icelandic heill , Gothic hails , (quoted in a Latin text) eils , and further Old Prussian kails (use as interjection (in greetings and toasts) of the nominative singular masculine of the otherwise unattested adjective; compare Baltic and Slavonic forms cited above). Compare later hail int. For the use of cognate nouns (compare heal n. and the discussion at holy adj.) in salutations in various Germanic languages, compare Dutch heil (in constructions with an indirect object: compare hail int. b), Middle Low German hēil (e.g. in gūt hēil ; compare hail n.² 2), Middle High German, German Heil (e.g. in heil dir ; compare hail int. b). Compare also all hail int. For semantically similar formations in other languages, compare e.g. ave int., salve n.⁵, and vale int. Prefixed form in Old English. Prefixed Old English gehāl yhole adj. shows considerable semantic overlap with this word, and survives into Middle English. Although much less frequent in Old English overall, it is attested more commonly than the unprefixed adjective in senses of branch A. II. such as ‘complete, entire’ (compare especially quot. eOE at sense A. 6a); it is also attested earlier in senses A. 2b and A. 7.

A. adj. (and int.)

I. In good condition, sound. In senses A. 1 – A. 4 often in collocation with sound, fere, hail, etc., in early use.

a. Of a person or animal, the body or part of the body: free from wounds or injury; unhurt, unharmed; (contextually) recovered from a wound or injury; †(of a wound) healed (obsolete). Cf. to lick whole at lick v. 1e. Now archaic.In early use sometimes more generally: safe from any kind of harm or danger.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury

unwoundedOE

wholeOE

unwemmedc1175

hailc1275

wemlessc1330

sound as a trouta1450

unmaimeda1470

unmaggled1508

unmenyied?a1513

in (also with) a whole skin1534

woundless1579

unmartyred1580

wound-free1609

invulnered1613

fist-free1615

invulneratea1680

unmangled1885

OE Beowulf (2008) 1974 Lindgestealla lifigende cwom heaðolaces hal to hofe gongan.

OE Daniel 270 Hyssas hale hwurfon in þam hatan ofne, ealle æfæste ðry.

OE Blickling Homilies 177 Hie þa hine on rode ahengan..& he ða soðlice minum ceapum [perh. read cempum; L. militibus] hine halne & gesundne ðy ðriddan dæge æteowde.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 29 Mon mei underfon ane wunde on his licome þet ne mei beon longe hwile hal.

c1300 St. John Baptist (Laud) 131 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 33 His heued ȝut, and is finguer al-so, boþe huy beoth hole and sounde.

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 717 (MED) Ichaue brouȝt an oyniment For make þe boþe hol & fere.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2484 (MED) Þe hurt watz hole þat he hade hent in his nek.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job v. 18 He smytith, and hise hondis schulen make hool.

1452 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 60 Wheche wownde was neuer hol to the daye of her deth.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 836/2 Hole and safe, sayn et sauf.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 131 When the wounde is whoale, what neede any playster or further surgery?

1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. I4 A man is not so soone whole as hurt.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 9 He was thrust in the mouth with a Speare, and 'tis not whole yet.

1651 J. Horn Caveat to All True Christians vi. 255 Letting ones brethren sink or swim, be sick or well, wounded or whole, prodigals or thrifty, without looking after them.

1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. 617 They saw..his Body whole and untouch'd, and knew that his Blood was still in his Veins.

1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa I. iv. 15 At night I reached this town with a whole neck. A lucky thing enough, considering how precipitously the postilions drove.

1844 G. R. Gleig Light Dragoon xvi One whole man..is enough to take care of a wounded one.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 131 She..Felt it [sc. the babe] sound and whole from head to foot.

1930 Boys' Life Aug. 44/2 Antonius was vastly relieved to see me sound and whole.

2003 L. W. Miller Pern & Giant Forest 45 Derek started chanting the mending spell, and the eerie feeling of knitting bones and tendons and reforming cartilage replaced the fire of pain and soon his leg was whole again.

b. Modifying skin, limbs, etc., used metonymically to indicate a person or animal is uninjured or unharmed. Cf. skin n. Phrases 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > freedom from injury

whole1602

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 817 And furthwithall they were as hole of hyde and lymme as ever they were in their lyff.]

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 72 Let them keep their limbs hole, and hack our English.

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 100 Your hearts are mightie, you skins are whole.

1648 Bp. J. Hall Breathings Devout Soul xxvii. 41 A third with Lazarus wants bread, and a whole skin.

1756 Crit. Rev. Mar. 145 The hostler kept his halfpence, and his skin whole.

1760 Life & Adventures of Cat 21 Though he made several attempts upon her larder, he seldom availed himself of the expedition, being glad to get off with whole bones, he being a rival in these purloinings with the old taylor.

1820 W. Scott Abbot II. v. 141 We must back to perch and mew, and thank heaven, more than our own wit, with our bones whole, and without a stab in the stomach.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxx. 293 When a man's got his limbs whole, he can bear a smart cut or two.

1922 R. M. Binder Business & Professions xix. 299 It was after all a code of which the other classes knew nothing, because they were too much concerned with preserving their skin whole.

1991 R. Jordan Dragon Reborn xlvii. 474 You delivered the Lady Elayne's letter, then?..And kept your skin whole, it seems.

a. Of an object: free from damage or defect; in good condition; unbroken.Sometimes overlapping with sense A. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact

yholec1000

wholeOE

all wholec1175

hale1357

haila1400

intactc1450

undeflowereda1533

dintless1558

pure1607

undinteda1616

entirea1631

neat1715

OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xxxv. 59 Wicþenas..heora þeningfata clæne and hale [L. munda et sana] þam hordere betæcen.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 (MED) Ȝif he [sc. the pot] belæfð hal and ȝesund, ðe pottere hine deð ðar to ðe he iscapen was.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 10 So gleam glidis þurt þe glas, of þi bodi born he was, and þurt þe hoale þurch he gload.

c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 364 Ber wiþ þe forti pund, And þine cupe hol & sund.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2776 Ðo sag moyses at munt synay..Fier brennen on ðe grene leaf, And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7395 Her armes, riche of mounde, Weren ȝut hole and sounde.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3368 (MED) When he was take vp of þe vrthe, he was as wholle And as freysshe as he was ony tyme þat day byfore.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 117 Yet hadde he his spere hoill.

1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia Pl. XXII, in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) sig. D2 Their bones (remaininge still fastened together with the ligaments whole and vncorrupted) are couered a gayne with leather.

1611 R. Peake tr. S. Serlio 3rd Bk. Archit. 27 b Traians Columne is the wholest.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 121 His corslet wholler then his clothes.

1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 205 This is worse than what Tinkers do, to make a Hole in a whole Vessel.

1718 P. Rae Hist. Late Rebellion 287 Bringing..the whole Boats they found in their Way.

1785 European Mag. Apr. 256/1 This wicked jade then took up a glass, threw it against the wall, broke it into a thousand fragments, and instantly shewed it the company as whole as at first.

1829 Chapters Physical Sci. 185 When the pipe is quite whole and sound.

1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 8 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 298 She [sc. a statue] is just as whole as when she left the hands of the sculptor.

1938 D. Parker in New Yorker 5 Feb. 15/1 The baby was in Sunday white; its dress was patched so delicately that you would have thought the fabric whole.

2000 N. Pickard Whole Truth 70 It was a chain of little plastic hearts... It was whole, not broken.

b. Of immaterial things: intact, unimpaired. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact > specifically of immaterial things

wholelOE

entire1601

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lii. 403 Hie sint to manienne ðæt hie..giemen, ðeah hi ðæt god hira gecynde gehal [L. integra] nolden gehealdan, ðæt hi hit huru tobrocen gebeten.]

lOE Canterbury Psalter: Canticles xv. 2 Catholicam fidem, quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit : þane fulfremedon geleafan, þane bute hwilc halne & unwemne gehealde.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxviii. 2 His lif shal ben hoel [L. sospes] and lyuynge.

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 327 (MED) It was ordeyned in þe parlement þat all Cathedrall cherches shold ioy and haue her eleccions hool; & þat þe King..sholde not write aȝens hem þat were ychosen.

c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. xij/1 That the citezens..haue alle her fraunchyses and free custumes holl and vnblemyshed as they before this tyme hadden hem.

a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Prol. sig. Aj There is nothynge so entier, but it diminisheth, nor nothyng so hole, but that is wery.

1629 G. Carleton Collegiat Suffrage v. 129 The seed of regeneration, with all those fundamentall graces, without which the state of a regenerate man cannot stand, is preserved whole and sound.

1795 Analyt. Rev. Nov. 537 This country, whose honour..was delivered safe, whole, and unimpaired into his hands.

1888 Churchman 28 Apr. 454/3 That good thing committed to them by the Holy Ghost [sc. the episcopate], the bishops of Scotland preserved and transmitted, whole and intact, to this day.

1908 tr. G. V. Fradryssa Rom. Catholicism capitulating before Protestantism iii. 21 If our confession of faith is fixed once and for all,..it will always remain whole in the midst of all perplexities and disturbances.

1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre 60 Her India had remained intact; her idea of the world had remained whole.

a. In good health; free from disease or illness; well; (contextually) restored to health, recovered from disease or illness; better. Now chiefly archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy

wholeeOE

isoundOE

i-sundfulc1000

ferec1175

soundc1175

fish-wholea1225

forthlyc1230

steadfasta1300

wella1300

safec1300

tidya1325

halec1330

quartc1330

well-faringc1330

well-tempered1340

well-disposeda1398

wealyc1400

furnished1473

mighty?a1475

quartful?c1475

good1527

wholesomea1533

crank1548

healthful1550

healthy1552

hearty1552

healthsome1563

well-affected?1563

disposed1575

as sound as a bell1576

firm1577

well-conditioned1580

sound1605

unvaletudinary1650

all right1652

valid1652

as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655

fair-like1663

hoddy1664

wanton1674

stout?1697

trig1704

well-hained1722

sprack1747

caller1754

sane1755

finely1763

bobbish1780

cleverly1784

right1787

smart1788

fine1791

eucratic1795

nobbling1825

as right as a trivet1835

first rate1841

in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844

gay1855

sprackish1882

game ball1905

abled1946

well-toned1952

a hundred per cent1960

oke1960

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [adjective] > recovered

yheledc900

wholeeOE

safec1300

halec1330

healeda1400

recovered1477

bettered?1533

resuscitated1576

wella1616

stout?1697

a hundred per cent1960

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. vi. 402 Ðu eart nu git swiðe gesælig, nu ðu git liofast & eart hal.

OE tr. Vindicta Salvatoris (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) in J. E. Cross Two Old Eng. Apocrypha (1996) 279 Me þæs blodes fleusa huru twelf gear eglode, ic wæs þa sona hal [L. sana] geworden.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15519 Ȝho..Warrþ hal off hire unnhæle.

a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 114 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 167 Wa se seið þet he bo hal, him solf wat best his smirte.

c1300 St. Barnabas (Laud) 61 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 28 He bi-cam anon hol and sound.

c1300 Pilate (Harl.) 142 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 115 Anon þo he þe ymage iseȝ he was ol anon.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1097 A stoon..so..vertuous That hole a man it koude make Of palasie and tothe ake.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 24 Iaques recouerd of his maladye and bycam alle hool.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. l^v Thy fayth hath saved the [1611 King James made thee whole], goo in peace, and be whole off thy plage.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxix. f. 49 I repute it a very perillous thinge for a hole man to reste and be idell.

1629 Orkney Witch Trial in County Folk Lore (1903) 3 103 Quha being quholl then deit within thrie dayes be your witchcraft.

1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. 13 The Gospel also testifies of a sheep-poole, into which whosoever stepped first, after the Water was troubled by the Angel, was made whole of whatsoever disease he had.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 162 We are all whole and sound People here, and we would not have you bring the Plague among us.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. iv. 49 Him who made Tobias whole.

1897 A. Lang tr. J. J. Bourassé Miracles Madame St. Katherine of Fierbois i. 56 There she made her oblation, and so departed, whole and well.

1920 N. N. Riddell Vital Christianity iii. xii. 259 Say, ‘I am whole,’ rather than, ‘I am not sick.’ The latter throws into the subjective mind the suggestion of sickness.

2012 P. S. Thng tr. L. Sung Diary J. Sung viii. 301 She recalled that everyone at the scene, sick or whole, was shouting with great joy.

†b. In greetings or salutations, wishing a person well. Cf. hail adj. 1b Obsolete.Also (cf. quots. OE¹, a1225) as int.: = hail int. [With quot. 1583 compare all hail int. and the Dutch form cited there.]

ΚΠ

OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Mark xiv. 45 Statim accedens ad eum ait rabbi : sona gineolicadun to him cwæð hal larwa [OE Lindisf. la laruu].

OE Beowulf (2008) 407 Beowulf maðelode..: ‘Wæs þu, Hroðgar, hal!’

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 144 Sy ðu hal, leof, Iudeiscra leoda cyning.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) i. 28 Hal wes ðu [c1200 Hatton hal wæsse þu; L. have].

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 117 (MED) Hoal ði godnesse!

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7452 Hal [c1300 Otho hayl] wrð þu lauerd king.

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 12 b Thei cried with a lustie courage, All whole noble mates all whole.]

c. Morally or spiritually sound; virtuous, upright; free or freed from sin or corruption. Frequently in to make whole.

ΚΠ

OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxi. 8 Doð eowre heortan hige hale and clæne.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 14 Þe bið hal on his [sc. Jesus's] nome þe ðe hine hæle bit... Bide þe nu hæle on þæs Hælendes nome modes & lichame.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 89 (MED) God wolde þat proude men and leprous heretikes wolden wel confesse þe feiþ, and þan shulden þei be hool.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 191 (MED) Ihesu gladly makyth þe hole fro þi synne.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii Hole in body, holler in his soule, and richer in goodes.

1621 R. Lovell Two Soveraigne Salves 20 Thou art Whole, Therefore sinne no more.

1675 W. Sherlock Def. & Contin. Disc. Knowl. Jesus Christ ii. 137 According to my notion, in reference to the demands of the Gospel, we may in a proper sense be said to be justified. So that I am whole again all on a sudden.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) vi. ii O Lord,..save my Soul, And for thy Mercy sake make whole.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter iii, in Poems (new ed.) 34 A soul..So healthy, sound and clear and whole.

1866 J. G. Whittier Our Master xiv We touch Him in life's throng and press, And we are whole again.

1946 Life 21 Oct. 36/3 If ours is to be a whole and healthy civilization, our politics needs the feminine touch.

1990 L. Tooma & Y. Nelson Exploring Bible 8/1 They recalled that those who once felt Jesus' touch and heard his voice were made whole again.

4. Of a person: of sound mind, sane; (of the mental faculties) free from impairment, sound. Cf. of whole memory at memory n. Phrases 3a. Now rare.Often in legal contexts, esp. in or with reference to the writing of wills. Later examples are perhaps merely contextual uses of sense A. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > [adjective] > of the mind

rightOE

wholeOE

good1404

sound1531

static1652

spacked1673

unobscured1748

valid1854

OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) v. 15 Hi gesawon þone ðe mid deofle gedreht wæs, gescrydne sittan, [&] hales modes [L. sanae mentis].

lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 45 Swa hyt byð æac be þæs modes æagan, þæt is andgit. Swa swa þæt halre byð, swa hyt mare geseon mæg þære æccan sunnan, þæt is wysdom.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark v. 15 Thei camen to Jhesu, and thei seen hym..sittynge clothid, and of hoole mynde [L. sanæ mentis].

1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 30 I. Iohn Chelmyswyk, squier of Shropshire, hole of mynde & in my gode memorie beyng.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 38 (MED) Þouȝ eche man..myȝtte lyue hool & sond in bodi & wittis.

1507 Test. of James Hamour in C. W. Foster Lincoln Wills (1914) I. 32 Of a holle mynde and hoill memory.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 4 If I flatter not my selfe, I haue a whole minde within my crasie bodie.

1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights 165 Indenture sealed by person or persons of full age, of whole memory.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Disability,..where a man is not of whole Memory..so, that in all cases, where he passeth any Estate out of him, it may, after his death, be disanull'd.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sane, sound, whole, in his Sences.

1847 Jurist 15 May 187/2 The will of such a person ought not to be taken to be the offspring of a whole and sane mind.

1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell ii. ix. 157 I am..unsure if I be whole of mind. I think I have been estranged from my right wits.

1913 E. Jones in W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe Mod. Treatm. Nerv. & Mental Dis. I. viii. 331 With a neurosis..the very organ that yields consolation, that philosophizes, is no longer whole.

1989 D. Koontz Midnight iii. vii. 405 His unwavering will to lead as full a life as possible was what had kept him whole in mind and heart.

†5.

a. Based on good judgement; sound, wise; morally correct. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome

goodOE

wholeOE

wholesomec1175

whole?c1225

hailsome1372

healthfulc1384

haila1393

halea1400

salutairec1450

salutary1490

wholesome1549

salutiferec1550

salutiferous?c1550

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salubrious1659

apple pie1960

OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxxii. 226 Tu autem loquere quę decet sanam, id est integram, doctrinam : þu soðlice spec þa gerist hale lare.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. vi. 3 If ony man..acordith not to the hoole [L. sanis], or holsum, wordis of oure Lord.., is proud.

1422 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) I. 1 (MED) Ȝhe schal..ȝhif trewe and hole counsell..to the Mair.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. iv. sig. r.iiii ^v After the moost hole opynyon [Fr. selon la plus saine opinion].

b. Conducive to physical well-being; wholesome, healthy. Obsolete.With quot. a1500 cf. sound adj. 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome

goodOE

wholeOE

wholesomec1175

whole?c1225

hailsome1372

healthfulc1384

haila1393

halea1400

salutairec1450

salutary1490

wholesome1549

salutiferec1550

salutiferous?c1550

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salubrious1659

apple pie1960

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 272 Ne nome neauer ȝeme hwat wes hal. hwat unhal to eotene ne to drinken.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 251 Ase moche ase þe welle yuelþ lesse of þe erþe, zuo moche hi is þo holer and þe betere of to drinke.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 23 (MED) First biholde aboute and se thyn aier; If hit be cleer and hool [L. salutaris], stond out of fere.

a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 He lediþ his sheep wel in hool pasture þat wole not rote.

II. Complete, undivided, total, and related uses.

a. Not separated into parts or particles; not ground, broken up, or cut into pieces; undivided, entire; in one piece. Cf. sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > united into a whole > not divided, separated, or split

wholeeOE

unparteda1398

undealta1400

undividedc1412

individedc1430

undeparted1430

indeparted1434

untwinnedc1450

unsparpled1508

undissevered1521

unseparated1545

inseparate1550

unseparate1553

unsundered1594

unspleeted1609

inseparizeda1618

undisjointed1631

unparcelled1648

unsplit1656

unanalysed1661

indivise1677

unattenuated1727

uncomminuted1758

undecomposed1758

undismembered1758

indiscrete1782

undecompounded1795

undismantled1830

impartite1862

undiscrete1862

uncleave1893

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxi. 481 Hwæþer þu þonne [on]gite þæt ælc þara wuhta þe him beon þen[cð], þæt hit þencð ætgædere bion, gehal, untodæled [L. unum]? Forðæm gif hit todæled bið, þonne ne bið hit no hal.

OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Hatton) (O.E.D. transcript) vii. 256 Wið ælces cynnes næddran bite, gate smero & hire tord & weax mylt & gemæng tosomne, wirc swa hit man hal [OE Vitell. gehal] forswelgan mæge.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 12 Swolewe wee hym..hol as the descendende in to the lake.

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 9 Take þe pertryche, an stuffe hym wyth hole pepir.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 78 He saw the brayis hye standand, The vattir holl throu slike rynand.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.iii The goose & swanne may be cut as ye do other fowles y^t haue hole fete.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lvi. 126 A deede must either not be imputed..or..they which haue it by imputation must haue it such as it is whole.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 14 The walles being all of whole trees as they come out of the wood.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 32 Which will neither way be so strong as the Worm cut out of the whole Iron.

a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 197 One pint of whole oatmeal.

1771 J. Kettilby Let. 27 Apr. in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 86 The whole words..will all stand upright and close tine by tine..and make them more ready to the Compositors hand than a Single loose-type can possibly be.

1811 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 25 148 The forceps at present used..seems better contrived for crushing a soft calculus to pieces, than for holding it fast and withdrawing it whole.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 687 In the manner of gooseberries and apples..baked whole in a dish.

1910 Nation 24 Mar. 290/1 Several of them are tempted..to cut themselves off from the cherished association; but the group remains whole in spite of everything.

1967 A. Ehrenzweig Hidden Order of Art xvi. 285 Being syncretistic, the child's vision and art goes for the whole undivided shape of the object.

2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 52/2 Always use whole chunks of cheese that you grate yourself rather than ready-grated.

†b. Undivided in allegiance or devotion; loyal, faithful, steadfast. Cf. wholehearted adj. 2a, whole-souled adj. at Compounds 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective] > firm or constant

wholea1375

constantc1425

feal1568

handfast1578

blue?1636

firm1705

as true as flint1847

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2952 (MED) His sone & alle oþer schul be ȝour hole frendes, & schul restore riuedli þe reddour þat was maked.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 594 Þere he fyndez al fayre a freke wythinne, Þat hert honest and hol.

1451 G. Debenham et al. in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 71 The sheriff is noght so hole as he was, for now he wille shewe but a part of his frendeshipp.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxvii[i]. 37 Their herte was not whole [1611 King James right] with him, nether continued they in his couenaunt.

a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 344 Gods deare chyldren, whose hartes are whole wyth the Lorde.

†c. Not divided in opinion; united, unanimous. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [adjective]

anmodOE

accordantc1350

concordable1393

ogrant?a1400

whole1413

agreeing1440

communala1470

concordant1477

agreeablea1525

greeinga1547

one-hearted?1584

consenting1589

well-tuned1592

consentient1622

concording1627

unanimousa1631

unanimate1633

homodox1656

concurrent1660

concerted1673

of one lip1677

homodoxian1716

harmonious1724

concurring1732

assenting1752

one-voiced1821

solidary1841

solidaire1845

solid1855

ditto-saying1892

assented1907

1413 in F. A. Page-Turner Bedfordshire Wills (1914) 18 (MED) They togedre wyþ oole assent to mynystre & to fulfylle my last Wille.

1451 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 116 The Kyng by the hole aduyse of all the greet councell of Inglond,..send hider his said comission.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance iii. f. 3^v By the hole consent of the Senate and people.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxv To whome they, with a whole voyce, aunswered nay, nay.

1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights xviii. 32 If by their whole agreement the eldest make the diuision it is said..that she shall last make election.

1694 W. Colepeper Heroick Poem upon King 4 Choice by the whole Consent of Nations known,The Lords, the Commons, and the Peoples Voice.

d. Coal Mining. Of coal or a coal seam: unworked, yet to be worked; in the earliest stages of being worked. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > mined > of coal > not

whole1753

unwrought1789

unworked1883

1753 in Trans. North Eng. Inst. Mining & Mech. Engineers (1891) 38 190 The Fortune Pit has wrought 260 tens of coals, and has a great quantity of whole coal yet left in her.

1844 T. Sopwith Mining Rec. 19 For the most part, a width of whole coal will be left sufficient to pass through to the lower seams.

1893 T. J. Foster Coal & Metal Miners' Pocket-bk. (rev. ed.) 199 Drainage of whole coal by bore-holes and gas-drifts in a higher seal might answer in certain cases.

1905 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 1903–4 26 256 From the 7 acres of whole coal..some 46,000 tons of coal have been produced.

a. Lacking no part, element, or essential characteristic; having its entire extent or magnitude; perfect, complete.Chiefly of abstract things; when used of material objects, overlapping with sense A. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective]

wholelOE

entirec1430

integera1509

integral1611

OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) i. 9 Plerumque caritas quibusdam occupationibus praepedita, et integra flagrat in corde : wel oft soð lufu sumum bysgungum gelætt & gehal scinð on heortan.]

lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 54 Ða cwæð heo: [gelyf] gefæstlice Gode, and be[fæ]ste þe halne [L. te totum] Gode, and na [read ne] wilna na to swiðe þines agnes willan ofer hys.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 165 Þis is ȝet þe uertu þe halt..ure feble flesch... In hal halinesse.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 91 With hol trust and with hol believe.

c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 111 The cleernesse hool of Sapience.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 158 The nombre schall eueremore ben hool.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 72 If þe kirk, wiþ out oole autorite, solempnize matrimoyn forbidun of þe general kirk.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvij^v He permitteth..the whole supper of the Lorde [i.e. communion in both kinds].

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. iii. f. 24 Seeing these women will not bee the whole Mothers of their Children, they oughte at leaste to bee carefull to chuse good Nurses.

1609 W. B. tr. Philosophers Banquet ii. x. f. 66^v Yet in his youth was he accessary to the errour of his years, that he followed the whole sway and stray of youth.

1689 Irish Hudibras 79 A Meddar..Which tho 'twas reckon'd but a small one, Contain'd Three halfs of a whole Gallon.

1701 G. Stanhope tr. St. Augustine Pious Breathings 257 Thou art the Bread of Life, every day eaten, yet still whole and never consumed.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 103 At whole Allowance.

1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 9 Nov. 716/1 The pit was but moderately filled at whole price.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxix. 97 That thus my pleasure might be whole.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Nov. 5/2 There were four occasions on which the wind reached force 10, or what is known among sailors as a ‘whole’ gale.

1915 G. J. Nathan Another Bk. on Theatre 296 If a playwright has anything genuinely interesting..to say, he is at whole liberty to put that something into the mouths of the stock sawdust dolls of the stage.

2012 J. Piven & S. Applebaum In Studio with J. Piven 68 One at a time, add your own sound and movement in relation to the other person. Add on until a whole ‘machine’ is working together.

b. Of a person's commitment, effort, energy, etc.: devoted to one object; full, complete. Frequently in whole heart; cf. heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 1j(a). Now somewhat rare (in later use influenced by wholehearted adj. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > [adjective] > full, complete, or perfect

wholea1375

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 163 (MED) Ȝe..alle wiȝth on hol hert to þe heiȝ king of heuene preieth a pater noster.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2339 He that..Yaff hoole his herte in will and thought.

c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 103 Y bileeue in hool mynde, Þe holi goost schalle knytte aȝen Þe soule to þe fleische.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xv. 15 They soughte him with a whole wyll.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 36 With hardynes of hond & with hole might.

1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah xiii. 283 Such as set their whole labour on that which is but errour, and make a studie of it.

1680 Jews Catech. 22 That he draws off his Mind from the frail and perishing things of this present World, and fixes his whole intention upon the study of the Law and pure Religion.

1723 London Jrnl. 19 Jan. 2/2 I could join with my whole heart, in this Allegation.

1888 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 765/2 The true duties..must be attended to with a whole mind.

1915 W. Long in Addr. Empire Club Canada 22 Disraeli gave his whole effort to teach his countrymen that they had a great Imperial future before them.

2006 C. James North Face Soho xi. 166 Even when working with a whole heart, you are bound to have the occasional failure.

c. Containing all its proper or essential constituents; esp. (of milk) unskimmed. Cf. whole blood n. 2, whole-grain adj., wholemeal n., etc.Recorded earliest in whole wheat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [adjective] > relating to milk > whole or full-cream

whole1527

full-cream1855

1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. cciv The farthynge loffe of the hole whete shall wey the cocket and the halfe.

1793 T. Baird Gen. View Agric. Middlesex 51 By churning the whole milk together, it is most probable that the waste will not be so great, as in collecting the cream.

1867 Health Reformer Aug. 22/1 The whole flour, or Graham flour, contains three times as much nutriment of this kind as the fine white flour.

1894 Field 9 June 846/2 It is less trouble to churn whole milk than to churn cream.

1905 Creamery Jrnl. Sept. 11/1 If the milk is whole and rich the temperature..may be raised gradually a few degrees.

1975 A. Ancowitz Strokes & their Prevention x. 188 Bran Muffins: Substitute 1½ cups whole-bran cereal for 1 cup of flour.

2010 Gourmet Retailer (Nexis) Aug. Demo whole juice made in a professional-quality blender that allows you to include both the juice and the fiber from vitamin-rich fresh fruits.

8. In attributive use.

a. The total amount or extent of; every part of, all; entire, full.Now the most common sense.Formerly pleonastically or emphatically modified by all or entire, esp. in senses A. 8a(a), A. 8a(c). Cf. all whole adj.

(a) Modifying a singular noun, following a determiner or possessive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective]

alleOE

altogetherOE

allOE

wholea1325

halea1400

altogethers1569

orl1898

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2243 Bereð dat siluer hol agon.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 184 Þe herde & his hende wif & al his hole meyne þat bold barn wiþ his bowe..fedde.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 86 Þei fasten an hool moneth.

1491–2 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 181 The clarkes wages for an oull yere iiij s iiij d.

1532 Remedy of Love in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccclxviii/1 Eche letter an hole worde dothe represent As C, put for colde, and D, for olde.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 106 Menelay the mighty & the mayn telamon So sturnly with stod with þaire strenkyth holl.

1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. I.ii^v Our savior Christ continued the whole night in praier.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. liv. 114 To be the peace of the whole world.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 12 All the whole time I was my Chambers Prisoner.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 186 That Parliament from which the hole Kingdome expected a Reformation.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 78. ⁋8 Hippocrates, who visited me throughout my whole Illness.

1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 169 In all the whole enlightened system.

1802 E. Forster tr. Arabian Nights V. 146 He related his whole adventure, from beginning to end.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 66 The whole..manner of looking at things alters with every age.

1904 H. James Let. 18 Nov. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) i. 40 Augustus Jay offered me a spin around the whole island.

1940 J. L. Coolidge Hist. Geom. Methods ii. ii. 145 The whole volume is largely devoted to theorems which are dual to those already developed.

1992 S. Logie Winging It ix. 195 Richmond..concluded that Kearns should scrap the whole idea right away.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 75/1 Her whole apartment smelled of potpourri.

(b) With a numeral. With the, as the whole —. (formerly †the — whole). Also without the, as — whole, †whole —.Without the, frequently modifying a noun denoting a period of time, and overlapping with sense A. 8b.

ΚΠ

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4631 Charlys þe Citee þo gan asayle, Two dawes hole.

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 340 Ȝif vchon haue a godhede I graunte, bi him-selue, I seie þat on is also good as þe þreo hole.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. To Quene Katerine f. iii The spirituall leauen whiche your grace beyng a ghostly housewyfe for the behoufe of all the whole royalme of England,..hath in suche wyfe hydden in all the whole fower peckes of English meale, East, west, North & South.

1581 Earl of Arundel Callophisus (single sheet) To defend and mainetayne against all men whosoeuer, for sixe courses a peece, the whole sixe, or any of the sixe Articles which follow.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 118 Bellarmine spends two whole Chapters in confuting their Arguments.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 32 The fourth Persecution..wherein the Church had no breathing for whole twenty yeares together.

1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 311 He..staid whole ten days.

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 228 I brought the whole three to the ground at one shot.

1897 Outing 30 381/1 A stream tumbled over it the whole ten feet, and splattered into a little pool below.

1978 I. B. Singer Shosha iii. 50 You should have taken the whole five hundred. To him that's a trifle.

2005 BBC Focus Dec. 74/4 The average fraudster gets away with their crimes for eight whole months before someone finally twigs what they are up to.

(c) Modifying a plural noun, following a determiner or possessive. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now rare, except as in sense A. 8b.Now usually expressed by the whole of or all. Formerly occasionally without article; cf. sense A. 8b.

ΚΠ

1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 Alle the states of this londe were ther gadyrd, the whiche states hole made thes same persones that ben comen here to yowe nowe her procuratours.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 27 All the three kynges and the hole barownes seyde how Merlion devised passynge well.

1516 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 115 Theseid decrees..shalbe..obserued..by the hole Burgesses and inhabitauntes of the same Towne.

1521 Ld. Dacre in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 279 Not doubting..but ye shalbe..recompensed of your hool dueties with th'arreragies.

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. A4 All the whole Dominions, of the Realme.

1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 89 There be whole intire Nations which approve of Incest.

1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1911) 45 233 All the whole ministers are content to be ordered by the enemies of Christ.

1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 203 The French..having reduced almost the whole Netherlands to their obedience.

1798 Monthly Mag. Dec. 436 My whole friends are against me; all my friends.

1808 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 112 We shall get our whole sea-ports put into that state of defence.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. i. 1/2 His whole other Tissues are included.

1895 Times (Weekly ed.) 26 Apr. 324/1 A third of the whole inhabitants of India.

1984 New Scientist 1 Nov. 39/2 The idea that a large enough work force of monkeys trained to type in a random fashion..would sooner or later come up with a Shakespeare sonnet, or even his whole works, is popularly believed.

(d) Modifying a collective noun, without article: all, all of, the whole of. Now nonstandard.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras viii. 7 He taught whole Israel all righteousnes & iudgment.

1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. Yv^v As though whole religion stoude in these pointes onely.

1611 F. Rollenson Serm. preached before His Maiestie iii. 55 Whole Mankind is transformed and changed from good to euill.

1657 W. Rand in tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility Ep. Ded. Not only whole Europe, but Asia also..had their Eyes..fixed upon this Province.

1707 Rehearsal 2 Aug. in C. Leslie View of Times (1750) IV. 18 They will accept of no terms or compositions, less than the destruction of the episcopal hierarchy, and to have whole Britain one presbyterian church.

1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ x. 455 (note) All creatures stand astonished, whole Nature is amazed.

1891 National Rev. Aug. 768 Thus to open up, for whole Europe, the prospect of terrible warfare.

1919 Jrnl. Race Devel. 9 337 Such intrigues and secret manoeuvres of the belligerents as are inevitable among neutral peoples when practically whole mankind is in arms.

2002 C. Sarrat et al. in B. Sportisse Air Pollution Modelling & Simulation 125 Emission potential maps..have been drawn for whole France.

b. Used emphatically, implying an unusually large quantity, number, or extent. Chiefly with dependent of-phrase. Cf. a whole raft of at raft n.², a whole world of at world n. 19a(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > emphatically

whole1553

imaginable1614

conceivable1615

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 69^v You haue heard a whole courte roule of ribauldrie.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare (1611) xiii. 360 He pleadeth his toties, quoties, and thereby would erect a whole totquot of Masses, sans number.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. li. sig. I8^v He tels you of whole fields of Gold and Siluer, Or & Argent.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 142 Sitting..Whole days and nights.

1711 tr. S. Werenfels Disc. Logomachys 101 Then follow..your greater and lesser Realitys, modal Entitys,..Then the States, Amplications, Principles of Individuation, Suppositalitys,..and whole cartloads of Qualitys.

1798 J. O'Keeffe Czar Peter i. iii, in Dramatic Wks. III. 134 The Ship unruly scorns command, And quaffs whole seas of brine.

1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets 11 A whole court of Aldermen hawing and humming.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 163 Whole towns..were left in ruins.

1911 G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians i. 2 Whole shelves of libraries are filled with the records of this quest.

1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives.

2013 Evening Standard 10 Oct. 20/2 Whole swathes of society seem to think that once women have reached their mid-forties they should..behave with some sense of decorum.

c. With the and a noun of reason, purpose, etc. With exclusive force, indicating that only the circumstances described are to be considered: entire; one and only, sole. In later use also: main, primary.Originally a spec. use of sense A. 8a(a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adjective]

firsteOE

headOE

highOE

greatc1350

upperestc1374

chief1377

singular1377

principala1382

royalc1425

cardinal1440

pre-eminenta1460

praisea1475

main1480

maina1525

primary1565

captain1566

arch1574

mistressa1586

capital1597

topless1609

primea1616

metropolitan1635

transeminent1660

whole1675

uppermost1680

primus inter pares1688

topping1694

Sudder1787

par excellence1839

banner1840

primatial1892

1675 W. Collins Missa Triumphans 130 No body can rightly and properly say, that two angels, or two spirits are distant from one another, because they have no bodies, and consequently no univocal places to circumscribe them: and the whole reason is, because distance depends wholy upon an univocal place.

1798 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 VI. 123 The whole question is, therefore, this—‘Has my honourable friend made out such a case as ought to induce this House to enter into the proposed inquiry?’

1813 J. F. Stanfield Ess. on Biogr. ii. ii. 132 The whole purpose of the present essay is to promote a scientific attachment towards this study.

1901 Trans. Inst. Naval Architects 43 23 The whole idea of the design has been, not so much to procure a very high measured-mile speed for a few hours, as to assure a good, continuous ocean speed.

1950 ‘T. Sturgeon’ in Galaxy Oct. 80/1 I showed him the casing of the intricate beam-power apparatus that contained the whole reason for the project.

1990 J. Leavy Squeeze Play iv. 184 The All-Star game is a boondoggle, the whole point of which is to schmooze, to be seen, and to do as little work as humanly possible.

2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 19 Sept. d7/1 The whole idea was to give this Spanish house more of a handmade feeling.

9. Forming or constituting something free from admixture or without addition of anything different; full, pure, unmixed. Often opposed to half.

†a. Modifying an agent noun, personal designation, or title: that does not share the specified position or role with any one else; = sole adj. 5b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective] > possessing or functioning alone

wholea1393

single1639

sole1747

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 722 (MED) Cesar Julius..Governeth under his empire, As he that was hol lord and Sire.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3281 (MED) Knoude was made hole kyng of alle Englonde.

1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §47. m. 9 Hole heire in the taylle to the said Thomas.

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. xv. sig. b2^v One hye hole ordener of al thyngs.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1373/1 His grace is made a whole king, and obeyed in his Realme as a kyng.

1628 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1918) Jan. 35 My..Nephew Thomas..whom I make my whole and onelie Executor.

1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon iii. 123 He said, That he and such other wretches as he, had made the King a whole King, by their Sermons.

1744 G. Horseman Precedents in Conveyancing III. 575 I do hereby constitute and appoint my said dear Husband Arthur Antry sole and whole Executor of this my last Will and Testament.

1776 Will L. Watson in D. Call Rep. Court of Appeals Virginia (1805) 3 306 I do appoint my brother in law, Churchill Ames, for to be my whole executor.

1880 Punch 23 Oct. 189/1 I am a whole Sheriff of London, and half a Sheriff for Middlesex.

b. Modifying a noun denoting a family relationship: having the specified relationship through both parents, esp. in whole brother, whole sister; = full adj. 5d. Cf. half-brother n., half-sister n., whole blood n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > [noun] > whole brother

brother-german1340

whole brotherc1400

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > sister > [noun] > whole sister

sister-germana1382

whole brotherc1400

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 375 Ac alle þat beth myne hole bretheren in blode & in baptesme.

1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man sig. k.iv It is also further forbydden, that any man shall marry with hys syster, whether she be his hole syster, or his halfe syster begotten in mariage, or out of mariage.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxv. 893 He made suite for his owne naturall and whole brother by both sides [L. pro fratre germano], & not for a cousin german.

1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus I. 21 John duke of Ostrogothia..conceived the idea of espousing Maria Elizabetha, the young king's whole sister, and his own first cousin.

1796 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 272/1 His whole-brother, Edward, married Martha, daughter of Sir John Roberts, knt.

1884 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 171/1 After her marriage his half-sister slipped away from Mr. Talbert's life. As whole sisters and brothers so often do the same this fact is not astonishing.

1903 Biometrika 2 59 If we examine the case of man we find only three types of fraternal relationship, i.e. whole siblings or half-siblings on mother's or father's side.

2010 C. Bird Sultan's Shadow ii. viii. 92 There were no two whole brothers among Seyyid Said's surviving children, though there were whole sisters.

c. Bookbinding. Forming or used for the whole of a cover. Cf. half adj. 11.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > [adjective] > forming entirety of cover

whole1821

full1823

1821 J. Townley Illustr. Biblical Lit. II. iii. iv. 337 A bookbinder was procured from Lubeck, who engaged to deliver 2000 copies bound in whole leather.

1868 S. G. Drake Catal. Rare, Useful & Curious Bks. 44 Prime copy in original whole binding.

1900 Musical Times Jan. 57/1 Elegantly bound in whole Morocco.

1939 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 87 688 Other early books can have plain whole leather or whole vellum covers.

2004 S. Walsh tr. T. Strawinsky & D. Strawinsky Stravinsky: Family Chron. 135 The walls were covered with books,..with whole-calf bindings on which the gold tooling still gleamed.

†d. Of a team of horses: all of the same colour. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome

claurie1486

self1562

whole-coloured1605

concolour1646

unicolorate1657

unicolorous1657

self-coloured1682

single-coloured1703

unicolor1781

monocoloured1798

monochromic1803

unicoloured1811

concolorous1840

monochrome1849

one-coloured1854

monochromous1857

monochroous1857

monotoned1857

unicolour1860

solid1883

sole-coloured1885

monochroic1886

whole1892

whole-colour1896

single-colour1935

monocolour1955

mono1970

monotonal1973

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > [adjective] > by wheeled conveyance > by horse drawn vehicle > of a team of horses

whole1892

1892 Daily News 31 May 6/1 Sir John, who used always to have a whole team, has now got one brown horse as wheeler.

10. Mathematics.

a. Of a number: equal to one or to a sum consisting of one added to itself a certain number of times; (also) equal to the negative of such a number or to zero; = integral adj. 4a. Esp. in whole number.The whole numbers are those numbers which correspond to whole or entire quantities (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and their negative values (–1, –2, –3, –4, etc.) , as opposed to, for instance, fractional or complex quantities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > whole

whole?c1425

round1607

brown1611

integral1658

integer1660

?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 17 þou schalt vndurstonde þat mediacion is a takyng out of halfe a nomber out of a holle nomber, as yf þou wolde take 3 out of 6.

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Aii Some are whole nombers... Other are broken nombers, and are commonly called fractions.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. ii. f. 69 Take also the halfe of the whole euen number, that is, of 18. which is 9.

1608 R. Norton tr. S. Stevin Disme: Art of Tenths sig. A3^v A Whole number is either a vnitie, or a compounded multitude of vnities.

1655 T. Stirrup Descr. & Use Universall Quadrat i. xi. 23 Keeping the second whole; you shall have the fourth number whole also.

1718 Daily Courant 3 Jan. 2/2 (advt.) Arithmetick in whole Numbers, and Fractions, Vulgar and Decimal, with the true and most ready way of calculating Interest.

1742 N. Hammond Elements Algebra 49 We cannot divide 1 by 2 and have the Quotient a whole Number.

1831 F. J. Grund tr. M. Hirsch Coll. Arithm. & Algebraic Probl. 321 Every whole number.., is either itself a prime number, or is a product of equal or different prime numbers.

1855 J. R. Young Compend. Course Math. 87 To find the development of (a + x)ⁿ when n is a whole number, either positive or negative.

1912 Monist 22 521 A whole number is that which can be obtained by successive additions, it is that which can be defined by recurrence.

1990 Math. Teacher 83 553/3 Since x is whole, y = 50.

2013 Sunday Globe (Joplin, Missouri) 5 May 1 Third-graders..should be able to interpret products of whole numbers, such as 5 times 7.

†b. Designating a number obtained by multiplying a whole number by itself twice; cubic; = solid adj. 2b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > multiple > of self or forming powers

solidc1430

quadratec1450

wholec1450

cubic1551

squared1557

sursolid1557

cubical?a1560

zenzic1571

quadrato-quadratic1647

quadrato-cubic1654

biquadratic1668

quadrato-quadratical1668

square-squarea1679

powerfula1690

biquadrate1806

quintic1851

sextic1851

superlinear1865

c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 46 (MED) Of nombres one is lyneal, anoþer superficialle, anoþer quadrat, anoþer cubike or hoole.

B. n.

1. With plural agreement. Chiefly with the. Healthy or uninjured people as a class. Now somewhat archaic.Frequently contrasted with the sick.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > person

wholeOE

well1659

able-bodied1717

valid1882

normal1894

well-woman1941

normotensive1953

abled1960

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) Pref. 175 Crist ure drihten gehælde untrume & adlige, & þes deofol..aleuað & geuntrumað þa halan.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 12 Nys halum [L. valentibus] læces nan þearf ac seocum.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 20119 (MED) To hoole & seke dud she bote.

a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 69 Seke and hole sche dide gode.

1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. H.i Aswell to the sycke as to the whole.

1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 13 Diagnosticke whose most common scope is to discerne..the sick and infirme from the whole.

1676 J. Glanvill Ess. vii. 1 We had all things, both for our Whole and Sick, that belonged to Charity and Mercy.

a1729 S. Clarke Sermons (1730) III. viii. 169 Sin is to the Soul, what Disease or Sickness is to the Body: The Whole, and they that are Sick, are here, in our Saviour's phrase, the Righteous and the Sinners.

1806 La Belle Assemblée July 13/1 As well the sick as the whole..may gulp them [sc. truths] down with pleasure.

1870 Preston Guardian 12 Nov. 6/5 We do hereby authorise you..to visit the whole and the sick therein.

1968 A. Pomerans tr. J. Presser Ashes in Wind 1 Dutch Jewry was..cut down with near-scientific precision—town-dwellers and country-folk, believers and free-thinkers, the whole and the sick.

1990 R. F. Capon Health, Money, & Love 105 Jesus was persuaded that it was the lost and not the found, the sick and not the whole,..who are the signs of God's abiding relationship with his creation.

a. With the or the possessive. The full, complete, or total amount; all the constituent parts, elements, or individuals (of something); the entire thing.In early use occasionally pleonastically or emphatically modified by all; cf. sense A. 8a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount

fullOE

suma1382

universitya1382

your university1385

wholea1393

amountment?a1400

wholenessa1425

hale1437

aggregatec1443

rate1472

total1557

the whole ware1563

lump1576

gross1579

totality1598

universarya1604

general1608

population1612

amount1615

totum1656

totea1772

complete1790

factorial1869

collectivity1882

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4451 (MED) If..That for the hole I mihte have half, Me thenketh I were a goddeshalf.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. i. 883 A tre..haþ no moeuynge of itself, noþer al þe hole, nouþer of parties þerof.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2142 Wel may men knowe but it be a fool That euery part. is diryued from his hool.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xiii. 33 Leauen, which a woman tooke and hid in three measures of meale, vntil the whole was leauened.

a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 9 Quhy sould the hoill, for thair desert, That faine wald haue that fact withstand,..beir the blame?

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H4^v They that loose halfe with greater patience beare it, Then they whose whole is swallowed in confusion.

1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. C3 The very first yeares herrings only, may bring in to the Aduenturer or owner all his whole both Stocke and Charges of 934-5-8 aforesaid.

1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Theoret. Arithm. i. 6 A number that measures the whole, and that which is taken away, will also measure the remainder.

1774 N. Salmon Expeditious Accountant iii. 127 The Debtor and Creditor agree upon an equated Time to pay the Whole at once.

1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 185 Thicken with flour, and pour the whole on the deer when roasted.

1888 C. F. Richardson Amer. Lit. 1607–1885 (1894) II. xii. 438 Its separate elements are true, but its whole is misleading.

1911 C. E. Stowe H. B. Stowe viii. 225 The whole was trimmed with a beading of yellow pine.

1964 J. A. Marsh Cone Shells World 124 The Pacific shell has a pinkish tinge over the whole.

2007 New Yorker 24 Sept. 112/3 Each step or stroke is an integral part of the whole.

b. the whole of: the entirety of; all.Less commonly with a plural noun or pronoun in the dependent phrase, and now chiefly when this has collective denotation (e.g. the whole of the Americas) or when referring to the entirety of each item (e.g. they served the whole of their sentences).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun]

everydeala1300

universityc1384

universal?c1400

the whole ofc1450

alpha and omega1526

entire1597

be-alla1616

all1619

totalitya1631

all-hood1722

entirety1856

totalnessc1864

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 201 Ȝif þou..kepyst treccherously in pryuite stolyn thynges or oþere thinges falsly get..þou art bounde to restore þe hole of þat good.

?1545 J. Bale 2nd Pt. Image Both Churches ii. sig. S.v^v Breuelye to conclude the whole of this matter.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xix. f. xcv But the whole of all these mischiefes doeth redounde to hym that is the refuser and caster of.

1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Dial Princes (rev. ed.) i. i. f. 1 By his Epistles and doctrine, the whole of this presente woorke is proued.

1650 Plea for Non-Subscribers 21 In direct contradiction to what the whole of that Estate..had before Voted and Declared to all the world.

1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud Introd. p. vii The whole of both Covenants..are founded upon their different or distinct, substitutive and representative Person or Headship.

1705 J. Gordon Diary 18 May (1949) 144 The whole of what I owed him first & last amounted to 14 lib. 15 sh. 3d.

1791 T. Willis Let. 27 Oct. in G. Washington Papers (2000) Presidential Ser. IX. 125 A 74 Gun Ship..;can fight the whole of her Guns from one or both..Sides of the Ship.

1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 16 Aug. 430 In the whole of my ride, I have not seen much finer fields of wheat.

1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 13 The whole of the gentlemen of the hunt.

1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 388 The whole of the alphabet has been gone through.

1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Oct. (1987) 28 Tell 'em you've got more in your little finger than they have in the whole of their fact-crammed brains.

1957 P. J. Darlington Zoogeogr. ii. 58 The whole of the Ostariophysi may have radiated from the Old World tropics.

1988 L. Ellmann Sweet Desserts 124 He wanted the whole of me.

2004 P. J. Conradi Going Buddhist 103 The wrong-doings of individuals cannot, he argued, affect the whole of Buddhism.

c. my whole: (in a riddle or charade) the complete word which the individual syllables described or represented (called my first, my second, etc.) make up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word

hard word1533

household word1574

magic word1581

grandam words1598

signal word1645

book worda1670

wordie1718

my whole1777

foundling1827–38

keyword1827

Mesopotamia1827

thought-word1844

word-symbol1852

nursery word1853

pivot word1865

rattler1865

object word1876

pillow word1877

nonce-word1884

non-word1893

fossil1901

blessed word1910

bogy-word1919

catch-all1922

pseudo-word1929

false friend1931

plus word1939

descriptor1946

meta-word1952

discourse marker1967

shrub2008

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > guessing game > specific > specific part

my whole1777

1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 Misc. Ess. 200/2 The removal of my Second formerly served to introduce my First. My Whole is the companion of ashes. Sack-cloth.

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 489/1 My first makes use of my second to eat my whole [French chiendent].

1885 Truth 5 Nov. 738/3 My first is in my second; my third can use my whole.

1914 Crisis Oct. 304/1 My whole is the name of a famous man Guess the answer if you can.

2003 M. Jennings Let Loose Dogs xxiv. 163 My first is the opposite of woman, my second is the reverse of the back, my whole is a dog of a town.

3. A thing made up of combined or connected parts; a complex unity or system; a thing complete in itself. Usually with indefinite article.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole

wholec1450

complexa1652

complexum1664

complexion1678

complication1750

synthesis1865

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] > a composite thing or complex whole

aggregatea1425

wholec1450

partage1593

compagesa1638

complexa1652

composite1656

complexum1664

complicate1664

complexion1678

wholenessa1681

compagea1682

complication1750

synthesis1865

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 175 (MED) Of þinges skars and diminute Nature ne took noght hire produccioun, Bot of a hoole, complet and absolute [L. ab integris absolutisque] Fro all defaut and diminucioun.

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Kiij^v The integrale partes, whiche make perfecte the whole, and cause the bignesse therof.

1573 R. Lever Arte of Reason iv. 156 Some are very necessary partes to the well being of an whole, and yet not so necessary but that it may haue a being without them.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ii. 7 The soule and body of the world are knit together by the..æthereal spirits,..Joyning each part of the whole [L. vtramque totius partem] into one subsistence.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xiv. 43 A Whole is that which consists in the Union of any things, or Parts.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 261 All are but parts of one stupendous Whole.

1791 W. Gilpin Remarks Forest Scenery II. 62 It [sc. the view] is what the painter properly calls a whole. There is a fore-ground, a middle-ground and distance—all harmoniously united.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 140 Full of great rooms and small.., All various, each a perfect whole.

1860 J. Brown Horæ Subs. (1861) 2nd Ser. 229 A child begins by seeing bits of everything;..it makes up its wholes out of its own littles.

1932 A. C. McLaughlin Found. Amer. Constitutionalism iii. 80 The critical question was,..whether the Union was a unity, legally speaking, an indivisible whole.

2009 newWitch Winter 28/2 Once the content has been finished, a project developer must weave the pieces into a coherent whole.

†4. Mining. A seam or portion of coal or ore which has not yet been worked, or is in the earliest stages of working. Cf. sense A. 6d. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pillar or area of unworked material

forbar?15..

pillar1591

whole1728

stalch1747

post1793

stenting1812

rib1818

stook1826

man-of-war1835

spurn1837

staple1839

barrier1849

shaft pillar1855

barrier-pillar1881

stoop1881

stump1881

1728 Acct. June (Devonshire Coll., Chatsworth House) in J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms (1998) 169/2 [£1-17-4 paid to] workemen for Cuting wholes in ye Ould Vain.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. G3 If the Wholes be too Soft, that we think it will let the Forks settle when they come to be weighted, we put a Sill under them.

1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. 30 That quantity of wholes which the Miner takes in his compass before him, as he cuts his way.

C. adv.

1. Completely, entirely; fully, all; = wholly adv. Now somewhat rare.In quot. 1481 pleonastically emphasized by all; cf. sense A. 8a and all whole adv.In later use frequently in (implied or explicit) opposition to half, often (like half) hyphenated to the modified word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]

fullyeOE

allesOE

fullOE

rightc1175

everydealc1300

wholec1300

whollya1325

finelyc1330

fairly1340

completec1374

gainlya1375

clearly1377

freelya1393

plaina1393

entire?a1400

entirelyc1400

oddlyc1400

sufficientlyc1440

expressc1475

totally1509

completely1526

finec1530

exactly?1531

sincerely1576

start1599

fillingly1611

circularly1618

solid1651

out-over1745

rotundly1775

roundedly?1802

whole hog1840

clear-away1883

whole cloth1917

righteous1948

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2370 (MED) Hal hundred knithes dede he calle, And hise fif thusand sergaunz alle.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2790 (MED) Al the world in Orient Was hol at his comandement.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 279 Now is Scotland hole at our kynge's wille.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2068 That ye haue me susprised so And hole myn herte taken me fro.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) x. 33 Alle the peple hool fledde to fore hym.

a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 310 I myght als weele kepe Aueryll from Rayne As holde yow trewe and make yowe hoole stedfaste.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xiii. sig. Gij^v I am hole ignorant of this yonge mans lyuynge.

a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 26 Mortounis race To covatice wes hoill Inclynde.

1656 A. Cowley Mistress (new ed.) 75 in Poems The ills thou dost are whole thine own.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 608 War and the chase engross the savage whole.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. v. 93 Laying a half-dirty cloth upon a whole-dirty deal table.

1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. ii. 48 The half-dressed groom would whole-dress the horse.

1908 Vice-regal Comm. Irish Railways: App to 3rd Rep. 41/2 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4054) XLVIII. 5 Do you know that it costs them as much practically to run the truck when it is half full as when it is whole full?

2004 K. A. Renn Mixed Race Students in College Pref. p. xi When you talk about why it's so important to you to have children who are ‘whole’ black or ‘whole’ Jewish, you need to know that I'm not.

†2. Modifying an adverb, forming adverbial phrases (in which whole may sometimes be construed as an adjective), esp. in whole out: throughout; whole together: all together; (occasionally) entirely. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adverb] > together > all together

whole togethera1400

hale and together1466

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > altogether, entirely, or completely

bedenec1175

all outc1300

downrightc1330

downrightsc1330

at alla1375

whole together1551

in all sorts1559

right out1578

clear1600

neck and heels1647

to rights1663

head over ears1774

neck and crop1791

fair and square1870

in total1965

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through

to the boneOE

through and throughc1225

out and outc1300

from top to tail1303

out and inc1390

(from) head to heel (also heels)c1400

(from) head to foot (also feet)c1425

from top to (into, unto) toec1425

to the skin1526

to one's (also the) finger (also fingers') ends1530

from first to last1536

up and down1542

whole out1562

to the pith1587

to the back1594

from A to (also until) Z1612

from clew to earing1627

from top to bottom1666

back and edge1673

all hollow1762

(all) to pieces1788

from A to Za1821

to one's (also the) fingertips1825

to one's fingernails1851

from tip to toe1853

down to the ground1859

to the backbone1864

right the way1867

pur sang1893

from the ground up1895

in and out1895

from soda (card) to hock1902

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13303 Twelue were þei to telle in dole Whenne þei were to gider hole.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 281 (MED) He sette on a softe paas hool to-geder.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras vi. 28 Also, that they shall buylde the house of the Lorde whole vp.

1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. ccxxv At Sterlyng toune, whiche is the kynges burgh And wynne that shire, all whole out through.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Kj Some call it wylde succory: but it is hole together smaller.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 50^v The bark, pill, or shell of the Citron, is dry and hote in the thyrde degre hole out.

1678 A. Marvell Let. 14 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 224 The Commons were yesterday taken up..in hearing the Cause..which not hauing..heard whole out they orderd for to morrow.

1683 R. V. Romish Mass-bk. 94 Either let them receive the Sacrament whole together, or let them abstain from the whole Sacrament altogether.

1793 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench IV. 605 If they consented and agreed to keep the estate whole together.

Phrases

†P1. whole and some: (following a plural or collective noun or a plural pronoun) the whole number or amount, one and all; (as an adverbial phrase) altogether, entirely; in every respect. Cf. all and whole at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 6b, all and some at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 5a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether

by numbera1375

in numbera1375

in allc1380

first and lastc1390

all wholea1393

in companya1393

in sum1399

full and whole1402

in great1421

whole and somec1425

in (the) whole1432

one with another1436

in (the) hale1437

all in great1533

up and down1562

one and other1569

in (the) aggregate1644

all told1814

c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 424 And all þeire power hooll & soom.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 730 (MED) My body and lyf I putte In thi welde, holich..Into thy Bandom, And At thyn Ordenance hol & som.

a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 26 For which the people blisfull hole [a1450 Tanner all] and somme..crydon.

a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fj^v Though I be not learned, yet cha mother witte enough whole & some.

1570 J. Drout Pityfull Hist. Two Louing Italians sig. Ciij^v The towns men with their gladsom wiues Their housholds whole and some.

1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? ii. 16 Those that answere the Church and her Pastors in your Thesis, are the Scribes & Pharises, in your proofe: who whole and some, head and taile, be Doctors and Pastors of the Church with you.

†P2. as whole as a fish (also trout, etc.) and variants: in excellent health or condition. Cf. fish-whole adj., sound as a trout at trout n.¹ 1a, as sound as a roach at roach n.¹ Phrases. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11884 A noble baþ we shul þe make Bi þat þou com þerof oute þou shal be hool as any troute [Vesp. hale sum ani trute].

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvi. l. 153 (MED) His Arm be-Cam As hol Anon As was fisch that bar A bon.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 265 Anon þe lepur fel from hym and he was hole as a fysche.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiii I am forthwith as hole as a troute.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. v. 18 They are both as whole as a fish .

1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions vi. 244 In four and twenty hours he made them as whole as Fishes.

1713 R. Peirce Hist. & Mem. Bath viii. 183 He return'd recover'd,..and continued (as the Proverb says) as whole as a Tench, and as sound as a Trout.

1807 tr. P. Calderón de la Barca Keep your Own Secret ii, in tr. 3 Comedies from Spanish 180 D. Felix. Broken your sword! Why, don't I see it whole by your side? Lazaro. Aye, Sir, as whole as a roach [Sp. entera està].

P3. As noun in prepositional and adverbial phrases.

a. in (the) whole.

(a) Chiefly as in the whole. In total amount; all together, all in all. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether

by numbera1375

in numbera1375

in allc1380

first and lastc1390

all wholea1393

in companya1393

in sum1399

full and whole1402

in great1421

whole and somec1425

in (the) whole1432

one with another1436

in (the) hale1437

all in great1533

up and down1562

one and other1569

in (the) aggregate1644

all told1814

1432 in J. B. Sheppard Let. Bks. Monastery Christ Church Canterbury (1889) 162 (MED) The somme of all the arrears in hool drawyth..to lxx lb. viij d.

1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 108 Mowldes for the feltmakers to mowlde hattes vpon at xvj^d the pece in the hole ij^s viij^d.

1600 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 336 The expence of powder..w^ch charge in the wholle cannott amount vnto lese then..fyfty pownds yerely.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 270 They were..twice our Number in the Whole.

1754 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 48 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Making up in whole..the sum of nine thousand merks.

1815 S. T. Coleridge Let. to Lady Beaumont 3 Apr. Three poems, containing 500 lines in the whole.

1876 T. Parsons Personal & Prop. Rights of Citizen of U.S. i. v. 139 The house of representatives [of Alabama]..must not exceed in the whole one hundred members.

1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 27 §1 Any..sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of one million pounds.

(b) Chiefly (and now only) as in whole. To the full amount; in full; entirely, completely, wholly.Frequently contrasted with in part.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > in full or to fullest extent

to the full1340

at the fulla1375

at one's righta1425

in (the) wholea1475

every (each) whit1526

full due1574

in gross1606

in full habitudea1661

to capacity1958

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 88 (MED) To the which payment and couenaunte..Iohn and Robert bounde them-self and euerych of them in the hole.

1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentaunce sig. Cj^v They..whych..wyll prate our merites or workes to satisfy for our sinnes in part or in whole.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 71 In the whole a notable ruffler, and in euery part a dowty braggard.

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 374 To make himselfe righteous by his own works, either in whole or in part.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 41 To plant it [sc. an army] Nationally, it must be..either Monarchically in part,..or Monarchically in the whole.

1737 E. Smith App. Cure of Deism 4 This..Author neither receiving the Christian Revelation in Whole, nor rejecting it in Whole.

1771 M. Peters Winter Riches i. 12 Feeding, or ploughing, in whole or in part, according as they may be wanted.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. vi. 118 They may have been spurious in the whole, or incorrect in every part.

1855 G. Neil in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers Introd. 8 This Work ought to be printed in whole.

1913 Act 3 & 4 George V c. 20 §123 Any creditors whose claim he has rejected in whole or in part.

1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Dec. 13/3 The two hundred or so bastle houses which survive in whole or in part.

†b. by the whole: = by wholesale at wholesale n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > in large quantities

by (also at, in) wholesale1417

in great1447

by greatc1475

by the whole1592

by the yard1845

in block1870

in bulk1908

like peas1959

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. E4^v If the Currier bought not Leather by the whole of the Tanner, the shoomaker might haue it at a more reasonable price.

1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. i. sig. *L2/2 Vendre en bloc, ou en gros, to sell by the whole, to sell one with another.

c. on (also upon) the whole.

(a) Taking the whole of the facts or circumstances into account; all things considered. Formerly occasionally with †of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > in general terms or not in detail > as a whole

one or other?1544

upon the whole matter1612

on the whole1624

in the (whole) complex1661

in the large1943

1624 J. Reynolds Votivæ Angliæ sig. D^v The Cardes are soe cunninglie shuffled betweene them, that uppon the Whole, Bavaria is but Spaynes Depositor, and the King of Spayne, Bavaria's Patrone and protector.

1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage 126 Upon the whole, Shakespear is by much the gentiler Enemy.

1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. III. 392 Upon the whole of this treaty, it was considered as inglorious to the English.

1780 W. Cowper Rep. Adjudged Case 21 On the whole it appears..that the spectacles plainly were made for the Nose.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lx. 578 Still, upon the whole, he is as well in his native mountains.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 179 [I] determined that the Alps were, on the whole, best seen from below.

1914 Rep. Royal Comm. Landing of Arms Howth 6 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7631) XXIV. 805 Upon the whole our opinion was that the fracas was just of such a kind and dimensions as a small force of police would have quickly settled.

1953 K. M. Briggs Personnel of Fairyland Gloss. 221 The Silky of Black Heddon in Northumberland had one close resemblance to a brownie... But on the whole perhaps she belonged more to the class of ghosts than of brownies.

2011 D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast & Slow (2012) xxxv. 381 How was it, on the whole?

†(b) In short, to sum up; in conclusion; ultimately. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Lett. written in Italy i. 3 in tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. v Upon the whole I have nothing more to do, than to take up the Bulls sub plumbo.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 18 We came up with them, and in a word, took them all in, being..sixty four Men, Women, and Children... Upon the whole, we found it was a French Merchant Ship.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. iii. 246 Upon the whole he was unanimously sentenced to die.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 599/2 On the whole, Olivarez seems to have been always averse to peace.

(c) For the most part; in general; by and large.

ΚΠ

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. vi. 118 She liked him..upon the whole much better than she had expected.

1825 U.S. Lit. Gaz. 15 Nov. 152 This book belongs, on the whole, to the ancien régime of novel-writing and cannot expect to be received with much favour by the present generation.

1878 R. H. Hutton Scott iii. 34 She made on the whole a very good wife.

1884 W. Pye Surg. Handicraft 23 The patterns of a few of these forceps are given here. On the whole, the most satisfactory is the ‘fenestrated’.

1928 Observer 22 Jan. 14/6 The new Measure has not, upon the whole, such a ‘good Press’ as that which the House of Commons rejected in December.

1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 36 The houses are on the whole more modest too, chiefly cottages now resolutely prettified.

2000 Jazz Jrnl. Feb. 51/4 The second set is less successful on the whole, with some numbers going on too long.

d. as a whole: as a complete thing (rather than in separate parts); as a unity; in its entirety, all together. Also (with reference to a plural noun) as wholes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase]

more and lessa1400

by greatc1475

of greatc1503

more and min1578

as a whole1643

1643 A. Steuart Some Observ. & Annot. Apologeticall Narration 29 The whole Militant Church, may be considered (as other things)..either as a Totall, or Totally, as a Whole or wholly.

1691 R. Burthogge Nature Church-govt. iii. 45 The Argument I used loses all its force with you, because..you consider it only in pieces; not as a whole.

1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 2 It [sc. a print] may have an agreeable effect as a whole, and yet be very culpable in its parts.

1797 tr. J. S. Beck Princ. Crit. Philos. ii. ii. 265 He hopes too, that nature, contemplated as a whole and in relation to its substratum, is a moral world-order.

1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 125 No man can pronounce..on the faults of a poem; till he has seen..the beauty of the poem as a Whole.

1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) II. vi. 210 How readily nations, considered as wholes, always yield to the spirit of the time.

1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 697 A close division in the committee might be reversed on appeal to the cabinet as a whole.

2000 Independent on Sunday 23 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 40/3 The attention now drawn to this homophobia means that we miss the crucial importance of hysterophobia in the theory as a whole.

P4. the whole man, the whole person: a person considered in all aspects of his or her existence, as physical, intellectual, spiritual, etc.Now esp. with regard to the education or medical treatment of all aspects of a person; cf. holistic adj.

ΚΠ

1526 W. Tyndale Prol. Epist. Rom. sig. a vii^v Paule calleth flesshe here..the whole man, wyth lyfe, soule, body, wytte, wyll reason, and whatsoever he is both wyth in and with oute.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. x. sig. Qq.iii^v/1 Originall sinne is the vice or deprauation of the whole man.

1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 422 To plow up thy Heart, and Harrow thy whole man.

1678 Young Man's Calling 72 The unhinging of the whole man from things of nobler worth toward God.

a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. i. 5 The Obedience which God requires is impartial and universal, the Obedience of the whole Man.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 3 Our vices, whose deep taint With slow perdition murders the whole man, His body and his soul!

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man!

1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost xiii. 377 Education is the formation of the whole man—intellect..character, mind, and soul.

1960 F. H. Hoffman et al. in Psychosomatics 1 249/2 Throughout the United States, concern with teaching about the whole man—‘holistic’ or comprehensive medicine—is a growing phenomenon in the medical school curriculum.

1991 Chron. Higher Educ. 9 Jan. b69/2 (advt.) Candidates are expected to demonstrate a commitment..to whole person education oriented to the adult student.

2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xviii. 239 The practice of spiritual healing, which uses the power of the spirit to balance and heal the whole person, takes several forms.

P5. colloquial. whole-seas over: completely drunk. Also in shortened form whole-seas. Now rare. [Humorously after half-seas-over adj.] .

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > completely or very drunk

drunk as a (drowned) mousea1350

to-drunka1382

as drunk as the devilc1400

sow-drunk1509

fish-drunk1591

swine-drunk1592

gone1603

far gone1616

reeling drunk1620

soda1625

souseda1625

blind1630

full1631

drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord1652

as full (or tight) as a tick1678

clear1688

drunk (dull, mute) as a fish1700

as drunk as David's sow or as a sow1727

as drunk as a piper1728

blind-drunkc1775

bitch foua1796

blootered1820

whole-seas over1820

three sheets in the wind1821

as drunk as a loon1830

shellaced1881

as drunk as a boiled owl1886

stinking1887

steaming drunk1892

steaming with drink1897

footless1901

legless1903

plastered1912

legless drunk1926

stinko1927

drunk as a pissant1930

kaylied1937

langers1949

stoned1952

smashed1962

shit-faced1963

out of (also off) one's bird1966

trashed1966

faced1968

stoned1968

steaming1973

langered1979

annihilated1980

obliterated1984

wankered1992

muntered1998

1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 267 ‘What the devil do you want, sir?’ cried Mr Moffat furiously, who was by this time nearly whole-seas over.

1821 Joseph the Book-man 85 Some, half-seas, like fools do swagger, While other some, whole-seas, do stagger.

1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 7 May All were now fairly whole seas over, though the sparkling vintage had not begun to flow.

1935 Observer 29 Sept. 17/4 The riotous charm with which Mr. Norman Shelley brings a rolling tar, whole seas over, into port.

P6. chiefly British. whole-of-life.

a. = whole-life adj. (a) at Compounds 1b.

ΚΠ

1853 Rep. Select Comm. Assurance Assoc. 242 in Parl. Papers 1852–3 (H.C. 965) XXI. 1 The annual premium for a whole of life insurance is generally about 2l. when that for one year's insurance is 1l.

1930 W. Penman Advantages of Insurance v. 29 It has become..rather the fashion to deplore the fact that most of the policies issued in this country are on the endowment insurance plan, and that comparatively few policies are written on the whole of life plan.

2000 Investor Nov. 88/2 Everyone and their granny used to contribute..to..a whole-of-life policy to provide sufficient funds for their funeral.

b. = whole-life adj. (b) at Compounds 1b.

ΚΠ

1993 Advertiser (Adelaide) 10 July 2/2 ‘This man has done the ultimate robbery—..he has robbed us of our daughter...’ For committing that ‘robbery’, Garforth was given a rare whole-of-life sentence.

2004 P. Hodgkinson in Death Penalty: Beyond Abolition (Council of Europe) 178 Their lordships did extract a reassurance from the Home Secretary that such whole of life prisoners would continue to be regularly reviewed.

P7. whole or part: full or partial; cf. in whole or in part at Phrases 3a(b).

ΚΠ

1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 292 The evidence for Shakespeare's whole or part authorship.

1922 Foreign Commerce & Navigation (U.S. Bureau of Foreign & Domest. Commerce) p. v A vessel is reported as entered at the first port in the United States where the whole or part cargo is unladen.

1991 Antique Collector Dec. 77/1 In Britain, works of art..can be accepted by the Inland Revenue in whole or part settlement of an inheritance tax liability.

P8. colloquial (originally U.S.). a whole lot: to a great extent or degree; very much. Chiefly modifying a comparative adjective or adverb. Cf. lot n. 18, deal n.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > to a great extent or by far

great quantityc1330

far forthly1362

by farc1380

well awayc1390

by half?a1400

by mucha1450

far (and) away1546

by a great sort1579

to stand head and shoulders abovea1683

(by) a long way1741

by a jugful1831

by all odds1832

by a long, damn, etc., sight1834

out and away1834

(by) a long chalk1835

by chalks1835

by long chalks1835

by a street1886

a whole lot1886

1886 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 25 Oct. Fulton can swallow Stewart or any other Republican a whole lot easier than a Democrat.

1898 Argosy July 587 That will be a whole lot more simple than getting past the trocha afterwards.

1923 Liberty (Indiana) Herald 15 Nov. If people will keep in mind those lessons we can have this kind of a record a whole lot oftener.

1969 S. Coulter Embassy xi. 120 I like to figure you're my regular screw, see. A whole lot more exciting.

1988 Star (Tarrytown, N.Y.) 12 Apr. 39/1 She doesn't work a whole lot.

2007 C. Stross Halting State (2008) 52 The sea-cat ferry from Rotterdam to Edinburgh is a whole lot cheaper.

P9. Education and Psychology. whole-or-none: designating a method of marking tests in which a candidate must get every part or answer right in order to be awarded a particular mark or score. Now historical and rare.Chiefly in Educational Psychology, with reference to the Binet–Simon method of establishing mental age, or its subsequent revisions.

ΚΠ

1922 Elem. School Jrnl. 23 235 Partial credit may be given for the single tests as contrasted with the whole-or-none method of the Stanford Revision.

1927 P. B. Ballard New Examiner 183 In the whole-or-none method of marking there is nothing wrong.

2008 C. L. Kundu & D. N. Tutoo Educ. Psychol. (ed. 5) xv. 327 Instead of pursuing the whole-or-none method, it follows the part-method of awarding points to the testees for passing a part of the tests.

P10. the whole caboodle: see caboodle n. the whole kit and boiling, caboodle, etc.: see kit n.¹ 3. the whole nine yards: see nine adj. 3e. the whole shoot: see shoot n.¹ 8.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.

(a) Forming compounds used attributively with the sense ‘consisting of, made with, relating to, comprising, or occupying the or a whole —’, as whole-arm, whole-body, whole-day, whole-fruit, whole-house, etc.; (in sense A. 9) whole-leather, whole-worsted, etc. rare before 19th cent.

ΚΠ

1410 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1410 §48. m. 7 Les quelles sount appellez an holworstedbed.

1607 ‘W. S.’ Puritaine i. 4 My fathers layde in dust his Coffin and he is like a whole-meate-pye, and the wormes will cut him vp shortlie.

1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 30 The haunting memory of those whole-day-leaves.

1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life xvi. 246 A grand, whole-arm movement.

1888 Wyman's Commerc. Encycl. 224 There is no more nutritious or palatable preserve in the world than a carefully-prepared whole-fruit jam.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 6/3 A whole-leather boot could not be honestly purchased under 7s. 11d.

1947 Radiology 49 283/1 To determine whether a daily dose of whole-body irradiation when given over a period of several hours produced the same injury as when given within minutes.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 8 (advt.) Your Trane Comfort Corps consultant is a full-time specialist in whole-house air conditioning.

1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. R13/1 There is..a vital need in primary schools to plan on a whole-school approach to achieve balanced and effective integration.

2002 Inquirer Mag. 5 May 25/1 Hover's version of a rarely imported Malaysian mackerel that he calls devil fish is one of the best whole-fish dishes around.

(b) Forming parasynthetic adjectives.

ΚΠ

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxv^v If thou bye ky or oxen to fede..loke well..that he..be hole mouthed and want no teth.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xii. f. 111^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Flies..whether they be cut wasted, or whole bodyed..are voyde of poyson.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ail masle, the Whole-headed Garlicke.

a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) i. 2 He is whole skin'd, has no hurt yet.

1683 London Gaz. No. 1910/4 A new whole skirted Black Saddle having the Seat of Velvet and the Skirts of Hogs skin.

1767 Compl. Grazier xl. 215 When they [sc. rabbits] are full grown, they are said to be whole skinned (i.e. their fur is full grown).

1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 209 The first genus, which he calls ‘wholemouthed’..is my genus of ‘turbo’ among the..snails.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 660 If the carts are whole-bodied, the steward proceeds after the back-board is removed, to hawk out the dung; but if they are tilt or coup-carts [etc.].

1882 Cent. Mag. June 244/1 Tim Byrne..spoken to—he, the one whole-coated farmer of the place.

1904 A. C. Bradley Shakespearean Trag. 313 A quick-witted though not whole-witted lad.

1967 Brain 90 610 The hand jerks in..and sweeps the food with a whole-handed pickup.

2001 J. van Maurik Writers on Leadership 35 Adair, by using case studies supported by historical examples and analogies from the arts, could be argued to have produced a ‘whole-brained’ definition.

whole-brain adj. of or relating to the entire brain.

ΚΠ

1939 Physiol. Rev. 19 149 (heading) O₂ uptake in μl..by 0.5 gram minced whole brain tissue.

1961 Lancet 21 Oct. 907/1 Whole-brain irradiation was used..to ensure that all the tumour was included in the volume irradiated.

1981 A. Zuboff in D. Hofstadter & D. Dennett Mind's I xii. 205 All those impulses which cross from one hemisphere to another during a whole-brain experience just can't make it across the gap that has been opened between them.

2012 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 23 Nov. 26 The method draws on the creative side of children's brains as well as exercising the logical side, bringing about what Mr Hancock calls ‘whole-brain thinking’.

whole-cannon n. now historical [after demi-cannon n.; compare also later half adj. 8] a cannon of the largest bore, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 42 pounds (approx. 19 kg) or more; cf. demi-cannon n. a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces

serpentinec1450

culverin1515

headstick1516

slang1521

sling1547

basilisk1549

basilc1565

Roaring Meg1575

serpitanta1578

whole culverin1577

cannon1587

whole-cannon1589

cannon pedro1625

royal mortar1761

Long Tom1812

serpent1830

twelve-incher1909

Big Bertha1914

big boy1917

Lizzie1925

1589 Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. 52 Verie much great ordinance, as whole Cannon, Dimi-Cannon, Culuerins and such like.

1723 E. Stone in tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments v. 147 Ordnance..an Eight-Pounder, a Demi-culverin, a Twelve-Pounder, a Whole-Culverin, a Twenty-four-Pounder, a Demi-Cannon, Bastard-Cannon, and a Whole-Cannon.

2010 A. May tr. O. van Nimwegen Dutch Army & Mil. Revol., 1588–1688 iii. 142 The States-General ordered the making of the casts for six whole-cannon, twelve demi-cannon and six 12-pounders.

whole-cell adj. of or by whole cells; consisting of or involving whole cells.

ΚΠ

1961 A. E. Mirsky & S. Osawa in J. Brachet & A. E. Mirsky Cell II. x. 749 A number of tests indicate that the thymus nuclear fractions are free of appreciable cytoplasmic or whole-cell contamination.

1993 L. Margulis et al. Illustr. Gloss. Protoctista p. xix/2 Often the fusion events are followed by programmed death, i.e., pycnosis..leading to nuclear or whole-cell disintegration.

2014 Contra Costa Times (California) (Nexis) 8 Aug. Acellular pertussis vaccines..cause fewer reactions than the whole-cell vaccines that preceded them.

† whole-chase boot n. Obsolete a large riding boot.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > for specific purpose > for riding > types of

whole-chase boot1656

jemmy1753

bota1828

troop-boot1885

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Whole-chase Boots, are whole hunting, or large riding Boots.

1769 E. Buys New & Compl. Dict. Terms Art II Whole Chase Boots, Winter Riding Boots, Hunting Boots, Laarzen, Stevels.

† whole-chested adj. Obsolete having a healthy chest; (figurative) bold, loyal (cf. chest n.¹ 9b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy > of specific parts

unfootsore?a1500

whole-chested1576

well-blooded1615

regular1694

clean1733

peptic1827

eupeptic1831

competent1881

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective]

holdc893

trueOE

leala1300

truefula1350

faithfula1375

true-hearted1465

liege1478

well-wishing1548

allegiant1556

vowed1560

lewtifull1563

whole-chested1576

devotious1583

devote1597

loyal-hearted1599

devoted1600

resolved1600

real1639

fidelious1650

liegeful1872

1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi vi. f. 29 Thou art whole chested in the brest like an owle.

1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Ded. 37 We are whole-chested, and our Breastes doe hold A single Hart, that is as good, as great.

a1640 P. Massinger Guardian iv. i. 64 in 3 New Playes (1655) A well timbred youth..he's whole chested too.

whole-colour adj. = whole-coloured adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome

claurie1486

self1562

whole-coloured1605

concolour1646

unicolorate1657

unicolorous1657

self-coloured1682

single-coloured1703

unicolor1781

monocoloured1798

monochromic1803

unicoloured1811

concolorous1840

monochrome1849

one-coloured1854

monochromous1857

monochroous1857

monotoned1857

unicolour1860

solid1883

sole-coloured1885

monochroic1886

whole1892

whole-colour1896

single-colour1935

monocolour1955

mono1970

monotonal1973

1896 Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 1/2 The collection includes a series of whole-colour porcelain and soft paste blue and white.

1943 Times of India 27 Nov. 7/5 Whole colour coatings..have advanced to Rs. 2-8 to Rs. 2-8½ a lb.

2010 A. Gough & A. Thomas Breed Predispositions to Dis. in Dogs & Cats (ed. 2) 53/1 All coat colours affected, but more common in lines originating from whole colour ancestors.

whole-coloured adj. of the same colour all over; cf. whole-colour adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome

claurie1486

self1562

whole-coloured1605

concolour1646

unicolorate1657

unicolorous1657

self-coloured1682

single-coloured1703

unicolor1781

monocoloured1798

monochromic1803

unicoloured1811

concolorous1840

monochrome1849

one-coloured1854

monochromous1857

monochroous1857

monotoned1857

unicolour1860

solid1883

sole-coloured1885

monochroic1886

whole1892

whole-colour1896

single-colour1935

monocolour1955

mono1970

monotonal1973

1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 318 Iacob..set the particoloured sheepe before, and Labans whole coloured sheepe behinde.

1793 Monthly Rev. Sept. 19 If a bard appeared in his whole-coloured robe, even between armies in the heat of action, both parties would instantly desist.

1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 42 Scales whole-coloured or indistinctly two-coloured.

1907 R. Leighton's New Bk. Dog 429 The litter will consist of some whole-coloured blacks, and some whole-coloured whites.

2012 W. Linnenkohl & D. C. Knottenbelt in K. Coumbe Equine Vet. Nursing (ed. 2) i. 20/2 Some authorities require that chestnuts (horny deposits on insides of limbs) are marked on the forms for whole coloured or grey animals.

wholecrop n. a crop in which the stem, leaves, and grain are harvested together, typically for use as animal feed; frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops

fleece1513

white crop1743

green crop1744

root crop1772

row crop1776

robber1777

mix-grass1778

breaking-crop1808

industrial crop1818

foliage crop1831

kharifa1836

scourge-crop1842

overcrop1858

by-crop1880

coppice-with-standards1882

sewage grass1888

trap-crop1899

cleaning crop1900

nurse crop1907

cover crop1909

smother crop1920

stoop crop1928

snatch crop1937

break crop1967

wholecrop1968

1968 Agriculture Apr. 157 The modern drier can dry almost any kind of greencrop, including such ‘unlikely’ crops as wholecrop beans and forage maize.

2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 38/2 Advice..that the area was not suited to maize and that he should grow whole-crop.

2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 8/2 I feed a lot of wholecrop in the late summer and early autumn.

2013 Wilts. Gaz. & Herald (Nexis) 28 Dec. This barley was made into wholecrop silage as it was so infested with blackgrass.

whole culverin n. now historical [after demi-culverin n., first attested in the same source; compare also half adj. 8] a large culverin, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 18 pounds (approx. 8 kg); cf. demi-culverin n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces

serpentinec1450

culverin1515

headstick1516

slang1521

sling1547

basilisk1549

basilc1565

Roaring Meg1575

serpitanta1578

whole culverin1577

cannon1587

whole-cannon1589

cannon pedro1625

royal mortar1761

Long Tom1812

serpent1830

twelve-incher1909

Big Bertha1914

big boy1917

Lizzie1925

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1868/2 Fourteene whole Culuerins.

1822 W. James Naval Hist. Great Brit. I. 18 The whole culverin and demi-culverin became subsequently the 18, and the 9 pounder.

2007 J. Kinard Artillery ii. 53 The two basic sizes were the demiculverin, firing an 8-pound ball, and the full-sized or whole culverin, firing an 18-pound projectile.

whole-eared adj. now rare (a) having the ears whole or uncut; (b) listening intently, ‘with all one's ears’ (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury > specific

unhewna1400

unstangeda1400

uncutc1426

unbirsed1435

unpricked1561

unpoisoned1579

unvenued1581

unwrung1604

unbruiseda1616

unstung1615

unbraineda1627

pierce-free1629

whole-eared1681

unscalped1726

bite-free1730

unembowelleda1731

unbleeding1812

unlamed1839

undrugged1868

undislocated1876

unjabbed1891

unshot1897

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [adjective] > listening > listening intently

whole-eared1681

wide-eared1866

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > listening attentively

listeninga1275

attending1599

whole-eared1681

on or upon the listen1788

wide-eared1866

ear-bending1912

1681 London Gaz. No. 1633/4 A large light Brindle Mastiff Dog,..whole-Ear'd.

1781 T. R. Nash Coll. Hist. Worcestershire I. p. lxxiv If there be any swine then found whole eared..they shall be forfeited, and the lord shall have two parts, and the chief forester the third part.

1826 N. T. Carrington Dartmoor Pref. p. xxxiii All whole eared cattle, found at any time in the forest, are also forfeited.

1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder.

1962 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 19 Oct. 7/2 He said grinding the whole-eared corn for silo was new for them this year.

whole-earther n. (also with capital initials) colloquial a person who is actively concerned about the protection or preservation of natural resources and wildlife; an environmentalist. [ < Whole Earth in Whole Earth Catalog (name of a magazine and product catalogue published periodically in the United States from 1968) + -er suffix¹. In quot. 1970 quoting an article in the periodical (January 1970, 23/1).]

ΚΠ

1970 Area 2 9 ‘They lead..right into the dead end meat grinder,’ as a Whole-Earther bluntly put it.

1975 Times 5 Aug. 12/7 The ‘amenity lobby’..includes a new wave of ‘whole earthers’: notably the Conservation Society founded in 1966..and Friends of the Earth.

2010 Star Phoenix (Saskatoon, Sask.) (Nexis) 19 Jan. a3 Environmentally safe when used responsibly—whole-earthers use it [sc. lye] in their..homemade soaps.

whole enchilada n. slang (chiefly North American) (with the) a thing in its entirety; the whole situation; everything, ‘the works’.

ΚΠ

1951 Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) 22 Oct. 4/4 Who started the expression, ‘the whole enchilada’?

1960 Los Angeles Times 6 Mar. d8 Indeed it is, complete with swimming, hiking, tennis—the whole enchilada.

1993 Network June 42/2 Groove is key, but it's not the whole enchilada.

2003 Time Out N.Y. 14 Aug. 90/1 It was originally released in the U.S. with one story missing; here's your chance to see the whole enchilada.

whole-eyed adj. having the eyes wide open; staring intently; (of a look) intent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > staring or gazing

gloringa1400

staring1483

glowering?a1513

gazing1553

gauring1558

gawish1567

gazeful1595

gawking1817

gazy1883

whole-eyed1911

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > observing closely

narrow-eyed1600

examining1649

sharp-eyed1672

wide-eyed1789

whole-eyed1911

1911 ‘M. Field’ Dian i. iv, in Trag. Pardon 170 Such talisman As in a little lake kept Charlemagne gazing Whole-eyed before it while the day went on.

1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder.

a2001 J. Still From Mountain, from Valley (2005) 86 Death hovering over pin-feathered squab With whole-eyed glance upon an infertile egg.

whole-feather n. now rare a variety of pigeon distinguished by having all its feathers the same colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types

porcelainc1530

turn-pate1611

light horseman1661

runt1661

smiter1668

helmet1676

mammet1678

Cortbeck1688

turbit1688

turner1688

dragoon1725

finicking1725

Leghorn1725

nun1725

owl1725

petit1725

trumpeter1725

horseman1735

Mahomet1735

barbel1736

turn-tail1736

frill-back1765

blue rock1825

beard1826

ice pigeon1829

toy1831

black1839

skinnum1839

splash1851

whole-feather1851

spangle1854

swallow1854

shield1855

stork pigeon1855

Swabian1855

yellow1855

archangel1867

dragon1867

starling1867

magpie1868

smerle1869

bluette1870

cumulet1876

oriental1876

spot fairy1876

turbiteen1876

blondinette1879

hyacinth1879

Modena pigeon1879

silver-dun1879

silverette1879

silver-mealy1879

swift pigeon1879

Victoria1879

visor1879

ice1881

swallow pigeon1881

velvet fairy1881

priesta1889

frill1890

1851 J. M. Eaton Treat. Almond Tumbler 11 The amazing power of the Almond Tumbler to throw all shades of colour—whole feather, agate, splash, broken, or spangle, is one of the chief causes.

1879 L. Wright Pract. Pigeon Keeper 118 A Splash..may often be mated to advantage with a Whole-feather.

1916 Jrnl. Brit. Dairy Farmers' Assoc. 30 175 The adult whole feather or whole-feathered Agate, as well as the 1915 class in the same colours, were exceedingly fine.

whole-feathered adj. (of a pigeon or other bird) having all its feathers the same colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular or same colour feathers

white-feathered1583

whole-feathered1683

sultry1783

1683 London Gaz. No. 1799/4 A large black Mayled, whole Feathered, and thorough mewed Falcon.

1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons vi. 195 I have referred to whole-feathered fantails, such as white, black, blue, silver, red, and yellow.

1973 Amer. Pigeon Jrnl. 536/1 There is also the Whole-feathered Agate; which shows no white on the surface of its plumage.

whole-genome adj. of or relating to the entire genome of an organism, or the majority of it.

ΚΠ

1979 Jrnl. Math. Biol. 7 220 This report describes a novel method of nucleotide sequence analysis, which is particularly suited for whole genome analysis.

2006 Science 24 Mar. 1768/3 (caption) Whole-genome alignment showing the positions of orthologous genes.

2012 Time 24 Dec. 44/2 The cost for an individual's whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is $7,500 and falling fast.

whole holiday n. now chiefly historical [after half-holiday n.] a full (working) day observed or given as a holiday; cf. half-holiday n. 2.holiday, without qualification, is now the usual term.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > day or night

holidaya1400

play-day1558

playing day1575

non Le1636

whole holiday1753

rest day1800

Sunday out1837

day off1853

evening out1870

stop-day1879

night off1885

night out1890

off1926

1753 E. Moore World 31 May 131 A whole holiday is granted to the school in consideration of the merit of the copy of verses which is adjudged the best.

1834 Factories Inq. Comm.: Suppl. Rep. Employm. Children in Factories ii. C.1. 291 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 167) XX. 1 They have six whole holidays and four half holidays in the year, besides Sundays.

1917 E. Ferber Fanny Herself xviii. 304 She had given the maid a whole holiday.

2001 D. Bray Hong Kong Metamorph. ii. 20 The school had a custom of having two whole holidays about a month after the beginning of term and a month before the end.

whole-hoofed adj. (also whole-hooved) now historical having undivided (uncloven) hooves; cf. whole-footed adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) > [adjective] > having undivided hoofs

whole-hoofed1553

whole-footed1607

firm-hoofed1646

solidungulous1650

soliped1656

solipedous1686

solidipedous1712

solidungular1819

solidungulate1839

solid-hoofed1842

solipedal1882

solid-hooved1910

1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 16/2 Whole hooued, solipes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlvi. 351 In some parts of Sclavonia, the Swine are not cloven-footed, but whole houfed [L. solidas habent ungulas].

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 187 The Quadrupeda, whereof some are μονώνυχα, whole-hooft, such as Asses, Mules, Horses.

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. 198 A Family..to which he has given the ancient appellation of Soliped or whole hoofed.

2011 E. H. Jarow in S. J. Rosen Food Soul i. 4 Manu..gives a long list of animals that cannot be eaten (carnivorous birds, whole-hoofed animals, parrots, and fish, to name a few).

whole language n. Education an approach to teaching children basic language skills which emphasizes contextual language use, rather than traditional instruction in phonics, grammar, spelling, etc.

ΚΠ

1973 Reading Res. Q. 8 489 Youngsters have built their perceptual categories from whole language and not by learning each phoneme in isolation or in syllables.]

1977 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 15 Feb. Ms. Renault's address was titled ‘A Whole Language Approach to a Basal Reading Lesson’.

1985 Lang. Arts Nov. 717 Whole language..goes beyond the simple delineation of a series of teaching strategies to describe a shift in the way in which teachers think about and practice their art.

2004 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 29 Dec. a18 Theories such as ‘whole language’ (children need only understand concepts, not spelling or grammar)..have failed to deliver.

whole-leaved adj. [compare post-classical Latin integrifolius (1588 or earlier)] having leaves that are simple or entire.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. viii. 326 The single, or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.]

1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 503 Whole-leaved Water hemp Agrimony.

1906 M. V. Slingerland Bronze Birch Borer 73 A cut-leaved birch was killed before a tree of the whole-leaved form only a rod or two distant showed any signs of being infested.

1912 H. H. Thomas Garden at Home xxvi. 185 A scattering of lime and soot, or a little Vaporite or Kilogrub dug into the soil, usually suffices to ensure a whole-leaved plant, especially if a search [for slugs] is occasionally made with a lantern.

2005 W. B. Logan Oak 280 There are small-, whole-leaved deciduous oaks, and huge-, lobed-leaved evergreen oaks.

whole-life adj. (a) Insurance designating life insurance which pays a specified amount only on the death of the person insured, and for which the premiums are usually payable each year until such time; of or relating to such insurance; (b) British designating a judicial sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole; relating to or subject to such a sentence.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [adjective] > insurance policy types

tontine1790

whole-life1832

term1834

floating1839

all risks1885

third party1901

non-profit1905

knock for knock1906

stamped1913

warehouse to warehouse1922

without-profit(s)1924

with-profit(s)1924

loaded1928

unit-linked1966

no-fault1967

new-for-old1984

critical illness1986

1832 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 4 Dec. 1/1 The rates of premium for a Whole Life Policy being too high to admit of their securing a sufficiently large amount in case of death.

1895 Sat. Rev. 26 Oct. 546/1 The compound bonus..seems low by comparison with the liberal treatment accorded to whole-life insurers.

1920 E. B. Fackler Notes Life Insurance xii. 90 A man entering at the age of 25 will be given $76 of whole life insurance for 5 cents a week.

1978 Ebony Oct. 109/1 Term premiums keep going up with age and will at some point become higher than the whole life premium.

1994 Independent (Nexis) 3 Apr. 11 Despite the failure of the Home Secretary, Michael Howard, to win Cabinet backing for ‘whole life’ sentences last week, he has written to John Major with a list of 20 murderers he has decided must stay in jail until the end of their natural lives.

2013 D. Kennedy Five Days 95 I sold him a whole life policy last year, which pays out five percent above the deductible.

2013 A. Baker Life Imprisonm. iii. 32 A number of whole life prisoners have been trying to challenge their tariff in the European Court of Human Rights.

whole-minded adj. (a) of sound mind, sane, rational; (b) giving one's whole mind to something, completely interested or involved.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [noun] > condition of

whole-mindedness1528

intentiveness1561

intentness1642

undistractedness1660

fascination1768

concentrativeness1823

preoccupancy1830

absorbedness1833

concentratedness1835

engrossment1838

raptness1856

fixedness1863

absorbancy1909

1528 T. Wyatt tr. Plutarch Quyete of Mynde sig. a.iv Onely of them that are hole mynded [L. mentis compotes], that long afore prepared, they may be long moost profytable.

1657 G. Hutcheson Expos. John (xiv. 1) 279/2 Christs dearest disciples and true followers..were troubled perplexed and confounded. So that whole minded men have need to look about them.

1817 E. O'Reilly Irish-Eng. Dict. Uileinntineach, whole-minded, unreserved.

1842 F. Byrdsall Hist. Loco-foco iv. 64 The reading of the foregoing letter..was warmly received, because there was a whole-minded frankness in it.

1920 A. C. Buckley Basis of Psychiatry ii. x. 413 The whole-minded ‘aged’ persons who seem to furnish the exceptions are in reality regarded as examples of normal senility.

2007 M. Deutscher Judgm. after Arendt ii. v. 65 Being divided against itself, the self cannot be whole-hearted or whole-minded in what it pronounces.

whole-mindedness n. (a) complete interest or involvement; (b) mental health; balance of mind.

ΚΠ

1813 J. J. Gurney Jrnl. 31 Oct. in Mem. (1902) vi. 105 Now is the time for whole mindedness and industry.

1884 H. Varley Terse Talk on Timely Topics 69 A temporary residence in an asylum might be useful as affording a season for reflection and return to wholemindedness.

1906 Lit. World 15 Nov. 504/2 Whilst admitting..the great spirit and immense intellectuality of the woman, he cannot but feel..a lack of sincerity, of whole-mindedness.

1968 D. Krook in P. King & B. C. Parekh Politics & Experience xi. 327 The kibbutz people enjoy it with a peculiar intensity, whole-heartedness and whole-mindedness of enjoyment.

2002 M. Robinson Peace between Sheets viii. 138 Another source, A Course in Miracles, also declares that relationships are God's plan for restoring us to whole-mindedness.

whole moulding n. Shipbuilding a method of ship design in which the shape of the frame at the midship section of the hull is determined first, with those of the frames at other sections being derived from this via incremental modifications.Although the number of different forms of hull which can be produced in this way is limited, whole moulding continues to be used as a traditional method for building small vessels.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > methods of construction or working

housing in1627

whole moulding1711

anchor stock fashion1780

bracket system1874

shadow-building1891

1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 80 This Fashion is call'd Whole Moulding.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 159 By whole-moulding, no more is narrowed at the floor than at the main breadth.

2005 F. V. de Castro Pepper Wreck iii. 35 All whole-molding methods share one feature: the shape of a number of frames is predesigned.

whole note n. Music †(a) [compare Latin and French parallels cited at whole tone n.] = whole tone n.; cf. half note n. 1a (obsolete); (b) [compare French note entiere (1681 or earlier)] a semibreve, as the longest note in ordinary use (now U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone

whole note1574

second1597

tone1609

whole tone1636

note1762

deuce1829

1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 6 A marke, betokenyng a whole note vpon euery stryng opon.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v A whole note is that which the Latines call integer tonus, and is that distance which is betwixt any two notes, except mi & fa.

1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 250 The Difference of [a Fourth and Fifth] they agreed to call a Tone; which we now call a Whole note.

1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 75 There has been a contrivance in this organ for transposing half a note, a whole note, or a flat third, higher.

1834 L. Mason Man. Boston Acad. Mus. 46 If eight notes are sung to one beat, thirty-two will occur to one whole note. These are called thirty seconds, [demisemiquavers].

1860 W. Woodman Singing at Sight made Easy x. 332 A Major Seventh, containing five whole notes and a semitone, or eleven semitones.

1973 T. Karp Dict. Music 266/1 Around 1250 a diamond-shaped note was used for a third, still smaller value, called a semibreve (the equivalent of a modern whole note).

2012 J. Magee Irving Berlin's Amer. Musical Theatre iv. 126 The refrain opens, too, with a clear case of ‘eye music’—in the score, the melody's whole notes look like pearls.

whole number rule n. Physics the empirical rule that the atomic weights of isotopes are close to being whole numbers; cf. Prout's hypothesis n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > theory or law of

anomœomery1678

atomic theory1755

Dulong and Petit's law1863

Rutherford's formula1906

whole number rule1920

Bohr('s) theory1923

string theory1975

superstring theory1975

1919 F. W. Aston in Nature 18 Dec. 393/2 Of more than forty different values of atomic and molecular mass so far measured all, without a single exception, fall on whole numbers.]

1920 Nature 15 July 619/2 This exception from the whole number rule is not unexpected.

1950 Studies 39 9 There is, however, a small residual difference from the ‘whole-number rule’.

2010 M. Wolfsberg et al. Isotope Effects i. 21 (caption) From the results he was able to formulate the Whole Number Rule.

whole plate n. Photography (now chiefly historical) a photographic plate having standard dimensions of 8¹/ ₂ inches by 6 ¹/ ₂ (approx. 21.6 cm by 16.5); cf. plate n. 21.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > plate > types of

screen plate1843

whole plate1850

quarter-plate1854

wet plate1859

stripping-film1885

gelatin dry plate1890

panchromatic1906

1850 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 28 Dec. 2/5 Mr. North has just received a whole plate German Camera..which is the only one in this city.

1917 Camera June 319/1 For enlarging from the whole-plates I arranged a support for a camera inside a small window in the dark-room.

2004 Digital Photographer No. 24. 27/3 Other cameras in his kit bag include a Gandolfi whole plate camera..and a 6 x 12 Horseman.

whole pull n. Campanology [after half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2, first attested in the same source] a handstroke followed by a backstroke (or vice versa); cf. half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2.Formerly in plural with singular agreement.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific

set peal16..

grandsire1668

whole pull1668

bob1671

peal1671

course1677

set changes1677

single1684

single change1688

Plain Bob1702

Stedman1731

Superlative Surprise1788

touch1788

triple1798

triple bob major1809

maximus1813

royal1813

call changes1837

slam1854

cater1872

cinques1872

triple change1872

plain hunt1874

plain hunting1874

quarter peal1888

method1901

short course1904

1668 Tintinnalogia 54 Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke,..so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time.

1788 W. Jones et al. Clavis Campanalogia iii. 20 Every time half hunt lays down her whole pull behind, call a bob, and this method with three bobs completes the peal.

1872 H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Church in Church Bells Devon iii. 228 A ‘whole pull’ includes swinging the bell round twice, off from the balance, and round up to the balance again... In whole-pull ringing each bell makes a whole pull to every change.

1999 Independent on Sunday 26 Dec. 18 Two whole pulls and we'll stand on the hand-stroke.

whole roasted adj. (of meat, nuts, etc.) roasted complete rather than cut up into pieces prior to roasting.

ΚΠ

1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 48 They will consecrate vnto thee a wild whole roasted Buffle, and therewith sing an excellent hymne.

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 148. ⁋1 A whole roasted Ox, (which was certainly the best Way to preserve the Gravy).

1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xxviii. 117 The third side-course..was goodliest of all:—whole-roasted elephants, rhinoceroses, and hippopotamuses, stuffed with boiled ostriches, condors, cassowaries, turkeys.

1949 Washington Post 21 Jan. c16/3 Peanut butter sandwiches..garnished with halves of whole roasted peanuts.

2010 M. R. Poole et al. Frommer's San Francisco 2011 vi. 134 You'll find better known traditional items such as braised beef short ribs, whole-roasted rabbit and a variety of well-prepared seafood.

whole-rock adj. Geology relating to or involving the use of a complete rock sample in a procedure, rather than one or more of its constituent minerals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [adjective] > rock sample

mesoscopic1957

whole-rock1960

1960 K. I. Mayne in A. A. Smales & L. R. Wager Methods Geochem. vi. 163 Whole rock analysis still remains to be an established technique of sufficient precision for many geological problems.

1979 A. W. Hofmann in E. Jäger & J. C. Hunziker Lect. Isotope Geol. 215 The evidence for a Caledonian age of the pre-Hercynian gneisses rests in part on two whole-rock Rb-Sr isochrons.

2008 E. W. Sawyer Atlas Migmatites 34/1 Whole-rock composition is commonly used to classify rocks.

whole-sail adj. designating a wind in which a ship (esp. a yacht) can safely carry full sail (full sail n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > allowing specific sails to be carried

topsail cole1390

loom1600

reef-topsail1693

topgallant1697

whole-sail1824

1824 J. F. Cooper Pilot III. i. 8 I gave the frigate my topsails, in beating out of the Chesapeake..I could always do it, in smooth water, with a whole-sail-breeze.

1885 Sat. Rev. 3 Jan. 11/1 The heeling occurs only in strong whole-sail winds.

1997 D. R. Mac Gregor Schooner (2001) 120 The Illustrated London News had some splendid engravings..of the races with the vessels often at close quarters in whole-sail breezes.

whole shift n. Music (now historical and rare) a movement of the fingers down the fingerboard of a stringed instrument (esp. a violin), so that the index finger is in the position of the third finger in the ordinary (or first) position (see shift n. 15a); now usually called third position; cf. half-shift n. at half adj. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

c1765 tr. C. Tessarini Accurate Method to attain Art of playing Violin ii. 8 Scale for the Violin upon the half and whole Shifts.

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII. at Shift The first, or whole shift, is placing the first finger where the third was.

1906 Musical Times 47 666/2 After this, advance the hand on the finger-board to the whole-shift.

1972 S. M. Nelson Violin & Viola v. 106 Both he [sc. Geminiani] and Mozart advocate the use of second position (called the half-shift; third position was the whole shift).

whole silk n. [after post-classical Latin holoserica garment made entirely of silk (5th cent.), use as noun of feminine of holosericus made entirely of silk (4th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek ὁλοσηρικός of silk < ancient Greek ὅλος whole (see holo- comb. form) + Hellenistic Greek σηρικός of silk (see Seric adj.)] fabric consisting entirely of silk; a type or piece of this; cf. half-silk n. at half adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > whole silk

whole silk1662

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxii. 246 The tongue is cloathed with a fimbrious or seamy coat like unto whole silk [L. Holoserici].

1735 London Daily Post 17 Dec. One of the instances of the Luxury and Profuseness of Heliogabalus [was] that his Cloaths were made of whole Silk.

1840 Athenæum 30 May 427/1 About the beginning of the last century silk began to be mixed with woollen,..and some pieces of whole silk were occasionally wrought.

1901 W. Ashburner Rhodian Sea-law p. cclxii C. 40..fixes the proportions which they are to pay: one-tenth of gold, one-fifth of silver, and one-tenth of whole silks or pearls.

2010 X. Liu Silk Road in World Hist. v. 99 In Baghdad, the caliph's tiraz factories made tiraz-inscribed robes of honor from whole silk.

whole-souled adj. originally U.S. = wholehearted adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [adjective]

needfulOE

anguishous?c1225

eager?a1300

throc1330

fierce1377

desirousc1386

affectuousa1400

yeverousa1400

inwardc1402

earnestful?1406

rathe?c1450

zealing1459

increc1480

affectual1483

zealous1526

affectioneda1533

jealous1535

heartyc1540

affectivec1550

earnest1563

pricking1575

forward1587

affectionate1598

passiveless1602

zealful1602

full-hearteda1616

wholehearted1644

intense1645

high1649

covetous1652

thorough-hearted1656

keen as mustard1659

fell1667

fervent1673

smirk1674

zealed1679

prest1697

strenuous1713

enthusiastic1741

enthusiastical1755

whole-souled1821

con amore1828

lyrical1875

mustard1919

gung ho1942

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [adjective] > absorbed, engrossed

absolute1483

rapta1500

wrapped1548

full1578

bewrapped1589

immerse1626

wholehearted1644

undistracted1659

absorpt1697

wrapped (up) in1711

deep1735

absorbed1763

undiverted1798

unindifferent1813

whole-souled1821

absorbing1825

wrapped1884

hung-up on1966

1821 S. P. Waldo Life & Char. S. Decatur v. 60 He thus addressed the whole-souled tars of the ship.

1893 F. W. L. Adams New Egypt 209 A most vigorous and whole-souled resentment.

1944 A. F. Tyler Freedom's Ferment i. 41 The whole-souled young reformers of this period..threw their energies into social reform.

2013 N.Y. Times 21 July br14 Her patriotism was whole-souled, ferocious and probably the only uncomplicated thing about her.

† whole-steal n. Obsolete theft of something in its entirety, or on a large scale; wholesale theft.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] > wholesale

whole-steal1649

1649 P. Lightfoot Battell with Waspes Nest 42 Whom you have so unworthily used, as to steale his arguments by whole-steale and never to owne him.

whole stitch n. Lacemaking [after half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2] a bobbin-lace stitch in which the threads are interlaced as though weaving cloth; also called cloth stitch; cf. half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > loops or stitches

purl1564

jours1865

punto a maglia1865

whole stitch1870

fibre-stitch1882

hollie stitch1882

star1882

streak stitch1882

Venetian stitch1882

leadwork1900

Kat stitch1919

1870 Englishwoman's Domest. Mag. 1 May 298/1 I do not think that any one, however clever at needlework, could find out ‘whole’ stitch or ‘half stitch’..without a hint or two from a clever teacher.

1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making xi. 187 It is made of whole stitch and there is only an edge on the outside.

2008 G. Ward Grove Encycl. Materials & Techniques in Art 313/2 Whole stitch creates a dense clothwork or toilé, comparable to a tabby-woven textile.

† whole-stone adj. Obsolete rare designating lime to which water has not yet been added to form calcium hydroxide; not slaked; cf. quicklime n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > lime materials > [adjective] > slaked > not

unsleckedc1386

unquenched?c1425

unsleaked1526

unblushed?1548

unslaked1598

unslissed1598

unslacked1656

unslake1660

whole-stone1703

in shells1799

1703 Churchwardens' Accts. Bucknall, Lincs. (MS) 3 Chalden of wholestone Lime.

whole-time adv. and adj. now chiefly South Asian (a) adv. for the customary full number of working hours; full-time; (b) adj. occupying all a person's working time, or the total normal working hours; full-time; (of a person) employed on a full-time basis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > while something lasts or during

alongOE

whole-time1837

1837 St. James's Chron. 15 Apr. 5/6 One mill-owner has proposed to his hands to choose whether they will work half-time, or work whole time upon a reduction of wages.

1865 H. Fawcett Econ. Position Brit. Labourer iii. 113 The children who are at school half the day and are at work the remaining half,..really do more work in a day than used to be done by those children who were employed whole time.

1872 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 2 Apr. 2/3 That fourteen instead of thirteen years should be the age at which whole-time work might be undertaken.

1906 Athenæum 13 Oct. 421/3 The Inspector of Colleges..will be a whole-time officer of the University.

1918 Act 8 Geo. V. c. 5 Sched. i. §4 Engaged in whole-time work..of national importance.

1984 Times of India 20 Oct. 5/4 Sixteen out of the 35 members of the U.P. Congress committee executive have offered to work whole-time.

2013 Pakistan Perspectives (Nexis) 30 June Hangal was sacked. Thereafter he became a whole time worker of the Party.

whole-timer n. (a) (now chiefly South Asian) a person who works full time; cf. full-timer n. 2; (b) a child who attends school during the whole of the school hours; cf. full-timer n. 1 (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who works at specific time or hours

night worker1601

daysman?1614

nightman1620

dayworker1802

dayman1821

full-timer1839

whole-timer1840

all-night man1861

part-timer1886

all-timer1891

over-timer1910

Saturdayite1932

nine-to-fiver1945

1840 H. S. Chapman in Rep. Assistant Hand-loom Weavers Commissioners: Pt. II 528 in Parl. Papers (H.L. 14) XXVII. 1 The ‘half-timers’ will earn 1s. 9d. to 2s., and the ‘whole-timers’ 3s. 9d. to 4s. 9d.

1856 Minutes Comm. Council Educ. 1855–6 480 I would divide each class into two divisions, whole-timers and half-timers.

1909 C. E. Woodruff Expansion of Races xii. 185 Factory employees work half the day and go to school the other half, and they make better progress than the whole timers who are really kept in school more hours per day than is good for them.

2013 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 20 Oct. After grade seven, I quit school and started working as a whole-timer to master the skills of stone-carving and inlay (Pietra dura) work.

whole tone n. Music a melodic interval (interval n. 5) equal to two semitones, the largest interval in the ordinary scales; a major second; cf. whole note n. (a), tone n. 4a. [Probably after post-classical Latin tonus integer and tonus totus (both 6th cent. in Boethius). Compare French ton entier (c1400 in Middle French).]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone

whole note1574

second1597

tone1609

whole tone1636

note1762

deuce1829

1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. ii. 12 Whereas dhe rest ar all whole tones.

1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. 2849/2 A redundant second, composed of a whole tone, and a minor semitone.

1853 A. H. Wehrhan tr. A. B. Marx Universal School Music v. 35 A whole tone consists of two sounds belonging to two adjacent degrees, between which there is one intermediate sound... Thus, c and d form a whole tone, for they belong to two adjacent degrees, whilst there is another sound, c sharp or d flat, between them.

1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 26 The ninths and elevenths and whole-tone chords that form the stock-in-trade of Debussy's early mannered style.

2010 R. L. Smith Appalachian Dulcimer Trad. (ed. 2) i. 6 It [sc. the dulcimer] is fretted in a pattern of whole tones and halftones that matches the pattern of whole tones and halftones that constitutes the major scale.

whole-tone scale n. Music a scale which divides the octave into six equal steps, each a whole tone apart. [Compare German Ganztonleiter and Ganztonskala (both 1904 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > other scales

hendecachord1761

pentachord1786

Scotch scale1786

maqam1793

pelog1817

harmonic scale1880

whole-tone scale1900

pentatonic1909

harmonic series1910

blues scale1939

1900 C. W. Grimm Simple Method Mod. Harmony iv. 135 Compare Ex. 86, from Liszt's Dante Symphony, where the bass moves in a whole tone scale.

1977 Time 21 Mar. 62/3 His inclusion of..the whole-tone scale from the Orient (more than half a century before Debussy) suggests that he was exceptionally curious and openminded.

2001 C. Christiansen Jazz Scales for Guitar 75 The whole-tone scale..is made up entirely of whole steps. Because of its construction, every other note can be the root of the scale. This means there are only two whole-tone scales that contain different notes.

whole-word adj. originally and chiefly Education of or relating to an entire word or entire words, esp. with regard to a method of teaching reading in which learners are taught to recognize entire words, as opposed to associating a letter or group of letters with a particular speech sound (cf. whole language n.); (also) designating this method of teaching.

ΚΠ

1939 Elem. School Jrnl. 39 507 If a teacher is planning to emphasize chiefly whole-word recognition without analysis, it is more important for her to know the pupil's status on word-recognition tests.

1964 P. A. D. MacCarthy in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 157 This in turn facilitates the recognition of whole-word patterns.

1991 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 29 319 Whole word slips usually involve the substitution of a target word by another word in the same utterance.

2007 Clover (S. Carolina) Herald (Nexis) 6 Sept. A lot of schools teach a method called ‘whole language’ or ‘balanced literacy’, where they use the whole word method like in the Dick and Jane books.

C2. Compounds of the adverb with past participial adjectives.

whole-bred adj. of pure breeding (opposed to half-bred adj. 1); cf. sense A. 9b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [adjective] > kept for breeding > of good breed

gentle?a1300

generous1594

well-bred1607

whole-bred1667

well-strained1710

standardbred1874

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor > inbreeding > inbred line

whole-bred1667

inbred1888

1667 J. Raymond Folly in Print 83 A frozen dish-clout fore-head Which reacheth to her Crown-a, But if you'l spie, Her hole-bred eye Then come a great way down-a.

1784 Ann. Agric. 2 156 The cows and other cattle whole bred.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. p. xxi A whole-bred Southdown fat wether.

1912 W. T. Grenfell et al. Labrador p. xii (caption) Whole-bred Eskimo dogs.

2005 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 19 Feb. 79 It is hard to escape the claims of Lothian Rising in the second Maiden Race. This whole-bred seven-year-old has very few miles on the clock.

whole-moulded adj. Shipbuilding (now historical and rare) relating to or constructed using whole moulding.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > shaped to specific mould > whole-moulded

whole-moulded1754

1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation ii. ii. 139 This may be formed by fixing a point for the aftermost timber that is whole moulded.

2004 F. M. Hocker in F. M. Hocker & C. A. Ward Philos. Shipbuilding v. 84/1 Once English and French shipwrights had solved the problems inherent in whole molded design methods..they replaced the Dutch as the dominant shipbuilders of Europe.

C3. Compounds of the noun.

whole working n. Coal Mining the extraction of coal from a seam not previously worked in any way; cf. sense B. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mine by type of operation

stream-work1586

opencast?a1650

lavatory1712

lavadero1717

coffin1778

whole working1842

open cut1848

dry- or wet-diggings1849

river diggings1850

placer digging1851

placer working1867

drift mine1882

strip mine1934

1842 Children's Employm. Comm.: 1st Rep.: Mines 57 in Parl. Papers XV. 1 In the first working or whole working the men use candles exclusively, and are safe in so doing.

1914 T. C. Cantrill Coal Mining vii. 96 This operation is known as ‘whole-working,’ i.e. working in the whole or unbroached seam.

2003 C. A. Brown We were All Slaves iii. 113 If the entire coal-bearing area was divided into pillars before any extraction occurred, it was called whole working.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	whole
释义	wholeadj.int.n.adv. Brit. /həʊl/, U.S. /hoʊl/ Forms: α. Old English hale (rare), Old English hall (rare), Old English–early Middle English hal; see also hale adj., n.⁴, and adv. β. Middle English hoel, Middle English hoill (Kent), Middle English hol, Middle English hold, Middle English holde, Middle English holee, Middle English hoyl (northern and East Anglian), Middle English hoyll (Yorkshire), Middle English ol, Middle English ole, Middle English oull, Middle English–1500s hoal, Middle English–1500s hoale, Middle English–1500s holle, Middle English–1500s hool, Middle English–1500s hoole, Middle English–1500s hooll, Middle English–1500s hoolle, Middle English–1500s hoylle (Yorkshire), Middle English–1500s oole, Middle English–1600s holl, Middle English–1700s hole, late Middle English–1600s wholle, late Middle English–1600s whoole, late Middle English– whole, 1500s hoell, 1500s houl, 1500s houll, 1500s howl, 1500s howle, 1500s howll, 1500s whoal, 1500s whoule, 1500s woll, 1500s wolle, 1500s–1600s whoale, 1500s–1600s wholl, 1500s–1700s whol, 1600s whoall; English regional 1600s–1700s holle, 1600s 1800s– who (Cheshire), 1700s how, 1800s wooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– ho (Isle of Wight), 1800s– hooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whoal (Derbyshire), 1800s– whol (Yorkshire), 1800s– wholl (Yorkshire), 1800s– whooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whul, 1800s– whull, 1800s– wole, 1800s– woll (Yorkshire), 1800s– wul, 1800s– wull, 1900s– hull, 1900s– wool (Staffordshire); U.S. regional 1800s holl, 1800s whull, 1800s– hull; Scottish pre-1700 hoill, pre-1700 hol, pre-1700 hole, pre-1700 holl, pre-1700 holle, pre-1700 hoole, pre-1700 hoyll, pre-1700 qhole, pre-1700 quhol, pre-1700 quhole, pre-1700 quholl, pre-1700 quholle, pre-1700 quole, pre-1700 quoll, pre-1700 uholl, pre-1700 whoall, pre-1700 whoell, pre-1700 whoill, pre-1700 whol, pre-1700 wholl, pre-1700 wholle, pre-1700 1700s– whole, 1800s hoil (Shetland); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– wholt; also Welsh English 2000s– hool, 2000s– ool, 2000s– whool. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hēl (West Frisian hiel ), Old Dutch hēl (Middle Dutch heel , heil , Dutch heel ), Old Saxon hēl (Middle Low German hēl , hēil ), Old High German heil , hēl (Middle High German, German heil ), Old Icelandic heill , Old Swedish hel , heel , heil , häl (Swedish hel ), Old Danish hel , hiæl (Danish hel ), Gothic hails , Crimean Gothic iel , < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic cělŭ complete, whole, Old Prussian kails (interjection) hail, and (with suffixation) kailūstiskun (accusative) health; perhaps further cognate with Old Welsh coil omen (Welsh coel ; compare discussion at holy adj.). Compare hale adj., n.⁴, and adv., heal n., heal v.¹, and also heal adj.Form history. Spellings with initial wh- appear in the mid 15th cent. and reflect development of a w -glide chiefly before long open ǭ (see discussion at wh n.), sometimes followed by loss of the initial h- . Failure of the glide to develop before a short vowel meant that w rarely appeared in spellings of wholesome adj. (where the vowel was usually shortened before the consonant cluster ls ) until considerably later; this difference probably underlies the occasional tendency in early modern orthoepists and some authors (e.g. Spenser) to distinguish senses relating to completeness and senses relating to health and soundness (i.e. branches A. II. and A. I.) by pronunciations and spellings respectively with and without w . (See further E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §431, and compare also the initial h- in healthy adj.) Pronunciations with initial /w/ (and occasionally /hw/) survive in modern English regional varieties: J. Wright Eng. Dial. Gram. (1905) 678–9 records such pronunciations widely from the north, the midlands, and the south-west; Surv. Eng. Dial. likewise (for wholemeal n.) from Westmorland, Derbyshire, Shropshire, and Monmouthshire. Specific senses. In senses A. 4 and A. 5a after classical Latin sānus sane adj. Compare especially sānae mentis of sound mind, sānus mentis sound of mind. Compare also French sain (1357 in Middle French in sense ‘sensible, wise’, c1365 in sense ‘sound of mind’). With sense A. 5b compare the earlier Old English derivatives hālwende healing, healthful, salutary, hālbǣre wholesome, salutary. In sense A. 10a after post-classical Latin integer integer adj. Compare whole-leaved adj., whole tone n., and whole note n. (a) at Compounds 1b. Compare also sense A. 7c and discussion at whole wheat n. In sense A. 10b after post-classical Latin solidus solid adj. In some compounds and phrases after the corresponding compounds and phrases with half adj., demi- prefix, and semi- prefix; compare whole sister and whole brother at sense A. 9b (respectively after half-sister n. and half-brother n.; compare slightly earlier full adj. 5d), and also whole-cannon n., whole culverin n., whole holiday n., whole pull n., and whole stitch n. at Compounds 1b. More commonly, such compounds and phrases are formed with full adj. (compare senses 5 and 6 at that entry). Use in salutations. With use in salutations with the imperative or subjunctive of the verb (see sense A. 3b), compare Old Saxon hēl uuis thu , hēl uues , Middle Low German wes hēil , Old High German heil wis , Middle High German heil sīst du , heil wis tu , wis heil , Old Icelandic ver heill , heill þú sér (also kom heill welcome, far heill farewell), Crimean Gothic iel vburt (for iel vvurt ). Compare later wassail n. With use as interjection (see quots. OE¹ and a1225 at sense A. 3b) compare Middle Dutch heil , Old High German heil (Middle High German, German heil : see heil int.), Old Icelandic heill , Gothic hails , (quoted in a Latin text) eils , and further Old Prussian kails (use as interjection (in greetings and toasts) of the nominative singular masculine of the otherwise unattested adjective; compare Baltic and Slavonic forms cited above). Compare later hail int. For the use of cognate nouns (compare heal n. and the discussion at holy adj.) in salutations in various Germanic languages, compare Dutch heil (in constructions with an indirect object: compare hail int. b), Middle Low German hēil (e.g. in gūt hēil ; compare hail n.² 2), Middle High German, German Heil (e.g. in heil dir ; compare hail int. b). Compare also all hail int. For semantically similar formations in other languages, compare e.g. ave int., salve n.⁵, and vale int. Prefixed form in Old English. Prefixed Old English gehāl yhole adj. shows considerable semantic overlap with this word, and survives into Middle English. Although much less frequent in Old English overall, it is attested more commonly than the unprefixed adjective in senses of branch A. II. such as ‘complete, entire’ (compare especially quot. eOE at sense A. 6a); it is also attested earlier in senses A. 2b and A. 7. A. adj. (and int.) I. In good condition, sound. In senses A. 1 – A. 4 often in collocation with sound, fere, hail, etc., in early use. 1. a. Of a person or animal, the body or part of the body: free from wounds or injury; unhurt, unharmed; (contextually) recovered from a wound or injury; †(of a wound) healed (obsolete). Cf. to lick whole at lick v. 1e. Now archaic.In early use sometimes more generally: safe from any kind of harm or danger. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury unwoundedOE wholeOE unwemmedc1175 hailc1275 wemlessc1330 sound as a trouta1450 unmaimeda1470 unmaggled1508 unmenyied?a1513 in (also with) a whole skin1534 woundless1579 unmartyred1580 wound-free1609 invulnered1613 fist-free1615 invulneratea1680 unmangled1885 OE Beowulf (2008) 1974 Lindgestealla lifigende cwom heaðolaces hal to hofe gongan. OE Daniel 270 Hyssas hale hwurfon in þam hatan ofne, ealle æfæste ðry. OE Blickling Homilies 177 Hie þa hine on rode ahengan..& he ða soðlice minum ceapum [perh. read cempum; L. militibus] hine halne & gesundne ðy ðriddan dæge æteowde. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 29 Mon mei underfon ane wunde on his licome þet ne mei beon longe hwile hal. c1300 St. John Baptist (Laud) 131 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 33 His heued ȝut, and is finguer al-so, boþe huy beoth hole and sounde. c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 717 (MED) Ichaue brouȝt an oyniment For make þe boþe hol & fere. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2484 (MED) Þe hurt watz hole þat he hade hent in his nek. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job v. 18 He smytith, and hise hondis schulen make hool. 1452 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 60 Wheche wownde was neuer hol to the daye of her deth. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 836/2 Hole and safe, sayn et sauf. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 131 When the wounde is whoale, what neede any playster or further surgery? 1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. I4 A man is not so soone whole as hurt. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 9 He was thrust in the mouth with a Speare, and 'tis not whole yet. View more context for this quotation 1651 J. Horn Caveat to All True Christians vi. 255 Letting ones brethren sink or swim, be sick or well, wounded or whole, prodigals or thrifty, without looking after them. 1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. 617 They saw..his Body whole and untouch'd, and knew that his Blood was still in his Veins. 1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa I. iv. 15 At night I reached this town with a whole neck. A lucky thing enough, considering how precipitously the postilions drove. 1844 G. R. Gleig Light Dragoon xvi One whole man..is enough to take care of a wounded one. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 131 She..Felt it [sc. the babe] sound and whole from head to foot. 1930 Boys' Life Aug. 44/2 Antonius was vastly relieved to see me sound and whole. 2003 L. W. Miller Pern & Giant Forest 45 Derek started chanting the mending spell, and the eerie feeling of knitting bones and tendons and reforming cartilage replaced the fire of pain and soon his leg was whole again. b. Modifying skin, limbs, etc., used metonymically to indicate a person or animal is uninjured or unharmed. Cf. skin n. Phrases 6. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > freedom from injury whole1602 a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 817 And furthwithall they were as hole of hyde and lymme as ever they were in their lyff.] 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 72 Let them keep their limbs hole, and hack our English. 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 100 Your hearts are mightie, you skins are whole. 1648 Bp. J. Hall Breathings Devout Soul xxvii. 41 A third with Lazarus wants bread, and a whole skin. 1756 Crit. Rev. Mar. 145 The hostler kept his halfpence, and his skin whole. 1760 Life & Adventures of Cat 21 Though he made several attempts upon her larder, he seldom availed himself of the expedition, being glad to get off with whole bones, he being a rival in these purloinings with the old taylor. 1820 W. Scott Abbot II. v. 141 We must back to perch and mew, and thank heaven, more than our own wit, with our bones whole, and without a stab in the stomach. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxx. 293 When a man's got his limbs whole, he can bear a smart cut or two. 1922 R. M. Binder Business & Professions xix. 299 It was after all a code of which the other classes knew nothing, because they were too much concerned with preserving their skin whole. 1991 R. Jordan Dragon Reborn xlvii. 474 You delivered the Lady Elayne's letter, then?..And kept your skin whole, it seems. 2. a. Of an object: free from damage or defect; in good condition; unbroken.Sometimes overlapping with sense A. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact yholec1000 wholeOE all wholec1175 hale1357 haila1400 intactc1450 undeflowereda1533 dintless1558 pure1607 undinteda1616 entirea1631 neat1715 OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xxxv. 59 Wicþenas..heora þeningfata clæne and hale [L. munda et sana] þam hordere betæcen. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 (MED) Ȝif he [sc. the pot] belæfð hal and ȝesund, ðe pottere hine deð ðar to ðe he iscapen was. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 10 So gleam glidis þurt þe glas, of þi bodi born he was, and þurt þe hoale þurch he gload. c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 364 Ber wiþ þe forti pund, And þine cupe hol & sund. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2776 Ðo sag moyses at munt synay..Fier brennen on ðe grene leaf, And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7395 Her armes, riche of mounde, Weren ȝut hole and sounde. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3368 (MED) When he was take vp of þe vrthe, he was as wholle And as freysshe as he was ony tyme þat day byfore. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 117 Yet hadde he his spere hoill. 1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia Pl. XXII, in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) sig. D2 Their bones (remaininge still fastened together with the ligaments whole and vncorrupted) are couered a gayne with leather. 1611 R. Peake tr. S. Serlio 3rd Bk. Archit. 27 b Traians Columne is the wholest. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 121 His corslet wholler then his clothes. 1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 205 This is worse than what Tinkers do, to make a Hole in a whole Vessel. 1718 P. Rae Hist. Late Rebellion 287 Bringing..the whole Boats they found in their Way. 1785 European Mag. Apr. 256/1 This wicked jade then took up a glass, threw it against the wall, broke it into a thousand fragments, and instantly shewed it the company as whole as at first. 1829 Chapters Physical Sci. 185 When the pipe is quite whole and sound. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 8 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 298 She [sc. a statue] is just as whole as when she left the hands of the sculptor. 1938 D. Parker in New Yorker 5 Feb. 15/1 The baby was in Sunday white; its dress was patched so delicately that you would have thought the fabric whole. 2000 N. Pickard Whole Truth 70 It was a chain of little plastic hearts... It was whole, not broken. b. Of immaterial things: intact, unimpaired. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact > specifically of immaterial things wholelOE entire1601 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lii. 403 Hie sint to manienne ðæt hie..giemen, ðeah hi ðæt god hira gecynde gehal [L. integra] nolden gehealdan, ðæt hi hit huru tobrocen gebeten.] lOE Canterbury Psalter: Canticles xv. 2 Catholicam fidem, quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit : þane fulfremedon geleafan, þane bute hwilc halne & unwemne gehealde. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxviii. 2 His lif shal ben hoel [L. sospes] and lyuynge. ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 327 (MED) It was ordeyned in þe parlement þat all Cathedrall cherches shold ioy and haue her eleccions hool; & þat þe King..sholde not write aȝens hem þat were ychosen. c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. xij/1 That the citezens..haue alle her fraunchyses and free custumes holl and vnblemyshed as they before this tyme hadden hem. a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Prol. sig. Aj There is nothynge so entier, but it diminisheth, nor nothyng so hole, but that is wery. 1629 G. Carleton Collegiat Suffrage v. 129 The seed of regeneration, with all those fundamentall graces, without which the state of a regenerate man cannot stand, is preserved whole and sound. 1795 Analyt. Rev. Nov. 537 This country, whose honour..was delivered safe, whole, and unimpaired into his hands. 1888 Churchman 28 Apr. 454/3 That good thing committed to them by the Holy Ghost [sc. the episcopate], the bishops of Scotland preserved and transmitted, whole and intact, to this day. 1908 tr. G. V. Fradryssa Rom. Catholicism capitulating before Protestantism iii. 21 If our confession of faith is fixed once and for all,..it will always remain whole in the midst of all perplexities and disturbances. 1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre 60 Her India had remained intact; her idea of the world had remained whole. 3. a. In good health; free from disease or illness; well; (contextually) restored to health, recovered from disease or illness; better. Now chiefly archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy wholeeOE isoundOE i-sundfulc1000 ferec1175 soundc1175 fish-wholea1225 forthlyc1230 steadfasta1300 wella1300 safec1300 tidya1325 halec1330 quartc1330 well-faringc1330 well-tempered1340 well-disposeda1398 wealyc1400 furnished1473 mighty?a1475 quartful?c1475 good1527 wholesomea1533 crank1548 healthful1550 healthy1552 hearty1552 healthsome1563 well-affected?1563 disposed1575 as sound as a bell1576 firm1577 well-conditioned1580 sound1605 unvaletudinary1650 all right1652 valid1652 as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655 fair-like1663 hoddy1664 wanton1674 stout?1697 trig1704 well-hained1722 sprack1747 caller1754 sane1755 finely1763 bobbish1780 cleverly1784 right1787 smart1788 fine1791 eucratic1795 nobbling1825 as right as a trivet1835 first rate1841 in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844 gay1855 sprackish1882 game ball1905 abled1946 well-toned1952 a hundred per cent1960 oke1960 the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [adjective] > recovered yheledc900 wholeeOE safec1300 halec1330 healeda1400 recovered1477 bettered?1533 resuscitated1576 wella1616 stout?1697 a hundred per cent1960 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. vi. 402 Ðu eart nu git swiðe gesælig, nu ðu git liofast & eart hal. OE tr. Vindicta Salvatoris (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) in J. E. Cross Two Old Eng. Apocrypha (1996) 279 Me þæs blodes fleusa huru twelf gear eglode, ic wæs þa sona hal [L. sana] geworden. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15519 Ȝho..Warrþ hal off hire unnhæle. a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 114 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 167 Wa se seið þet he bo hal, him solf wat best his smirte. c1300 St. Barnabas (Laud) 61 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 28 He bi-cam anon hol and sound. c1300 Pilate (Harl.) 142 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 115 Anon þo he þe ymage iseȝ he was ol anon. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1097 A stoon..so..vertuous That hole a man it koude make Of palasie and tothe ake. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 24 Iaques recouerd of his maladye and bycam alle hool. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. l^v Thy fayth hath saved the [1611 King James made thee whole], goo in peace, and be whole off thy plage. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxix. f. 49 I repute it a very perillous thinge for a hole man to reste and be idell. 1629 Orkney Witch Trial in County Folk Lore (1903) 3 103 Quha being quholl then deit within thrie dayes be your witchcraft. 1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. 13 The Gospel also testifies of a sheep-poole, into which whosoever stepped first, after the Water was troubled by the Angel, was made whole of whatsoever disease he had. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 162 We are all whole and sound People here, and we would not have you bring the Plague among us. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. iv. 49 Him who made Tobias whole. 1897 A. Lang tr. J. J. Bourassé Miracles Madame St. Katherine of Fierbois i. 56 There she made her oblation, and so departed, whole and well. 1920 N. N. Riddell Vital Christianity iii. xii. 259 Say, ‘I am whole,’ rather than, ‘I am not sick.’ The latter throws into the subjective mind the suggestion of sickness. 2012 P. S. Thng tr. L. Sung Diary J. Sung viii. 301 She recalled that everyone at the scene, sick or whole, was shouting with great joy. †b. In greetings or salutations, wishing a person well. Cf. hail adj. 1b Obsolete.Also (cf. quots. OE¹, a1225) as int.: = hail int. [With quot. 1583 compare all hail int. and the Dutch form cited there.] ΚΠ OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Mark xiv. 45 Statim accedens ad eum ait rabbi : sona gineolicadun to him cwæð hal larwa [OE Lindisf. la laruu]. OE Beowulf (2008) 407 Beowulf maðelode..: ‘Wæs þu, Hroðgar, hal!’ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 144 Sy ðu hal, leof, Iudeiscra leoda cyning. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) i. 28 Hal wes ðu [c1200 Hatton hal wæsse þu; L. have]. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 117 (MED) Hoal ði godnesse! c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7452 Hal [c1300 Otho hayl] wrð þu lauerd king. 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 12 b Thei cried with a lustie courage, All whole noble mates all whole.] c. Morally or spiritually sound; virtuous, upright; free or freed from sin or corruption. Frequently in to make whole. ΚΠ OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxi. 8 Doð eowre heortan hige hale and clæne. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 14 Þe bið hal on his [sc. Jesus's] nome þe ðe hine hæle bit... Bide þe nu hæle on þæs Hælendes nome modes & lichame. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 89 (MED) God wolde þat proude men and leprous heretikes wolden wel confesse þe feiþ, and þan shulden þei be hool. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 191 (MED) Ihesu gladly makyth þe hole fro þi synne. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii Hole in body, holler in his soule, and richer in goodes. 1621 R. Lovell Two Soveraigne Salves 20 Thou art Whole, Therefore sinne no more. 1675 W. Sherlock Def. & Contin. Disc. Knowl. Jesus Christ ii. 137 According to my notion, in reference to the demands of the Gospel, we may in a proper sense be said to be justified. So that I am whole again all on a sudden. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) vi. ii O Lord,..save my Soul, And for thy Mercy sake make whole. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter iii, in Poems (new ed.) 34 A soul..So healthy, sound and clear and whole. 1866 J. G. Whittier Our Master xiv We touch Him in life's throng and press, And we are whole again. 1946 Life 21 Oct. 36/3 If ours is to be a whole and healthy civilization, our politics needs the feminine touch. 1990 L. Tooma & Y. Nelson Exploring Bible 8/1 They recalled that those who once felt Jesus' touch and heard his voice were made whole again. 4. Of a person: of sound mind, sane; (of the mental faculties) free from impairment, sound. Cf. of whole memory at memory n. Phrases 3a. Now rare.Often in legal contexts, esp. in or with reference to the writing of wills. Later examples are perhaps merely contextual uses of sense A. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > [adjective] > of the mind rightOE wholeOE good1404 sound1531 static1652 spacked1673 unobscured1748 valid1854 OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) v. 15 Hi gesawon þone ðe mid deofle gedreht wæs, gescrydne sittan, [&] hales modes [L. sanae mentis]. lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 45 Swa hyt byð æac be þæs modes æagan, þæt is andgit. Swa swa þæt halre byð, swa hyt mare geseon mæg þære æccan sunnan, þæt is wysdom. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark v. 15 Thei camen to Jhesu, and thei seen hym..sittynge clothid, and of hoole mynde [L. sanæ mentis]. 1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 30 I. Iohn Chelmyswyk, squier of Shropshire, hole of mynde & in my gode memorie beyng. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 38 (MED) Þouȝ eche man..myȝtte lyue hool & sond in bodi & wittis. 1507 Test. of James Hamour in C. W. Foster Lincoln Wills (1914) I. 32 Of a holle mynde and hoill memory. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 4 If I flatter not my selfe, I haue a whole minde within my crasie bodie. 1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights 165 Indenture sealed by person or persons of full age, of whole memory. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Disability,..where a man is not of whole Memory..so, that in all cases, where he passeth any Estate out of him, it may, after his death, be disanull'd. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sane, sound, whole, in his Sences. 1847 Jurist 15 May 187/2 The will of such a person ought not to be taken to be the offspring of a whole and sane mind. 1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell ii. ix. 157 I am..unsure if I be whole of mind. I think I have been estranged from my right wits. 1913 E. Jones in W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe Mod. Treatm. Nerv. & Mental Dis. I. viii. 331 With a neurosis..the very organ that yields consolation, that philosophizes, is no longer whole. 1989 D. Koontz Midnight iii. vii. 405 His unwavering will to lead as full a life as possible was what had kept him whole in mind and heart. †5. a. Based on good judgement; sound, wise; morally correct. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome goodOE wholeOE wholesomec1175 whole?c1225 hailsome1372 healthfulc1384 haila1393 halea1400 salutairec1450 salutary1490 wholesome1549 salutiferec1550 salutiferous?c1550 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salubrious1659 apple pie1960 OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxxii. 226 Tu autem loquere quę decet sanam, id est integram, doctrinam : þu soðlice spec þa gerist hale lare. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. vi. 3 If ony man..acordith not to the hoole [L. sanis], or holsum, wordis of oure Lord.., is proud. 1422 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) I. 1 (MED) Ȝhe schal..ȝhif trewe and hole counsell..to the Mair. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. iv. sig. r.iiii ^v After the moost hole opynyon [Fr. selon la plus saine opinion]. b. Conducive to physical well-being; wholesome, healthy. Obsolete.With quot. a1500 cf. sound adj. 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome goodOE wholeOE wholesomec1175 whole?c1225 hailsome1372 healthfulc1384 haila1393 halea1400 salutairec1450 salutary1490 wholesome1549 salutiferec1550 salutiferous?c1550 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salubrious1659 apple pie1960 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 272 Ne nome neauer ȝeme hwat wes hal. hwat unhal to eotene ne to drinken. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 251 Ase moche ase þe welle yuelþ lesse of þe erþe, zuo moche hi is þo holer and þe betere of to drinke. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 23 (MED) First biholde aboute and se thyn aier; If hit be cleer and hool [L. salutaris], stond out of fere. a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 He lediþ his sheep wel in hool pasture þat wole not rote. II. Complete, undivided, total, and related uses. 6. a. Not separated into parts or particles; not ground, broken up, or cut into pieces; undivided, entire; in one piece. Cf. sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > united into a whole > not divided, separated, or split wholeeOE unparteda1398 undealta1400 undividedc1412 individedc1430 undeparted1430 indeparted1434 untwinnedc1450 unsparpled1508 undissevered1521 unseparated1545 inseparate1550 unseparate1553 unsundered1594 unspleeted1609 inseparizeda1618 undisjointed1631 unparcelled1648 unsplit1656 unanalysed1661 indivise1677 unattenuated1727 uncomminuted1758 undecomposed1758 undismembered1758 indiscrete1782 undecompounded1795 undismantled1830 impartite1862 undiscrete1862 uncleave1893 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxi. 481 Hwæþer þu þonne [on]gite þæt ælc þara wuhta þe him beon þen[cð], þæt hit þencð ætgædere bion, gehal, untodæled [L. unum]? Forðæm gif hit todæled bið, þonne ne bið hit no hal. OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Hatton) (O.E.D. transcript) vii. 256 Wið ælces cynnes næddran bite, gate smero & hire tord & weax mylt & gemæng tosomne, wirc swa hit man hal [OE Vitell. gehal] forswelgan mæge. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 12 Swolewe wee hym..hol as the descendende in to the lake. a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 9 Take þe pertryche, an stuffe hym wyth hole pepir. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 78 He saw the brayis hye standand, The vattir holl throu slike rynand. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.iii The goose & swanne may be cut as ye do other fowles y^t haue hole fete. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lvi. 126 A deede must either not be imputed..or..they which haue it by imputation must haue it such as it is whole. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 14 The walles being all of whole trees as they come out of the wood. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 32 Which will neither way be so strong as the Worm cut out of the whole Iron. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 197 One pint of whole oatmeal. 1771 J. Kettilby Let. 27 Apr. in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 86 The whole words..will all stand upright and close tine by tine..and make them more ready to the Compositors hand than a Single loose-type can possibly be. 1811 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 25 148 The forceps at present used..seems better contrived for crushing a soft calculus to pieces, than for holding it fast and withdrawing it whole. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 687 In the manner of gooseberries and apples..baked whole in a dish. 1910 Nation 24 Mar. 290/1 Several of them are tempted..to cut themselves off from the cherished association; but the group remains whole in spite of everything. 1967 A. Ehrenzweig Hidden Order of Art xvi. 285 Being syncretistic, the child's vision and art goes for the whole undivided shape of the object. 2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 52/2 Always use whole chunks of cheese that you grate yourself rather than ready-grated. †b. Undivided in allegiance or devotion; loyal, faithful, steadfast. Cf. wholehearted adj. 2a, whole-souled adj. at Compounds 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective] > firm or constant wholea1375 constantc1425 feal1568 handfast1578 blue?1636 firm1705 as true as flint1847 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2952 (MED) His sone & alle oþer schul be ȝour hole frendes, & schul restore riuedli þe reddour þat was maked. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 594 Þere he fyndez al fayre a freke wythinne, Þat hert honest and hol. 1451 G. Debenham et al. in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 71 The sheriff is noght so hole as he was, for now he wille shewe but a part of his frendeshipp. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxvii[i]. 37 Their herte was not whole [1611 King James right] with him, nether continued they in his couenaunt. a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 344 Gods deare chyldren, whose hartes are whole wyth the Lorde. †c. Not divided in opinion; united, unanimous. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [adjective] anmodOE accordantc1350 concordable1393 ogrant?a1400 whole1413 agreeing1440 communala1470 concordant1477 agreeablea1525 greeinga1547 one-hearted?1584 consenting1589 well-tuned1592 consentient1622 concording1627 unanimousa1631 unanimate1633 homodox1656 concurrent1660 concerted1673 of one lip1677 homodoxian1716 harmonious1724 concurring1732 assenting1752 one-voiced1821 solidary1841 solidaire1845 solid1855 ditto-saying1892 assented1907 1413 in F. A. Page-Turner Bedfordshire Wills (1914) 18 (MED) They togedre wyþ oole assent to mynystre & to fulfylle my last Wille. 1451 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 116 The Kyng by the hole aduyse of all the greet councell of Inglond,..send hider his said comission. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance iii. f. 3^v By the hole consent of the Senate and people. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxv To whome they, with a whole voyce, aunswered nay, nay. 1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights xviii. 32 If by their whole agreement the eldest make the diuision it is said..that she shall last make election. 1694 W. Colepeper Heroick Poem upon King 4 Choice by the whole Consent of Nations known,The Lords, the Commons, and the Peoples Voice. d. Coal Mining. Of coal or a coal seam: unworked, yet to be worked; in the earliest stages of being worked. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > mined > of coal > not whole1753 unwrought1789 unworked1883 1753 in Trans. North Eng. Inst. Mining & Mech. Engineers (1891) 38 190 The Fortune Pit has wrought 260 tens of coals, and has a great quantity of whole coal yet left in her. 1844 T. Sopwith Mining Rec. 19 For the most part, a width of whole coal will be left sufficient to pass through to the lower seams. 1893 T. J. Foster Coal & Metal Miners' Pocket-bk. (rev. ed.) 199 Drainage of whole coal by bore-holes and gas-drifts in a higher seal might answer in certain cases. 1905 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 1903–4 26 256 From the 7 acres of whole coal..some 46,000 tons of coal have been produced. 7. a. Lacking no part, element, or essential characteristic; having its entire extent or magnitude; perfect, complete.Chiefly of abstract things; when used of material objects, overlapping with sense A. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] wholelOE entirec1430 integera1509 integral1611 OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) i. 9 Plerumque caritas quibusdam occupationibus praepedita, et integra flagrat in corde : wel oft soð lufu sumum bysgungum gelætt & gehal scinð on heortan.] lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 54 Ða cwæð heo: [gelyf] gefæstlice Gode, and be[fæ]ste þe halne [L. te totum] Gode, and na [read ne] wilna na to swiðe þines agnes willan ofer hys. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 165 Þis is ȝet þe uertu þe halt..ure feble flesch... In hal halinesse. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 91 With hol trust and with hol believe. c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 111 The cleernesse hool of Sapience. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 158 The nombre schall eueremore ben hool. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 72 If þe kirk, wiþ out oole autorite, solempnize matrimoyn forbidun of þe general kirk. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvij^v He permitteth..the whole supper of the Lorde [i.e. communion in both kinds]. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. iii. f. 24 Seeing these women will not bee the whole Mothers of their Children, they oughte at leaste to bee carefull to chuse good Nurses. 1609 W. B. tr. Philosophers Banquet ii. x. f. 66^v Yet in his youth was he accessary to the errour of his years, that he followed the whole sway and stray of youth. 1689 Irish Hudibras 79 A Meddar..Which tho 'twas reckon'd but a small one, Contain'd Three halfs of a whole Gallon. 1701 G. Stanhope tr. St. Augustine Pious Breathings 257 Thou art the Bread of Life, every day eaten, yet still whole and never consumed. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 103 At whole Allowance. 1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 9 Nov. 716/1 The pit was but moderately filled at whole price. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxix. 97 That thus my pleasure might be whole. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Nov. 5/2 There were four occasions on which the wind reached force 10, or what is known among sailors as a ‘whole’ gale. 1915 G. J. Nathan Another Bk. on Theatre 296 If a playwright has anything genuinely interesting..to say, he is at whole liberty to put that something into the mouths of the stock sawdust dolls of the stage. 2012 J. Piven & S. Applebaum In Studio with J. Piven 68 One at a time, add your own sound and movement in relation to the other person. Add on until a whole ‘machine’ is working together. b. Of a person's commitment, effort, energy, etc.: devoted to one object; full, complete. Frequently in whole heart; cf. heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 1j(a). Now somewhat rare (in later use influenced by wholehearted adj. 2). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > [adjective] > full, complete, or perfect wholea1375 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 163 (MED) Ȝe..alle wiȝth on hol hert to þe heiȝ king of heuene preieth a pater noster. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2339 He that..Yaff hoole his herte in will and thought. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 103 Y bileeue in hool mynde, Þe holi goost schalle knytte aȝen Þe soule to þe fleische. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xv. 15 They soughte him with a whole wyll. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 36 With hardynes of hond & with hole might. 1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah xiii. 283 Such as set their whole labour on that which is but errour, and make a studie of it. 1680 Jews Catech. 22 That he draws off his Mind from the frail and perishing things of this present World, and fixes his whole intention upon the study of the Law and pure Religion. 1723 London Jrnl. 19 Jan. 2/2 I could join with my whole heart, in this Allegation. 1888 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 765/2 The true duties..must be attended to with a whole mind. 1915 W. Long in Addr. Empire Club Canada 22 Disraeli gave his whole effort to teach his countrymen that they had a great Imperial future before them. 2006 C. James North Face Soho xi. 166 Even when working with a whole heart, you are bound to have the occasional failure. c. Containing all its proper or essential constituents; esp. (of milk) unskimmed. Cf. whole blood n. 2, whole-grain adj., wholemeal n., etc.Recorded earliest in whole wheat n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [adjective] > relating to milk > whole or full-cream whole1527 full-cream1855 1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. cciv The farthynge loffe of the hole whete shall wey the cocket and the halfe. 1793 T. Baird Gen. View Agric. Middlesex 51 By churning the whole milk together, it is most probable that the waste will not be so great, as in collecting the cream. 1867 Health Reformer Aug. 22/1 The whole flour, or Graham flour, contains three times as much nutriment of this kind as the fine white flour. 1894 Field 9 June 846/2 It is less trouble to churn whole milk than to churn cream. 1905 Creamery Jrnl. Sept. 11/1 If the milk is whole and rich the temperature..may be raised gradually a few degrees. 1975 A. Ancowitz Strokes & their Prevention x. 188 Bran Muffins: Substitute 1½ cups whole-bran cereal for 1 cup of flour. 2010 Gourmet Retailer (Nexis) Aug. Demo whole juice made in a professional-quality blender that allows you to include both the juice and the fiber from vitamin-rich fresh fruits. 8. In attributive use. a. The total amount or extent of; every part of, all; entire, full.Now the most common sense.Formerly pleonastically or emphatically modified by all or entire, esp. in senses A. 8a(a), A. 8a(c). Cf. all whole adj. (a) Modifying a singular noun, following a determiner or possessive. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] alleOE altogetherOE allOE wholea1325 halea1400 altogethers1569 orl1898 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2243 Bereð dat siluer hol agon. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 184 Þe herde & his hende wif & al his hole meyne þat bold barn wiþ his bowe..fedde. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 86 Þei fasten an hool moneth. 1491–2 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 181 The clarkes wages for an oull yere iiij s iiij d. 1532 Remedy of Love in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccclxviii/1 Eche letter an hole worde dothe represent As C, put for colde, and D, for olde. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 106 Menelay the mighty & the mayn telamon So sturnly with stod with þaire strenkyth holl. 1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. I.ii^v Our savior Christ continued the whole night in praier. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. liv. 114 To be the peace of the whole world. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 12 All the whole time I was my Chambers Prisoner. View more context for this quotation 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 186 That Parliament from which the hole Kingdome expected a Reformation. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 78. ⁋8 Hippocrates, who visited me throughout my whole Illness. 1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 169 In all the whole enlightened system. 1802 E. Forster tr. Arabian Nights V. 146 He related his whole adventure, from beginning to end. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 66 The whole..manner of looking at things alters with every age. 1904 H. James Let. 18 Nov. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) i. 40 Augustus Jay offered me a spin around the whole island. 1940 J. L. Coolidge Hist. Geom. Methods ii. ii. 145 The whole volume is largely devoted to theorems which are dual to those already developed. 1992 S. Logie Winging It ix. 195 Richmond..concluded that Kearns should scrap the whole idea right away. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 75/1 Her whole apartment smelled of potpourri. (b) With a numeral. With the, as the whole —. (formerly †the — whole). Also without the, as — whole, †whole —.Without the, frequently modifying a noun denoting a period of time, and overlapping with sense A. 8b. ΚΠ c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4631 Charlys þe Citee þo gan asayle, Two dawes hole. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 340 Ȝif vchon haue a godhede I graunte, bi him-selue, I seie þat on is also good as þe þreo hole. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. To Quene Katerine f. iii The spirituall leauen whiche your grace beyng a ghostly housewyfe for the behoufe of all the whole royalme of England,..hath in suche wyfe hydden in all the whole fower peckes of English meale, East, west, North & South. 1581 Earl of Arundel Callophisus (single sheet) To defend and mainetayne against all men whosoeuer, for sixe courses a peece, the whole sixe, or any of the sixe Articles which follow. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 118 Bellarmine spends two whole Chapters in confuting their Arguments. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 32 The fourth Persecution..wherein the Church had no breathing for whole twenty yeares together. 1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 311 He..staid whole ten days. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 228 I brought the whole three to the ground at one shot. 1897 Outing 30 381/1 A stream tumbled over it the whole ten feet, and splattered into a little pool below. 1978 I. B. Singer Shosha iii. 50 You should have taken the whole five hundred. To him that's a trifle. 2005 BBC Focus Dec. 74/4 The average fraudster gets away with their crimes for eight whole months before someone finally twigs what they are up to. (c) Modifying a plural noun, following a determiner or possessive. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now rare, except as in sense A. 8b.Now usually expressed by the whole of or all. Formerly occasionally without article; cf. sense A. 8b. ΚΠ 1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 Alle the states of this londe were ther gadyrd, the whiche states hole made thes same persones that ben comen here to yowe nowe her procuratours. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 27 All the three kynges and the hole barownes seyde how Merlion devised passynge well. 1516 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 115 Theseid decrees..shalbe..obserued..by the hole Burgesses and inhabitauntes of the same Towne. 1521 Ld. Dacre in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 279 Not doubting..but ye shalbe..recompensed of your hool dueties with th'arreragies. 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. A4 All the whole Dominions, of the Realme. View more context for this quotation 1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 89 There be whole intire Nations which approve of Incest. 1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1911) 45 233 All the whole ministers are content to be ordered by the enemies of Christ. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 203 The French..having reduced almost the whole Netherlands to their obedience. 1798 Monthly Mag. Dec. 436 My whole friends are against me; all my friends. 1808 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 112 We shall get our whole sea-ports put into that state of defence. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. i. 1/2 His whole other Tissues are included. 1895 Times (Weekly ed.) 26 Apr. 324/1 A third of the whole inhabitants of India. 1984 New Scientist 1 Nov. 39/2 The idea that a large enough work force of monkeys trained to type in a random fashion..would sooner or later come up with a Shakespeare sonnet, or even his whole works, is popularly believed. (d) Modifying a collective noun, without article: all, all of, the whole of. Now nonstandard. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras viii. 7 He taught whole Israel all righteousnes & iudgment. 1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. Yv^v As though whole religion stoude in these pointes onely. 1611 F. Rollenson Serm. preached before His Maiestie iii. 55 Whole Mankind is transformed and changed from good to euill. 1657 W. Rand in tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility Ep. Ded. Not only whole Europe, but Asia also..had their Eyes..fixed upon this Province. 1707 Rehearsal 2 Aug. in C. Leslie View of Times (1750) IV. 18 They will accept of no terms or compositions, less than the destruction of the episcopal hierarchy, and to have whole Britain one presbyterian church. 1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ x. 455 (note) All creatures stand astonished, whole Nature is amazed. 1891 National Rev. Aug. 768 Thus to open up, for whole Europe, the prospect of terrible warfare. 1919 Jrnl. Race Devel. 9 337 Such intrigues and secret manoeuvres of the belligerents as are inevitable among neutral peoples when practically whole mankind is in arms. 2002 C. Sarrat et al. in B. Sportisse Air Pollution Modelling & Simulation 125 Emission potential maps..have been drawn for whole France. b. Used emphatically, implying an unusually large quantity, number, or extent. Chiefly with dependent of-phrase. Cf. a whole raft of at raft n.², a whole world of at world n. 19a(a). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > emphatically whole1553 imaginable1614 conceivable1615 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 69^v You haue heard a whole courte roule of ribauldrie. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare (1611) xiii. 360 He pleadeth his toties, quoties, and thereby would erect a whole totquot of Masses, sans number. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. li. sig. I8^v He tels you of whole fields of Gold and Siluer, Or & Argent. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 142 Sitting..Whole days and nights. 1711 tr. S. Werenfels Disc. Logomachys 101 Then follow..your greater and lesser Realitys, modal Entitys,..Then the States, Amplications, Principles of Individuation, Suppositalitys,..and whole cartloads of Qualitys. 1798 J. O'Keeffe Czar Peter i. iii, in Dramatic Wks. III. 134 The Ship unruly scorns command, And quaffs whole seas of brine. 1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets 11 A whole court of Aldermen hawing and humming. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 163 Whole towns..were left in ruins. 1911 G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians i. 2 Whole shelves of libraries are filled with the records of this quest. 1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives. 2013 Evening Standard 10 Oct. 20/2 Whole swathes of society seem to think that once women have reached their mid-forties they should..behave with some sense of decorum. c. With the and a noun of reason, purpose, etc. With exclusive force, indicating that only the circumstances described are to be considered: entire; one and only, sole. In later use also: main, primary.Originally a spec. use of sense A. 8a(a). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adjective] firsteOE headOE highOE greatc1350 upperestc1374 chief1377 singular1377 principala1382 royalc1425 cardinal1440 pre-eminenta1460 praisea1475 main1480 maina1525 primary1565 captain1566 arch1574 mistressa1586 capital1597 topless1609 primea1616 metropolitan1635 transeminent1660 whole1675 uppermost1680 primus inter pares1688 topping1694 Sudder1787 par excellence1839 banner1840 primatial1892 1675 W. Collins Missa Triumphans 130 No body can rightly and properly say, that two angels, or two spirits are distant from one another, because they have no bodies, and consequently no univocal places to circumscribe them: and the whole reason is, because distance depends wholy upon an univocal place. 1798 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 VI. 123 The whole question is, therefore, this—‘Has my honourable friend made out such a case as ought to induce this House to enter into the proposed inquiry?’ 1813 J. F. Stanfield Ess. on Biogr. ii. ii. 132 The whole purpose of the present essay is to promote a scientific attachment towards this study. 1901 Trans. Inst. Naval Architects 43 23 The whole idea of the design has been, not so much to procure a very high measured-mile speed for a few hours, as to assure a good, continuous ocean speed. 1950 ‘T. Sturgeon’ in Galaxy Oct. 80/1 I showed him the casing of the intricate beam-power apparatus that contained the whole reason for the project. 1990 J. Leavy Squeeze Play iv. 184 The All-Star game is a boondoggle, the whole point of which is to schmooze, to be seen, and to do as little work as humanly possible. 2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 19 Sept. d7/1 The whole idea was to give this Spanish house more of a handmade feeling. 9. Forming or constituting something free from admixture or without addition of anything different; full, pure, unmixed. Often opposed to half. †a. Modifying an agent noun, personal designation, or title: that does not share the specified position or role with any one else; = sole adj. 5b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective] > possessing or functioning alone wholea1393 single1639 sole1747 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 722 (MED) Cesar Julius..Governeth under his empire, As he that was hol lord and Sire. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3281 (MED) Knoude was made hole kyng of alle Englonde. 1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §47. m. 9 Hole heire in the taylle to the said Thomas. 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. xv. sig. b2^v One hye hole ordener of al thyngs. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1373/1 His grace is made a whole king, and obeyed in his Realme as a kyng. 1628 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1918) Jan. 35 My..Nephew Thomas..whom I make my whole and onelie Executor. 1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon iii. 123 He said, That he and such other wretches as he, had made the King a whole King, by their Sermons. 1744 G. Horseman Precedents in Conveyancing III. 575 I do hereby constitute and appoint my said dear Husband Arthur Antry sole and whole Executor of this my last Will and Testament. 1776 Will L. Watson in D. Call Rep. Court of Appeals Virginia (1805) 3 306 I do appoint my brother in law, Churchill Ames, for to be my whole executor. 1880 Punch 23 Oct. 189/1 I am a whole Sheriff of London, and half a Sheriff for Middlesex. b. Modifying a noun denoting a family relationship: having the specified relationship through both parents, esp. in whole brother, whole sister; = full adj. 5d. Cf. half-brother n., half-sister n., whole blood n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > [noun] > whole brother brother-german1340 whole brotherc1400 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > sister > [noun] > whole sister sister-germana1382 whole brotherc1400 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 375 Ac alle þat beth myne hole bretheren in blode & in baptesme. 1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man sig. k.iv It is also further forbydden, that any man shall marry with hys syster, whether she be his hole syster, or his halfe syster begotten in mariage, or out of mariage. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxv. 893 He made suite for his owne naturall and whole brother by both sides [L. pro fratre germano], & not for a cousin german. 1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus I. 21 John duke of Ostrogothia..conceived the idea of espousing Maria Elizabetha, the young king's whole sister, and his own first cousin. 1796 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 272/1 His whole-brother, Edward, married Martha, daughter of Sir John Roberts, knt. 1884 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 171/1 After her marriage his half-sister slipped away from Mr. Talbert's life. As whole sisters and brothers so often do the same this fact is not astonishing. 1903 Biometrika 2 59 If we examine the case of man we find only three types of fraternal relationship, i.e. whole siblings or half-siblings on mother's or father's side. 2010 C. Bird Sultan's Shadow ii. viii. 92 There were no two whole brothers among Seyyid Said's surviving children, though there were whole sisters. c. Bookbinding. Forming or used for the whole of a cover. Cf. half adj. 11. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > [adjective] > forming entirety of cover whole1821 full1823 1821 J. Townley Illustr. Biblical Lit. II. iii. iv. 337 A bookbinder was procured from Lubeck, who engaged to deliver 2000 copies bound in whole leather. 1868 S. G. Drake Catal. Rare, Useful & Curious Bks. 44 Prime copy in original whole binding. 1900 Musical Times Jan. 57/1 Elegantly bound in whole Morocco. 1939 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 87 688 Other early books can have plain whole leather or whole vellum covers. 2004 S. Walsh tr. T. Strawinsky & D. Strawinsky Stravinsky: Family Chron. 135 The walls were covered with books,..with whole-calf bindings on which the gold tooling still gleamed. †d. Of a team of horses: all of the same colour. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome claurie1486 self1562 whole-coloured1605 concolour1646 unicolorate1657 unicolorous1657 self-coloured1682 single-coloured1703 unicolor1781 monocoloured1798 monochromic1803 unicoloured1811 concolorous1840 monochrome1849 one-coloured1854 monochromous1857 monochroous1857 monotoned1857 unicolour1860 solid1883 sole-coloured1885 monochroic1886 whole1892 whole-colour1896 single-colour1935 monocolour1955 mono1970 monotonal1973 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > [adjective] > by wheeled conveyance > by horse drawn vehicle > of a team of horses whole1892 1892 Daily News 31 May 6/1 Sir John, who used always to have a whole team, has now got one brown horse as wheeler. 10. Mathematics. a. Of a number: equal to one or to a sum consisting of one added to itself a certain number of times; (also) equal to the negative of such a number or to zero; = integral adj. 4a. Esp. in whole number.The whole numbers are those numbers which correspond to whole or entire quantities (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and their negative values (–1, –2, –3, –4, etc.) , as opposed to, for instance, fractional or complex quantities. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > whole whole?c1425 round1607 brown1611 integral1658 integer1660 ?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 17 þou schalt vndurstonde þat mediacion is a takyng out of halfe a nomber out of a holle nomber, as yf þou wolde take 3 out of 6. 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Aii Some are whole nombers... Other are broken nombers, and are commonly called fractions. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. ii. f. 69 Take also the halfe of the whole euen number, that is, of 18. which is 9. 1608 R. Norton tr. S. Stevin Disme: Art of Tenths sig. A3^v A Whole number is either a vnitie, or a compounded multitude of vnities. 1655 T. Stirrup Descr. & Use Universall Quadrat i. xi. 23 Keeping the second whole; you shall have the fourth number whole also. 1718 Daily Courant 3 Jan. 2/2 (advt.) Arithmetick in whole Numbers, and Fractions, Vulgar and Decimal, with the true and most ready way of calculating Interest. 1742 N. Hammond Elements Algebra 49 We cannot divide 1 by 2 and have the Quotient a whole Number. 1831 F. J. Grund tr. M. Hirsch Coll. Arithm. & Algebraic Probl. 321 Every whole number.., is either itself a prime number, or is a product of equal or different prime numbers. 1855 J. R. Young Compend. Course Math. 87 To find the development of (a + x)ⁿ when n is a whole number, either positive or negative. 1912 Monist 22 521 A whole number is that which can be obtained by successive additions, it is that which can be defined by recurrence. 1990 Math. Teacher 83 553/3 Since x is whole, y = 50. 2013 Sunday Globe (Joplin, Missouri) 5 May 1 Third-graders..should be able to interpret products of whole numbers, such as 5 times 7. †b. Designating a number obtained by multiplying a whole number by itself twice; cubic; = solid adj. 2b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > multiple > of self or forming powers solidc1430 quadratec1450 wholec1450 cubic1551 squared1557 sursolid1557 cubical?a1560 zenzic1571 quadrato-quadratic1647 quadrato-cubic1654 biquadratic1668 quadrato-quadratical1668 square-squarea1679 powerfula1690 biquadrate1806 quintic1851 sextic1851 superlinear1865 c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 46 (MED) Of nombres one is lyneal, anoþer superficialle, anoþer quadrat, anoþer cubike or hoole. B. n. 1. With plural agreement. Chiefly with the. Healthy or uninjured people as a class. Now somewhat archaic.Frequently contrasted with the sick. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > person wholeOE well1659 able-bodied1717 valid1882 normal1894 well-woman1941 normotensive1953 abled1960 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) Pref. 175 Crist ure drihten gehælde untrume & adlige, & þes deofol..aleuað & geuntrumað þa halan. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 12 Nys halum [L. valentibus] læces nan þearf ac seocum. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 20119 (MED) To hoole & seke dud she bote. a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 69 Seke and hole sche dide gode. 1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. H.i Aswell to the sycke as to the whole. 1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 13 Diagnosticke whose most common scope is to discerne..the sick and infirme from the whole. 1676 J. Glanvill Ess. vii. 1 We had all things, both for our Whole and Sick, that belonged to Charity and Mercy. a1729 S. Clarke Sermons (1730) III. viii. 169 Sin is to the Soul, what Disease or Sickness is to the Body: The Whole, and they that are Sick, are here, in our Saviour's phrase, the Righteous and the Sinners. 1806 La Belle Assemblée July 13/1 As well the sick as the whole..may gulp them [sc. truths] down with pleasure. 1870 Preston Guardian 12 Nov. 6/5 We do hereby authorise you..to visit the whole and the sick therein. 1968 A. Pomerans tr. J. Presser Ashes in Wind 1 Dutch Jewry was..cut down with near-scientific precision—town-dwellers and country-folk, believers and free-thinkers, the whole and the sick. 1990 R. F. Capon Health, Money, & Love 105 Jesus was persuaded that it was the lost and not the found, the sick and not the whole,..who are the signs of God's abiding relationship with his creation. 2. a. With the or the possessive. The full, complete, or total amount; all the constituent parts, elements, or individuals (of something); the entire thing.In early use occasionally pleonastically or emphatically modified by all; cf. sense A. 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount fullOE suma1382 universitya1382 your university1385 wholea1393 amountment?a1400 wholenessa1425 hale1437 aggregatec1443 rate1472 total1557 the whole ware1563 lump1576 gross1579 totality1598 universarya1604 general1608 population1612 amount1615 totum1656 totea1772 complete1790 factorial1869 collectivity1882 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4451 (MED) If..That for the hole I mihte have half, Me thenketh I were a goddeshalf. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. i. 883 A tre..haþ no moeuynge of itself, noþer al þe hole, nouþer of parties þerof. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2142 Wel may men knowe but it be a fool That euery part. is diryued from his hool. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xiii. 33 Leauen, which a woman tooke and hid in three measures of meale, vntil the whole was leauened. a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 9 Quhy sould the hoill, for thair desert, That faine wald haue that fact withstand,..beir the blame? 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H4^v They that loose halfe with greater patience beare it, Then they whose whole is swallowed in confusion. View more context for this quotation 1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. C3 The very first yeares herrings only, may bring in to the Aduenturer or owner all his whole both Stocke and Charges of 934-5-8 aforesaid. 1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Theoret. Arithm. i. 6 A number that measures the whole, and that which is taken away, will also measure the remainder. 1774 N. Salmon Expeditious Accountant iii. 127 The Debtor and Creditor agree upon an equated Time to pay the Whole at once. 1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 185 Thicken with flour, and pour the whole on the deer when roasted. 1888 C. F. Richardson Amer. Lit. 1607–1885 (1894) II. xii. 438 Its separate elements are true, but its whole is misleading. 1911 C. E. Stowe H. B. Stowe viii. 225 The whole was trimmed with a beading of yellow pine. 1964 J. A. Marsh Cone Shells World 124 The Pacific shell has a pinkish tinge over the whole. 2007 New Yorker 24 Sept. 112/3 Each step or stroke is an integral part of the whole. b. the whole of: the entirety of; all.Less commonly with a plural noun or pronoun in the dependent phrase, and now chiefly when this has collective denotation (e.g. the whole of the Americas) or when referring to the entirety of each item (e.g. they served the whole of their sentences). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] everydeala1300 universityc1384 universal?c1400 the whole ofc1450 alpha and omega1526 entire1597 be-alla1616 all1619 totalitya1631 all-hood1722 entirety1856 totalnessc1864 c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 201 Ȝif þou..kepyst treccherously in pryuite stolyn thynges or oþere thinges falsly get..þou art bounde to restore þe hole of þat good. ?1545 J. Bale 2nd Pt. Image Both Churches ii. sig. S.v^v Breuelye to conclude the whole of this matter. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xix. f. xcv But the whole of all these mischiefes doeth redounde to hym that is the refuser and caster of. 1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Dial Princes (rev. ed.) i. i. f. 1 By his Epistles and doctrine, the whole of this presente woorke is proued. 1650 Plea for Non-Subscribers 21 In direct contradiction to what the whole of that Estate..had before Voted and Declared to all the world. 1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud Introd. p. vii The whole of both Covenants..are founded upon their different or distinct, substitutive and representative Person or Headship. 1705 J. Gordon Diary 18 May (1949) 144 The whole of what I owed him first & last amounted to 14 lib. 15 sh. 3d. 1791 T. Willis Let. 27 Oct. in G. Washington Papers (2000) Presidential Ser. IX. 125 A 74 Gun Ship..;can fight the whole of her Guns from one or both..Sides of the Ship. 1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 16 Aug. 430 In the whole of my ride, I have not seen much finer fields of wheat. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 13 The whole of the gentlemen of the hunt. 1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 388 The whole of the alphabet has been gone through. 1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Oct. (1987) 28 Tell 'em you've got more in your little finger than they have in the whole of their fact-crammed brains. 1957 P. J. Darlington Zoogeogr. ii. 58 The whole of the Ostariophysi may have radiated from the Old World tropics. 1988 L. Ellmann Sweet Desserts 124 He wanted the whole of me. 2004 P. J. Conradi Going Buddhist 103 The wrong-doings of individuals cannot, he argued, affect the whole of Buddhism. c. my whole: (in a riddle or charade) the complete word which the individual syllables described or represented (called my first, my second, etc.) make up. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word hard word1533 household word1574 magic word1581 grandam words1598 signal word1645 book worda1670 wordie1718 my whole1777 foundling1827–38 keyword1827 Mesopotamia1827 thought-word1844 word-symbol1852 nursery word1853 pivot word1865 rattler1865 object word1876 pillow word1877 nonce-word1884 non-word1893 fossil1901 blessed word1910 bogy-word1919 catch-all1922 pseudo-word1929 false friend1931 plus word1939 descriptor1946 meta-word1952 discourse marker1967 shrub2008 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > guessing game > specific > specific part my whole1777 1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 Misc. Ess. 200/2 The removal of my Second formerly served to introduce my First. My Whole is the companion of ashes. Sack-cloth. 1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 489/1 My first makes use of my second to eat my whole [French chiendent]. 1885 Truth 5 Nov. 738/3 My first is in my second; my third can use my whole. 1914 Crisis Oct. 304/1 My whole is the name of a famous man Guess the answer if you can. 2003 M. Jennings Let Loose Dogs xxiv. 163 My first is the opposite of woman, my second is the reverse of the back, my whole is a dog of a town. 3. A thing made up of combined or connected parts; a complex unity or system; a thing complete in itself. Usually with indefinite article. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole wholec1450 complexa1652 complexum1664 complexion1678 complication1750 synthesis1865 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] > a composite thing or complex whole aggregatea1425 wholec1450 partage1593 compagesa1638 complexa1652 composite1656 complexum1664 complicate1664 complexion1678 wholenessa1681 compagea1682 complication1750 synthesis1865 c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 175 (MED) Of þinges skars and diminute Nature ne took noght hire produccioun, Bot of a hoole, complet and absolute [L. ab integris absolutisque] Fro all defaut and diminucioun. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Kiij^v The integrale partes, whiche make perfecte the whole, and cause the bignesse therof. 1573 R. Lever Arte of Reason iv. 156 Some are very necessary partes to the well being of an whole, and yet not so necessary but that it may haue a being without them. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ii. 7 The soule and body of the world are knit together by the..æthereal spirits,..Joyning each part of the whole [L. vtramque totius partem] into one subsistence. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xiv. 43 A Whole is that which consists in the Union of any things, or Parts. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 261 All are but parts of one stupendous Whole. 1791 W. Gilpin Remarks Forest Scenery II. 62 It [sc. the view] is what the painter properly calls a whole. There is a fore-ground, a middle-ground and distance—all harmoniously united. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 140 Full of great rooms and small.., All various, each a perfect whole. 1860 J. Brown Horæ Subs. (1861) 2nd Ser. 229 A child begins by seeing bits of everything;..it makes up its wholes out of its own littles. 1932 A. C. McLaughlin Found. Amer. Constitutionalism iii. 80 The critical question was,..whether the Union was a unity, legally speaking, an indivisible whole. 2009 newWitch Winter 28/2 Once the content has been finished, a project developer must weave the pieces into a coherent whole. †4. Mining. A seam or portion of coal or ore which has not yet been worked, or is in the earliest stages of working. Cf. sense A. 6d. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pillar or area of unworked material forbar?15.. pillar1591 whole1728 stalch1747 post1793 stenting1812 rib1818 stook1826 man-of-war1835 spurn1837 staple1839 barrier1849 shaft pillar1855 barrier-pillar1881 stoop1881 stump1881 1728 Acct. June (Devonshire Coll., Chatsworth House) in J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms (1998) 169/2 [£1-17-4 paid to] workemen for Cuting wholes in ye Ould Vain. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. G3 If the Wholes be too Soft, that we think it will let the Forks settle when they come to be weighted, we put a Sill under them. 1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. 30 That quantity of wholes which the Miner takes in his compass before him, as he cuts his way. C. adv. 1. Completely, entirely; fully, all; = wholly adv. Now somewhat rare.In quot. 1481 pleonastically emphasized by all; cf. sense A. 8a and all whole adv.In later use frequently in (implied or explicit) opposition to half, often (like half) hyphenated to the modified word. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] fullyeOE allesOE fullOE rightc1175 everydealc1300 wholec1300 whollya1325 finelyc1330 fairly1340 completec1374 gainlya1375 clearly1377 freelya1393 plaina1393 entire?a1400 entirelyc1400 oddlyc1400 sufficientlyc1440 expressc1475 totally1509 completely1526 finec1530 exactly?1531 sincerely1576 start1599 fillingly1611 circularly1618 solid1651 out-over1745 rotundly1775 roundedly?1802 whole hog1840 clear-away1883 whole cloth1917 righteous1948 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2370 (MED) Hal hundred knithes dede he calle, And hise fif thusand sergaunz alle. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2790 (MED) Al the world in Orient Was hol at his comandement. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 279 Now is Scotland hole at our kynge's wille. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2068 That ye haue me susprised so And hole myn herte taken me fro. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) x. 33 Alle the peple hool fledde to fore hym. a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 310 I myght als weele kepe Aueryll from Rayne As holde yow trewe and make yowe hoole stedfaste. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xiii. sig. Gij^v I am hole ignorant of this yonge mans lyuynge. a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 26 Mortounis race To covatice wes hoill Inclynde. 1656 A. Cowley Mistress (new ed.) 75 in Poems The ills thou dost are whole thine own. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 608 War and the chase engross the savage whole. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. v. 93 Laying a half-dirty cloth upon a whole-dirty deal table. 1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. ii. 48 The half-dressed groom would whole-dress the horse. 1908 Vice-regal Comm. Irish Railways: App to 3rd Rep. 41/2 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4054) XLVIII. 5 Do you know that it costs them as much practically to run the truck when it is half full as when it is whole full? 2004 K. A. Renn Mixed Race Students in College Pref. p. xi When you talk about why it's so important to you to have children who are ‘whole’ black or ‘whole’ Jewish, you need to know that I'm not. †2. Modifying an adverb, forming adverbial phrases (in which whole may sometimes be construed as an adjective), esp. in whole out: throughout; whole together: all together; (occasionally) entirely. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adverb] > together > all together whole togethera1400 hale and together1466 the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > altogether, entirely, or completely bedenec1175 all outc1300 downrightc1330 downrightsc1330 at alla1375 whole together1551 in all sorts1559 right out1578 clear1600 neck and heels1647 to rights1663 head over ears1774 neck and crop1791 fair and square1870 in total1965 the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through to the boneOE through and throughc1225 out and outc1300 from top to tail1303 out and inc1390 (from) head to heel (also heels)c1400 (from) head to foot (also feet)c1425 from top to (into, unto) toec1425 to the skin1526 to one's (also the) finger (also fingers') ends1530 from first to last1536 up and down1542 whole out1562 to the pith1587 to the back1594 from A to (also until) Z1612 from clew to earing1627 from top to bottom1666 back and edge1673 all hollow1762 (all) to pieces1788 from A to Za1821 to one's (also the) fingertips1825 to one's fingernails1851 from tip to toe1853 down to the ground1859 to the backbone1864 right the way1867 pur sang1893 from the ground up1895 in and out1895 from soda (card) to hock1902 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13303 Twelue were þei to telle in dole Whenne þei were to gider hole. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 281 (MED) He sette on a softe paas hool to-geder. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras vi. 28 Also, that they shall buylde the house of the Lorde whole vp. 1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. ccxxv At Sterlyng toune, whiche is the kynges burgh And wynne that shire, all whole out through. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Kj Some call it wylde succory: but it is hole together smaller. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 50^v The bark, pill, or shell of the Citron, is dry and hote in the thyrde degre hole out. 1678 A. Marvell Let. 14 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 224 The Commons were yesterday taken up..in hearing the Cause..which not hauing..heard whole out they orderd for to morrow. 1683 R. V. Romish Mass-bk. 94 Either let them receive the Sacrament whole together, or let them abstain from the whole Sacrament altogether. 1793 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench IV. 605 If they consented and agreed to keep the estate whole together. Phrases †P1. whole and some: (following a plural or collective noun or a plural pronoun) the whole number or amount, one and all; (as an adverbial phrase) altogether, entirely; in every respect. Cf. all and whole at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 6b, all and some at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 5a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether by numbera1375 in numbera1375 in allc1380 first and lastc1390 all wholea1393 in companya1393 in sum1399 full and whole1402 in great1421 whole and somec1425 in (the) whole1432 one with another1436 in (the) hale1437 all in great1533 up and down1562 one and other1569 in (the) aggregate1644 all told1814 c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 424 And all þeire power hooll & soom. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 730 (MED) My body and lyf I putte In thi welde, holich..Into thy Bandom, And At thyn Ordenance hol & som. a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 26 For which the people blisfull hole [a1450 Tanner all] and somme..crydon. a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fj^v Though I be not learned, yet cha mother witte enough whole & some. 1570 J. Drout Pityfull Hist. Two Louing Italians sig. Ciij^v The towns men with their gladsom wiues Their housholds whole and some. 1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? ii. 16 Those that answere the Church and her Pastors in your Thesis, are the Scribes & Pharises, in your proofe: who whole and some, head and taile, be Doctors and Pastors of the Church with you. †P2. as whole as a fish (also trout, etc.) and variants: in excellent health or condition. Cf. fish-whole adj., sound as a trout at trout n.¹ 1a, as sound as a roach at roach n.¹ Phrases. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11884 A noble baþ we shul þe make Bi þat þou com þerof oute þou shal be hool as any troute [Vesp. hale sum ani trute]. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvi. l. 153 (MED) His Arm be-Cam As hol Anon As was fisch that bar A bon. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 265 Anon þe lepur fel from hym and he was hole as a fysche. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiii I am forthwith as hole as a troute. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. v. 18 They are both as whole as a fish . View more context for this quotation 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions vi. 244 In four and twenty hours he made them as whole as Fishes. 1713 R. Peirce Hist. & Mem. Bath viii. 183 He return'd recover'd,..and continued (as the Proverb says) as whole as a Tench, and as sound as a Trout. 1807 tr. P. Calderón de la Barca Keep your Own Secret ii, in tr. 3 Comedies from Spanish 180 D. Felix. Broken your sword! Why, don't I see it whole by your side? Lazaro. Aye, Sir, as whole as a roach [Sp. entera està]. P3. As noun in prepositional and adverbial phrases. a. in (the) whole. (a) Chiefly as in the whole. In total amount; all together, all in all. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether by numbera1375 in numbera1375 in allc1380 first and lastc1390 all wholea1393 in companya1393 in sum1399 full and whole1402 in great1421 whole and somec1425 in (the) whole1432 one with another1436 in (the) hale1437 all in great1533 up and down1562 one and other1569 in (the) aggregate1644 all told1814 1432 in J. B. Sheppard Let. Bks. Monastery Christ Church Canterbury (1889) 162 (MED) The somme of all the arrears in hool drawyth..to lxx lb. viij d. 1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 108 Mowldes for the feltmakers to mowlde hattes vpon at xvj^d the pece in the hole ij^s viij^d. 1600 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 336 The expence of powder..w^ch charge in the wholle cannott amount vnto lese then..fyfty pownds yerely. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 270 They were..twice our Number in the Whole. 1754 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 48 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Making up in whole..the sum of nine thousand merks. 1815 S. T. Coleridge Let. to Lady Beaumont 3 Apr. Three poems, containing 500 lines in the whole. 1876 T. Parsons Personal & Prop. Rights of Citizen of U.S. i. v. 139 The house of representatives [of Alabama]..must not exceed in the whole one hundred members. 1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 27 §1 Any..sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of one million pounds. (b) Chiefly (and now only) as in whole. To the full amount; in full; entirely, completely, wholly.Frequently contrasted with in part. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > in full or to fullest extent to the full1340 at the fulla1375 at one's righta1425 in (the) wholea1475 every (each) whit1526 full due1574 in gross1606 in full habitudea1661 to capacity1958 a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 88 (MED) To the which payment and couenaunte..Iohn and Robert bounde them-self and euerych of them in the hole. 1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentaunce sig. Cj^v They..whych..wyll prate our merites or workes to satisfy for our sinnes in part or in whole. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 71 In the whole a notable ruffler, and in euery part a dowty braggard. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 374 To make himselfe righteous by his own works, either in whole or in part. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 41 To plant it [sc. an army] Nationally, it must be..either Monarchically in part,..or Monarchically in the whole. 1737 E. Smith App. Cure of Deism 4 This..Author neither receiving the Christian Revelation in Whole, nor rejecting it in Whole. 1771 M. Peters Winter Riches i. 12 Feeding, or ploughing, in whole or in part, according as they may be wanted. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. vi. 118 They may have been spurious in the whole, or incorrect in every part. 1855 G. Neil in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers Introd. 8 This Work ought to be printed in whole. 1913 Act 3 & 4 George V c. 20 §123 Any creditors whose claim he has rejected in whole or in part. 1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Dec. 13/3 The two hundred or so bastle houses which survive in whole or in part. †b. by the whole: = by wholesale at wholesale n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > in large quantities by (also at, in) wholesale1417 in great1447 by greatc1475 by the whole1592 by the yard1845 in block1870 in bulk1908 like peas1959 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. E4^v If the Currier bought not Leather by the whole of the Tanner, the shoomaker might haue it at a more reasonable price. 1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. i. sig. L2/2 Vendre en bloc, ou en gros, to sell by the whole, to sell one with another. c. on (also upon) the whole. (a)* Taking the whole of the facts or circumstances into account; all things considered. Formerly occasionally with †of. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > in general terms or not in detail > as a whole one or other?1544 upon the whole matter1612 on the whole1624 in the (whole) complex1661 in the large1943 1624 J. Reynolds Votivæ Angliæ sig. D^v The Cardes are soe cunninglie shuffled betweene them, that uppon the Whole, Bavaria is but Spaynes Depositor, and the King of Spayne, Bavaria's Patrone and protector. 1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage 126 Upon the whole, Shakespear is by much the gentiler Enemy. 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. III. 392 Upon the whole of this treaty, it was considered as inglorious to the English. 1780 W. Cowper Rep. Adjudged Case 21 On the whole it appears..that the spectacles plainly were made for the Nose. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lx. 578 Still, upon the whole, he is as well in his native mountains. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 179 [I] determined that the Alps were, on the whole, best seen from below. 1914 Rep. Royal Comm. Landing of Arms Howth 6 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7631) XXIV. 805 Upon the whole our opinion was that the fracas was just of such a kind and dimensions as a small force of police would have quickly settled. 1953 K. M. Briggs Personnel of Fairyland Gloss. 221 The Silky of Black Heddon in Northumberland had one close resemblance to a brownie... But on the whole perhaps she belonged more to the class of ghosts than of brownies. 2011 D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast & Slow (2012) xxxv. 381 How was it, on the whole? †(b) In short, to sum up; in conclusion; ultimately. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Lett. written in Italy i. 3 in tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. v Upon the whole I have nothing more to do, than to take up the Bulls sub plumbo. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 18 We came up with them, and in a word, took them all in, being..sixty four Men, Women, and Children... Upon the whole, we found it was a French Merchant Ship. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. iii. 246 Upon the whole he was unanimously sentenced to die. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 599/2 On the whole, Olivarez seems to have been always averse to peace. (c) For the most part; in general; by and large. ΚΠ 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. vi. 118 She liked him..upon the whole much better than she had expected. View more context for this quotation 1825 U.S. Lit. Gaz. 15 Nov. 152 This book belongs, on the whole, to the ancien régime of novel-writing and cannot expect to be received with much favour by the present generation. 1878 R. H. Hutton Scott iii. 34 She made on the whole a very good wife. 1884 W. Pye Surg. Handicraft 23 The patterns of a few of these forceps are given here. On the whole, the most satisfactory is the ‘fenestrated’. 1928 Observer 22 Jan. 14/6 The new Measure has not, upon the whole, such a ‘good Press’ as that which the House of Commons rejected in December. 1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 36 The houses are on the whole more modest too, chiefly cottages now resolutely prettified. 2000 Jazz Jrnl. Feb. 51/4 The second set is less successful on the whole, with some numbers going on too long. d. as a whole: as a complete thing (rather than in separate parts); as a unity; in its entirety, all together. Also (with reference to a plural noun) as wholes. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase] more and lessa1400 by greatc1475 of greatc1503 more and min1578 as a whole1643 1643 A. Steuart Some Observ. & Annot. Apologeticall Narration 29 The whole Militant Church, may be considered (as other things)..either as a Totall, or Totally, as a Whole or wholly. 1691 R. Burthogge Nature Church-govt. iii. 45 The Argument I used loses all its force with you, because..you consider it only in pieces; not as a whole. 1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 2 It [sc. a print] may have an agreeable effect as a whole, and yet be very culpable in its parts. 1797 tr. J. S. Beck Princ. Crit. Philos. ii. ii. 265 He hopes too, that nature, contemplated as a whole and in relation to its substratum, is a moral world-order. 1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 125 No man can pronounce..on the faults of a poem; till he has seen..the beauty of the poem as a Whole. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) II. vi. 210 How readily nations, considered as wholes, always yield to the spirit of the time. 1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 697 A close division in the committee might be reversed on appeal to the cabinet as a whole. 2000 Independent on Sunday 23 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 40/3 The attention now drawn to this homophobia means that we miss the crucial importance of hysterophobia in the theory as a whole. P4. the whole man, the whole person: a person considered in all aspects of his or her existence, as physical, intellectual, spiritual, etc.Now esp. with regard to the education or medical treatment of all aspects of a person; cf. holistic adj. ΚΠ 1526 W. Tyndale Prol. Epist. Rom. sig. a vii^v Paule calleth flesshe here..the whole man, wyth lyfe, soule, body, wytte, wyll reason, and whatsoever he is both wyth in and with oute. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. x. sig. Qq.iii^v/1 Originall sinne is the vice or deprauation of the whole man. 1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 422 To plow up thy Heart, and Harrow thy whole man. 1678 Young Man's Calling 72 The unhinging of the whole man from things of nobler worth toward God. a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. i. 5 The Obedience which God requires is impartial and universal, the Obedience of the whole Man. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 3 Our vices, whose deep taint With slow perdition murders the whole man, His body and his soul! 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! 1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost xiii. 377 Education is the formation of the whole man—intellect..character, mind, and soul. 1960 F. H. Hoffman et al. in Psychosomatics 1 249/2 Throughout the United States, concern with teaching about the whole man—‘holistic’ or comprehensive medicine—is a growing phenomenon in the medical school curriculum. 1991 Chron. Higher Educ. 9 Jan. b69/2 (advt.) Candidates are expected to demonstrate a commitment..to whole person education oriented to the adult student. 2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xviii. 239 The practice of spiritual healing, which uses the power of the spirit to balance and heal the whole person, takes several forms. P5. colloquial. whole-seas over: completely drunk. Also in shortened form whole-seas. Now rare. [Humorously after half-seas-over adj.] . ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > completely or very drunk drunk as a (drowned) mousea1350 to-drunka1382 as drunk as the devilc1400 sow-drunk1509 fish-drunk1591 swine-drunk1592 gone1603 far gone1616 reeling drunk1620 soda1625 souseda1625 blind1630 full1631 drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord1652 as full (or tight) as a tick1678 clear1688 drunk (dull, mute) as a fish1700 as drunk as David's sow or as a sow1727 as drunk as a piper1728 blind-drunkc1775 bitch foua1796 blootered1820 whole-seas over1820 three sheets in the wind1821 as drunk as a loon1830 shellaced1881 as drunk as a boiled owl1886 stinking1887 steaming drunk1892 steaming with drink1897 footless1901 legless1903 plastered1912 legless drunk1926 stinko1927 drunk as a pissant1930 kaylied1937 langers1949 stoned1952 smashed1962 shit-faced1963 out of (also off) one's bird1966 trashed1966 faced1968 stoned1968 steaming1973 langered1979 annihilated1980 obliterated1984 wankered1992 muntered1998 1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 267 ‘What the devil do you want, sir?’ cried Mr Moffat furiously, who was by this time nearly whole-seas over. 1821 Joseph the Book-man 85 Some, half-seas, like fools do swagger, While other some, whole-seas, do stagger. 1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 7 May All were now fairly whole seas over, though the sparkling vintage had not begun to flow. 1935 Observer 29 Sept. 17/4 The riotous charm with which Mr. Norman Shelley brings a rolling tar, whole seas over, into port. P6. chiefly British. whole-of-life. a. = whole-life adj. (a) at Compounds 1b. ΚΠ 1853 Rep. Select Comm. Assurance Assoc. 242 in Parl. Papers 1852–3 (H.C. 965) XXI. 1 The annual premium for a whole of life insurance is generally about 2l. when that for one year's insurance is 1l. 1930 W. Penman Advantages of Insurance v. 29 It has become..rather the fashion to deplore the fact that most of the policies issued in this country are on the endowment insurance plan, and that comparatively few policies are written on the whole of life plan. 2000 Investor Nov. 88/2 Everyone and their granny used to contribute..to..a whole-of-life policy to provide sufficient funds for their funeral. b. = whole-life adj. (b) at Compounds 1b. ΚΠ 1993 Advertiser (Adelaide) 10 July 2/2 ‘This man has done the ultimate robbery—..he has robbed us of our daughter...’ For committing that ‘robbery’, Garforth was given a rare whole-of-life sentence. 2004 P. Hodgkinson in Death Penalty: Beyond Abolition (Council of Europe) 178 Their lordships did extract a reassurance from the Home Secretary that such whole of life prisoners would continue to be regularly reviewed. P7. whole or part: full or partial; cf. in whole or in part at Phrases 3a(b). ΚΠ 1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 292 The evidence for Shakespeare's whole or part authorship. 1922 Foreign Commerce & Navigation (U.S. Bureau of Foreign & Domest. Commerce) p. v A vessel is reported as entered at the first port in the United States where the whole or part cargo is unladen. 1991 Antique Collector Dec. 77/1 In Britain, works of art..can be accepted by the Inland Revenue in whole or part settlement of an inheritance tax liability. P8. colloquial (originally U.S.). a whole lot: to a great extent or degree; very much. Chiefly modifying a comparative adjective or adverb. Cf. lot n. 18, deal n.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > to a great extent or by far great quantityc1330 far forthly1362 by farc1380 well awayc1390 by half?a1400 by mucha1450 far (and) away1546 by a great sort1579 to stand head and shoulders abovea1683 (by) a long way1741 by a jugful1831 by all odds1832 by a long, damn, etc., sight1834 out and away1834 (by) a long chalk1835 by chalks1835 by long chalks1835 by a street1886 a whole lot1886 1886 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 25 Oct. Fulton can swallow Stewart or any other Republican a whole lot easier than a Democrat. 1898 Argosy July 587 That will be a whole lot more simple than getting past the trocha afterwards. 1923 Liberty (Indiana) Herald 15 Nov. If people will keep in mind those lessons we can have this kind of a record a whole lot oftener. 1969 S. Coulter Embassy xi. 120 I like to figure you're my regular screw, see. A whole lot more exciting. 1988 Star (Tarrytown, N.Y.) 12 Apr. 39/1 She doesn't work a whole lot. 2007 C. Stross Halting State (2008) 52 The sea-cat ferry from Rotterdam to Edinburgh is a whole lot cheaper. P9. Education and Psychology. whole-or-none: designating a method of marking tests in which a candidate must get every part or answer right in order to be awarded a particular mark or score. Now historical and rare.Chiefly in Educational Psychology, with reference to the Binet–Simon method of establishing mental age, or its subsequent revisions. ΚΠ 1922 Elem. School Jrnl. 23 235 Partial credit may be given for the single tests as contrasted with the whole-or-none method of the Stanford Revision. 1927 P. B. Ballard New Examiner 183 In the whole-or-none method of marking there is nothing wrong. 2008 C. L. Kundu & D. N. Tutoo Educ. Psychol. (ed. 5) xv. 327 Instead of pursuing the whole-or-none method, it follows the part-method of awarding points to the testees for passing a part of the tests. P10. the whole caboodle: see caboodle n. the whole kit and boiling, caboodle, etc.: see kit n.¹ 3. the whole nine yards: see nine adj. 3e. the whole shoot: see shoot n.¹ 8. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. a. (a) Forming compounds used attributively with the sense ‘consisting of, made with, relating to, comprising, or occupying the or a whole —’, as whole-arm, whole-body, whole-day, whole-fruit, whole-house, etc.; (in sense A. 9) whole-leather, whole-worsted, etc. rare before 19th cent. ΚΠ 1410 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1410 §48. m. 7 Les quelles sount appellez an holworstedbed. 1607 ‘W. S.’ Puritaine i. 4 My fathers layde in dust his Coffin and he is like a whole-meate-pye, and the wormes will cut him vp shortlie. 1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 30 The haunting memory of those whole-day-leaves. 1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life xvi. 246 A grand, whole-arm movement. 1888 Wyman's Commerc. Encycl. 224 There is no more nutritious or palatable preserve in the world than a carefully-prepared whole-fruit jam. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 6/3 A whole-leather boot could not be honestly purchased under 7s. 11d. 1947 Radiology 49 283/1 To determine whether a daily dose of whole-body irradiation when given over a period of several hours produced the same injury as when given within minutes. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 8 (advt.) Your Trane Comfort Corps consultant is a full-time specialist in whole-house air conditioning. 1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. R13/1 There is..a vital need in primary schools to plan on a whole-school approach to achieve balanced and effective integration. 2002 Inquirer Mag. 5 May 25/1 Hover's version of a rarely imported Malaysian mackerel that he calls devil fish is one of the best whole-fish dishes around. (b) Forming parasynthetic adjectives. ΚΠ ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxv^v If thou bye ky or oxen to fede..loke well..that he..be hole mouthed and want no teth. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xii. f. 111^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Flies..whether they be cut wasted, or whole bodyed..are voyde of poyson. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ail masle, the Whole-headed Garlicke. a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) i. 2 He is whole skin'd, has no hurt yet. 1683 London Gaz. No. 1910/4 A new whole skirted Black Saddle having the Seat of Velvet and the Skirts of Hogs skin. 1767 Compl. Grazier xl. 215 When they [sc. rabbits] are full grown, they are said to be whole skinned (i.e. their fur is full grown). 1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 209 The first genus, which he calls ‘wholemouthed’..is my genus of ‘turbo’ among the..snails. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 660 If the carts are whole-bodied, the steward proceeds after the back-board is removed, to hawk out the dung; but if they are tilt or coup-carts [etc.]. 1882 Cent. Mag. June 244/1 Tim Byrne..spoken to—he, the one whole-coated farmer of the place. 1904 A. C. Bradley Shakespearean Trag. 313 A quick-witted though not whole-witted lad. 1967 Brain 90 610 The hand jerks in..and sweeps the food with a whole-handed pickup. 2001 J. van Maurik Writers on Leadership 35 Adair, by using case studies supported by historical examples and analogies from the arts, could be argued to have produced a ‘whole-brained’ definition. b. whole-brain adj. of or relating to the entire brain. ΚΠ 1939 Physiol. Rev. 19 149 (heading) O₂ uptake in μl..by 0.5 gram minced whole brain tissue. 1961 Lancet 21 Oct. 907/1 Whole-brain irradiation was used..to ensure that all the tumour was included in the volume irradiated. 1981 A. Zuboff in D. Hofstadter & D. Dennett Mind's I xii. 205 All those impulses which cross from one hemisphere to another during a whole-brain experience just can't make it across the gap that has been opened between them. 2012 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 23 Nov. 26 The method draws on the creative side of children's brains as well as exercising the logical side, bringing about what Mr Hancock calls ‘whole-brain thinking’. whole-cannon n. now historical [after demi-cannon n.; compare also later half adj. 8] a cannon of the largest bore, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 42 pounds (approx. 19 kg) or more; cf. demi-cannon n. a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces serpentinec1450 culverin1515 headstick1516 slang1521 sling1547 basilisk1549 basilc1565 Roaring Meg1575 serpitanta1578 whole culverin1577 cannon1587 whole-cannon1589 cannon pedro1625 royal mortar1761 Long Tom1812 serpent1830 twelve-incher1909 Big Bertha1914 big boy1917 Lizzie1925 1589 Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. 52 Verie much great ordinance, as whole Cannon, Dimi-Cannon, Culuerins and such like. 1723 E. Stone in tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments v. 147 Ordnance..an Eight-Pounder, a Demi-culverin, a Twelve-Pounder, a Whole-Culverin, a Twenty-four-Pounder, a Demi-Cannon, Bastard-Cannon, and a Whole-Cannon. 2010 A. May tr. O. van Nimwegen Dutch Army & Mil. Revol., 1588–1688 iii. 142 The States-General ordered the making of the casts for six whole-cannon, twelve demi-cannon and six 12-pounders. whole-cell adj. of or by whole cells; consisting of or involving whole cells. ΚΠ 1961 A. E. Mirsky & S. Osawa in J. Brachet & A. E. Mirsky Cell II. x. 749 A number of tests indicate that the thymus nuclear fractions are free of appreciable cytoplasmic or whole-cell contamination. 1993 L. Margulis et al. Illustr. Gloss. Protoctista p. xix/2 Often the fusion events are followed by programmed death, i.e., pycnosis..leading to nuclear or whole-cell disintegration. 2014 Contra Costa Times (California) (Nexis) 8 Aug. Acellular pertussis vaccines..cause fewer reactions than the whole-cell vaccines that preceded them. † whole-chase boot n. Obsolete a large riding boot. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > for specific purpose > for riding > types of whole-chase boot1656 jemmy1753 bota1828 troop-boot1885 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Whole-chase Boots, are whole hunting, or large riding Boots. 1769 E. Buys New & Compl. Dict. Terms Art II Whole Chase Boots, Winter Riding Boots, Hunting Boots, Laarzen, Stevels. † whole-chested adj. Obsolete having a healthy chest; (figurative) bold, loyal (cf. chest n.¹ 9b). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy > of specific parts unfootsore?a1500 whole-chested1576 well-blooded1615 regular1694 clean1733 peptic1827 eupeptic1831 competent1881 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective] holdc893 trueOE leala1300 truefula1350 faithfula1375 true-hearted1465 liege1478 well-wishing1548 allegiant1556 vowed1560 lewtifull1563 whole-chested1576 devotious1583 devote1597 loyal-hearted1599 devoted1600 resolved1600 real1639 fidelious1650 liegeful1872 1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi vi. f. 29 Thou art whole chested in the brest like an owle. 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Ded. 37 We are whole-chested, and our Breastes doe hold A single Hart, that is as good, as great. a1640 P. Massinger Guardian iv. i. 64 in 3 New Playes (1655) A well timbred youth..he's whole chested too. whole-colour adj. = whole-coloured adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome claurie1486 self1562 whole-coloured1605 concolour1646 unicolorate1657 unicolorous1657 self-coloured1682 single-coloured1703 unicolor1781 monocoloured1798 monochromic1803 unicoloured1811 concolorous1840 monochrome1849 one-coloured1854 monochromous1857 monochroous1857 monotoned1857 unicolour1860 solid1883 sole-coloured1885 monochroic1886 whole1892 whole-colour1896 single-colour1935 monocolour1955 mono1970 monotonal1973 1896 Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 1/2 The collection includes a series of whole-colour porcelain and soft paste blue and white. 1943 Times of India 27 Nov. 7/5 Whole colour coatings..have advanced to Rs. 2-8 to Rs. 2-8½ a lb. 2010 A. Gough & A. Thomas Breed Predispositions to Dis. in Dogs & Cats (ed. 2) 53/1 All coat colours affected, but more common in lines originating from whole colour ancestors. whole-coloured adj. of the same colour all over; cf. whole-colour adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome claurie1486 self1562 whole-coloured1605 concolour1646 unicolorate1657 unicolorous1657 self-coloured1682 single-coloured1703 unicolor1781 monocoloured1798 monochromic1803 unicoloured1811 concolorous1840 monochrome1849 one-coloured1854 monochromous1857 monochroous1857 monotoned1857 unicolour1860 solid1883 sole-coloured1885 monochroic1886 whole1892 whole-colour1896 single-colour1935 monocolour1955 mono1970 monotonal1973 1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 318 Iacob..set the particoloured sheepe before, and Labans whole coloured sheepe behinde. 1793 Monthly Rev. Sept. 19 If a bard appeared in his whole-coloured robe, even between armies in the heat of action, both parties would instantly desist. 1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 42 Scales whole-coloured or indistinctly two-coloured. 1907 R. Leighton's New Bk. Dog 429 The litter will consist of some whole-coloured blacks, and some whole-coloured whites. 2012 W. Linnenkohl & D. C. Knottenbelt in K. Coumbe Equine Vet. Nursing (ed. 2) i. 20/2 Some authorities require that chestnuts (horny deposits on insides of limbs) are marked on the forms for whole coloured or grey animals. wholecrop n. a crop in which the stem, leaves, and grain are harvested together, typically for use as animal feed; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops fleece1513 white crop1743 green crop1744 root crop1772 row crop1776 robber1777 mix-grass1778 breaking-crop1808 industrial crop1818 foliage crop1831 kharifa1836 scourge-crop1842 overcrop1858 by-crop1880 coppice-with-standards1882 sewage grass1888 trap-crop1899 cleaning crop1900 nurse crop1907 cover crop1909 smother crop1920 stoop crop1928 snatch crop1937 break crop1967 wholecrop1968 1968 Agriculture Apr. 157 The modern drier can dry almost any kind of greencrop, including such ‘unlikely’ crops as wholecrop beans and forage maize. 2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 38/2 Advice..that the area was not suited to maize and that he should grow whole-crop. 2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 8/2 I feed a lot of wholecrop in the late summer and early autumn. 2013 Wilts. Gaz. & Herald (Nexis) 28 Dec. This barley was made into wholecrop silage as it was so infested with blackgrass. whole culverin n. now historical [after demi-culverin n., first attested in the same source; compare also half adj. 8] a large culverin, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 18 pounds (approx. 8 kg); cf. demi-culverin n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces serpentinec1450 culverin1515 headstick1516 slang1521 sling1547 basilisk1549 basilc1565 Roaring Meg1575 serpitanta1578 whole culverin1577 cannon1587 whole-cannon1589 cannon pedro1625 royal mortar1761 Long Tom1812 serpent1830 twelve-incher1909 Big Bertha1914 big boy1917 Lizzie1925 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1868/2 Fourteene whole Culuerins. 1822 W. James Naval Hist. Great Brit. I. 18 The whole culverin and demi-culverin became subsequently the 18, and the 9 pounder. 2007 J. Kinard Artillery ii. 53 The two basic sizes were the demiculverin, firing an 8-pound ball, and the full-sized or whole culverin, firing an 18-pound projectile. whole-eared adj. now rare (a) having the ears whole or uncut; (b) listening intently, ‘with all one's ears’ (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury > specific unhewna1400 unstangeda1400 uncutc1426 unbirsed1435 unpricked1561 unpoisoned1579 unvenued1581 unwrung1604 unbruiseda1616 unstung1615 unbraineda1627 pierce-free1629 whole-eared1681 unscalped1726 bite-free1730 unembowelleda1731 unbleeding1812 unlamed1839 undrugged1868 undislocated1876 unjabbed1891 unshot1897 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [adjective] > listening > listening intently whole-eared1681 wide-eared1866 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > listening attentively listeninga1275 attending1599 whole-eared1681 on or upon the listen1788 wide-eared1866 ear-bending1912 1681 London Gaz. No. 1633/4 A large light Brindle Mastiff Dog,..whole-Ear'd. 1781 T. R. Nash Coll. Hist. Worcestershire I. p. lxxiv If there be any swine then found whole eared..they shall be forfeited, and the lord shall have two parts, and the chief forester the third part. 1826 N. T. Carrington Dartmoor Pref. p. xxxiii All whole eared cattle, found at any time in the forest, are also forfeited. 1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder. 1962 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 19 Oct. 7/2 He said grinding the whole-eared corn for silo was new for them this year. whole-earther n. (also with capital initials) colloquial a person who is actively concerned about the protection or preservation of natural resources and wildlife; an environmentalist. [ < Whole Earth in Whole Earth Catalog (name of a magazine and product catalogue published periodically in the United States from 1968) + -er suffix¹. In quot. 1970 quoting an article in the periodical (January 1970, 23/1).] ΚΠ 1970 Area 2 9 ‘They lead..right into the dead end meat grinder,’ as a Whole-Earther bluntly put it. 1975 Times 5 Aug. 12/7 The ‘amenity lobby’..includes a new wave of ‘whole earthers’: notably the Conservation Society founded in 1966..and Friends of the Earth. 2010 Star Phoenix (Saskatoon, Sask.) (Nexis) 19 Jan. a3 Environmentally safe when used responsibly—whole-earthers use it [sc. lye] in their..homemade soaps. whole enchilada n. slang (chiefly North American) (with the) a thing in its entirety; the whole situation; everything, ‘the works’. ΚΠ 1951 Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) 22 Oct. 4/4 Who started the expression, ‘the whole enchilada’? 1960 Los Angeles Times 6 Mar. d8 Indeed it is, complete with swimming, hiking, tennis—the whole enchilada. 1993 Network June 42/2 Groove is key, but it's not the whole enchilada. 2003 Time Out N.Y. 14 Aug. 90/1 It was originally released in the U.S. with one story missing; here's your chance to see the whole enchilada. whole-eyed adj. having the eyes wide open; staring intently; (of a look) intent. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > staring or gazing gloringa1400 staring1483 glowering?a1513 gazing1553 gauring1558 gawish1567 gazeful1595 gawking1817 gazy1883 whole-eyed1911 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > observing closely narrow-eyed1600 examining1649 sharp-eyed1672 wide-eyed1789 whole-eyed1911 1911 ‘M. Field’ Dian i. iv, in Trag. Pardon 170 Such talisman As in a little lake kept Charlemagne gazing Whole-eyed before it while the day went on. 1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder. a2001 J. Still From Mountain, from Valley (2005) 86 Death hovering over pin-feathered squab With whole-eyed glance upon an infertile egg. whole-feather n. now rare a variety of pigeon distinguished by having all its feathers the same colour. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types porcelainc1530 turn-pate1611 light horseman1661 runt1661 smiter1668 helmet1676 mammet1678 Cortbeck1688 turbit1688 turner1688 dragoon1725 finicking1725 Leghorn1725 nun1725 owl1725 petit1725 trumpeter1725 horseman1735 Mahomet1735 barbel1736 turn-tail1736 frill-back1765 blue rock1825 beard1826 ice pigeon1829 toy1831 black1839 skinnum1839 splash1851 whole-feather1851 spangle1854 swallow1854 shield1855 stork pigeon1855 Swabian1855 yellow1855 archangel1867 dragon1867 starling1867 magpie1868 smerle1869 bluette1870 cumulet1876 oriental1876 spot fairy1876 turbiteen1876 blondinette1879 hyacinth1879 Modena pigeon1879 silver-dun1879 silverette1879 silver-mealy1879 swift pigeon1879 Victoria1879 visor1879 ice1881 swallow pigeon1881 velvet fairy1881 priesta1889 frill1890 1851 J. M. Eaton Treat. Almond Tumbler 11 The amazing power of the Almond Tumbler to throw all shades of colour—whole feather, agate, splash, broken, or spangle, is one of the chief causes. 1879 L. Wright Pract. Pigeon Keeper 118 A Splash..may often be mated to advantage with a Whole-feather. 1916 Jrnl. Brit. Dairy Farmers' Assoc. 30 175 The adult whole feather or whole-feathered Agate, as well as the 1915 class in the same colours, were exceedingly fine. whole-feathered adj. (of a pigeon or other bird) having all its feathers the same colour. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular or same colour feathers white-feathered1583 whole-feathered1683 sultry1783 1683 London Gaz. No. 1799/4 A large black Mayled, whole Feathered, and thorough mewed Falcon. 1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons vi. 195 I have referred to whole-feathered fantails, such as white, black, blue, silver, red, and yellow. 1973 Amer. Pigeon Jrnl. 536/1 There is also the Whole-feathered Agate; which shows no white on the surface of its plumage. whole-genome adj. of or relating to the entire genome of an organism, or the majority of it. ΚΠ 1979 Jrnl. Math. Biol. 7 220 This report describes a novel method of nucleotide sequence analysis, which is particularly suited for whole genome analysis. 2006 Science 24 Mar. 1768/3 (caption) Whole-genome alignment showing the positions of orthologous genes. 2012 Time 24 Dec. 44/2 The cost for an individual's whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is $7,500 and falling fast. whole holiday n. now chiefly historical [after half-holiday n.] a full (working) day observed or given as a holiday; cf. half-holiday n. 2.holiday, without qualification, is now the usual term. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > day or night holidaya1400 play-day1558 playing day1575 non Le1636 whole holiday1753 rest day1800 Sunday out1837 day off1853 evening out1870 stop-day1879 night off1885 night out1890 off1926 1753 E. Moore World 31 May 131 A whole holiday is granted to the school in consideration of the merit of the copy of verses which is adjudged the best. 1834 Factories Inq. Comm.: Suppl. Rep. Employm. Children in Factories ii. C.1. 291 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 167) XX. 1 They have six whole holidays and four half holidays in the year, besides Sundays. 1917 E. Ferber Fanny Herself xviii. 304 She had given the maid a whole holiday. 2001 D. Bray Hong Kong Metamorph. ii. 20 The school had a custom of having two whole holidays about a month after the beginning of term and a month before the end. whole-hoofed adj. (also whole-hooved) now historical having undivided (uncloven) hooves; cf. whole-footed adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) > [adjective] > having undivided hoofs whole-hoofed1553 whole-footed1607 firm-hoofed1646 solidungulous1650 soliped1656 solipedous1686 solidipedous1712 solidungular1819 solidungulate1839 solid-hoofed1842 solipedal1882 solid-hooved1910 1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 16/2 Whole hooued, solipes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlvi. 351 In some parts of Sclavonia, the Swine are not cloven-footed, but whole houfed [L. solidas habent ungulas]. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 187 The Quadrupeda, whereof some are μονώνυχα, whole-hooft, such as Asses, Mules, Horses. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. 198 A Family..to which he has given the ancient appellation of Soliped or whole hoofed. 2011 E. H. Jarow in S. J. Rosen Food Soul i. 4 Manu..gives a long list of animals that cannot be eaten (carnivorous birds, whole-hoofed animals, parrots, and fish, to name a few). whole language n. Education an approach to teaching children basic language skills which emphasizes contextual language use, rather than traditional instruction in phonics, grammar, spelling, etc. ΚΠ 1973 Reading Res. Q. 8 489 Youngsters have built their perceptual categories from whole language and not by learning each phoneme in isolation or in syllables.] 1977 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 15 Feb. Ms. Renault's address was titled ‘A Whole Language Approach to a Basal Reading Lesson’. 1985 Lang. Arts Nov. 717 Whole language..goes beyond the simple delineation of a series of teaching strategies to describe a shift in the way in which teachers think about and practice their art. 2004 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 29 Dec. a18 Theories such as ‘whole language’ (children need only understand concepts, not spelling or grammar)..have failed to deliver. whole-leaved adj. [compare post-classical Latin integrifolius (1588 or earlier)] having leaves that are simple or entire. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. viii. 326 The single, or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.] 1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 503 Whole-leaved Water hemp Agrimony. 1906 M. V. Slingerland Bronze Birch Borer 73 A cut-leaved birch was killed before a tree of the whole-leaved form only a rod or two distant showed any signs of being infested. 1912 H. H. Thomas Garden at Home xxvi. 185 A scattering of lime and soot, or a little Vaporite or Kilogrub dug into the soil, usually suffices to ensure a whole-leaved plant, especially if a search [for slugs] is occasionally made with a lantern. 2005 W. B. Logan Oak 280 There are small-, whole-leaved deciduous oaks, and huge-, lobed-leaved evergreen oaks. whole-life adj. (a) Insurance designating life insurance which pays a specified amount only on the death of the person insured, and for which the premiums are usually payable each year until such time; of or relating to such insurance; (b) British designating a judicial sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole; relating to or subject to such a sentence. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [adjective] > insurance policy types tontine1790 whole-life1832 term1834 floating1839 all risks1885 third party1901 non-profit1905 knock for knock1906 stamped1913 warehouse to warehouse1922 without-profit(s)1924 with-profit(s)1924 loaded1928 unit-linked1966 no-fault1967 new-for-old1984 critical illness1986 1832 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 4 Dec. 1/1 The rates of premium for a Whole Life Policy being too high to admit of their securing a sufficiently large amount in case of death. 1895 Sat. Rev. 26 Oct. 546/1 The compound bonus..seems low by comparison with the liberal treatment accorded to whole-life insurers. 1920 E. B. Fackler Notes Life Insurance xii. 90 A man entering at the age of 25 will be given $76 of whole life insurance for 5 cents a week. 1978 Ebony Oct. 109/1 Term premiums keep going up with age and will at some point become higher than the whole life premium. 1994 Independent (Nexis) 3 Apr. 11 Despite the failure of the Home Secretary, Michael Howard, to win Cabinet backing for ‘whole life’ sentences last week, he has written to John Major with a list of 20 murderers he has decided must stay in jail until the end of their natural lives. 2013 D. Kennedy Five Days 95 I sold him a whole life policy last year, which pays out five percent above the deductible. 2013 A. Baker Life Imprisonm. iii. 32 A number of whole life prisoners have been trying to challenge their tariff in the European Court of Human Rights. whole-minded adj. (a) of sound mind, sane, rational; (b) giving one's whole mind to something, completely interested or involved. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [noun] > condition of whole-mindedness1528 intentiveness1561 intentness1642 undistractedness1660 fascination1768 concentrativeness1823 preoccupancy1830 absorbedness1833 concentratedness1835 engrossment1838 raptness1856 fixedness1863 absorbancy1909 1528 T. Wyatt tr. Plutarch Quyete of Mynde sig. a.iv Onely of them that are hole mynded [L. mentis compotes], that long afore prepared, they may be long moost profytable. 1657 G. Hutcheson Expos. John (xiv. 1) 279/2 Christs dearest disciples and true followers..were troubled perplexed and confounded. So that whole minded men have need to look about them. 1817 E. O'Reilly Irish-Eng. Dict. Uileinntineach, whole-minded, unreserved. 1842 F. Byrdsall Hist. Loco-foco iv. 64 The reading of the foregoing letter..was warmly received, because there was a whole-minded frankness in it. 1920 A. C. Buckley Basis of Psychiatry ii. x. 413 The whole-minded ‘aged’ persons who seem to furnish the exceptions are in reality regarded as examples of normal senility. 2007 M. Deutscher Judgm. after Arendt ii. v. 65 Being divided against itself, the self cannot be whole-hearted or whole-minded in what it pronounces. whole-mindedness n. (a) complete interest or involvement; (b) mental health; balance of mind. ΚΠ 1813 J. J. Gurney Jrnl. 31 Oct. in Mem. (1902) vi. 105 Now is the time for whole mindedness and industry. 1884 H. Varley Terse Talk on Timely Topics 69 A temporary residence in an asylum might be useful as affording a season for reflection and return to wholemindedness. 1906 Lit. World 15 Nov. 504/2 Whilst admitting..the great spirit and immense intellectuality of the woman, he cannot but feel..a lack of sincerity, of whole-mindedness. 1968 D. Krook in P. King & B. C. Parekh Politics & Experience xi. 327 The kibbutz people enjoy it with a peculiar intensity, whole-heartedness and whole-mindedness of enjoyment. 2002 M. Robinson Peace between Sheets viii. 138 Another source, A Course in Miracles, also declares that relationships are God's plan for restoring us to whole-mindedness. whole moulding n. Shipbuilding a method of ship design in which the shape of the frame at the midship section of the hull is determined first, with those of the frames at other sections being derived from this via incremental modifications.Although the number of different forms of hull which can be produced in this way is limited, whole moulding continues to be used as a traditional method for building small vessels. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > methods of construction or working housing in1627 whole moulding1711 anchor stock fashion1780 bracket system1874 shadow-building1891 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 80 This Fashion is call'd Whole Moulding. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 159 By whole-moulding, no more is narrowed at the floor than at the main breadth. 2005 F. V. de Castro Pepper Wreck iii. 35 All whole-molding methods share one feature: the shape of a number of frames is predesigned. whole note n. Music †(a) [compare Latin and French parallels cited at whole tone n.] = whole tone n.; cf. half note n. 1a (obsolete); (b) [compare French note entiere (1681 or earlier)] a semibreve, as the longest note in ordinary use (now U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone whole note1574 second1597 tone1609 whole tone1636 note1762 deuce1829 1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 6 A marke, betokenyng a whole note vpon euery stryng opon. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v A whole note is that which the Latines call integer tonus, and is that distance which is betwixt any two notes, except mi & fa. 1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 250 The Difference of [a Fourth and Fifth] they agreed to call a Tone; which we now call a Whole note. 1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 75 There has been a contrivance in this organ for transposing half a note, a whole note, or a flat third, higher. 1834 L. Mason Man. Boston Acad. Mus. 46 If eight notes are sung to one beat, thirty-two will occur to one whole note. These are called thirty seconds, [demisemiquavers]. 1860 W. Woodman Singing at Sight made Easy x. 332 A Major Seventh, containing five whole notes and a semitone, or eleven semitones. 1973 T. Karp Dict. Music 266/1 Around 1250 a diamond-shaped note was used for a third, still smaller value, called a semibreve (the equivalent of a modern whole note). 2012 J. Magee Irving Berlin's Amer. Musical Theatre iv. 126 The refrain opens, too, with a clear case of ‘eye music’—in the score, the melody's whole notes look like pearls. whole number rule n. Physics the empirical rule that the atomic weights of isotopes are close to being whole numbers; cf. Prout's hypothesis n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > theory or law of anomœomery1678 atomic theory1755 Dulong and Petit's law1863 Rutherford's formula1906 whole number rule1920 Bohr('s) theory1923 string theory1975 superstring theory1975 1919 F. W. Aston in Nature 18 Dec. 393/2 Of more than forty different values of atomic and molecular mass so far measured all, without a single exception, fall on whole numbers.] 1920 Nature 15 July 619/2 This exception from the whole number rule is not unexpected. 1950 Studies 39 9 There is, however, a small residual difference from the ‘whole-number rule’. 2010 M. Wolfsberg et al. Isotope Effects i. 21 (caption) From the results he was able to formulate the Whole Number Rule. whole plate n. Photography (now chiefly historical) a photographic plate having standard dimensions of 8¹/ ₂ inches by 6 ¹/ ₂ (approx. 21.6 cm by 16.5); cf. plate n. 21. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > plate > types of screen plate1843 whole plate1850 quarter-plate1854 wet plate1859 stripping-film1885 gelatin dry plate1890 panchromatic1906 1850 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 28 Dec. 2/5 Mr. North has just received a whole plate German Camera..which is the only one in this city. 1917 Camera June 319/1 For enlarging from the whole-plates I arranged a support for a camera inside a small window in the dark-room. 2004 Digital Photographer No. 24. 27/3 Other cameras in his kit bag include a Gandolfi whole plate camera..and a 6 x 12 Horseman. whole pull n. Campanology [after half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2, first attested in the same source] a handstroke followed by a backstroke (or vice versa); cf. half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2.Formerly in plural with singular agreement. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific set peal16.. grandsire1668 whole pull1668 bob1671 peal1671 course1677 set changes1677 single1684 single change1688 Plain Bob1702 Stedman1731 Superlative Surprise1788 touch1788 triple1798 triple bob major1809 maximus1813 royal1813 call changes1837 slam1854 cater1872 cinques1872 triple change1872 plain hunt1874 plain hunting1874 quarter peal1888 method1901 short course1904 1668 Tintinnalogia 54 Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke,..so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time. 1788 W. Jones et al. Clavis Campanalogia iii. 20 Every time half hunt lays down her whole pull behind, call a bob, and this method with three bobs completes the peal. 1872 H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Church in Church Bells Devon iii. 228 A ‘whole pull’ includes swinging the bell round twice, off from the balance, and round up to the balance again... In whole-pull ringing each bell makes a whole pull to every change. 1999 Independent on Sunday 26 Dec. 18 Two whole pulls and we'll stand on the hand-stroke. whole roasted adj. (of meat, nuts, etc.) roasted complete rather than cut up into pieces prior to roasting. ΚΠ 1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 48 They will consecrate vnto thee a wild whole roasted Buffle, and therewith sing an excellent hymne. 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 148. ⁋1 A whole roasted Ox, (which was certainly the best Way to preserve the Gravy). 1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xxviii. 117 The third side-course..was goodliest of all:—whole-roasted elephants, rhinoceroses, and hippopotamuses, stuffed with boiled ostriches, condors, cassowaries, turkeys. 1949 Washington Post 21 Jan. c16/3 Peanut butter sandwiches..garnished with halves of whole roasted peanuts. 2010 M. R. Poole et al. Frommer's San Francisco 2011 vi. 134 You'll find better known traditional items such as braised beef short ribs, whole-roasted rabbit and a variety of well-prepared seafood. whole-rock adj. Geology relating to or involving the use of a complete rock sample in a procedure, rather than one or more of its constituent minerals. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [adjective] > rock sample mesoscopic1957 whole-rock1960 1960 K. I. Mayne in A. A. Smales & L. R. Wager Methods Geochem. vi. 163 Whole rock analysis still remains to be an established technique of sufficient precision for many geological problems. 1979 A. W. Hofmann in E. Jäger & J. C. Hunziker Lect. Isotope Geol. 215 The evidence for a Caledonian age of the pre-Hercynian gneisses rests in part on two whole-rock Rb-Sr isochrons. 2008 E. W. Sawyer Atlas Migmatites 34/1 Whole-rock composition is commonly used to classify rocks. whole-sail adj. designating a wind in which a ship (esp. a yacht) can safely carry full sail (full sail n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > allowing specific sails to be carried topsail cole1390 loom1600 reef-topsail1693 topgallant1697 whole-sail1824 1824 J. F. Cooper Pilot III. i. 8 I gave the frigate my topsails, in beating out of the Chesapeake..I could always do it, in smooth water, with a whole-sail-breeze. 1885 Sat. Rev. 3 Jan. 11/1 The heeling occurs only in strong whole-sail winds. 1997 D. R. Mac Gregor Schooner (2001) 120 The Illustrated London News had some splendid engravings..of the races with the vessels often at close quarters in whole-sail breezes. whole shift n. Music (now historical and rare) a movement of the fingers down the fingerboard of a stringed instrument (esp. a violin), so that the index finger is in the position of the third finger in the ordinary (or first) position (see shift n. 15a); now usually called third position; cf. half-shift n. at half adj. Compounds 2. ΚΠ c1765 tr. C. Tessarini Accurate Method to attain Art of playing Violin ii. 8 Scale for the Violin upon the half and whole Shifts. 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII. at Shift The first, or whole shift, is placing the first finger where the third was. 1906 Musical Times 47 666/2 After this, advance the hand on the finger-board to the whole-shift. 1972 S. M. Nelson Violin & Viola v. 106 Both he [sc. Geminiani] and Mozart advocate the use of second position (called the half-shift; third position was the whole shift). whole silk n. [after post-classical Latin holoserica garment made entirely of silk (5th cent.), use as noun of feminine of holosericus made entirely of silk (4th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek ὁλοσηρικός of silk < ancient Greek ὅλος whole (see holo- comb. form) + Hellenistic Greek σηρικός of silk (see Seric adj.)] fabric consisting entirely of silk; a type or piece of this; cf. half-silk n. at half adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > whole silk whole silk1662 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxii. 246 The tongue is cloathed with a fimbrious or seamy coat like unto whole silk [L. Holoserici]. 1735 London Daily Post 17 Dec. One of the instances of the Luxury and Profuseness of Heliogabalus [was] that his Cloaths were made of whole Silk. 1840 Athenæum 30 May 427/1 About the beginning of the last century silk began to be mixed with woollen,..and some pieces of whole silk were occasionally wrought. 1901 W. Ashburner Rhodian Sea-law p. cclxii C. 40..fixes the proportions which they are to pay: one-tenth of gold, one-fifth of silver, and one-tenth of whole silks or pearls. 2010 X. Liu Silk Road in World Hist. v. 99 In Baghdad, the caliph's tiraz factories made tiraz-inscribed robes of honor from whole silk. whole-souled adj. originally U.S. = wholehearted adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [adjective] needfulOE anguishous?c1225 eager?a1300 throc1330 fierce1377 desirousc1386 affectuousa1400 yeverousa1400 inwardc1402 earnestful?1406 rathe?c1450 zealing1459 increc1480 affectual1483 zealous1526 affectioneda1533 jealous1535 heartyc1540 affectivec1550 earnest1563 pricking1575 forward1587 affectionate1598 passiveless1602 zealful1602 full-hearteda1616 wholehearted1644 intense1645 high1649 covetous1652 thorough-hearted1656 keen as mustard1659 fell1667 fervent1673 smirk1674 zealed1679 prest1697 strenuous1713 enthusiastic1741 enthusiastical1755 whole-souled1821 con amore1828 lyrical1875 mustard1919 gung ho1942 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [adjective] > absorbed, engrossed absolute1483 rapta1500 wrapped1548 full1578 bewrapped1589 immerse1626 wholehearted1644 undistracted1659 absorpt1697 wrapped (up) in1711 deep1735 absorbed1763 undiverted1798 unindifferent1813 whole-souled1821 absorbing1825 wrapped1884 hung-up on1966 1821 S. P. Waldo Life & Char. S. Decatur v. 60 He thus addressed the whole-souled tars of the ship. 1893 F. W. L. Adams New Egypt 209 A most vigorous and whole-souled resentment. 1944 A. F. Tyler Freedom's Ferment i. 41 The whole-souled young reformers of this period..threw their energies into social reform. 2013 N.Y. Times 21 July br14 Her patriotism was whole-souled, ferocious and probably the only uncomplicated thing about her. † whole-steal n. Obsolete theft of something in its entirety, or on a large scale; wholesale theft.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] > wholesale whole-steal1649 1649 P. Lightfoot Battell with Waspes Nest 42 Whom you have so unworthily used, as to steale his arguments by whole-steale and never to owne him. whole stitch n. Lacemaking [after half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2] a bobbin-lace stitch in which the threads are interlaced as though weaving cloth; also called cloth stitch; cf. half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > loops or stitches purl1564 jours1865 punto a maglia1865 whole stitch1870 fibre-stitch1882 hollie stitch1882 star1882 streak stitch1882 Venetian stitch1882 leadwork1900 Kat stitch1919 1870 Englishwoman's Domest. Mag. 1 May 298/1 I do not think that any one, however clever at needlework, could find out ‘whole’ stitch or ‘half stitch’..without a hint or two from a clever teacher. 1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making xi. 187 It is made of whole stitch and there is only an edge on the outside. 2008 G. Ward Grove Encycl. Materials & Techniques in Art 313/2 Whole stitch creates a dense clothwork or toilé, comparable to a tabby-woven textile. † whole-stone adj. Obsolete rare designating lime to which water has not yet been added to form calcium hydroxide; not slaked; cf. quicklime n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > lime materials > [adjective] > slaked > not unsleckedc1386 unquenched?c1425 unsleaked1526 unblushed?1548 unslaked1598 unslissed1598 unslacked1656 unslake1660 whole-stone1703 in shells1799 1703 Churchwardens' Accts. Bucknall, Lincs. (MS) 3 Chalden of wholestone Lime. whole-time adv. and adj. now chiefly South Asian (a) adv. for the customary full number of working hours; full-time; (b) adj. occupying all a person's working time, or the total normal working hours; full-time; (of a person) employed on a full-time basis. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [adjective] > while something lasts or during alongOE whole-time1837 1837 St. James's Chron. 15 Apr. 5/6 One mill-owner has proposed to his hands to choose whether they will work half-time, or work whole time upon a reduction of wages. 1865 H. Fawcett Econ. Position Brit. Labourer iii. 113 The children who are at school half the day and are at work the remaining half,..really do more work in a day than used to be done by those children who were employed whole time. 1872 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 2 Apr. 2/3 That fourteen instead of thirteen years should be the age at which whole-time work might be undertaken. 1906 Athenæum 13 Oct. 421/3 The Inspector of Colleges..will be a whole-time officer of the University. 1918 Act 8 Geo. V. c. 5 Sched. i. §4 Engaged in whole-time work..of national importance. 1984 Times of India 20 Oct. 5/4 Sixteen out of the 35 members of the U.P. Congress committee executive have offered to work whole-time. 2013 Pakistan Perspectives (Nexis) 30 June Hangal was sacked. Thereafter he became a whole time worker of the Party. whole-timer n. (a) (now chiefly South Asian) a person who works full time; cf. full-timer n. 2; (b) a child who attends school during the whole of the school hours; cf. full-timer n. 1 (now historical). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who works at specific time or hours night worker1601 daysman?1614 nightman1620 dayworker1802 dayman1821 full-timer1839 whole-timer1840 all-night man1861 part-timer1886 all-timer1891 over-timer1910 Saturdayite1932 nine-to-fiver1945 1840 H. S. Chapman in Rep. Assistant Hand-loom Weavers Commissioners: Pt. II 528 in Parl. Papers (H.L. 14) XXVII. 1 The ‘half-timers’ will earn 1s. 9d. to 2s., and the ‘whole-timers’ 3s. 9d. to 4s. 9d. 1856 Minutes Comm. Council Educ. 1855–6 480 I would divide each class into two divisions, whole-timers and half-timers. 1909 C. E. Woodruff Expansion of Races xii. 185 Factory employees work half the day and go to school the other half, and they make better progress than the whole timers who are really kept in school more hours per day than is good for them. 2013 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 20 Oct. After grade seven, I quit school and started working as a whole-timer to master the skills of stone-carving and inlay (Pietra dura) work. whole tone n. Music a melodic interval (interval n. 5) equal to two semitones, the largest interval in the ordinary scales; a major second; cf. whole note n. (a), tone n. 4a. [Probably after post-classical Latin tonus integer and tonus totus (both 6th cent. in Boethius). Compare French ton entier (c1400 in Middle French).] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone whole note1574 second1597 tone1609 whole tone1636 note1762 deuce1829 1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. ii. 12 Whereas dhe rest ar all whole tones. 1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. 2849/2 A redundant second, composed of a whole tone, and a minor semitone. 1853 A. H. Wehrhan tr. A. B. Marx Universal School Music v. 35 A whole tone consists of two sounds belonging to two adjacent degrees, between which there is one intermediate sound... Thus, c and d form a whole tone, for they belong to two adjacent degrees, whilst there is another sound, c sharp or d flat, between them. 1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 26 The ninths and elevenths and whole-tone chords that form the stock-in-trade of Debussy's early mannered style. 2010 R. L. Smith Appalachian Dulcimer Trad. (ed. 2) i. 6 It [sc. the dulcimer] is fretted in a pattern of whole tones and halftones that matches the pattern of whole tones and halftones that constitutes the major scale. whole-tone scale n. Music a scale which divides the octave into six equal steps, each a whole tone apart. [Compare German Ganztonleiter and Ganztonskala (both 1904 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > other scales hendecachord1761 pentachord1786 Scotch scale1786 maqam1793 pelog1817 harmonic scale1880 whole-tone scale1900 pentatonic1909 harmonic series1910 blues scale1939 1900 C. W. Grimm Simple Method Mod. Harmony iv. 135 Compare Ex. 86, from Liszt's Dante Symphony, where the bass moves in a whole tone scale. 1977 Time 21 Mar. 62/3 His inclusion of..the whole-tone scale from the Orient (more than half a century before Debussy) suggests that he was exceptionally curious and openminded. 2001 C. Christiansen Jazz Scales for Guitar 75 The whole-tone scale..is made up entirely of whole steps. Because of its construction, every other note can be the root of the scale. This means there are only two whole-tone scales that contain different notes. whole-word adj. originally and chiefly Education of or relating to an entire word or entire words, esp. with regard to a method of teaching reading in which learners are taught to recognize entire words, as opposed to associating a letter or group of letters with a particular speech sound (cf. whole language n.); (also) designating this method of teaching. ΚΠ 1939 Elem. School Jrnl. 39 507 If a teacher is planning to emphasize chiefly whole-word recognition without analysis, it is more important for her to know the pupil's status on word-recognition tests. 1964 P. A. D. MacCarthy in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 157 This in turn facilitates the recognition of whole-word patterns. 1991 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 29 319 Whole word slips usually involve the substitution of a target word by another word in the same utterance. 2007 Clover (S. Carolina) Herald (Nexis) 6 Sept. A lot of schools teach a method called ‘whole language’ or ‘balanced literacy’, where they use the whole word method like in the Dick and Jane books. C2. Compounds of the adverb with past participial adjectives. whole-bred adj. of pure breeding (opposed to half-bred adj. 1); cf. sense A. 9b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [adjective] > kept for breeding > of good breed gentle?a1300 generous1594 well-bred1607 whole-bred1667 well-strained1710 standardbred1874 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor > inbreeding > inbred line whole-bred1667 inbred1888 1667 J. Raymond Folly in Print 83 A frozen dish-clout fore-head Which reacheth to her Crown-a, But if you'l spie, Her hole-bred eye Then come a great way down-a. 1784 Ann. Agric. 2 156 The cows and other cattle whole bred. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. p. xxi A whole-bred Southdown fat wether. 1912 W. T. Grenfell et al. Labrador p. xii (caption) Whole-bred Eskimo dogs. 2005 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 19 Feb. 79 It is hard to escape the claims of Lothian Rising in the second Maiden Race. This whole-bred seven-year-old has very few miles on the clock. whole-moulded adj. Shipbuilding (now historical and rare) relating to or constructed using whole moulding. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > shaped to specific mould > whole-moulded whole-moulded1754 1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation ii. ii. 139 This may be formed by fixing a point for the aftermost timber that is whole moulded. 2004 F. M. Hocker in F. M. Hocker & C. A. Ward Philos. Shipbuilding v. 84/1 Once English and French shipwrights had solved the problems inherent in whole molded design methods..they replaced the Dutch as the dominant shipbuilders of Europe. C3. Compounds of the noun. whole working n. Coal Mining the extraction of coal from a seam not previously worked in any way; cf. sense B. 4. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mine by type of operation stream-work1586 opencast?a1650 lavatory1712 lavadero1717 coffin1778 whole working1842 open cut1848 dry- or wet-diggings1849 river diggings1850 placer digging1851 placer working1867 drift mine1882 strip mine1934 1842 Children's Employm. Comm.: 1st Rep.: Mines 57 in Parl. Papers XV. 1 In the first working or whole working the men use candles exclusively, and are safe in so doing. 1914 T. C. Cantrill Coal Mining vii. 96 This operation is known as ‘whole-working,’ i.e. working in the whole or unbroached seam. 2003 C. A. Brown We were All Slaves iii. 113 If the entire coal-bearing area was divided into pillars before any extraction occurred, it was called whole working. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). wholev. Brit. /həʊl/, U.S. /hoʊl/ Forms: Old English halian, early Middle English hale, Middle English hole, Middle English hool, Middle English hoole, 1600s 1800s– whole; N.E.D. (1924) also records a form 1500s hole. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: whole adj. Etymology: < whole adj. Compare heal v.¹ and hale v.²In Old English (Northumbrian) the prefixed form gehālia (compare y- prefix) is attested (in an isolated occurrence) in the sense ‘to save’ (see quot. OE¹ at sense 1c). rare after Middle English. 1. a. intransitive. To become whole (whole adj. 1a); to recover from illness; (of a wound, etc.) to heal.In quot. 1999 perhaps punning on to hole up (cf. hole v.¹ 7). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover or be healed [verb (intransitive)] wholeeOE botenc1225 cover1297 amendc1325 recovera1375 warisha1386 recovera1387 healc1390 recurec1400 soundc1402 mendc1440 convalesce1483 guarish1489 restore1494 refete?a1505 revert1531 to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs1589 cure1597 recruit1644 to perk upa1656 retrieve1675 to pick up1740 to leave one's bed1742 to sit up and take nourishment1796 to get round1798 to come round1818 to pull through1830 rally1831 to fetch round1870 to mend up1877 to pull round1889 recoup1896 recuperate1897 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. xxiii. 326 Þa he [sc. the wounded man] ða ongon trumian & haligan [L. sanescere], þa bebead he þæt hine mon gebunde. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxxii. 190 Hyt [sc. þæt sar] sceal berstan & halian [?a1200 Harl. 6258B hala]. ?c1450 in Anglia (1896) 18 301 (MED) Of cler hony and rye-flour late bake a kake..And ley't to þe hole of þe festeryd sor..And so it schal holyn. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 15 (MED) Þe oolde feble man schal vse þis deuyn drynk..and wiþinne a fewe dayes he schal so hool þat he schal fele him silf of þe statt and þe strenkþe of xl ȝeer. 1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 517 The wounds whole not. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘It wholes up badly’, the wound does not heal well. 1999 N. Ellis Feasts of Light 11/2 Curl up with a magical book. Tell yourself you are ‘wholing’ up. b. transitive. To make whole; to heal (a wound), cure (a disease), etc.In Old English apparently only in passive. Such examples could alternatively be interpreted as showing active intransitive use (i.e. sense 1a) with the auxiliary verb be. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person or part wholeeOE healc1000 betterOE i-sundienc1175 salvea1225 botenc1225 savea1250 warishc1250 recurea1382 curec1384 mendc1390 remedya1470 cheerc1540 loosea1637 to pull through1816 rehab1973 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxv. 66 Lege þas sealfe on þæt forode lim.., do spilc to, eft simle niwa oþþæt gehalod sie. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 326 His swura wæs gehalod þe ær wæs forslagen. ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 31 Þus þu scealt hine halan. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2039 (MED) Y mouthe his woundes se, Yf that he mouthen holed be. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) v. l. 1952 (MED) With whiche oyle, of soores all grevauns Whiche men suffre, it wil be hooled anoon. c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 110 Summe wer holed fro certeyn seknesse be þe merites of þis Seynt. a1874 S. T. Dobell Poet. Wks. (1875) II. 365 Give me something..th' apostolic shadow of your care, Passing by, hath healed of malady, Or wholed in use and grace. 1991 A. Bancroft Spiritual Journey ix. 120 It is as though I have been wholed, made one. †c. transitive. To save; = heal v.¹ 3a. Obsolete.Only in Old English. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > specific any evil condition > a thing or person from an evil condition healc825 wholeOE redeema1616 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xviii. 11 Uenit enim filius hominis saluare quod perierat : cuom forðon sunu monnes gehaliga uel hæla þæt gelosade.] OE Blickling Homilies 29 Gif oþer nyten wære to haligienne, & geteod to þon ecan life, þonne onfenge he heora hiwe. †2. transitive. To make into a whole; to assemble or unite. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > form or make into a whole [verb (transitive)] wholec1443 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps wholec1443 consolidate1511 clod1530 thicken?1578 contract1620 acervate1623 lump1624 bundlea1628 club1641 to lump together (occasionally up)1692 commassate1694 slump1822 pack1824 c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 123 Of þe soule and of such a body togidere couplid rise þe iij^e þing dyuerse from hem booþe and holid of hem booþe. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 186 Þese spechis hoolid and maad of þe ij seid maners. 1844 New Age & Concordium Gaz. 1 Dec. 327 As the human species are to be wholed and divinized,..must not the earth man cease to effect that conjointly with the human earth which only can be effected conjointly with the Divine, when he is celestially and [printed end] terrestrially one. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.int.n.adv.eOEv.eOE
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wholeadj.int.n.adv.

Phrases

Compounds

wholev.