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单词 whole
释义

wholeadj.int.n.adv.

Brit. /həʊl/, U.S. /hoʊl/
Forms:

α. Old English hale (rare), Old English hall (rare), Old English–early Middle English hal; see also hale adj., n.4, and adv.

β. Middle English hoel, Middle English hoill (Kent), Middle English hol, Middle English hold, Middle English holde, Middle English holee, Middle English hoyl (northern and East Anglian), Middle English hoyll (Yorkshire), Middle English ol, Middle English ole, Middle English oull, Middle English–1500s hoal, Middle English–1500s hoale, Middle English–1500s holle, Middle English–1500s hool, Middle English–1500s hoole, Middle English–1500s hooll, Middle English–1500s hoolle, Middle English–1500s hoylle (Yorkshire), Middle English–1500s oole, Middle English–1600s holl, Middle English–1700s hole, late Middle English–1600s wholle, late Middle English–1600s whoole, late Middle English– whole, 1500s hoell, 1500s houl, 1500s houll, 1500s howl, 1500s howle, 1500s howll, 1500s whoal, 1500s whoule, 1500s woll, 1500s wolle, 1500s–1600s whoale, 1500s–1600s wholl, 1500s–1700s whol, 1600s whoall; English regional 1600s–1700s holle, 1600s 1800s– who (Cheshire), 1700s how, 1800s wooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– ho (Isle of Wight), 1800s– hooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whoal (Derbyshire), 1800s– whol (Yorkshire), 1800s– wholl (Yorkshire), 1800s– whooal (Yorkshire), 1800s– whul, 1800s– whull, 1800s– wole, 1800s– woll (Yorkshire), 1800s– wul, 1800s– wull, 1900s– hull, 1900s– wool (Staffordshire); U.S. regional 1800s holl, 1800s whull, 1800s– hull; Scottish pre-1700 hoill, pre-1700 hol, pre-1700 hole, pre-1700 holl, pre-1700 holle, pre-1700 hoole, pre-1700 hoyll, pre-1700 qhole, pre-1700 quhol, pre-1700 quhole, pre-1700 quholl, pre-1700 quholle, pre-1700 quole, pre-1700 quoll, pre-1700 uholl, pre-1700 whoall, pre-1700 whoell, pre-1700 whoill, pre-1700 whol, pre-1700 wholl, pre-1700 wholle, pre-1700 1700s– whole, 1800s hoil (Shetland); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– wholt; also Welsh English 2000s– hool, 2000s– ool, 2000s– whool.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hēl (West Frisian hiel ), Old Dutch hēl (Middle Dutch heel , heil , Dutch heel ), Old Saxon hēl (Middle Low German hēl , hēil ), Old High German heil , hēl (Middle High German, German heil ), Old Icelandic heill , Old Swedish hel , heel , heil , häl (Swedish hel ), Old Danish hel , hiæl (Danish hel ), Gothic hails , Crimean Gothic iel , < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic cělŭ complete, whole, Old Prussian kails (interjection) hail, and (with suffixation) kailūstiskun (accusative) health; perhaps further cognate with Old Welsh coil omen (Welsh coel ; compare discussion at holy adj.). Compare hale adj., n.4, and adv., heal n., heal v.1, and also heal adj.Form history. Spellings with initial wh- appear in the mid 15th cent. and reflect development of a w -glide chiefly before long open ǭ (see discussion at wh n.), sometimes followed by loss of the initial h- . Failure of the glide to develop before a short vowel meant that w rarely appeared in spellings of wholesome adj. (where the vowel was usually shortened before the consonant cluster ls ) until considerably later; this difference probably underlies the occasional tendency in early modern orthoepists and some authors (e.g. Spenser) to distinguish senses relating to completeness and senses relating to health and soundness (i.e. branches A. II. and A. I.) by pronunciations and spellings respectively with and without w . (See further E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §431, and compare also the initial h- in healthy adj.) Pronunciations with initial /w/ (and occasionally /hw/) survive in modern English regional varieties: J. Wright Eng. Dial. Gram. (1905) 678–9 records such pronunciations widely from the north, the midlands, and the south-west; Surv. Eng. Dial. likewise (for wholemeal n.) from Westmorland, Derbyshire, Shropshire, and Monmouthshire. Specific senses. In senses A. 4 and A. 5a after classical Latin sānus sane adj. Compare especially sānae mentis of sound mind, sānus mentis sound of mind. Compare also French sain (1357 in Middle French in sense ‘sensible, wise’, c1365 in sense ‘sound of mind’). With sense A. 5b compare the earlier Old English derivatives hālwende healing, healthful, salutary, hālbǣre wholesome, salutary. In sense A. 10a after post-classical Latin integer integer adj. Compare whole-leaved adj., whole tone n., and whole note n. (a) at Compounds 1b. Compare also sense A. 7c and discussion at whole wheat n. In sense A. 10b after post-classical Latin solidus solid adj. In some compounds and phrases after the corresponding compounds and phrases with half adj., demi- prefix, and semi- prefix; compare whole sister and whole brother at sense A. 9b (respectively after half-sister n. and half-brother n.; compare slightly earlier full adj. 5d), and also whole-cannon n., whole culverin n., whole holiday n., whole pull n., and whole stitch n. at Compounds 1b. More commonly, such compounds and phrases are formed with full adj. (compare senses 5 and 6 at that entry). Use in salutations. With use in salutations with the imperative or subjunctive of the verb (see sense A. 3b), compare Old Saxon hēl uuis thu , hēl uues , Middle Low German wes hēil , Old High German heil wis , Middle High German heil sīst du , heil wis tu , wis heil , Old Icelandic ver heill , heill þú sér (also kom heill welcome, far heill farewell), Crimean Gothic iel vburt (for iel vvurt ). Compare later wassail n. With use as interjection (see quots. OE1 and a1225 at sense A. 3b) compare Middle Dutch heil , Old High German heil (Middle High German, German heil : see heil int.), Old Icelandic heill , Gothic hails , (quoted in a Latin text) eils , and further Old Prussian kails (use as interjection (in greetings and toasts) of the nominative singular masculine of the otherwise unattested adjective; compare Baltic and Slavonic forms cited above). Compare later hail int. For the use of cognate nouns (compare heal n. and the discussion at holy adj.) in salutations in various Germanic languages, compare Dutch heil (in constructions with an indirect object: compare hail int. b), Middle Low German hēil (e.g. in gūt hēil ; compare hail n.2 2), Middle High German, German Heil (e.g. in heil dir ; compare hail int. b). Compare also all hail int. For semantically similar formations in other languages, compare e.g. ave int., salve n.5, and vale int. Prefixed form in Old English. Prefixed Old English gehāl yhole adj. shows considerable semantic overlap with this word, and survives into Middle English. Although much less frequent in Old English overall, it is attested more commonly than the unprefixed adjective in senses of branch A. II. such as ‘complete, entire’ (compare especially quot. eOE at sense A. 6a); it is also attested earlier in senses A. 2b and A. 7.
A. adj. (and int.)
I. In good condition, sound. In senses A. 1 – A. 4 often in collocation with sound, fere, hail, etc., in early use.
1.
a. Of a person or animal, the body or part of the body: free from wounds or injury; unhurt, unharmed; (contextually) recovered from a wound or injury; †(of a wound) healed (obsolete). Cf. to lick whole at lick v. 1e. Now archaic.In early use sometimes more generally: safe from any kind of harm or danger.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury
unwoundedOE
wholeOE
unwemmedc1175
hailc1275
wemlessc1330
sound as a trouta1450
unmaimeda1470
unmaggled1508
unmenyied?a1513
in (also with) a whole skin1534
woundless1579
unmartyred1580
wound-free1609
invulnered1613
fist-free1615
invulneratea1680
unmangled1885
OE Beowulf (2008) 1974 Lindgestealla lifigende cwom heaðolaces hal to hofe gongan.
OE Daniel 270 Hyssas hale hwurfon in þam hatan ofne, ealle æfæste ðry.
OE Blickling Homilies 177 Hie þa hine on rode ahengan..& he ða soðlice minum ceapum [perh. read cempum; L. militibus] hine halne & gesundne ðy ðriddan dæge æteowde.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 29 Mon mei underfon ane wunde on his licome þet ne mei beon longe hwile hal.
c1300 St. John Baptist (Laud) 131 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 33 His heued ȝut, and is finguer al-so, boþe huy beoth hole and sounde.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 717 (MED) Ichaue brouȝt an oyniment For make þe boþe hol & fere.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2484 (MED) Þe hurt watz hole þat he hade hent in his nek.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job v. 18 He smytith, and hise hondis schulen make hool.
1452 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 60 Wheche wownde was neuer hol to the daye of her deth.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 836/2 Hole and safe, sayn et sauf.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 131 When the wounde is whoale, what neede any playster or further surgery?
1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. I4 A man is not so soone whole as hurt.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 9 He was thrust in the mouth with a Speare, and 'tis not whole yet. View more context for this quotation
1651 J. Horn Caveat to All True Christians vi. 255 Letting ones brethren sink or swim, be sick or well, wounded or whole, prodigals or thrifty, without looking after them.
1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. 617 They saw..his Body whole and untouch'd, and knew that his Blood was still in his Veins.
1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa I. iv. 15 At night I reached this town with a whole neck. A lucky thing enough, considering how precipitously the postilions drove.
1844 G. R. Gleig Light Dragoon xvi One whole man..is enough to take care of a wounded one.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 131 She..Felt it [sc. the babe] sound and whole from head to foot.
1930 Boys' Life Aug. 44/2 Antonius was vastly relieved to see me sound and whole.
2003 L. W. Miller Pern & Giant Forest 45 Derek started chanting the mending spell, and the eerie feeling of knitting bones and tendons and reforming cartilage replaced the fire of pain and soon his leg was whole again.
b. Modifying skin, limbs, etc., used metonymically to indicate a person or animal is uninjured or unharmed. Cf. skin n. Phrases 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > freedom from injury
whole1602
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 817 And furthwithall they were as hole of hyde and lymme as ever they were in their lyff.]
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 72 Let them keep their limbs hole, and hack our English.
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 100 Your hearts are mightie, you skins are whole.
1648 Bp. J. Hall Breathings Devout Soul xxvii. 41 A third with Lazarus wants bread, and a whole skin.
1756 Crit. Rev. Mar. 145 The hostler kept his halfpence, and his skin whole.
1760 Life & Adventures of Cat 21 Though he made several attempts upon her larder, he seldom availed himself of the expedition, being glad to get off with whole bones, he being a rival in these purloinings with the old taylor.
1820 W. Scott Abbot II. v. 141 We must back to perch and mew, and thank heaven, more than our own wit, with our bones whole, and without a stab in the stomach.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxx. 293 When a man's got his limbs whole, he can bear a smart cut or two.
1922 R. M. Binder Business & Professions xix. 299 It was after all a code of which the other classes knew nothing, because they were too much concerned with preserving their skin whole.
1991 R. Jordan Dragon Reborn xlvii. 474 You delivered the Lady Elayne's letter, then?..And kept your skin whole, it seems.
2.
a. Of an object: free from damage or defect; in good condition; unbroken.Sometimes overlapping with sense A. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact
yholec1000
wholeOE
all wholec1175
hale1357
haila1400
intactc1450
undeflowereda1533
dintless1558
pure1607
undinteda1616
entirea1631
neat1715
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xxxv. 59 Wicþenas..heora þeningfata clæne and hale [L. munda et sana] þam hordere betæcen.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 (MED) Ȝif he [sc. the pot] belæfð hal and ȝesund, ðe pottere hine deð ðar to ðe he iscapen was.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 10 So gleam glidis þurt þe glas, of þi bodi born he was, and þurt þe hoale þurch he gload.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 364 Ber wiþ þe forti pund, And þine cupe hol & sund.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2776 Ðo sag moyses at munt synay..Fier brennen on ðe grene leaf, And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7395 Her armes, riche of mounde, Weren ȝut hole and sounde.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3368 (MED) When he was take vp of þe vrthe, he was as wholle And as freysshe as he was ony tyme þat day byfore.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 117 Yet hadde he his spere hoill.
1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia Pl. XXII, in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) sig. D2 Their bones (remaininge still fastened together with the ligaments whole and vncorrupted) are couered a gayne with leather.
1611 R. Peake tr. S. Serlio 3rd Bk. Archit. 27 b Traians Columne is the wholest.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 121 His corslet wholler then his clothes.
1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 205 This is worse than what Tinkers do, to make a Hole in a whole Vessel.
1718 P. Rae Hist. Late Rebellion 287 Bringing..the whole Boats they found in their Way.
1785 European Mag. Apr. 256/1 This wicked jade then took up a glass, threw it against the wall, broke it into a thousand fragments, and instantly shewed it the company as whole as at first.
1829 Chapters Physical Sci. 185 When the pipe is quite whole and sound.
1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 8 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 298 She [sc. a statue] is just as whole as when she left the hands of the sculptor.
1938 D. Parker in New Yorker 5 Feb. 15/1 The baby was in Sunday white; its dress was patched so delicately that you would have thought the fabric whole.
2000 N. Pickard Whole Truth 70 It was a chain of little plastic hearts... It was whole, not broken.
b. Of immaterial things: intact, unimpaired. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact > specifically of immaterial things
wholelOE
entire1601
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lii. 403 Hie sint to manienne ðæt hie..giemen, ðeah hi ðæt god hira gecynde gehal [L. integra] nolden gehealdan, ðæt hi hit huru tobrocen gebeten.]
lOE Canterbury Psalter: Canticles xv. 2 Catholicam fidem, quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit : þane fulfremedon geleafan, þane bute hwilc halne & unwemne gehealde.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxviii. 2 His lif shal ben hoel [L. sospes] and lyuynge.
?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 327 (MED) It was ordeyned in þe parlement þat all Cathedrall cherches shold ioy and haue her eleccions hool; & þat þe King..sholde not write aȝens hem þat were ychosen.
c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. xij/1 That the citezens..haue alle her fraunchyses and free custumes holl and vnblemyshed as they before this tyme hadden hem.
a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Prol. sig. Aj There is nothynge so entier, but it diminisheth, nor nothyng so hole, but that is wery.
1629 G. Carleton Collegiat Suffrage v. 129 The seed of regeneration, with all those fundamentall graces, without which the state of a regenerate man cannot stand, is preserved whole and sound.
1795 Analyt. Rev. Nov. 537 This country, whose honour..was delivered safe, whole, and unimpaired into his hands.
1888 Churchman 28 Apr. 454/3 That good thing committed to them by the Holy Ghost [sc. the episcopate], the bishops of Scotland preserved and transmitted, whole and intact, to this day.
1908 tr. G. V. Fradryssa Rom. Catholicism capitulating before Protestantism iii. 21 If our confession of faith is fixed once and for all,..it will always remain whole in the midst of all perplexities and disturbances.
1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre 60 Her India had remained intact; her idea of the world had remained whole.
3.
a. In good health; free from disease or illness; well; (contextually) restored to health, recovered from disease or illness; better. Now chiefly archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy
wholeeOE
isoundOE
i-sundfulc1000
ferec1175
soundc1175
fish-wholea1225
forthlyc1230
steadfasta1300
wella1300
safec1300
tidya1325
halec1330
quartc1330
well-faringc1330
well-tempered1340
well-disposeda1398
wealyc1400
furnished1473
mighty?a1475
quartful?c1475
good1527
wholesomea1533
crank1548
healthful1550
healthy1552
hearty1552
healthsome1563
well-affected?1563
disposed1575
as sound as a bell1576
firm1577
well-conditioned1580
sound1605
unvaletudinary1650
all right1652
valid1652
as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655
fair-like1663
hoddy1664
wanton1674
stout?1697
trig1704
well-hained1722
sprack1747
caller1754
sane1755
finely1763
bobbish1780
cleverly1784
right1787
smart1788
fine1791
eucratic1795
nobbling1825
as right as a trivet1835
first rate1841
in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844
gay1855
sprackish1882
game ball1905
abled1946
well-toned1952
a hundred per cent1960
oke1960
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [adjective] > recovered
yheledc900
wholeeOE
safec1300
halec1330
healeda1400
recovered1477
bettered?1533
resuscitated1576
wella1616
stout?1697
a hundred per cent1960
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. vi. 402 Ðu eart nu git swiðe gesælig, nu ðu git liofast & eart hal.
OE tr. Vindicta Salvatoris (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) in J. E. Cross Two Old Eng. Apocrypha (1996) 279 Me þæs blodes fleusa huru twelf gear eglode, ic wæs þa sona hal [L. sana] geworden.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15519 Ȝho..Warrþ hal off hire unnhæle.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 114 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 167 Wa se seið þet he bo hal, him solf wat best his smirte.
c1300 St. Barnabas (Laud) 61 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 28 He bi-cam anon hol and sound.
c1300 Pilate (Harl.) 142 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 115 Anon þo he þe ymage iseȝ he was ol anon.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1097 A stoon..so..vertuous That hole a man it koude make Of palasie and tothe ake.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 24 Iaques recouerd of his maladye and bycam alle hool.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. lv Thy fayth hath saved the [1611 King James made thee whole], goo in peace, and be whole off thy plage.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxix. f. 49 I repute it a very perillous thinge for a hole man to reste and be idell.
1629 Orkney Witch Trial in County Folk Lore (1903) 3 103 Quha being quholl then deit within thrie dayes be your witchcraft.
1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. 13 The Gospel also testifies of a sheep-poole, into which whosoever stepped first, after the Water was troubled by the Angel, was made whole of whatsoever disease he had.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 162 We are all whole and sound People here, and we would not have you bring the Plague among us.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. iv. 49 Him who made Tobias whole.
1897 A. Lang tr. J. J. Bourassé Miracles Madame St. Katherine of Fierbois i. 56 There she made her oblation, and so departed, whole and well.
1920 N. N. Riddell Vital Christianity iii. xii. 259 Say, ‘I am whole,’ rather than, ‘I am not sick.’ The latter throws into the subjective mind the suggestion of sickness.
2012 P. S. Thng tr. L. Sung Diary J. Sung viii. 301 She recalled that everyone at the scene, sick or whole, was shouting with great joy.
†b. In greetings or salutations, wishing a person well. Cf. hail adj. 1b Obsolete.Also (cf. quots. OE1, a1225) as int.: = hail int. [With quot. 1583 compare all hail int. and the Dutch form cited there.]
ΚΠ
OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Mark xiv. 45 Statim accedens ad eum ait rabbi : sona gineolicadun to him cwæð hal larwa [OE Lindisf. la laruu].
OE Beowulf (2008) 407 Beowulf maðelode..: ‘Wæs þu, Hroðgar, hal!’
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 144 Sy ðu hal, leof, Iudeiscra leoda cyning.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) i. 28 Hal wes ðu [c1200 Hatton hal wæsse þu; L. have].
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 117 (MED) Hoal ði godnesse!
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7452 Hal [c1300 Otho hayl] wrð þu lauerd king.
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 12 b Thei cried with a lustie courage, All whole noble mates all whole.]
c. Morally or spiritually sound; virtuous, upright; free or freed from sin or corruption. Frequently in to make whole.
ΚΠ
OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxi. 8 Doð eowre heortan hige hale and clæne.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 14 Þe bið hal on his [sc. Jesus's] nome þe ðe hine hæle bit... Bide þe nu hæle on þæs Hælendes nome modes & lichame.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 89 (MED) God wolde þat proude men and leprous heretikes wolden wel confesse þe feiþ, and þan shulden þei be hool.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 191 (MED) Ihesu gladly makyth þe hole fro þi synne.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii Hole in body, holler in his soule, and richer in goodes.
1621 R. Lovell Two Soveraigne Salves 20 Thou art Whole, Therefore sinne no more.
1675 W. Sherlock Def. & Contin. Disc. Knowl. Jesus Christ ii. 137 According to my notion, in reference to the demands of the Gospel, we may in a proper sense be said to be justified. So that I am whole again all on a sudden.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) vi. ii O Lord,..save my Soul, And for thy Mercy sake make whole.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter iii, in Poems (new ed.) 34 A soul..So healthy, sound and clear and whole.
1866 J. G. Whittier Our Master xiv We touch Him in life's throng and press, And we are whole again.
1946 Life 21 Oct. 36/3 If ours is to be a whole and healthy civilization, our politics needs the feminine touch.
1990 L. Tooma & Y. Nelson Exploring Bible 8/1 They recalled that those who once felt Jesus' touch and heard his voice were made whole again.
4. Of a person: of sound mind, sane; (of the mental faculties) free from impairment, sound. Cf. of whole memory at memory n. Phrases 3a. Now rare.Often in legal contexts, esp. in or with reference to the writing of wills. Later examples are perhaps merely contextual uses of sense A. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > [adjective] > of the mind
rightOE
wholeOE
good1404
sound1531
static1652
spacked1673
unobscured1748
valid1854
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) v. 15 Hi gesawon þone ðe mid deofle gedreht wæs, gescrydne sittan, [&] hales modes [L. sanae mentis].
lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 45 Swa hyt byð æac be þæs modes æagan, þæt is andgit. Swa swa þæt halre byð, swa hyt mare geseon mæg þære æccan sunnan, þæt is wysdom.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark v. 15 Thei camen to Jhesu, and thei seen hym..sittynge clothid, and of hoole mynde [L. sanæ mentis].
1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 30 I. Iohn Chelmyswyk, squier of Shropshire, hole of mynde & in my gode memorie beyng.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 38 (MED) Þouȝ eche man..myȝtte lyue hool & sond in bodi & wittis.
1507 Test. of James Hamour in C. W. Foster Lincoln Wills (1914) I. 32 Of a holle mynde and hoill memory.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 4 If I flatter not my selfe, I haue a whole minde within my crasie bodie.
1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights 165 Indenture sealed by person or persons of full age, of whole memory.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Disability,..where a man is not of whole Memory..so, that in all cases, where he passeth any Estate out of him, it may, after his death, be disanull'd.
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sane, sound, whole, in his Sences.
1847 Jurist 15 May 187/2 The will of such a person ought not to be taken to be the offspring of a whole and sane mind.
1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell ii. ix. 157 I am..unsure if I be whole of mind. I think I have been estranged from my right wits.
1913 E. Jones in W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe Mod. Treatm. Nerv. & Mental Dis. I. viii. 331 With a neurosis..the very organ that yields consolation, that philosophizes, is no longer whole.
1989 D. Koontz Midnight iii. vii. 405 His unwavering will to lead as full a life as possible was what had kept him whole in mind and heart.
†5.
a. Based on good judgement; sound, wise; morally correct. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome
goodOE
wholeOE
wholesomec1175
whole?c1225
hailsome1372
healthfulc1384
haila1393
halea1400
salutairec1450
salutary1490
wholesome1549
salutiferec1550
salutiferous?c1550
healthy1552
healthsomea1563
salubrious1659
apple pie1960
OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxxii. 226 Tu autem loquere quę decet sanam, id est integram, doctrinam : þu soðlice spec þa gerist hale lare.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. vi. 3 If ony man..acordith not to the hoole [L. sanis], or holsum, wordis of oure Lord.., is proud.
1422 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) I. 1 (MED) Ȝhe schal..ȝhif trewe and hole counsell..to the Mair.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. iv. sig. r.iiii v After the moost hole opynyon [Fr. selon la plus saine opinion].
b. Conducive to physical well-being; wholesome, healthy. Obsolete.With quot. a1500 cf. sound adj. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome
goodOE
wholeOE
wholesomec1175
whole?c1225
hailsome1372
healthfulc1384
haila1393
halea1400
salutairec1450
salutary1490
wholesome1549
salutiferec1550
salutiferous?c1550
healthy1552
healthsomea1563
salubrious1659
apple pie1960
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 272 Ne nome neauer ȝeme hwat wes hal. hwat unhal to eotene ne to drinken.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 251 Ase moche ase þe welle yuelþ lesse of þe erþe, zuo moche hi is þo holer and þe betere of to drinke.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 23 (MED) First biholde aboute and se thyn aier; If hit be cleer and hool [L. salutaris], stond out of fere.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 He lediþ his sheep wel in hool pasture þat wole not rote.
II. Complete, undivided, total, and related uses.
6.
a. Not separated into parts or particles; not ground, broken up, or cut into pieces; undivided, entire; in one piece. Cf. sense A. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > united into a whole > not divided, separated, or split
wholeeOE
unparteda1398
undealta1400
undividedc1412
individedc1430
undeparted1430
indeparted1434
untwinnedc1450
unsparpled1508
undissevered1521
unseparated1545
inseparate1550
unseparate1553
unsundered1594
unspleeted1609
inseparizeda1618
undisjointed1631
unparcelled1648
unsplit1656
unanalysed1661
indivise1677
unattenuated1727
uncomminuted1758
undecomposed1758
undismembered1758
indiscrete1782
undecompounded1795
undismantled1830
impartite1862
undiscrete1862
uncleave1893
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxi. 481 Hwæþer þu þonne [on]gite þæt ælc þara wuhta þe him beon þen[cð], þæt hit þencð ætgædere bion, gehal, untodæled [L. unum]? Forðæm gif hit todæled bið, þonne ne bið hit no hal.
OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Hatton) (O.E.D. transcript) vii. 256 Wið ælces cynnes næddran bite, gate smero & hire tord & weax mylt & gemæng tosomne, wirc swa hit man hal [OE Vitell. gehal] forswelgan mæge.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 12 Swolewe wee hym..hol as the descendende in to the lake.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 9 Take þe pertryche, an stuffe hym wyth hole pepir.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 78 He saw the brayis hye standand, The vattir holl throu slike rynand.
1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.iii The goose & swanne may be cut as ye do other fowles yt haue hole fete.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lvi. 126 A deede must either not be imputed..or..they which haue it by imputation must haue it such as it is whole.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 14 The walles being all of whole trees as they come out of the wood.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 32 Which will neither way be so strong as the Worm cut out of the whole Iron.
a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 197 One pint of whole oatmeal.
1771 J. Kettilby Let. 27 Apr. in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 86 The whole words..will all stand upright and close tine by tine..and make them more ready to the Compositors hand than a Single loose-type can possibly be.
1811 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 25 148 The forceps at present used..seems better contrived for crushing a soft calculus to pieces, than for holding it fast and withdrawing it whole.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 687 In the manner of gooseberries and apples..baked whole in a dish.
1910 Nation 24 Mar. 290/1 Several of them are tempted..to cut themselves off from the cherished association; but the group remains whole in spite of everything.
1967 A. Ehrenzweig Hidden Order of Art xvi. 285 Being syncretistic, the child's vision and art goes for the whole undivided shape of the object.
2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 52/2 Always use whole chunks of cheese that you grate yourself rather than ready-grated.
†b. Undivided in allegiance or devotion; loyal, faithful, steadfast. Cf. wholehearted adj. 2a, whole-souled adj. at Compounds 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective] > firm or constant
wholea1375
constantc1425
feal1568
handfast1578
blue?1636
firm1705
as true as flint1847
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2952 (MED) His sone & alle oþer schul be ȝour hole frendes, & schul restore riuedli þe reddour þat was maked.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 594 Þere he fyndez al fayre a freke wythinne, Þat hert honest and hol.
1451 G. Debenham et al. in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 71 The sheriff is noght so hole as he was, for now he wille shewe but a part of his frendeshipp.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxvii[i]. 37 Their herte was not whole [1611 King James right] with him, nether continued they in his couenaunt.
a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 344 Gods deare chyldren, whose hartes are whole wyth the Lorde.
†c. Not divided in opinion; united, unanimous. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [adjective]
anmodOE
accordantc1350
concordable1393
ogrant?a1400
whole1413
agreeing1440
communala1470
concordant1477
agreeablea1525
greeinga1547
one-hearted?1584
consenting1589
well-tuned1592
consentient1622
concording1627
unanimousa1631
unanimate1633
homodox1656
concurrent1660
concerted1673
of one lip1677
homodoxian1716
harmonious1724
concurring1732
assenting1752
one-voiced1821
solidary1841
solidaire1845
solid1855
ditto-saying1892
assented1907
1413 in F. A. Page-Turner Bedfordshire Wills (1914) 18 (MED) They togedre wyþ oole assent to mynystre & to fulfylle my last Wille.
1451 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 116 The Kyng by the hole aduyse of all the greet councell of Inglond,..send hider his said comission.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance iii. f. 3v By the hole consent of the Senate and people.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxv To whome they, with a whole voyce, aunswered nay, nay.
1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights xviii. 32 If by their whole agreement the eldest make the diuision it is said..that she shall last make election.
1694 W. Colepeper Heroick Poem upon King 4 Choice by the whole Consent of Nations known,The Lords, the Commons, and the Peoples Voice.
d. Coal Mining. Of coal or a coal seam: unworked, yet to be worked; in the earliest stages of being worked. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > mined > of coal > not
whole1753
unwrought1789
unworked1883
1753 in Trans. North Eng. Inst. Mining & Mech. Engineers (1891) 38 190 The Fortune Pit has wrought 260 tens of coals, and has a great quantity of whole coal yet left in her.
1844 T. Sopwith Mining Rec. 19 For the most part, a width of whole coal will be left sufficient to pass through to the lower seams.
1893 T. J. Foster Coal & Metal Miners' Pocket-bk. (rev. ed.) 199 Drainage of whole coal by bore-holes and gas-drifts in a higher seal might answer in certain cases.
1905 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 1903–4 26 256 From the 7 acres of whole coal..some 46,000 tons of coal have been produced.
7.
a. Lacking no part, element, or essential characteristic; having its entire extent or magnitude; perfect, complete.Chiefly of abstract things; when used of material objects, overlapping with sense A. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective]
wholelOE
entirec1430
integera1509
integral1611
OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) i. 9 Plerumque caritas quibusdam occupationibus praepedita, et integra flagrat in corde : wel oft soð lufu sumum bysgungum gelætt & gehal scinð on heortan.]
lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 54 Ða cwæð heo: [gelyf] gefæstlice Gode, and be[fæ]ste þe halne [L. te totum] Gode, and na [read ne] wilna na to swiðe þines agnes willan ofer hys.
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 165 Þis is ȝet þe uertu þe halt..ure feble flesch... In hal halinesse.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 91 With hol trust and with hol believe.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 111 The cleernesse hool of Sapience.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 158 The nombre schall eueremore ben hool.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 72 If þe kirk, wiþ out oole autorite, solempnize matrimoyn forbidun of þe general kirk.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvijv He permitteth..the whole supper of the Lorde [i.e. communion in both kinds].
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. iii. f. 24 Seeing these women will not bee the whole Mothers of their Children, they oughte at leaste to bee carefull to chuse good Nurses.
1609 W. B. tr. Philosophers Banquet ii. x. f. 66v Yet in his youth was he accessary to the errour of his years, that he followed the whole sway and stray of youth.
1689 Irish Hudibras 79 A Meddar..Which tho 'twas reckon'd but a small one, Contain'd Three halfs of a whole Gallon.
1701 G. Stanhope tr. St. Augustine Pious Breathings 257 Thou art the Bread of Life, every day eaten, yet still whole and never consumed.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 103 At whole Allowance.
1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 9 Nov. 716/1 The pit was but moderately filled at whole price.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxix. 97 That thus my pleasure might be whole.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Nov. 5/2 There were four occasions on which the wind reached force 10, or what is known among sailors as a ‘whole’ gale.
1915 G. J. Nathan Another Bk. on Theatre 296 If a playwright has anything genuinely interesting..to say, he is at whole liberty to put that something into the mouths of the stock sawdust dolls of the stage.
2012 J. Piven & S. Applebaum In Studio with J. Piven 68 One at a time, add your own sound and movement in relation to the other person. Add on until a whole ‘machine’ is working together.
b. Of a person's commitment, effort, energy, etc.: devoted to one object; full, complete. Frequently in whole heart; cf. heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 1j(a). Now somewhat rare (in later use influenced by wholehearted adj. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > [adjective] > full, complete, or perfect
wholea1375
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 163 (MED) Ȝe..alle wiȝth on hol hert to þe heiȝ king of heuene preieth a pater noster.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2339 He that..Yaff hoole his herte in will and thought.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 103 Y bileeue in hool mynde, Þe holi goost schalle knytte aȝen Þe soule to þe fleische.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xv. 15 They soughte him with a whole wyll.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 36 With hardynes of hond & with hole might.
1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah xiii. 283 Such as set their whole labour on that which is but errour, and make a studie of it.
1680 Jews Catech. 22 That he draws off his Mind from the frail and perishing things of this present World, and fixes his whole intention upon the study of the Law and pure Religion.
1723 London Jrnl. 19 Jan. 2/2 I could join with my whole heart, in this Allegation.
1888 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 765/2 The true duties..must be attended to with a whole mind.
1915 W. Long in Addr. Empire Club Canada 22 Disraeli gave his whole effort to teach his countrymen that they had a great Imperial future before them.
2006 C. James North Face Soho xi. 166 Even when working with a whole heart, you are bound to have the occasional failure.
c. Containing all its proper or essential constituents; esp. (of milk) unskimmed. Cf. whole blood n. 2, whole-grain adj., wholemeal n., etc.Recorded earliest in whole wheat n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [adjective] > relating to milk > whole or full-cream
whole1527
full-cream1855
1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. cciv The farthynge loffe of the hole whete shall wey the cocket and the halfe.
1793 T. Baird Gen. View Agric. Middlesex 51 By churning the whole milk together, it is most probable that the waste will not be so great, as in collecting the cream.
1867 Health Reformer Aug. 22/1 The whole flour, or Graham flour, contains three times as much nutriment of this kind as the fine white flour.
1894 Field 9 June 846/2 It is less trouble to churn whole milk than to churn cream.
1905 Creamery Jrnl. Sept. 11/1 If the milk is whole and rich the temperature..may be raised gradually a few degrees.
1975 A. Ancowitz Strokes & their Prevention x. 188 Bran Muffins: Substitute 1½ cups whole-bran cereal for 1 cup of flour.
2010 Gourmet Retailer (Nexis) Aug. Demo whole juice made in a professional-quality blender that allows you to include both the juice and the fiber from vitamin-rich fresh fruits.
8. In attributive use.
a. The total amount or extent of; every part of, all; entire, full.Now the most common sense.Formerly pleonastically or emphatically modified by all or entire, esp. in senses A. 8a(a), A. 8a(c). Cf. all whole adj.
(a) Modifying a singular noun, following a determiner or possessive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective]
alleOE
altogetherOE
allOE
wholea1325
halea1400
altogethers1569
orl1898
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2243 Bereð dat siluer hol agon.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 184 Þe herde & his hende wif & al his hole meyne þat bold barn wiþ his bowe..fedde.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 86 Þei fasten an hool moneth.
1491–2 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 181 The clarkes wages for an oull yere iiij s iiij d.
1532 Remedy of Love in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccclxviii/1 Eche letter an hole worde dothe represent As C, put for colde, and D, for olde.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 106 Menelay the mighty & the mayn telamon So sturnly with stod with þaire strenkyth holl.
1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. I.iiv Our savior Christ continued the whole night in praier.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. liv. 114 To be the peace of the whole world.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 12 All the whole time I was my Chambers Prisoner. View more context for this quotation
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 186 That Parliament from which the hole Kingdome expected a Reformation.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 78. ⁋8 Hippocrates, who visited me throughout my whole Illness.
1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 169 In all the whole enlightened system.
1802 E. Forster tr. Arabian Nights V. 146 He related his whole adventure, from beginning to end.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 66 The whole..manner of looking at things alters with every age.
1904 H. James Let. 18 Nov. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) i. 40 Augustus Jay offered me a spin around the whole island.
1940 J. L. Coolidge Hist. Geom. Methods ii. ii. 145 The whole volume is largely devoted to theorems which are dual to those already developed.
1992 S. Logie Winging It ix. 195 Richmond..concluded that Kearns should scrap the whole idea right away.
2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 75/1 Her whole apartment smelled of potpourri.
(b) With a numeral. With the, as the whole —. (formerly †the — whole). Also without the, as — whole, †whole —.Without the, frequently modifying a noun denoting a period of time, and overlapping with sense A. 8b.
ΚΠ
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4631 Charlys þe Citee þo gan asayle, Two dawes hole.
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 340 Ȝif vchon haue a godhede I graunte, bi him-selue, I seie þat on is also good as þe þreo hole.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. To Quene Katerine f. iii The spirituall leauen whiche your grace beyng a ghostly housewyfe for the behoufe of all the whole royalme of England,..hath in suche wyfe hydden in all the whole fower peckes of English meale, East, west, North & South.
1581 Earl of Arundel Callophisus (single sheet) To defend and mainetayne against all men whosoeuer, for sixe courses a peece, the whole sixe, or any of the sixe Articles which follow.
1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 118 Bellarmine spends two whole Chapters in confuting their Arguments.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 32 The fourth Persecution..wherein the Church had no breathing for whole twenty yeares together.
1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 311 He..staid whole ten days.
1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 228 I brought the whole three to the ground at one shot.
1897 Outing 30 381/1 A stream tumbled over it the whole ten feet, and splattered into a little pool below.
1978 I. B. Singer Shosha iii. 50 You should have taken the whole five hundred. To him that's a trifle.
2005 BBC Focus Dec. 74/4 The average fraudster gets away with their crimes for eight whole months before someone finally twigs what they are up to.
(c) Modifying a plural noun, following a determiner or possessive. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now rare, except as in sense A. 8b.Now usually expressed by the whole of or all. Formerly occasionally without article; cf. sense A. 8b.
ΚΠ
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 Alle the states of this londe were ther gadyrd, the whiche states hole made thes same persones that ben comen here to yowe nowe her procuratours.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 27 All the three kynges and the hole barownes seyde how Merlion devised passynge well.
1516 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 115 Theseid decrees..shalbe..obserued..by the hole Burgesses and inhabitauntes of the same Towne.
1521 Ld. Dacre in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 279 Not doubting..but ye shalbe..recompensed of your hool dueties with th'arreragies.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. A4 All the whole Dominions, of the Realme. View more context for this quotation
1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 89 There be whole intire Nations which approve of Incest.
1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1911) 45 233 All the whole ministers are content to be ordered by the enemies of Christ.
1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 203 The French..having reduced almost the whole Netherlands to their obedience.
1798 Monthly Mag. Dec. 436 My whole friends are against me; all my friends.
1808 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 112 We shall get our whole sea-ports put into that state of defence.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. i. 1/2 His whole other Tissues are included.
1895 Times (Weekly ed.) 26 Apr. 324/1 A third of the whole inhabitants of India.
1984 New Scientist 1 Nov. 39/2 The idea that a large enough work force of monkeys trained to type in a random fashion..would sooner or later come up with a Shakespeare sonnet, or even his whole works, is popularly believed.
(d) Modifying a collective noun, without article: all, all of, the whole of. Now nonstandard.
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras viii. 7 He taught whole Israel all righteousnes & iudgment.
1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. Yvv As though whole religion stoude in these pointes onely.
1611 F. Rollenson Serm. preached before His Maiestie iii. 55 Whole Mankind is transformed and changed from good to euill.
1657 W. Rand in tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility Ep. Ded. Not only whole Europe, but Asia also..had their Eyes..fixed upon this Province.
1707 Rehearsal 2 Aug. in C. Leslie View of Times (1750) IV. 18 They will accept of no terms or compositions, less than the destruction of the episcopal hierarchy, and to have whole Britain one presbyterian church.
1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ x. 455 (note) All creatures stand astonished, whole Nature is amazed.
1891 National Rev. Aug. 768 Thus to open up, for whole Europe, the prospect of terrible warfare.
1919 Jrnl. Race Devel. 9 337 Such intrigues and secret manoeuvres of the belligerents as are inevitable among neutral peoples when practically whole mankind is in arms.
2002 C. Sarrat et al. in B. Sportisse Air Pollution Modelling & Simulation 125 Emission potential maps..have been drawn for whole France.
b. Used emphatically, implying an unusually large quantity, number, or extent. Chiefly with dependent of-phrase. Cf. a whole raft of at raft n.2, a whole world of at world n. 19a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > emphatically
whole1553
imaginable1614
conceivable1615
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 69v You haue heard a whole courte roule of ribauldrie.
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare (1611) xiii. 360 He pleadeth his toties, quoties, and thereby would erect a whole totquot of Masses, sans number.
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. li. sig. I8v He tels you of whole fields of Gold and Siluer, Or & Argent.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 142 Sitting..Whole days and nights.
1711 tr. S. Werenfels Disc. Logomachys 101 Then follow..your greater and lesser Realitys, modal Entitys,..Then the States, Amplications, Principles of Individuation, Suppositalitys,..and whole cartloads of Qualitys.
1798 J. O'Keeffe Czar Peter i. iii, in Dramatic Wks. III. 134 The Ship unruly scorns command, And quaffs whole seas of brine.
1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets 11 A whole court of Aldermen hawing and humming.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 163 Whole towns..were left in ruins.
1911 G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians i. 2 Whole shelves of libraries are filled with the records of this quest.
1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives.
2013 Evening Standard 10 Oct. 20/2 Whole swathes of society seem to think that once women have reached their mid-forties they should..behave with some sense of decorum.
c. With the and a noun of reason, purpose, etc. With exclusive force, indicating that only the circumstances described are to be considered: entire; one and only, sole. In later use also: main, primary.Originally a spec. use of sense A. 8a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adjective]
firsteOE
headOE
highOE
greatc1350
upperestc1374
chief1377
singular1377
principala1382
royalc1425
cardinal1440
pre-eminenta1460
praisea1475
main1480
maina1525
primary1565
captain1566
arch1574
mistressa1586
capital1597
topless1609
primea1616
metropolitan1635
transeminent1660
whole1675
uppermost1680
primus inter pares1688
topping1694
Sudder1787
par excellence1839
banner1840
primatial1892
1675 W. Collins Missa Triumphans 130 No body can rightly and properly say, that two angels, or two spirits are distant from one another, because they have no bodies, and consequently no univocal places to circumscribe them: and the whole reason is, because distance depends wholy upon an univocal place.
1798 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 VI. 123 The whole question is, therefore, this—‘Has my honourable friend made out such a case as ought to induce this House to enter into the proposed inquiry?’
1813 J. F. Stanfield Ess. on Biogr. ii. ii. 132 The whole purpose of the present essay is to promote a scientific attachment towards this study.
1901 Trans. Inst. Naval Architects 43 23 The whole idea of the design has been, not so much to procure a very high measured-mile speed for a few hours, as to assure a good, continuous ocean speed.
1950 ‘T. Sturgeon’ in Galaxy Oct. 80/1 I showed him the casing of the intricate beam-power apparatus that contained the whole reason for the project.
1990 J. Leavy Squeeze Play iv. 184 The All-Star game is a boondoggle, the whole point of which is to schmooze, to be seen, and to do as little work as humanly possible.
2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 19 Sept. d7/1 The whole idea was to give this Spanish house more of a handmade feeling.
9. Forming or constituting something free from admixture or without addition of anything different; full, pure, unmixed. Often opposed to half.
†a. Modifying an agent noun, personal designation, or title: that does not share the specified position or role with any one else; = sole adj. 5b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective] > possessing or functioning alone
wholea1393
single1639
sole1747
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 722 (MED) Cesar Julius..Governeth under his empire, As he that was hol lord and Sire.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3281 (MED) Knoude was made hole kyng of alle Englonde.
1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §47. m. 9 Hole heire in the taylle to the said Thomas.
1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. xv. sig. b2v One hye hole ordener of al thyngs.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1373/1 His grace is made a whole king, and obeyed in his Realme as a kyng.
1628 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1918) Jan. 35 My..Nephew Thomas..whom I make my whole and onelie Executor.
1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon iii. 123 He said, That he and such other wretches as he, had made the King a whole King, by their Sermons.
1744 G. Horseman Precedents in Conveyancing III. 575 I do hereby constitute and appoint my said dear Husband Arthur Antry sole and whole Executor of this my last Will and Testament.
1776 Will L. Watson in D. Call Rep. Court of Appeals Virginia (1805) 3 306 I do appoint my brother in law, Churchill Ames, for to be my whole executor.
1880 Punch 23 Oct. 189/1 I am a whole Sheriff of London, and half a Sheriff for Middlesex.
b. Modifying a noun denoting a family relationship: having the specified relationship through both parents, esp. in whole brother, whole sister; = full adj. 5d. Cf. half-brother n., half-sister n., whole blood n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > [noun] > whole brother
brother-german1340
whole brotherc1400
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > sister > [noun] > whole sister
sister-germana1382
whole brotherc1400
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 375 Ac alle þat beth myne hole bretheren in blode & in baptesme.
1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man sig. k.iv It is also further forbydden, that any man shall marry with hys syster, whether she be his hole syster, or his halfe syster begotten in mariage, or out of mariage.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxv. 893 He made suite for his owne naturall and whole brother by both sides [L. pro fratre germano], & not for a cousin german.
1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus I. 21 John duke of Ostrogothia..conceived the idea of espousing Maria Elizabetha, the young king's whole sister, and his own first cousin.
1796 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 272/1 His whole-brother, Edward, married Martha, daughter of Sir John Roberts, knt.
1884 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 171/1 After her marriage his half-sister slipped away from Mr. Talbert's life. As whole sisters and brothers so often do the same this fact is not astonishing.
1903 Biometrika 2 59 If we examine the case of man we find only three types of fraternal relationship, i.e. whole siblings or half-siblings on mother's or father's side.
2010 C. Bird Sultan's Shadow ii. viii. 92 There were no two whole brothers among Seyyid Said's surviving children, though there were whole sisters.
c. Bookbinding. Forming or used for the whole of a cover. Cf. half adj. 11.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > [adjective] > forming entirety of cover
whole1821
full1823
1821 J. Townley Illustr. Biblical Lit. II. iii. iv. 337 A bookbinder was procured from Lubeck, who engaged to deliver 2000 copies bound in whole leather.
1868 S. G. Drake Catal. Rare, Useful & Curious Bks. 44 Prime copy in original whole binding.
1900 Musical Times Jan. 57/1 Elegantly bound in whole Morocco.
1939 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 87 688 Other early books can have plain whole leather or whole vellum covers.
2004 S. Walsh tr. T. Strawinsky & D. Strawinsky Stravinsky: Family Chron. 135 The walls were covered with books,..with whole-calf bindings on which the gold tooling still gleamed.
†d. Of a team of horses: all of the same colour. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome
claurie1486
self1562
whole-coloured1605
concolour1646
unicolorate1657
unicolorous1657
self-coloured1682
single-coloured1703
unicolor1781
monocoloured1798
monochromic1803
unicoloured1811
concolorous1840
monochrome1849
one-coloured1854
monochromous1857
monochroous1857
monotoned1857
unicolour1860
solid1883
sole-coloured1885
monochroic1886
whole1892
whole-colour1896
single-colour1935
monocolour1955
mono1970
monotonal1973
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > [adjective] > by wheeled conveyance > by horse drawn vehicle > of a team of horses
whole1892
1892 Daily News 31 May 6/1 Sir John, who used always to have a whole team, has now got one brown horse as wheeler.
10. Mathematics.
a. Of a number: equal to one or to a sum consisting of one added to itself a certain number of times; (also) equal to the negative of such a number or to zero; = integral adj. 4a. Esp. in whole number.The whole numbers are those numbers which correspond to whole or entire quantities (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and their negative values (–1, –2, –3, –4, etc.) , as opposed to, for instance, fractional or complex quantities.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > whole
whole?c1425
round1607
brown1611
integral1658
integer1660
?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 17 þou schalt vndurstonde þat mediacion is a takyng out of halfe a nomber out of a holle nomber, as yf þou wolde take 3 out of 6.
1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Aii Some are whole nombers... Other are broken nombers, and are commonly called fractions.
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. ii. f. 69 Take also the halfe of the whole euen number, that is, of 18. which is 9.
1608 R. Norton tr. S. Stevin Disme: Art of Tenths sig. A3v A Whole number is either a vnitie, or a compounded multitude of vnities.
1655 T. Stirrup Descr. & Use Universall Quadrat i. xi. 23 Keeping the second whole; you shall have the fourth number whole also.
1718 Daily Courant 3 Jan. 2/2 (advt.) Arithmetick in whole Numbers, and Fractions, Vulgar and Decimal, with the true and most ready way of calculating Interest.
1742 N. Hammond Elements Algebra 49 We cannot divide 1 by 2 and have the Quotient a whole Number.
1831 F. J. Grund tr. M. Hirsch Coll. Arithm. & Algebraic Probl. 321 Every whole number.., is either itself a prime number, or is a product of equal or different prime numbers.
1855 J. R. Young Compend. Course Math. 87 To find the development of (a + x)n when n is a whole number, either positive or negative.
1912 Monist 22 521 A whole number is that which can be obtained by successive additions, it is that which can be defined by recurrence.
1990 Math. Teacher 83 553/3 Since x is whole, y = 50.
2013 Sunday Globe (Joplin, Missouri) 5 May 1 Third-graders..should be able to interpret products of whole numbers, such as 5 times 7.
†b. Designating a number obtained by multiplying a whole number by itself twice; cubic; = solid adj. 2b. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > multiple > of self or forming powers
solidc1430
quadratec1450
wholec1450
cubic1551
squared1557
sursolid1557
cubical?a1560
zenzic1571
quadrato-quadratic1647
quadrato-cubic1654
biquadratic1668
quadrato-quadratical1668
square-squarea1679
powerfula1690
biquadrate1806
quintic1851
sextic1851
superlinear1865
c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 46 (MED) Of nombres one is lyneal, anoþer superficialle, anoþer quadrat, anoþer cubike or hoole.
B. n.
1. With plural agreement. Chiefly with the. Healthy or uninjured people as a class. Now somewhat archaic.Frequently contrasted with the sick.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > person
wholeOE
well1659
able-bodied1717
valid1882
normal1894
well-woman1941
normotensive1953
abled1960
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) Pref. 175 Crist ure drihten gehælde untrume & adlige, & þes deofol..aleuað & geuntrumað þa halan.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 12 Nys halum [L. valentibus] læces nan þearf ac seocum.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 20119 (MED) To hoole & seke dud she bote.
a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 69 Seke and hole sche dide gode.
1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. H.i Aswell to the sycke as to the whole.
1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 13 Diagnosticke whose most common scope is to discerne..the sick and infirme from the whole.
1676 J. Glanvill Ess. vii. 1 We had all things, both for our Whole and Sick, that belonged to Charity and Mercy.
a1729 S. Clarke Sermons (1730) III. viii. 169 Sin is to the Soul, what Disease or Sickness is to the Body: The Whole, and they that are Sick, are here, in our Saviour's phrase, the Righteous and the Sinners.
1806 La Belle Assemblée July 13/1 As well the sick as the whole..may gulp them [sc. truths] down with pleasure.
1870 Preston Guardian 12 Nov. 6/5 We do hereby authorise you..to visit the whole and the sick therein.
1968 A. Pomerans tr. J. Presser Ashes in Wind 1 Dutch Jewry was..cut down with near-scientific precision—town-dwellers and country-folk, believers and free-thinkers, the whole and the sick.
1990 R. F. Capon Health, Money, & Love 105 Jesus was persuaded that it was the lost and not the found, the sick and not the whole,..who are the signs of God's abiding relationship with his creation.
2.
a. With the or the possessive. The full, complete, or total amount; all the constituent parts, elements, or individuals (of something); the entire thing.In early use occasionally pleonastically or emphatically modified by all; cf. sense A. 8a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount
fullOE
suma1382
universitya1382
your university1385
wholea1393
amountment?a1400
wholenessa1425
hale1437
aggregatec1443
rate1472
total1557
the whole ware1563
lump1576
gross1579
totality1598
universarya1604
general1608
population1612
amount1615
totum1656
totea1772
complete1790
factorial1869
collectivity1882
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4451 (MED) If..That for the hole I mihte have half, Me thenketh I were a goddeshalf.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. i. 883 A tre..haþ no moeuynge of itself, noþer al þe hole, nouþer of parties þerof.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2142 Wel may men knowe but it be a fool That euery part. is diryued from his hool.
1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xiii. 33 Leauen, which a woman tooke and hid in three measures of meale, vntil the whole was leauened.
a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 9 Quhy sould the hoill, for thair desert, That faine wald haue that fact withstand,..beir the blame?
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H4v They that loose halfe with greater patience beare it, Then they whose whole is swallowed in confusion. View more context for this quotation
1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. C3 The very first yeares herrings only, may bring in to the Aduenturer or owner all his whole both Stocke and Charges of 934-5-8 aforesaid.
1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Theoret. Arithm. i. 6 A number that measures the whole, and that which is taken away, will also measure the remainder.
1774 N. Salmon Expeditious Accountant iii. 127 The Debtor and Creditor agree upon an equated Time to pay the Whole at once.
1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 185 Thicken with flour, and pour the whole on the deer when roasted.
1888 C. F. Richardson Amer. Lit. 1607–1885 (1894) II. xii. 438 Its separate elements are true, but its whole is misleading.
1911 C. E. Stowe H. B. Stowe viii. 225 The whole was trimmed with a beading of yellow pine.
1964 J. A. Marsh Cone Shells World 124 The Pacific shell has a pinkish tinge over the whole.
2007 New Yorker 24 Sept. 112/3 Each step or stroke is an integral part of the whole.
b. the whole of: the entirety of; all.Less commonly with a plural noun or pronoun in the dependent phrase, and now chiefly when this has collective denotation (e.g. the whole of the Americas) or when referring to the entirety of each item (e.g. they served the whole of their sentences).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun]
everydeala1300
universityc1384
universal?c1400
the whole ofc1450
alpha and omega1526
entire1597
be-alla1616
all1619
totalitya1631
all-hood1722
entirety1856
totalnessc1864
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 201 Ȝif þou..kepyst treccherously in pryuite stolyn thynges or oþere thinges falsly get..þou art bounde to restore þe hole of þat good.
?1545 J. Bale 2nd Pt. Image Both Churches ii. sig. S.vv Breuelye to conclude the whole of this matter.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xix. f. xcv But the whole of all these mischiefes doeth redounde to hym that is the refuser and caster of.
1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Dial Princes (rev. ed.) i. i. f. 1 By his Epistles and doctrine, the whole of this presente woorke is proued.
1650 Plea for Non-Subscribers 21 In direct contradiction to what the whole of that Estate..had before Voted and Declared to all the world.
1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud Introd. p. vii The whole of both Covenants..are founded upon their different or distinct, substitutive and representative Person or Headship.
1705 J. Gordon Diary 18 May (1949) 144 The whole of what I owed him first & last amounted to 14 lib. 15 sh. 3d.
1791 T. Willis Let. 27 Oct. in G. Washington Papers (2000) Presidential Ser. IX. 125 A 74 Gun Ship..;can fight the whole of her Guns from one or both..Sides of the Ship.
1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 16 Aug. 430 In the whole of my ride, I have not seen much finer fields of wheat.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 13 The whole of the gentlemen of the hunt.
1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 388 The whole of the alphabet has been gone through.
1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Oct. (1987) 28 Tell 'em you've got more in your little finger than they have in the whole of their fact-crammed brains.
1957 P. J. Darlington Zoogeogr. ii. 58 The whole of the Ostariophysi may have radiated from the Old World tropics.
1988 L. Ellmann Sweet Desserts 124 He wanted the whole of me.
2004 P. J. Conradi Going Buddhist 103 The wrong-doings of individuals cannot, he argued, affect the whole of Buddhism.
c. my whole: (in a riddle or charade) the complete word which the individual syllables described or represented (called my first, my second, etc.) make up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word
hard word1533
household word1574
magic word1581
grandam words1598
signal word1645
book worda1670
wordie1718
my whole1777
foundling1827–38
keyword1827
Mesopotamia1827
thought-word1844
word-symbol1852
nursery word1853
pivot word1865
rattler1865
object word1876
pillow word1877
nonce-word1884
non-word1893
fossil1901
blessed word1910
bogy-word1919
catch-all1922
pseudo-word1929
false friend1931
plus word1939
descriptor1946
meta-word1952
discourse marker1967
shrub2008
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > guessing game > specific > specific part
my whole1777
1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 Misc. Ess. 200/2 The removal of my Second formerly served to introduce my First. My Whole is the companion of ashes. Sack-cloth.
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 489/1 My first makes use of my second to eat my whole [French chiendent].
1885 Truth 5 Nov. 738/3 My first is in my second; my third can use my whole.
1914 Crisis Oct. 304/1 My whole is the name of a famous man Guess the answer if you can.
2003 M. Jennings Let Loose Dogs xxiv. 163 My first is the opposite of woman, my second is the reverse of the back, my whole is a dog of a town.
3. A thing made up of combined or connected parts; a complex unity or system; a thing complete in itself. Usually with indefinite article.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole
wholec1450
complexa1652
complexum1664
complexion1678
complication1750
synthesis1865
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] > a composite thing or complex whole
aggregatea1425
wholec1450
partage1593
compagesa1638
complexa1652
composite1656
complexum1664
complicate1664
complexion1678
wholenessa1681
compagea1682
complication1750
synthesis1865
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 175 (MED) Of þinges skars and diminute Nature ne took noght hire produccioun, Bot of a hoole, complet and absolute [L. ab integris absolutisque] Fro all defaut and diminucioun.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Kiijv The integrale partes, whiche make perfecte the whole, and cause the bignesse therof.
1573 R. Lever Arte of Reason iv. 156 Some are very necessary partes to the well being of an whole, and yet not so necessary but that it may haue a being without them.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ii. 7 The soule and body of the world are knit together by the..æthereal spirits,..Joyning each part of the whole [L. vtramque totius partem] into one subsistence.
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xiv. 43 A Whole is that which consists in the Union of any things, or Parts.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 261 All are but parts of one stupendous Whole.
1791 W. Gilpin Remarks Forest Scenery II. 62 It [sc. the view] is what the painter properly calls a whole. There is a fore-ground, a middle-ground and distance—all harmoniously united.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 140 Full of great rooms and small.., All various, each a perfect whole.
1860 J. Brown Horæ Subs. (1861) 2nd Ser. 229 A child begins by seeing bits of everything;..it makes up its wholes out of its own littles.
1932 A. C. McLaughlin Found. Amer. Constitutionalism iii. 80 The critical question was,..whether the Union was a unity, legally speaking, an indivisible whole.
2009 newWitch Winter 28/2 Once the content has been finished, a project developer must weave the pieces into a coherent whole.
†4. Mining. A seam or portion of coal or ore which has not yet been worked, or is in the earliest stages of working. Cf. sense A. 6d. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pillar or area of unworked material
forbar?15..
pillar1591
whole1728
stalch1747
post1793
stenting1812
rib1818
stook1826
man-of-war1835
spurn1837
staple1839
barrier1849
shaft pillar1855
barrier-pillar1881
stoop1881
stump1881
1728 Acct. June (Devonshire Coll., Chatsworth House) in J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms (1998) 169/2 [£1-17-4 paid to] workemen for Cuting wholes in ye Ould Vain.
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. G3 If the Wholes be too Soft, that we think it will let the Forks settle when they come to be weighted, we put a Sill under them.
1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. 30 That quantity of wholes which the Miner takes in his compass before him, as he cuts his way.
C. adv.
1. Completely, entirely; fully, all; = wholly adv. Now somewhat rare.In quot. 1481 pleonastically emphasized by all; cf. sense A. 8a and all whole adv.In later use frequently in (implied or explicit) opposition to half, often (like half) hyphenated to the modified word.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]
fullyeOE
allesOE
fullOE
rightc1175
everydealc1300
wholec1300
whollya1325
finelyc1330
fairly1340
completec1374
gainlya1375
clearly1377
freelya1393
plaina1393
entire?a1400
entirelyc1400
oddlyc1400
sufficientlyc1440
expressc1475
totally1509
completely1526
finec1530
exactly?1531
sincerely1576
start1599
fillingly1611
circularly1618
solid1651
out-over1745
rotundly1775
roundedly?1802
whole hog1840
clear-away1883
whole cloth1917
righteous1948
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2370 (MED) Hal hundred knithes dede he calle, And hise fif thusand sergaunz alle.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2790 (MED) Al the world in Orient Was hol at his comandement.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 279 Now is Scotland hole at our kynge's wille.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2068 That ye haue me susprised so And hole myn herte taken me fro.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) x. 33 Alle the peple hool fledde to fore hym.
a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 310 I myght als weele kepe Aueryll from Rayne As holde yow trewe and make yowe hoole stedfaste.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xiii. sig. Gijv I am hole ignorant of this yonge mans lyuynge.
a1586 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 26 Mortounis race To covatice wes hoill Inclynde.
1656 A. Cowley Mistress (new ed.) 75 in Poems The ills thou dost are whole thine own.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 608 War and the chase engross the savage whole.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. v. 93 Laying a half-dirty cloth upon a whole-dirty deal table.
1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. ii. 48 The half-dressed groom would whole-dress the horse.
1908 Vice-regal Comm. Irish Railways: App to 3rd Rep. 41/2 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4054) XLVIII. 5 Do you know that it costs them as much practically to run the truck when it is half full as when it is whole full?
2004 K. A. Renn Mixed Race Students in College Pref. p. xi When you talk about why it's so important to you to have children who are ‘whole’ black or ‘whole’ Jewish, you need to know that I'm not.
†2. Modifying an adverb, forming adverbial phrases (in which whole may sometimes be construed as an adjective), esp. in whole out: throughout; whole together: all together; (occasionally) entirely. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adverb] > together > all together
whole togethera1400
hale and together1466
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > altogether, entirely, or completely
bedenec1175
all outc1300
downrightc1330
downrightsc1330
at alla1375
whole together1551
in all sorts1559
right out1578
clear1600
neck and heels1647
to rights1663
head over ears1774
neck and crop1791
fair and square1870
in total1965
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through
to the boneOE
through and throughc1225
out and outc1300
from top to tail1303
out and inc1390
(from) head to heel (also heels)c1400
(from) head to foot (also feet)c1425
from top to (into, unto) toec1425
to the skin1526
to one's (also the) finger (also fingers') ends1530
from first to last1536
up and down1542
whole out1562
to the pith1587
to the back1594
from A to (also until) Z1612
from clew to earing1627
from top to bottom1666
back and edge1673
all hollow1762
(all) to pieces1788
from A to Za1821
to one's (also the) fingertips1825
to one's fingernails1851
from tip to toe1853
down to the ground1859
to the backbone1864
right the way1867
pur sang1893
from the ground up1895
in and out1895
from soda (card) to hock1902
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13303 Twelue were þei to telle in dole Whenne þei were to gider hole.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 281 (MED) He sette on a softe paas hool to-geder.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Esdras vi. 28 Also, that they shall buylde the house of the Lorde whole vp.
1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. ccxxv At Sterlyng toune, whiche is the kynges burgh And wynne that shire, all whole out through.
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Kj Some call it wylde succory: but it is hole together smaller.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 50v The bark, pill, or shell of the Citron, is dry and hote in the thyrde degre hole out.
1678 A. Marvell Let. 14 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 224 The Commons were yesterday taken up..in hearing the Cause..which not hauing..heard whole out they orderd for to morrow.
1683 R. V. Romish Mass-bk. 94 Either let them receive the Sacrament whole together, or let them abstain from the whole Sacrament altogether.
1793 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench IV. 605 If they consented and agreed to keep the estate whole together.

Phrases

†P1. whole and some: (following a plural or collective noun or a plural pronoun) the whole number or amount, one and all; (as an adverbial phrase) altogether, entirely; in every respect. Cf. all and whole at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 6b, all and some at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 5a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether
by numbera1375
in numbera1375
in allc1380
first and lastc1390
all wholea1393
in companya1393
in sum1399
full and whole1402
in great1421
whole and somec1425
in (the) whole1432
one with another1436
in (the) hale1437
all in great1533
up and down1562
one and other1569
in (the) aggregate1644
all told1814
c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 424 And all þeire power hooll & soom.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 730 (MED) My body and lyf I putte In thi welde, holich..Into thy Bandom, And At thyn Ordenance hol & som.
a1500 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Harl. 7333) (1878) l. 26 For which the people blisfull hole [a1450 Tanner all] and somme..crydon.
a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fjv Though I be not learned, yet cha mother witte enough whole & some.
1570 J. Drout Pityfull Hist. Two Louing Italians sig. Ciijv The towns men with their gladsom wiues Their housholds whole and some.
1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? ii. 16 Those that answere the Church and her Pastors in your Thesis, are the Scribes & Pharises, in your proofe: who whole and some, head and taile, be Doctors and Pastors of the Church with you.
†P2. as whole as a fish (also trout, etc.) and variants: in excellent health or condition. Cf. fish-whole adj., sound as a trout at trout n.1 1a, as sound as a roach at roach n.1 Phrases. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11884 A noble baþ we shul þe make Bi þat þou com þerof oute þou shal be hool as any troute [Vesp. hale sum ani trute].
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvi. l. 153 (MED) His Arm be-Cam As hol Anon As was fisch that bar A bon.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 265 Anon þe lepur fel from hym and he was hole as a fysche.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiii I am forthwith as hole as a troute.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. v. 18 They are both as whole as a fish . View more context for this quotation
1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions vi. 244 In four and twenty hours he made them as whole as Fishes.
1713 R. Peirce Hist. & Mem. Bath viii. 183 He return'd recover'd,..and continued (as the Proverb says) as whole as a Tench, and as sound as a Trout.
1807 tr. P. Calderón de la Barca Keep your Own Secret ii, in tr. 3 Comedies from Spanish 180 D. Felix. Broken your sword! Why, don't I see it whole by your side? Lazaro. Aye, Sir, as whole as a roach [Sp. entera està].
P3. As noun in prepositional and adverbial phrases.
a. in (the) whole.
(a) Chiefly as in the whole. In total amount; all together, all in all. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether
by numbera1375
in numbera1375
in allc1380
first and lastc1390
all wholea1393
in companya1393
in sum1399
full and whole1402
in great1421
whole and somec1425
in (the) whole1432
one with another1436
in (the) hale1437
all in great1533
up and down1562
one and other1569
in (the) aggregate1644
all told1814
1432 in J. B. Sheppard Let. Bks. Monastery Christ Church Canterbury (1889) 162 (MED) The somme of all the arrears in hool drawyth..to lxx lb. viij d.
1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 108 Mowldes for the feltmakers to mowlde hattes vpon at xvjd the pece in the hole ijs viijd.
1600 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 336 The expence of powder..wch charge in the wholle cannott amount vnto lese then..fyfty pownds yerely.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 270 They were..twice our Number in the Whole.
1754 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 48 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Making up in whole..the sum of nine thousand merks.
1815 S. T. Coleridge Let. to Lady Beaumont 3 Apr. Three poems, containing 500 lines in the whole.
1876 T. Parsons Personal & Prop. Rights of Citizen of U.S. i. v. 139 The house of representatives [of Alabama]..must not exceed in the whole one hundred members.
1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 27 §1 Any..sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of one million pounds.
(b) Chiefly (and now only) as in whole. To the full amount; in full; entirely, completely, wholly.Frequently contrasted with in part.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > in full or to fullest extent
to the full1340
at the fulla1375
at one's righta1425
in (the) wholea1475
every (each) whit1526
full due1574
in gross1606
in full habitudea1661
to capacity1958
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 88 (MED) To the which payment and couenaunte..Iohn and Robert bounde them-self and euerych of them in the hole.
1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentaunce sig. Cjv They..whych..wyll prate our merites or workes to satisfy for our sinnes in part or in whole.
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 71 In the whole a notable ruffler, and in euery part a dowty braggard.
1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 374 To make himselfe righteous by his own works, either in whole or in part.
1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 41 To plant it [sc. an army] Nationally, it must be..either Monarchically in part,..or Monarchically in the whole.
1737 E. Smith App. Cure of Deism 4 This..Author neither receiving the Christian Revelation in Whole, nor rejecting it in Whole.
1771 M. Peters Winter Riches i. 12 Feeding, or ploughing, in whole or in part, according as they may be wanted.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. vi. 118 They may have been spurious in the whole, or incorrect in every part.
1855 G. Neil in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers Introd. 8 This Work ought to be printed in whole.
1913 Act 3 & 4 George V c. 20 §123 Any creditors whose claim he has rejected in whole or in part.
1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Dec. 13/3 The two hundred or so bastle houses which survive in whole or in part.
†b. by the whole: = by wholesale at wholesale n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > in large quantities
by (also at, in) wholesale1417
in great1447
by greatc1475
by the whole1592
by the yard1845
in block1870
in bulk1908
like peas1959
1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. E4v If the Currier bought not Leather by the whole of the Tanner, the shoomaker might haue it at a more reasonable price.
1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. i. sig. *L2/2 Vendre en bloc, ou en gros, to sell by the whole, to sell one with another.
c. on (also upon) the whole.
(a) Taking the whole of the facts or circumstances into account; all things considered. Formerly occasionally with †of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > in general terms or not in detail > as a whole
one or other?1544
upon the whole matter1612
on the whole1624
in the (whole) complex1661
in the large1943
1624 J. Reynolds Votivæ Angliæ sig. Dv The Cardes are soe cunninglie shuffled betweene them, that uppon the Whole, Bavaria is but Spaynes Depositor, and the King of Spayne, Bavaria's Patrone and protector.
1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage 126 Upon the whole, Shakespear is by much the gentiler Enemy.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. III. 392 Upon the whole of this treaty, it was considered as inglorious to the English.
1780 W. Cowper Rep. Adjudged Case 21 On the whole it appears..that the spectacles plainly were made for the Nose.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lx. 578 Still, upon the whole, he is as well in his native mountains.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 179 [I] determined that the Alps were, on the whole, best seen from below.
1914 Rep. Royal Comm. Landing of Arms Howth 6 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7631) XXIV. 805 Upon the whole our opinion was that the fracas was just of such a kind and dimensions as a small force of police would have quickly settled.
1953 K. M. Briggs Personnel of Fairyland Gloss. 221 The Silky of Black Heddon in Northumberland had one close resemblance to a brownie... But on the whole perhaps she belonged more to the class of ghosts than of brownies.
2011 D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast & Slow (2012) xxxv. 381 How was it, on the whole?
†(b) In short, to sum up; in conclusion; ultimately. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Lett. written in Italy i. 3 in tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. v Upon the whole I have nothing more to do, than to take up the Bulls sub plumbo.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 18 We came up with them, and in a word, took them all in, being..sixty four Men, Women, and Children... Upon the whole, we found it was a French Merchant Ship.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. iii. 246 Upon the whole he was unanimously sentenced to die.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 599/2 On the whole, Olivarez seems to have been always averse to peace.
(c) For the most part; in general; by and large.
ΚΠ
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. vi. 118 She liked him..upon the whole much better than she had expected. View more context for this quotation
1825 U.S. Lit. Gaz. 15 Nov. 152 This book belongs, on the whole, to the ancien régime of novel-writing and cannot expect to be received with much favour by the present generation.
1878 R. H. Hutton Scott iii. 34 She made on the whole a very good wife.
1884 W. Pye Surg. Handicraft 23 The patterns of a few of these forceps are given here. On the whole, the most satisfactory is the ‘fenestrated’.
1928 Observer 22 Jan. 14/6 The new Measure has not, upon the whole, such a ‘good Press’ as that which the House of Commons rejected in December.
1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 36 The houses are on the whole more modest too, chiefly cottages now resolutely prettified.
2000 Jazz Jrnl. Feb. 51/4 The second set is less successful on the whole, with some numbers going on too long.
d. as a whole: as a complete thing (rather than in separate parts); as a unity; in its entirety, all together. Also (with reference to a plural noun) as wholes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase]
more and lessa1400
by greatc1475
of greatc1503
more and min1578
as a whole1643
1643 A. Steuart Some Observ. & Annot. Apologeticall Narration 29 The whole Militant Church, may be considered (as other things)..either as a Totall, or Totally, as a Whole or wholly.
1691 R. Burthogge Nature Church-govt. iii. 45 The Argument I used loses all its force with you, because..you consider it only in pieces; not as a whole.
1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 2 It [sc. a print] may have an agreeable effect as a whole, and yet be very culpable in its parts.
1797 tr. J. S. Beck Princ. Crit. Philos. ii. ii. 265 He hopes too, that nature, contemplated as a whole and in relation to its substratum, is a moral world-order.
1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 125 No man can pronounce..on the faults of a poem; till he has seen..the beauty of the poem as a Whole.
1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) II. vi. 210 How readily nations, considered as wholes, always yield to the spirit of the time.
1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 697 A close division in the committee might be reversed on appeal to the cabinet as a whole.
2000 Independent on Sunday 23 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 40/3 The attention now drawn to this homophobia means that we miss the crucial importance of hysterophobia in the theory as a whole.
P4. the whole man, the whole person: a person considered in all aspects of his or her existence, as physical, intellectual, spiritual, etc.Now esp. with regard to the education or medical treatment of all aspects of a person; cf. holistic adj.
ΚΠ
1526 W. Tyndale Prol. Epist. Rom. sig. a viiv Paule calleth flesshe here..the whole man, wyth lyfe, soule, body, wytte, wyll reason, and whatsoever he is both wyth in and with oute.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. x. sig. Qq.iiiv/1 Originall sinne is the vice or deprauation of the whole man.
1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 422 To plow up thy Heart, and Harrow thy whole man.
1678 Young Man's Calling 72 The unhinging of the whole man from things of nobler worth toward God.
a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. i. 5 The Obedience which God requires is impartial and universal, the Obedience of the whole Man.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 3 Our vices, whose deep taint With slow perdition murders the whole man, His body and his soul!
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man!
1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost xiii. 377 Education is the formation of the whole man—intellect..character, mind, and soul.
1960 F. H. Hoffman et al. in Psychosomatics 1 249/2 Throughout the United States, concern with teaching about the whole man—‘holistic’ or comprehensive medicine—is a growing phenomenon in the medical school curriculum.
1991 Chron. Higher Educ. 9 Jan. b69/2 (advt.) Candidates are expected to demonstrate a commitment..to whole person education oriented to the adult student.
2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xviii. 239 The practice of spiritual healing, which uses the power of the spirit to balance and heal the whole person, takes several forms.
P5. colloquial. whole-seas over: completely drunk. Also in shortened form whole-seas. Now rare. [Humorously after half-seas-over adj.] .
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > completely or very drunk
drunk as a (drowned) mousea1350
to-drunka1382
as drunk as the devilc1400
sow-drunk1509
fish-drunk1591
swine-drunk1592
gone1603
far gone1616
reeling drunk1620
soda1625
souseda1625
blind1630
full1631
drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord1652
as full (or tight) as a tick1678
clear1688
drunk (dull, mute) as a fish1700
as drunk as David's sow or as a sow1727
as drunk as a piper1728
blind-drunkc1775
bitch foua1796
blootered1820
whole-seas over1820
three sheets in the wind1821
as drunk as a loon1830
shellaced1881
as drunk as a boiled owl1886
stinking1887
steaming drunk1892
steaming with drink1897
footless1901
legless1903
plastered1912
legless drunk1926
stinko1927
drunk as a pissant1930
kaylied1937
langers1949
stoned1952
smashed1962
shit-faced1963
out of (also off) one's bird1966
trashed1966
faced1968
stoned1968
steaming1973
langered1979
annihilated1980
obliterated1984
wankered1992
muntered1998
1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 267 ‘What the devil do you want, sir?’ cried Mr Moffat furiously, who was by this time nearly whole-seas over.
1821 Joseph the Book-man 85 Some, half-seas, like fools do swagger, While other some, whole-seas, do stagger.
1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 7 May All were now fairly whole seas over, though the sparkling vintage had not begun to flow.
1935 Observer 29 Sept. 17/4 The riotous charm with which Mr. Norman Shelley brings a rolling tar, whole seas over, into port.
P6. chiefly British. whole-of-life.
a. = whole-life adj. (a) at Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1853 Rep. Select Comm. Assurance Assoc. 242 in Parl. Papers 1852–3 (H.C. 965) XXI. 1 The annual premium for a whole of life insurance is generally about 2l. when that for one year's insurance is 1l.
1930 W. Penman Advantages of Insurance v. 29 It has become..rather the fashion to deplore the fact that most of the policies issued in this country are on the endowment insurance plan, and that comparatively few policies are written on the whole of life plan.
2000 Investor Nov. 88/2 Everyone and their granny used to contribute..to..a whole-of-life policy to provide sufficient funds for their funeral.
b. = whole-life adj. (b) at Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1993 Advertiser (Adelaide) 10 July 2/2 ‘This man has done the ultimate robbery—..he has robbed us of our daughter...’ For committing that ‘robbery’, Garforth was given a rare whole-of-life sentence.
2004 P. Hodgkinson in Death Penalty: Beyond Abolition (Council of Europe) 178 Their lordships did extract a reassurance from the Home Secretary that such whole of life prisoners would continue to be regularly reviewed.
P7. whole or part: full or partial; cf. in whole or in part at Phrases 3a(b).
ΚΠ
1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 292 The evidence for Shakespeare's whole or part authorship.
1922 Foreign Commerce & Navigation (U.S. Bureau of Foreign & Domest. Commerce) p. v A vessel is reported as entered at the first port in the United States where the whole or part cargo is unladen.
1991 Antique Collector Dec. 77/1 In Britain, works of art..can be accepted by the Inland Revenue in whole or part settlement of an inheritance tax liability.
P8. colloquial (originally U.S.). a whole lot: to a great extent or degree; very much. Chiefly modifying a comparative adjective or adverb. Cf. lot n. 18, deal n.1 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > to a great extent or by far
great quantityc1330
far forthly1362
by farc1380
well awayc1390
by half?a1400
by mucha1450
far (and) away1546
by a great sort1579
to stand head and shoulders abovea1683
(by) a long way1741
by a jugful1831
by all odds1832
by a long, damn, etc., sight1834
out and away1834
(by) a long chalk1835
by chalks1835
by long chalks1835
by a street1886
a whole lot1886
1886 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 25 Oct. Fulton can swallow Stewart or any other Republican a whole lot easier than a Democrat.
1898 Argosy July 587 That will be a whole lot more simple than getting past the trocha afterwards.
1923 Liberty (Indiana) Herald 15 Nov. If people will keep in mind those lessons we can have this kind of a record a whole lot oftener.
1969 S. Coulter Embassy xi. 120 I like to figure you're my regular screw, see. A whole lot more exciting.
1988 Star (Tarrytown, N.Y.) 12 Apr. 39/1 She doesn't work a whole lot.
2007 C. Stross Halting State (2008) 52 The sea-cat ferry from Rotterdam to Edinburgh is a whole lot cheaper.
P9. Education and Psychology. whole-or-none: designating a method of marking tests in which a candidate must get every part or answer right in order to be awarded a particular mark or score. Now historical and rare.Chiefly in Educational Psychology, with reference to the Binet–Simon method of establishing mental age, or its subsequent revisions.
ΚΠ
1922 Elem. School Jrnl. 23 235 Partial credit may be given for the single tests as contrasted with the whole-or-none method of the Stanford Revision.
1927 P. B. Ballard New Examiner 183 In the whole-or-none method of marking there is nothing wrong.
2008 C. L. Kundu & D. N. Tutoo Educ. Psychol. (ed. 5) xv. 327 Instead of pursuing the whole-or-none method, it follows the part-method of awarding points to the testees for passing a part of the tests.
P10. the whole caboodle: see caboodle n. the whole kit and boiling, caboodle, etc.: see kit n.1 3. the whole nine yards: see nine adj. 3e. the whole shoot: see shoot n.1 8.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.
a.
(a) Forming compounds used attributively with the sense ‘consisting of, made with, relating to, comprising, or occupying the or a whole —’, as whole-arm, whole-body, whole-day, whole-fruit, whole-house, etc.; (in sense A. 9) whole-leather, whole-worsted, etc. rare before 19th cent.
ΚΠ
1410 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1410 §48. m. 7 Les quelles sount appellez an holworstedbed.
1607 ‘W. S.’ Puritaine i. 4 My fathers layde in dust his Coffin and he is like a whole-meate-pye, and the wormes will cut him vp shortlie.
1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 30 The haunting memory of those whole-day-leaves.
1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life xvi. 246 A grand, whole-arm movement.
1888 Wyman's Commerc. Encycl. 224 There is no more nutritious or palatable preserve in the world than a carefully-prepared whole-fruit jam.
1903 Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 6/3 A whole-leather boot could not be honestly purchased under 7s. 11d.
1947 Radiology 49 283/1 To determine whether a daily dose of whole-body irradiation when given over a period of several hours produced the same injury as when given within minutes.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 8 (advt.) Your Trane Comfort Corps consultant is a full-time specialist in whole-house air conditioning.
1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. R13/1 There is..a vital need in primary schools to plan on a whole-school approach to achieve balanced and effective integration.
2002 Inquirer Mag. 5 May 25/1 Hover's version of a rarely imported Malaysian mackerel that he calls devil fish is one of the best whole-fish dishes around.
(b) Forming parasynthetic adjectives.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxvv If thou bye ky or oxen to fede..loke well..that he..be hole mouthed and want no teth.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xii. f. 111v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Flies..whether they be cut wasted, or whole bodyed..are voyde of poyson.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ail masle, the Whole-headed Garlicke.
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) i. 2 He is whole skin'd, has no hurt yet.
1683 London Gaz. No. 1910/4 A new whole skirted Black Saddle having the Seat of Velvet and the Skirts of Hogs skin.
1767 Compl. Grazier xl. 215 When they [sc. rabbits] are full grown, they are said to be whole skinned (i.e. their fur is full grown).
1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 209 The first genus, which he calls ‘wholemouthed’..is my genus of ‘turbo’ among the..snails.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 660 If the carts are whole-bodied, the steward proceeds after the back-board is removed, to hawk out the dung; but if they are tilt or coup-carts [etc.].
1882 Cent. Mag. June 244/1 Tim Byrne..spoken to—he, the one whole-coated farmer of the place.
1904 A. C. Bradley Shakespearean Trag. 313 A quick-witted though not whole-witted lad.
1967 Brain 90 610 The hand jerks in..and sweeps the food with a whole-handed pickup.
2001 J. van Maurik Writers on Leadership 35 Adair, by using case studies supported by historical examples and analogies from the arts, could be argued to have produced a ‘whole-brained’ definition.
b.
whole-brain adj. of or relating to the entire brain.
ΚΠ
1939 Physiol. Rev. 19 149 (heading) O2 uptake in μl..by 0.5 gram minced whole brain tissue.
1961 Lancet 21 Oct. 907/1 Whole-brain irradiation was used..to ensure that all the tumour was included in the volume irradiated.
1981 A. Zuboff in D. Hofstadter & D. Dennett Mind's I xii. 205 All those impulses which cross from one hemisphere to another during a whole-brain experience just can't make it across the gap that has been opened between them.
2012 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 23 Nov. 26 The method draws on the creative side of children's brains as well as exercising the logical side, bringing about what Mr Hancock calls ‘whole-brain thinking’.
whole-cannon n. now historical [after demi-cannon n.; compare also later half adj. 8] a cannon of the largest bore, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 42 pounds (approx. 19 kg) or more; cf. demi-cannon n. a.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces
serpentinec1450
culverin1515
headstick1516
slang1521
sling1547
basilisk1549
basilc1565
Roaring Meg1575
serpitanta1578
whole culverin1577
cannon1587
whole-cannon1589
cannon pedro1625
royal mortar1761
Long Tom1812
serpent1830
twelve-incher1909
Big Bertha1914
big boy1917
Lizzie1925
1589 Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. 52 Verie much great ordinance, as whole Cannon, Dimi-Cannon, Culuerins and such like.
1723 E. Stone in tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments v. 147 Ordnance..an Eight-Pounder, a Demi-culverin, a Twelve-Pounder, a Whole-Culverin, a Twenty-four-Pounder, a Demi-Cannon, Bastard-Cannon, and a Whole-Cannon.
2010 A. May tr. O. van Nimwegen Dutch Army & Mil. Revol., 1588–1688 iii. 142 The States-General ordered the making of the casts for six whole-cannon, twelve demi-cannon and six 12-pounders.
whole-cell adj. of or by whole cells; consisting of or involving whole cells.
ΚΠ
1961 A. E. Mirsky & S. Osawa in J. Brachet & A. E. Mirsky Cell II. x. 749 A number of tests indicate that the thymus nuclear fractions are free of appreciable cytoplasmic or whole-cell contamination.
1993 L. Margulis et al. Illustr. Gloss. Protoctista p. xix/2 Often the fusion events are followed by programmed death, i.e., pycnosis..leading to nuclear or whole-cell disintegration.
2014 Contra Costa Times (California) (Nexis) 8 Aug. Acellular pertussis vaccines..cause fewer reactions than the whole-cell vaccines that preceded them.
† whole-chase boot n. Obsolete a large riding boot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > for specific purpose > for riding > types of
whole-chase boot1656
jemmy1753
bota1828
troop-boot1885
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Whole-chase Boots, are whole hunting, or large riding Boots.
1769 E. Buys New & Compl. Dict. Terms Art II Whole Chase Boots, Winter Riding Boots, Hunting Boots, Laarzen, Stevels.
† whole-chested adj. Obsolete having a healthy chest; (figurative) bold, loyal (cf. chest n.1 9b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy > of specific parts
unfootsore?a1500
whole-chested1576
well-blooded1615
regular1694
clean1733
peptic1827
eupeptic1831
competent1881
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [adjective]
holdc893
trueOE
leala1300
truefula1350
faithfula1375
true-hearted1465
liege1478
well-wishing1548
allegiant1556
vowed1560
lewtifull1563
whole-chested1576
devotious1583
devote1597
loyal-hearted1599
devoted1600
resolved1600
real1639
fidelious1650
liegeful1872
1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi vi. f. 29 Thou art whole chested in the brest like an owle.
1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Ded. 37 We are whole-chested, and our Breastes doe hold A single Hart, that is as good, as great.
a1640 P. Massinger Guardian iv. i. 64 in 3 New Playes (1655) A well timbred youth..he's whole chested too.
whole-colour adj. = whole-coloured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome
claurie1486
self1562
whole-coloured1605
concolour1646
unicolorate1657
unicolorous1657
self-coloured1682
single-coloured1703
unicolor1781
monocoloured1798
monochromic1803
unicoloured1811
concolorous1840
monochrome1849
one-coloured1854
monochromous1857
monochroous1857
monotoned1857
unicolour1860
solid1883
sole-coloured1885
monochroic1886
whole1892
whole-colour1896
single-colour1935
monocolour1955
mono1970
monotonal1973
1896 Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 1/2 The collection includes a series of whole-colour porcelain and soft paste blue and white.
1943 Times of India 27 Nov. 7/5 Whole colour coatings..have advanced to Rs. 2-8 to Rs. 2-8½ a lb.
2010 A. Gough & A. Thomas Breed Predispositions to Dis. in Dogs & Cats (ed. 2) 53/1 All coat colours affected, but more common in lines originating from whole colour ancestors.
whole-coloured adj. of the same colour all over; cf. whole-colour adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > monochrome
claurie1486
self1562
whole-coloured1605
concolour1646
unicolorate1657
unicolorous1657
self-coloured1682
single-coloured1703
unicolor1781
monocoloured1798
monochromic1803
unicoloured1811
concolorous1840
monochrome1849
one-coloured1854
monochromous1857
monochroous1857
monotoned1857
unicolour1860
solid1883
sole-coloured1885
monochroic1886
whole1892
whole-colour1896
single-colour1935
monocolour1955
mono1970
monotonal1973
1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 318 Iacob..set the particoloured sheepe before, and Labans whole coloured sheepe behinde.
1793 Monthly Rev. Sept. 19 If a bard appeared in his whole-coloured robe, even between armies in the heat of action, both parties would instantly desist.
1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 42 Scales whole-coloured or indistinctly two-coloured.
1907 R. Leighton's New Bk. Dog 429 The litter will consist of some whole-coloured blacks, and some whole-coloured whites.
2012 W. Linnenkohl & D. C. Knottenbelt in K. Coumbe Equine Vet. Nursing (ed. 2) i. 20/2 Some authorities require that chestnuts (horny deposits on insides of limbs) are marked on the forms for whole coloured or grey animals.
wholecrop n. a crop in which the stem, leaves, and grain are harvested together, typically for use as animal feed; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops
fleece1513
white crop1743
green crop1744
root crop1772
row crop1776
robber1777
mix-grass1778
breaking-crop1808
industrial crop1818
foliage crop1831
kharifa1836
scourge-crop1842
overcrop1858
by-crop1880
coppice-with-standards1882
sewage grass1888
trap-crop1899
cleaning crop1900
nurse crop1907
cover crop1909
smother crop1920
stoop crop1928
snatch crop1937
break crop1967
wholecrop1968
1968 Agriculture Apr. 157 The modern drier can dry almost any kind of greencrop, including such ‘unlikely’ crops as wholecrop beans and forage maize.
2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 38/2 Advice..that the area was not suited to maize and that he should grow whole-crop.
2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 8/2 I feed a lot of wholecrop in the late summer and early autumn.
2013 Wilts. Gaz. & Herald (Nexis) 28 Dec. This barley was made into wholecrop silage as it was so infested with blackgrass.
whole culverin n. now historical [after demi-culverin n., first attested in the same source; compare also half adj. 8] a large culverin, typically capable of firing projectiles weighing 18 pounds (approx. 8 kg); cf. demi-culverin n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces
serpentinec1450
culverin1515
headstick1516
slang1521
sling1547
basilisk1549
basilc1565
Roaring Meg1575
serpitanta1578
whole culverin1577
cannon1587
whole-cannon1589
cannon pedro1625
royal mortar1761
Long Tom1812
serpent1830
twelve-incher1909
Big Bertha1914
big boy1917
Lizzie1925
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1868/2 Fourteene whole Culuerins.
1822 W. James Naval Hist. Great Brit. I. 18 The whole culverin and demi-culverin became subsequently the 18, and the 9 pounder.
2007 J. Kinard Artillery ii. 53 The two basic sizes were the demiculverin, firing an 8-pound ball, and the full-sized or whole culverin, firing an 18-pound projectile.
whole-eared adj. now rare (a) having the ears whole or uncut; (b) listening intently, ‘with all one's ears’ (rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from injury > specific
unhewna1400
unstangeda1400
uncutc1426
unbirsed1435
unpricked1561
unpoisoned1579
unvenued1581
unwrung1604
unbruiseda1616
unstung1615
unbraineda1627
pierce-free1629
whole-eared1681
unscalped1726
bite-free1730
unembowelleda1731
unbleeding1812
unlamed1839
undrugged1868
undislocated1876
unjabbed1891
unshot1897
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [adjective] > listening > listening intently
whole-eared1681
wide-eared1866
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > listening attentively
listeninga1275
attending1599
whole-eared1681
on or upon the listen1788
wide-eared1866
ear-bending1912
1681 London Gaz. No. 1633/4 A large light Brindle Mastiff Dog,..whole-Ear'd.
1781 T. R. Nash Coll. Hist. Worcestershire I. p. lxxiv If there be any swine then found whole eared..they shall be forfeited, and the lord shall have two parts, and the chief forester the third part.
1826 N. T. Carrington Dartmoor Pref. p. xxxiii All whole eared cattle, found at any time in the forest, are also forfeited.
1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder.
1962 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 19 Oct. 7/2 He said grinding the whole-eared corn for silo was new for them this year.
whole-earther n. (also with capital initials) colloquial a person who is actively concerned about the protection or preservation of natural resources and wildlife; an environmentalist. [ < Whole Earth in Whole Earth Catalog (name of a magazine and product catalogue published periodically in the United States from 1968) + -er suffix1. In quot. 1970 quoting an article in the periodical (January 1970, 23/1).]
ΚΠ
1970 Area 2 9 ‘They lead..right into the dead end meat grinder,’ as a Whole-Earther bluntly put it.
1975 Times 5 Aug. 12/7 The ‘amenity lobby’..includes a new wave of ‘whole earthers’: notably the Conservation Society founded in 1966..and Friends of the Earth.
2010 Star Phoenix (Saskatoon, Sask.) (Nexis) 19 Jan. a3 Environmentally safe when used responsibly—whole-earthers use it [sc. lye] in their..homemade soaps.
whole enchilada n. slang (chiefly North American) (with the) a thing in its entirety; the whole situation; everything, ‘the works’.
ΚΠ
1951 Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) 22 Oct. 4/4 Who started the expression, ‘the whole enchilada’?
1960 Los Angeles Times 6 Mar. d8 Indeed it is, complete with swimming, hiking, tennis—the whole enchilada.
1993 Network June 42/2 Groove is key, but it's not the whole enchilada.
2003 Time Out N.Y. 14 Aug. 90/1 It was originally released in the U.S. with one story missing; here's your chance to see the whole enchilada.
whole-eyed adj. having the eyes wide open; staring intently; (of a look) intent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > staring or gazing
gloringa1400
staring1483
glowering?a1513
gazing1553
gauring1558
gawish1567
gazeful1595
gawking1817
gazy1883
whole-eyed1911
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > observing closely
narrow-eyed1600
examining1649
sharp-eyed1672
wide-eyed1789
whole-eyed1911
1911 ‘M. Field’ Dian i. iv, in Trag. Pardon 170 Such talisman As in a little lake kept Charlemagne gazing Whole-eyed before it while the day went on.
1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xv. 198 The village turned out to listen to them in whole-eyed and whole-eared wonder.
a2001 J. Still From Mountain, from Valley (2005) 86 Death hovering over pin-feathered squab With whole-eyed glance upon an infertile egg.
whole-feather n. now rare a variety of pigeon distinguished by having all its feathers the same colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types
porcelainc1530
turn-pate1611
light horseman1661
runt1661
smiter1668
helmet1676
mammet1678
Cortbeck1688
turbit1688
turner1688
dragoon1725
finicking1725
Leghorn1725
nun1725
owl1725
petit1725
trumpeter1725
horseman1735
Mahomet1735
barbel1736
turn-tail1736
frill-back1765
blue rock1825
beard1826
ice pigeon1829
toy1831
black1839
skinnum1839
splash1851
whole-feather1851
spangle1854
swallow1854
shield1855
stork pigeon1855
Swabian1855
yellow1855
archangel1867
dragon1867
starling1867
magpie1868
smerle1869
bluette1870
cumulet1876
oriental1876
spot fairy1876
turbiteen1876
blondinette1879
hyacinth1879
Modena pigeon1879
silver-dun1879
silverette1879
silver-mealy1879
swift pigeon1879
Victoria1879
visor1879
ice1881
swallow pigeon1881
velvet fairy1881
priesta1889
frill1890
1851 J. M. Eaton Treat. Almond Tumbler 11 The amazing power of the Almond Tumbler to throw all shades of colour—whole feather, agate, splash, broken, or spangle, is one of the chief causes.
1879 L. Wright Pract. Pigeon Keeper 118 A Splash..may often be mated to advantage with a Whole-feather.
1916 Jrnl. Brit. Dairy Farmers' Assoc. 30 175 The adult whole feather or whole-feathered Agate, as well as the 1915 class in the same colours, were exceedingly fine.
whole-feathered adj. (of a pigeon or other bird) having all its feathers the same colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular or same colour feathers
white-feathered1583
whole-feathered1683
sultry1783
1683 London Gaz. No. 1799/4 A large black Mayled, whole Feathered, and thorough mewed Falcon.
1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons vi. 195 I have referred to whole-feathered fantails, such as white, black, blue, silver, red, and yellow.
1973 Amer. Pigeon Jrnl. 536/1 There is also the Whole-feathered Agate; which shows no white on the surface of its plumage.
whole-genome adj. of or relating to the entire genome of an organism, or the majority of it.
ΚΠ
1979 Jrnl. Math. Biol. 7 220 This report describes a novel method of nucleotide sequence analysis, which is particularly suited for whole genome analysis.
2006 Science 24 Mar. 1768/3 (caption) Whole-genome alignment showing the positions of orthologous genes.
2012 Time 24 Dec. 44/2 The cost for an individual's whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is $7,500 and falling fast.
whole holiday n. now chiefly historical [after half-holiday n.] a full (working) day observed or given as a holiday; cf. half-holiday n. 2.holiday, without qualification, is now the usual term.
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society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > day or night
holidaya1400
play-day1558
playing day1575
non Le1636
whole holiday1753
rest day1800
Sunday out1837
day off1853
evening out1870
stop-day1879
night off1885
night out1890
off1926
1753 E. Moore World 31 May 131 A whole holiday is granted to the school in consideration of the merit of the copy of verses which is adjudged the best.
1834 Factories Inq. Comm.: Suppl. Rep. Employm. Children in Factories ii. C.1. 291 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 167) XX. 1 They have six whole holidays and four half holidays in the year, besides Sundays.
1917 E. Ferber Fanny Herself xviii. 304 She had given the maid a whole holiday.
2001 D. Bray Hong Kong Metamorph. ii. 20 The school had a custom of having two whole holidays about a month after the beginning of term and a month before the end.
whole-hoofed adj. (also whole-hooved) now historical having undivided (uncloven) hooves; cf. whole-footed adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) > [adjective] > having undivided hoofs
whole-hoofed1553
whole-footed1607
firm-hoofed1646
solidungulous1650
soliped1656
solipedous1686
solidipedous1712
solidungular1819
solidungulate1839
solid-hoofed1842
solipedal1882
solid-hooved1910
1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 16/2 Whole hooued, solipes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlvi. 351 In some parts of Sclavonia, the Swine are not cloven-footed, but whole houfed [L. solidas habent ungulas].
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 187 The Quadrupeda, whereof some are μονώνυχα, whole-hooft, such as Asses, Mules, Horses.
1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. 198 A Family..to which he has given the ancient appellation of Soliped or whole hoofed.
2011 E. H. Jarow in S. J. Rosen Food Soul i. 4 Manu..gives a long list of animals that cannot be eaten (carnivorous birds, whole-hoofed animals, parrots, and fish, to name a few).
whole language n. Education an approach to teaching children basic language skills which emphasizes contextual language use, rather than traditional instruction in phonics, grammar, spelling, etc.
ΚΠ
1973 Reading Res. Q. 8 489 Youngsters have built their perceptual categories from whole language and not by learning each phoneme in isolation or in syllables.]
1977 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 15 Feb. Ms. Renault's address was titled ‘A Whole Language Approach to a Basal Reading Lesson’.
1985 Lang. Arts Nov. 717 Whole language..goes beyond the simple delineation of a series of teaching strategies to describe a shift in the way in which teachers think about and practice their art.
2004 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 29 Dec. a18 Theories such as ‘whole language’ (children need only understand concepts, not spelling or grammar)..have failed to deliver.
whole-leaved adj. [compare post-classical Latin integrifolius (1588 or earlier)] having leaves that are simple or entire.
ΚΠ
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. viii. 326 The single, or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.]
1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 503 Whole-leaved Water hemp Agrimony.
1906 M. V. Slingerland Bronze Birch Borer 73 A cut-leaved birch was killed before a tree of the whole-leaved form only a rod or two distant showed any signs of being infested.
1912 H. H. Thomas Garden at Home xxvi. 185 A scattering of lime and soot, or a little Vaporite or Kilogrub dug into the soil, usually suffices to ensure a whole-leaved plant, especially if a search [for slugs] is occasionally made with a lantern.
2005 W. B. Logan Oak 280 There are small-, whole-leaved deciduous oaks, and huge-, lobed-leaved evergreen oaks.
whole-life adj. (a) Insurance designating life insurance which pays a specified amount only on the death of the person insured, and for which the premiums are usually payable each year until such time; of or relating to such insurance; (b) British designating a judicial sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole; relating to or subject to such a sentence.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [adjective] > insurance policy types
tontine1790
whole-life1832
term1834
floating1839
all risks1885
third party1901
non-profit1905
knock for knock1906
stamped1913
warehouse to warehouse1922
without-profit(s)1924
with-profit(s)1924
loaded1928
unit-linked1966
no-fault1967
new-for-old1984
critical illness1986
1832 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 4 Dec. 1/1 The rates of premium for a Whole Life Policy being too high to admit of their securing a sufficiently large amount in case of death.
1895 Sat. Rev. 26 Oct. 546/1 The compound bonus..seems low by comparison with the liberal treatment accorded to whole-life insurers.
1920 E. B. Fackler Notes Life Insurance xii. 90 A man entering at the age of 25 will be given $76 of whole life insurance for 5 cents a week.
1978 Ebony Oct. 109/1 Term premiums keep going up with age and will at some point become higher than the whole life premium.
1994 Independent (Nexis) 3 Apr. 11 Despite the failure of the Home Secretary, Michael Howard, to win Cabinet backing for ‘whole life’ sentences last week, he has written to John Major with a list of 20 murderers he has decided must stay in jail until the end of their natural lives.
2013 D. Kennedy Five Days 95 I sold him a whole life policy last year, which pays out five percent above the deductible.
2013 A. Baker Life Imprisonm. iii. 32 A number of whole life prisoners have been trying to challenge their tariff in the European Court of Human Rights.
whole-minded adj. (a) of sound mind, sane, rational; (b) giving one's whole mind to something, completely interested or involved.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [noun] > condition of
whole-mindedness1528
intentiveness1561
intentness1642
undistractedness1660
fascination1768
concentrativeness1823
preoccupancy1830
absorbedness1833
concentratedness1835
engrossment1838
raptness1856
fixedness1863
absorbancy1909
1528 T. Wyatt tr. Plutarch Quyete of Mynde sig. a.iv Onely of them that are hole mynded [L. mentis compotes], that long afore prepared, they may be long moost profytable.
1657 G. Hutcheson Expos. John (xiv. 1) 279/2 Christs dearest disciples and true followers..were troubled perplexed and confounded. So that whole minded men have need to look about them.
1817 E. O'Reilly Irish-Eng. Dict. Uileinntineach, whole-minded, unreserved.
1842 F. Byrdsall Hist. Loco-foco iv. 64 The reading of the foregoing letter..was warmly received, because there was a whole-minded frankness in it.
1920 A. C. Buckley Basis of Psychiatry ii. x. 413 The whole-minded ‘aged’ persons who seem to furnish the exceptions are in reality regarded as examples of normal senility.
2007 M. Deutscher Judgm. after Arendt ii. v. 65 Being divided against itself, the self cannot be whole-hearted or whole-minded in what it pronounces.
whole-mindedness n. (a) complete interest or involvement; (b) mental health; balance of mind.
ΚΠ
1813 J. J. Gurney Jrnl. 31 Oct. in Mem. (1902) vi. 105 Now is the time for whole mindedness and industry.
1884 H. Varley Terse Talk on Timely Topics 69 A temporary residence in an asylum might be useful as affording a season for reflection and return to wholemindedness.
1906 Lit. World 15 Nov. 504/2 Whilst admitting..the great spirit and immense intellectuality of the woman, he cannot but feel..a lack of sincerity, of whole-mindedness.
1968 D. Krook in P. King & B. C. Parekh Politics & Experience xi. 327 The kibbutz people enjoy it with a peculiar intensity, whole-heartedness and whole-mindedness of enjoyment.
2002 M. Robinson Peace between Sheets viii. 138 Another source, A Course in Miracles, also declares that relationships are God's plan for restoring us to whole-mindedness.
whole moulding n. Shipbuilding a method of ship design in which the shape of the frame at the midship section of the hull is determined first, with those of the frames at other sections being derived from this via incremental modifications.Although the number of different forms of hull which can be produced in this way is limited, whole moulding continues to be used as a traditional method for building small vessels.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > methods of construction or working
housing in1627
whole moulding1711
anchor stock fashion1780
bracket system1874
shadow-building1891
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 80 This Fashion is call'd Whole Moulding.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 159 By whole-moulding, no more is narrowed at the floor than at the main breadth.
2005 F. V. de Castro Pepper Wreck iii. 35 All whole-molding methods share one feature: the shape of a number of frames is predesigned.
whole note n. Music †(a) [compare Latin and French parallels cited at whole tone n.] = whole tone n.; cf. half note n. 1a (obsolete); (b) [compare French note entiere (1681 or earlier)] a semibreve, as the longest note in ordinary use (now U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone
whole note1574
second1597
tone1609
whole tone1636
note1762
deuce1829
1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 6 A marke, betokenyng a whole note vpon euery stryng opon.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶v A whole note is that which the Latines call integer tonus, and is that distance which is betwixt any two notes, except mi & fa.
1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 250 The Difference of [a Fourth and Fifth] they agreed to call a Tone; which we now call a Whole note.
1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 75 There has been a contrivance in this organ for transposing half a note, a whole note, or a flat third, higher.
1834 L. Mason Man. Boston Acad. Mus. 46 If eight notes are sung to one beat, thirty-two will occur to one whole note. These are called thirty seconds, [demisemiquavers].
1860 W. Woodman Singing at Sight made Easy x. 332 A Major Seventh, containing five whole notes and a semitone, or eleven semitones.
1973 T. Karp Dict. Music 266/1 Around 1250 a diamond-shaped note was used for a third, still smaller value, called a semibreve (the equivalent of a modern whole note).
2012 J. Magee Irving Berlin's Amer. Musical Theatre iv. 126 The refrain opens, too, with a clear case of ‘eye music’—in the score, the melody's whole notes look like pearls.
whole number rule n. Physics the empirical rule that the atomic weights of isotopes are close to being whole numbers; cf. Prout's hypothesis n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > theory or law of
anomœomery1678
atomic theory1755
Dulong and Petit's law1863
Rutherford's formula1906
whole number rule1920
Bohr('s) theory1923
string theory1975
superstring theory1975
1919 F. W. Aston in Nature 18 Dec. 393/2 Of more than forty different values of atomic and molecular mass so far measured all, without a single exception, fall on whole numbers.]
1920 Nature 15 July 619/2 This exception from the whole number rule is not unexpected.
1950 Studies 39 9 There is, however, a small residual difference from the ‘whole-number rule’.
2010 M. Wolfsberg et al. Isotope Effects i. 21 (caption) From the results he was able to formulate the Whole Number Rule.
whole plate n. Photography (now chiefly historical) a photographic plate having standard dimensions of 81/ 2 inches by 6 1/ 2 (approx. 21.6 cm by 16.5); cf. plate n. 21.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > plate > types of
screen plate1843
whole plate1850
quarter-plate1854
wet plate1859
stripping-film1885
gelatin dry plate1890
panchromatic1906
1850 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 28 Dec. 2/5 Mr. North has just received a whole plate German Camera..which is the only one in this city.
1917 Camera June 319/1 For enlarging from the whole-plates I arranged a support for a camera inside a small window in the dark-room.
2004 Digital Photographer No. 24. 27/3 Other cameras in his kit bag include a Gandolfi whole plate camera..and a 6 x 12 Horseman.
whole pull n. Campanology [after half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2, first attested in the same source] a handstroke followed by a backstroke (or vice versa); cf. half-pull n. at half adj. Compounds 2.Formerly in plural with singular agreement.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific
set peal16..
grandsire1668
whole pull1668
bob1671
peal1671
course1677
set changes1677
single1684
single change1688
Plain Bob1702
Stedman1731
Superlative Surprise1788
touch1788
triple1798
triple bob major1809
maximus1813
royal1813
call changes1837
slam1854
cater1872
cinques1872
triple change1872
plain hunt1874
plain hunting1874
quarter peal1888
method1901
short course1904
1668 Tintinnalogia 54 Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke,..so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time.
1788 W. Jones et al. Clavis Campanalogia iii. 20 Every time half hunt lays down her whole pull behind, call a bob, and this method with three bobs completes the peal.
1872 H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Church in Church Bells Devon iii. 228 A ‘whole pull’ includes swinging the bell round twice, off from the balance, and round up to the balance again... In whole-pull ringing each bell makes a whole pull to every change.
1999 Independent on Sunday 26 Dec. 18 Two whole pulls and we'll stand on the hand-stroke.
whole roasted adj. (of meat, nuts, etc.) roasted complete rather than cut up into pieces prior to roasting.
ΚΠ
1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 48 They will consecrate vnto thee a wild whole roasted Buffle, and therewith sing an excellent hymne.
1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 148. ⁋1 A whole roasted Ox, (which was certainly the best Way to preserve the Gravy).
1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xxviii. 117 The third side-course..was goodliest of all:—whole-roasted elephants, rhinoceroses, and hippopotamuses, stuffed with boiled ostriches, condors, cassowaries, turkeys.
1949 Washington Post 21 Jan. c16/3 Peanut butter sandwiches..garnished with halves of whole roasted peanuts.
2010 M. R. Poole et al. Frommer's San Francisco 2011 vi. 134 You'll find better known traditional items such as braised beef short ribs, whole-roasted rabbit and a variety of well-prepared seafood.
whole-rock adj. Geology relating to or involving the use of a complete rock sample in a procedure, rather than one or more of its constituent minerals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [adjective] > rock sample
mesoscopic1957
whole-rock1960
1960 K. I. Mayne in A. A. Smales & L. R. Wager Methods Geochem. vi. 163 Whole rock analysis still remains to be an established technique of sufficient precision for many geological problems.
1979 A. W. Hofmann in E. Jäger & J. C. Hunziker Lect. Isotope Geol. 215 The evidence for a Caledonian age of the pre-Hercynian gneisses rests in part on two whole-rock Rb-Sr isochrons.
2008 E. W. Sawyer Atlas Migmatites 34/1 Whole-rock composition is commonly used to classify rocks.
whole-sail adj. designating a wind in which a ship (esp. a yacht) can safely carry full sail (full sail n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > allowing specific sails to be carried
topsail cole1390
loom1600
reef-topsail1693
topgallant1697
whole-sail1824
1824 J. F. Cooper Pilot III. i. 8 I gave the frigate my topsails, in beating out of the Chesapeake..I could always do it, in smooth water, with a whole-sail-breeze.
1885 Sat. Rev. 3 Jan. 11/1 The heeling occurs only in strong whole-sail winds.
1997 D. R. Mac Gregor Schooner (2001) 120 The Illustrated London News had some splendid engravings..of the races with the vessels often at close quarters in whole-sail breezes.
whole shift n. Music (now historical and rare) a movement of the fingers down the fingerboard of a stringed instrument (esp. a violin), so that the index finger is in the position of the third finger in the ordinary (or first) position (see shift n. 15a); now usually called third position; cf. half-shift n. at half adj. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
c1765 tr. C. Tessarini Accurate Method to attain Art of playing Violin ii. 8 Scale for the Violin upon the half and whole Shifts.
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII. at Shift The first, or whole shift, is placing the first finger where the third was.
1906 Musical Times 47 666/2 After this, advance the hand on the finger-board to the whole-shift.
1972 S. M. Nelson Violin & Viola v. 106 Both he [sc. Geminiani] and Mozart advocate the use of second position (called the half-shift; third position was the whole shift).
whole silk n. [after post-classical Latin holoserica garment made entirely of silk (5th cent.), use as noun of feminine of holosericus made entirely of silk (4th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek ὁλοσηρικός of silk < ancient Greek ὅλος whole (see holo- comb. form) + Hellenistic Greek σηρικός of silk (see Seric adj.)] fabric consisting entirely of silk; a type or piece of this; cf. half-silk n. at half adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > whole silk
whole silk1662
1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxii. 246 The tongue is cloathed with a fimbrious or seamy coat like unto whole silk [L. Holoserici].
1735 London Daily Post 17 Dec. One of the instances of the Luxury and Profuseness of Heliogabalus [was] that his Cloaths were made of whole Silk.
1840 Athenæum 30 May 427/1 About the beginning of the last century silk began to be mixed with woollen,..and some pieces of whole silk were occasionally wrought.
1901 W. Ashburner Rhodian Sea-law p. cclxii C. 40..fixes the proportions which they are to pay: one-tenth of gold, one-fifth of silver, and one-tenth of whole silks or pearls.
2010 X. Liu Silk Road in World Hist. v. 99 In Baghdad, the caliph's tiraz factories made tiraz-inscribed robes of honor from whole silk.
whole-souled adj. originally U.S. = wholehearted adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [adjective]
needfulOE
anguishous?c1225
eager?a1300
throc1330
fierce1377
desirousc1386
affectuousa1400
yeverousa1400
inwardc1402
earnestful?1406
rathe?c1450
zealing1459
increc1480
affectual1483
zealous1526
affectioneda1533
jealous1535
heartyc1540
affectivec1550
earnest1563
pricking1575
forward1587
affectionate1598
passiveless1602
zealful1602
full-hearteda1616
wholehearted1644
intense1645
high1649
covetous1652
thorough-hearted1656
keen as mustard1659
fell1667
fervent1673
smirk1674
zealed1679
prest1697
strenuous1713
enthusiastic1741
enthusiastical1755
whole-souled1821
con amore1828
lyrical1875
mustard1919
gung ho1942
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [adjective] > absorbed, engrossed
absolute1483
rapta1500
wrapped1548
full1578
bewrapped1589
immerse1626
wholehearted1644
undistracted1659
absorpt1697
wrapped (up) in1711
deep1735
absorbed1763
undiverted1798
unindifferent1813
whole-souled1821
absorbing1825
wrapped1884
hung-up on1966
1821 S. P. Waldo Life & Char. S. Decatur v. 60 He thus addressed the whole-souled tars of the ship.
1893 F. W. L. Adams New Egypt 209 A most vigorous and whole-souled resentment.
1944 A. F. Tyler Freedom's Ferment i. 41 The whole-souled young reformers of this period..threw their energies into social reform.
2013 N.Y. Times 21 July br14 Her patriotism was whole-souled, ferocious and probably the only uncomplicated thing about her.
† whole-steal n. Obsolete theft of something in its entirety, or on a large scale; wholesale theft.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] > wholesale
whole-steal1649
1649 P. Lightfoot Battell with Waspes Nest 42 Whom you have so unworthily used, as to steale his arguments by whole-steale and never to owne him.
whole stitch n. Lacemaking [after half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2] a bobbin-lace stitch in which the threads are interlaced as though weaving cloth; also called cloth stitch; cf. half-stitch n. at half adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > loops or stitches
purl1564
jours1865
punto a maglia1865
whole stitch1870
fibre-stitch1882
hollie stitch1882
star1882
streak stitch1882
Venetian stitch1882
leadwork1900
Kat stitch1919
1870 Englishwoman's Domest. Mag. 1 May 298/1 I do not think that any one, however clever at needlework, could find out ‘whole’ stitch or ‘half stitch’..without a hint or two from a clever teacher.
1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making xi. 187 It is made of whole stitch and there is only an edge on the outside.
2008 G. Ward Grove Encycl. Materials & Techniques in Art 313/2 Whole stitch creates a dense clothwork or toilé, comparable to a tabby-woven textile.
† whole-stone adj. Obsolete rare designating lime to which water has not yet been added to form calcium hydroxide; not slaked; cf. quicklime n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > lime materials > [adjective] > slaked > not
unsleckedc1386
unquenched?c1425
unsleaked1526
unblushed?1548
unslaked1598
unslissed1598
unslacked1656
unslake1660
whole-stone1703
in shells1799
1703 Churchwardens' Accts. Bucknall, Lincs. (MS) 3 Chalden of wholestone Lime.
whole-time adv. and adj. now chiefly South Asian (a) adv. for the customary full number of working hours; full-time; (b) adj. occupying all a person's working time, or the total normal working hours; full-time; (of a person) employed on a full-time basis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > while something lasts or during
alongOE
whole-time1837
1837 St. James's Chron. 15 Apr. 5/6 One mill-owner has proposed to his hands to choose whether they will work half-time, or work whole time upon a reduction of wages.
1865 H. Fawcett Econ. Position Brit. Labourer iii. 113 The children who are at school half the day and are at work the remaining half,..really do more work in a day than used to be done by those children who were employed whole time.
1872 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 2 Apr. 2/3 That fourteen instead of thirteen years should be the age at which whole-time work might be undertaken.
1906 Athenæum 13 Oct. 421/3 The Inspector of Colleges..will be a whole-time officer of the University.
1918 Act 8 Geo. V. c. 5 Sched. i. §4 Engaged in whole-time work..of national importance.
1984 Times of India 20 Oct. 5/4 Sixteen out of the 35 members of the U.P. Congress committee executive have offered to work whole-time.
2013 Pakistan Perspectives (Nexis) 30 June Hangal was sacked. Thereafter he became a whole time worker of the Party.
whole-timer n. (a) (now chiefly South Asian) a person who works full time; cf. full-timer n. 2; (b) a child who attends school during the whole of the school hours; cf. full-timer n. 1 (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who works at specific time or hours
night worker1601
daysman?1614
nightman1620
dayworker1802
dayman1821
full-timer1839
whole-timer1840
all-night man1861
part-timer1886
all-timer1891
over-timer1910
Saturdayite1932
nine-to-fiver1945
1840 H. S. Chapman in Rep. Assistant Hand-loom Weavers Commissioners: Pt. II 528 in Parl. Papers (H.L. 14) XXVII. 1 The ‘half-timers’ will earn 1s. 9d. to 2s., and the ‘whole-timers’ 3s. 9d. to 4s. 9d.
1856 Minutes Comm. Council Educ. 1855–6 480 I would divide each class into two divisions, whole-timers and half-timers.
1909 C. E. Woodruff Expansion of Races xii. 185 Factory employees work half the day and go to school the other half, and they make better progress than the whole timers who are really kept in school more hours per day than is good for them.
2013 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 20 Oct. After grade seven, I quit school and started working as a whole-timer to master the skills of stone-carving and inlay (Pietra dura) work.
whole tone n. Music a melodic interval (interval n. 5) equal to two semitones, the largest interval in the ordinary scales; a major second; cf. whole note n. (a), tone n. 4a. [Probably after post-classical Latin tonus integer and tonus totus (both 6th cent. in Boethius). Compare French ton entier (c1400 in Middle French).]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] > tone
whole note1574
second1597
tone1609
whole tone1636
note1762
deuce1829
1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. ii. 12 Whereas dhe rest ar all whole tones.
1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. 2849/2 A redundant second, composed of a whole tone, and a minor semitone.
1853 A. H. Wehrhan tr. A. B. Marx Universal School Music v. 35 A whole tone consists of two sounds belonging to two adjacent degrees, between which there is one intermediate sound... Thus, c and d form a whole tone, for they belong to two adjacent degrees, whilst there is another sound, c sharp or d flat, between them.
1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 26 The ninths and elevenths and whole-tone chords that form the stock-in-trade of Debussy's early mannered style.
2010 R. L. Smith Appalachian Dulcimer Trad. (ed. 2) i. 6 It [sc. the dulcimer] is fretted in a pattern of whole tones and halftones that matches the pattern of whole tones and halftones that constitutes the major scale.
whole-tone scale n. Music a scale which divides the octave into six equal steps, each a whole tone apart. [Compare German Ganztonleiter and Ganztonskala (both 1904 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > other scales
hendecachord1761
pentachord1786
Scotch scale1786
maqam1793
pelog1817
harmonic scale1880
whole-tone scale1900
pentatonic1909
harmonic series1910
blues scale1939
1900 C. W. Grimm Simple Method Mod. Harmony iv. 135 Compare Ex. 86, from Liszt's Dante Symphony, where the bass moves in a whole tone scale.
1977 Time 21 Mar. 62/3 His inclusion of..the whole-tone scale from the Orient (more than half a century before Debussy) suggests that he was exceptionally curious and openminded.
2001 C. Christiansen Jazz Scales for Guitar 75 The whole-tone scale..is made up entirely of whole steps. Because of its construction, every other note can be the root of the scale. This means there are only two whole-tone scales that contain different notes.
whole-word adj. originally and chiefly Education of or relating to an entire word or entire words, esp. with regard to a method of teaching reading in which learners are taught to recognize entire words, as opposed to associating a letter or group of letters with a particular speech sound (cf. whole language n.); (also) designating this method of teaching.
ΚΠ
1939 Elem. School Jrnl. 39 507 If a teacher is planning to emphasize chiefly whole-word recognition without analysis, it is more important for her to know the pupil's status on word-recognition tests.
1964 P. A. D. MacCarthy in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 157 This in turn facilitates the recognition of whole-word patterns.
1991 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 29 319 Whole word slips usually involve the substitution of a target word by another word in the same utterance.
2007 Clover (S. Carolina) Herald (Nexis) 6 Sept. A lot of schools teach a method called ‘whole language’ or ‘balanced literacy’, where they use the whole word method like in the Dick and Jane books.
C2. Compounds of the adverb with past participial adjectives.
whole-bred adj. of pure breeding (opposed to half-bred adj. 1); cf. sense A. 9b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [adjective] > kept for breeding > of good breed
gentle?a1300
generous1594
well-bred1607
whole-bred1667
well-strained1710
standardbred1874
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor > inbreeding > inbred line
whole-bred1667
inbred1888
1667 J. Raymond Folly in Print 83 A frozen dish-clout fore-head Which reacheth to her Crown-a, But if you'l spie, Her hole-bred eye Then come a great way down-a.
1784 Ann. Agric. 2 156 The cows and other cattle whole bred.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. p. xxi A whole-bred Southdown fat wether.
1912 W. T. Grenfell et al. Labrador p. xii (caption) Whole-bred Eskimo dogs.
2005 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 19 Feb. 79 It is hard to escape the claims of Lothian Rising in the second Maiden Race. This whole-bred seven-year-old has very few miles on the clock.
whole-moulded adj. Shipbuilding (now historical and rare) relating to or constructed using whole moulding.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > shaped to specific mould > whole-moulded
whole-moulded1754
1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation ii. ii. 139 This may be formed by fixing a point for the aftermost timber that is whole moulded.
2004 F. M. Hocker in F. M. Hocker & C. A. Ward Philos. Shipbuilding v. 84/1 Once English and French shipwrights had solved the problems inherent in whole molded design methods..they replaced the Dutch as the dominant shipbuilders of Europe.
C3. Compounds of the noun.
whole working n. Coal Mining the extraction of coal from a seam not previously worked in any way; cf. sense B. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mine by type of operation
stream-work1586
opencast?a1650
lavatory1712
lavadero1717
coffin1778
whole working1842
open cut1848
dry- or wet-diggings1849
river diggings1850
placer digging1851
placer working1867
drift mine1882
strip mine1934
1842 Children's Employm. Comm.: 1st Rep.: Mines 57 in Parl. Papers XV. 1 In the first working or whole working the men use candles exclusively, and are safe in so doing.
1914 T. C. Cantrill Coal Mining vii. 96 This operation is known as ‘whole-working,’ i.e. working in the whole or unbroached seam.
2003 C. A. Brown We were All Slaves iii. 113 If the entire coal-bearing area was divided into pillars before any extraction occurred, it was called whole working.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

wholev.

Brit. /həʊl/, U.S. /hoʊl/
Forms: Old English halian, early Middle English hale, Middle English hole, Middle English hool, Middle English hoole, 1600s 1800s– whole; N.E.D. (1924) also records a form 1500s hole.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: whole adj.
Etymology: < whole adj. Compare heal v.1 and hale v.2In Old English (Northumbrian) the prefixed form gehālia (compare y- prefix) is attested (in an isolated occurrence) in the sense ‘to save’ (see quot. OE1 at sense 1c).
rare after Middle English.
1.
a. intransitive. To become whole (whole adj. 1a); to recover from illness; (of a wound, etc.) to heal.In quot. 1999 perhaps punning on to hole up (cf. hole v.1 7).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover or be healed [verb (intransitive)]
wholeeOE
botenc1225
cover1297
amendc1325
recovera1375
warisha1386
recovera1387
healc1390
recurec1400
soundc1402
mendc1440
convalesce1483
guarish1489
restore1494
refete?a1505
revert1531
to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs1589
cure1597
recruit1644
to perk upa1656
retrieve1675
to pick up1740
to leave one's bed1742
to sit up and take nourishment1796
to get round1798
to come round1818
to pull through1830
rally1831
to fetch round1870
to mend up1877
to pull round1889
recoup1896
recuperate1897
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. xxiii. 326 Þa he [sc. the wounded man] ða ongon trumian & haligan [L. sanescere], þa bebead he þæt hine mon gebunde.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxxii. 190 Hyt [sc. þæt sar] sceal berstan & halian [?a1200 Harl. 6258B hala].
?c1450 in Anglia (1896) 18 301 (MED) Of cler hony and rye-flour late bake a kake..And ley't to þe hole of þe festeryd sor..And so it schal holyn.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 15 (MED) Þe oolde feble man schal vse þis deuyn drynk..and wiþinne a fewe dayes he schal so hool þat he schal fele him silf of þe statt and þe strenkþe of xl ȝeer.
1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 517 The wounds whole not.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘It wholes up badly’, the wound does not heal well.
1999 N. Ellis Feasts of Light 11/2 Curl up with a magical book. Tell yourself you are ‘wholing’ up.
b. transitive. To make whole; to heal (a wound), cure (a disease), etc.In Old English apparently only in passive. Such examples could alternatively be interpreted as showing active intransitive use (i.e. sense 1a) with the auxiliary verb be.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person or part
wholeeOE
healc1000
betterOE
i-sundienc1175
salvea1225
botenc1225
savea1250
warishc1250
recurea1382
curec1384
mendc1390
remedya1470
cheerc1540
loosea1637
to pull through1816
rehab1973
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxv. 66 Lege þas sealfe on þæt forode lim.., do spilc to, eft simle niwa oþþæt gehalod sie.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 326 His swura wæs gehalod þe ær wæs forslagen.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 31 Þus þu scealt hine halan.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2039 (MED) Y mouthe his woundes se, Yf that he mouthen holed be.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) v. l. 1952 (MED) With whiche oyle, of soores all grevauns Whiche men suffre, it wil be hooled anoon.
c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 110 Summe wer holed fro certeyn seknesse be þe merites of þis Seynt.
a1874 S. T. Dobell Poet. Wks. (1875) II. 365 Give me something..th' apostolic shadow of your care, Passing by, hath healed of malady, Or wholed in use and grace.
1991 A. Bancroft Spiritual Journey ix. 120 It is as though I have been wholed, made one.
†c. transitive. To save; = heal v.1 3a. Obsolete.Only in Old English.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > specific any evil condition > a thing or person from an evil condition
healc825
wholeOE
redeema1616
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xviii. 11 Uenit enim filius hominis saluare quod perierat : cuom forðon sunu monnes gehaliga uel hæla þæt gelosade.]
OE Blickling Homilies 29 Gif oþer nyten wære to haligienne, & geteod to þon ecan life, þonne onfenge he heora hiwe.
†2. transitive. To make into a whole; to assemble or unite. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > form or make into a whole [verb (transitive)]
wholec1443
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps
wholec1443
consolidate1511
clod1530
thicken?1578
contract1620
acervate1623
lump1624
bundlea1628
club1641
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
commassate1694
slump1822
pack1824
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 123 Of þe soule and of such a body togidere couplid rise þe iije þing dyuerse from hem booþe and holid of hem booþe.
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 186 Þese spechis hoolid and maad of þe ij seid maners.
1844 New Age & Concordium Gaz. 1 Dec. 327 As the human species are to be wholed and divinized,..must not the earth man cease to effect that conjointly with the human earth which only can be effected conjointly with the Divine, when he is celestially and [printed end] terrestrially one.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.int.n.adv.eOEv.eOE
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