wholesomeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈhəʊls(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈhoʊlsəm/

Forms: early Middle English halsum, early Middle English halsumm ( Ormulum), Middle English holesumme, Middle English hollesom, Middle English hollesome, Middle English hollesomme, Middle English holsomm, Middle English holsumme, Middle English hoolsom, Middle English hoolsum, Middle English–1500s holsomme, Middle English–1500s hoolsome, Middle English–1600s holesom, Middle English–1600s holsome, Middle English–1600s (1800s in sense A. 4) holsum, Middle English–1700s holesome, Middle English–1700s (1800s in sense A. 4) holsom, late Middle English whollesom, late Middle English–1700s wholsom, late Middle English–1700s (1800s nonstandard) wholsome, late Middle English– wholesome, 1500s holesoome, 1500s holesum, 1500s hollsom, 1500s hollsum, 1500s holsam, 1500s holsoome, 1500s holsume, 1500s hulsom, 1500s hulsome, 1500s wholesomme, 1500s whollsome, 1500s wholsomme, 1500s–1600s hollsome, 1500s–1600s whollesome, 1500s–1700s wholesom, 1600s howlsom, 1600s howlsum (Lincolnshire); U.S. regional 1800s– hullsome, 1800s– hulsome; Scottish pre-1700 hoilsum, pre-1700 holesome, pre-1700 holesum, pre-1700 hollsome, pre-1700 holsome, pre-1700 holsum, pre-1700 quholsome, pre-1700 uholsome, pre-1700 wholesom, pre-1700 whollsome, pre-1700 wholsome, pre-1700 wholsum, pre-1700 1700s– wholesome; also Welsh English 2000s– oolsome, 2000s– whoolsome.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on an early Scandinavian lexical item. Etymons: whole adj., -some suffix¹.

Etymology: < whole adj. + -some suffix¹, perhaps after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic heilsamr , Old Swedish helsamber (Swedish †helsam ), Old Danish (Danish, now archaic and regional) helsom , all in senses ‘in good health, salutary’). Compare halesome adj., healsome adj., hailsome adj.Compare Dutch †heelzaam in good health, salutary (1573), which may alternatively show a derivation from a verb cognate with whole adj. (compare heal v.¹), and (probably after Dutch) West Frisian hielsum salutary. Compare also West Frisian heilsum , Old Dutch heilsam (Dutch heilzaam (1562 in †heylsamelick )), Old Saxon hēlsam (in hēlsamo (adverb) auspiciously; Middle Low German hēlsam , hēilsam ), Old High German (Middle High German, German) heilsam , all in senses ‘salutary, bringing benefit, salvation, or blessing’, all at least partly derived from nouns probably cognate with whole adj. (see discussion at holy adj.). On forms in wh- (due partly to equivalent graphic forms of whole adj., and partly to the restoration of the long vowel or diphthong under the influence of whole adj.), see discussion at whole adj.

A. adj.

1. Conducive to or promoting (mental or moral) well-being; intended or tending to do good; beneficial, salutary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome

goodOE

wholeOE

wholesomec1175

whole?c1225

hailsome1372

healthfulc1384

haila1393

halea1400

salutairec1450

salutary1490

wholesome1549

salutiferec1550

salutiferous?c1550

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salubrious1659

apple pie1960

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10799 Sannt iohaness fullhtninng wass Halsumm. & god to fanngenn.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 103 Þenne riseð ure helend on his heorte, and techeð him holsum lore.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. vi. 3 The hoole, or holsum, wordis of oure Lord Jhesu Crist.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. l. 3710 (MED) It is nat holsum with goddis to pleie.

a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 3027 (MED) An herber..Ful of flours and of herbes grene, Wonder hoolsom both of syyt and hayr.

c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxi Þei [sc. false prophets] shal not suffre hoolsum lore, but bowe a wey from trewþe.

1535 T. Starkey Let. 15 Feb. in Eng. in Reign Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xvii Holsome ceremonys of the church.

1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie i. f. 22 It is manifeste..that we..do celebrate the memoriall of that One and holsome Sacrifice.

1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A4^v So great a masse of coyne might mount from wholsome thrift.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 695 A good example of wholsome severity.

1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse i. iv. sig. B4^v They are wholsomer company.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 10. ¶5 I will daily instil into them such sound and wholsome Sentiments, as shall have a good Effect on their Conversation.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. vi. 33 Wholesome Admonition and Reproof.

1824 R. Southey Let. 24 May in Selections from Lett. (1856) III. 425 To enjoy better air, keep better hours, and employ herself in quieter and wholesomer pleasures.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar ii. 12 The sober and wholesome manners of life among the early Romans had given them vigorous minds in vigorous bodies.

1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iii. xv. 285 (caption) This organization has done constructive work in redirecting the interests of gangs into more wholesome channels.

1969 Cultural News from India Nov. 43 The annual Agama Silpa Vidwat Sadas..bids fair to be an event of increasing importance and to establish a wholesome tradition.

2000 S. Poole Trigger Happy i. 18 Nintendo was the Beatles: wholesome fun for all the family..; Sega, on the other hand, were the snarling, street-smart gang.

a. Having the property of restoring physical health; remedial, curative, medicinal. Now rare or merged in sense A. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > [adjective]

medicinala1384

wholesomea1387

healinga1398

medicinablea1398

restorativea1398

sanative14..

curatory?a1425

remediable1437

mildlya1475

curable1483

recurablea1500

curative1525

eradicative1543

good1580

physical1580

medicable1590

sanable1598

balsamic1605

therapeutical1606

medicinary1607

medicative1644

medical1646

therapeutic1646

salutary1649

salvative1653

boethetic1656

medicamentary1656

recuperatory1656

sanitating1656

medicamental1657

medicamentous1659

medicating1705

balmy1747

salving1751

sanatorya1832

salubrious1855

medicatory1864

recuperative1872

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 201 (MED) In þis lond Apulia beeþ hote welles and holsom [L. salubres].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. vi. 907 Þough aloe be bitter by kynde, ȝit it is wonderliche profitable and holsom [L. salutiferum], for it purgeþ fleume, colera, and malencolia.

c1400 Comm. on Canticles (Bodl. 288) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 27 Resseyvynge holsum medicyns of her hevenly lechis.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. ix. f. lxxxv That fayr skynne whiche is so holsome [Fr. saine], ye shalle make hit to be..bound vpon your bely, And..hit shalle rendre yow in as good helthe, as euerye were.

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y ij White pepper is holsome [L. valet] for a shakynge feuer.

1557 W. Turner (title) A Booke of the Bath of Baeth..with diverse other bathes moste holsom and effectual.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 105 With wholsome sirrups, drugges, and holy prayers To make of him a formall man againe.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxii. 195 Wholsome pills for the sick.

1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 130 An wholesome Medicine for Child-bed Women.

1736 C. Deering Acct. Improved Method treating Small-pocks 4 It is in your Inclination, to Administer wholesome Remedies to the Needy Sick and Infirm with your own Hands.

1846 Med. Times 30 May 164/1 It [sc. whey] is a most wholesome remedy with individuals who had been a long time under the influence of mercury.

1908 Dominion Dental Jrnl. 20 202 Some parts of it [sc. an academic paper]..may, like an unpalatable but wholesome medicine, leave a bad taste.

b. Promoting or conducive to physical health; health-giving or health-preserving.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health

goodOE

healfulc1340

hailsome1372

haila1393

wholesomea1398

halesomea1400

wholefulc1443

salutairec1450

soundc1460

healsomec1475

healthful1495

saluberrime1509

laudable?1518

sanative1548

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salutiferous1604

non-natural1621

salutary1649

sanitiferous1657

saniferousa1706

constitutional1750

sanitary1853

healthward1884

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > wholesome

wholesomea1398

setea1400

hearty1776

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. xi. 530 In March watir is nouȝt wel holsom [L. sane] to drynke.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 940 For þilke ground þat bereth þe wedys wykke, Bereth eke þese holsome herbes.

c1450 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Complaint Black Knight (Fairf.) l. 14 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 383 To take the holsome lusty eyre.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2877 It is holsom to breke our fast be-tyme.

1528 D. Lindsay Dreme 96 O fair Phebus, quhare is thy hoilsum heit?

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 48^v Abrecockes..are lesse then the other peches and are holsummer for the stomack.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 457 The Ayre is not very holesome, by reason of the situation vnder the Line, and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 847 The still Night, not now..Wholsom and cool, and mild.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 103/1 Flat ceilings are wholesomer.

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 230 Wholsome weeds, that their rich fields abound with.

1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 203 By this means the stable was rendered wholesome, and the horses..continued healthy.

1891 Leeds Mercury 2 May 6/5 Old spirits are more wholesome than the new, which are far more irritating to the stomach.

1924 H. de Sélincourt Cricket Match vi. 190 Wonnerful wholesome stuff celery, they say.

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. vii. 144 The air is wholesome there because of the outlets through fissures in the rock far above.

2000 Marie Claire (Johannesburg) Feb. 157/2 Try the healthy and wholesome ramen noodles in delicious broths.

a. Esp. of a person: in good condition, free from disease, corruption, etc.; physically or morally healthy; virtuous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy

wholeeOE

isoundOE

i-sundfulc1000

ferec1175

soundc1175

fish-wholea1225

forthlyc1230

steadfasta1300

wella1300

safec1300

tidya1325

halec1330

quartc1330

well-faringc1330

well-tempered1340

well-disposeda1398

wealyc1400

furnished1473

mighty?a1475

quartful?c1475

good1527

wholesomea1533

crank1548

healthful1550

healthy1552

hearty1552

healthsome1563

well-affected?1563

disposed1575

as sound as a bell1576

firm1577

well-conditioned1580

sound1605

unvaletudinary1650

all right1652

valid1652

as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655

fair-like1663

hoddy1664

wanton1674

stout?1697

trig1704

well-hained1722

sprack1747

caller1754

sane1755

finely1763

bobbish1780

cleverly1784

right1787

smart1788

fine1791

eucratic1795

nobbling1825

as right as a trivet1835

first rate1841

in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844

gay1855

sprackish1882

game ball1905

abled1946

well-toned1952

a hundred per cent1960

oke1960

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) x. sig. Fj^v He hated delicate and gay nurses, and they that were laborous homely and holsome he loued.

1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 731 The soile is the most plentifull, sweete, fruitfull and wholsome of all the worlde.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 70 It..turnes the thinne and wholesome blood.

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. v. 25 in Wks. II Gamesters, mocke a plaine plumpe soft wench..because she's iuicy and wholesome.

1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. iii. 301 She look'd wholsome, ungain and country.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 206 His..hale, ruddy, wholesome country look, made him out as pretty a piece of woman's meat as you should see.

1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 12 He has not half an inch of wholesome fat Upon his carious ribs.

1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables ix. 149 The purifying influence scattered..by the presence of one youthful, fresh, and thoroughly wholesome heart.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxiv. 35 Ere the wholesome flesh decay.

1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. vii. 197 He was considered too gifted to be wholesome.

1971 ‘A. Cross’ Theban Myst. vii. 96 He hates Rodgers and Hammerstein... Too gooey, too wholesome.

2007 Vanity Fair Nov. 180/2 Dick Clark's faithful assembly of wholesome white teenagers out there in Archie Comics land.

b. In extended use, of a quality, condition, place, etc.Often approaching sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome

goodOE

wholeOE

wholesomec1175

whole?c1225

hailsome1372

healthfulc1384

haila1393

halea1400

salutairec1450

salutary1490

wholesome1549

salutiferec1550

salutiferous?c1550

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salubrious1659

apple pie1960

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jas. iv. f. xxxvii^v Let outragious ioyousnes be chaunged in to holsome [L. salutarem] sadnes.

1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue f. 156^v Some holsome place..Where of the wyse they are accept And entertayned well.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. i. 45 In wholesome wisedome, He might not but refuse you.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 106 O Nation miserable!.. When shalt thou see thy wholsome dayes againe?

1641 in J. E. T. Rogers Protests of Lords (1875) I. 5 Such as shall disturb wholesome order.

1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 223 Pure, quick, and sportful, is the wholesome day.

1751 Earl of Orrery tr. Horace in tr. Pliny the Younger Lett. (Dublin ed.) I. ii. 158 The people wonder, when I brave The wholsome smartness of a colder wave.

1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia (1853) 166 There was a racy, wholesome gusto in his enjoyment of novelty.

1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 63 A wholesome busy city like Manchester.

1924 R. Hichens After Verdict ii. vii. 181 She's always in the wholesome centre... No false steps into side-paths for her.

1971 Petticoat 17 July 12/1 I've covered the yellowing paint with wholesome white.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 3 Oct. 22/3 You'll find the sweetest, most wholesome baby clothes in town.

4. Nautical. Of a ship or boat: stable in the water; not liable to roll.In quot. 1762 in extended use, of the sea: not causing ships to roll.In later use chiefly in the context of racing vessels.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [adjective] > seaworthy or stable

navigable1535

snugc1595

stout1622

stiff1627

wholesome1627

seaworthy1807

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [adjective] > navigable

sailable1555

wholesome1762

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 52 A Ship that will try hull, and ride well at Anchor, we call a wholsome Ship.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 The Top-mast being aloft the Ship is the holsomest, and maketh better way through the Sea.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Ship is said to be holsom at Sea, when she will hull, try, and ride well without rolling or labouring.

1762 Elsdale's Narr. (MS.) The long continuance of the Gale had rais'd a most mountainous sea, but it was remarkably long and wholsome.

1846 Standard 17 Apr. The Terrible..is a much more wholesome vessel, and we never expect to hear of her having maindeck ports stove in by the sea.

1860 W. P. Lennox Pict. Sporting Life II. iv. 86 She's overmasted, and her boom is large enough for a yacht of nearly double her tonnage. By reducing both she will become a wholesome vessel.

1930 Motor Boating Oct. 84/1 (advt.) Thirty feet of honest, wholesome boat..built for bull-dog stamina and unfailing performance.

1988 Yachting Jan. 19/3 Limits which would encourage a fast but at the same time wholesome boat.

2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 20 Dec. 11 On the ocean when the chips are down, a competent skipper and crew in a wholesome boat will overcome just about anything.

B. n. In plural.

1. colloquial or slang. One's health. Chiefly in good for the wholesomes. Also in singular in same sense. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health

healOE

healthc1000

strengthOE

soundc1275

hailc1300

halec1330

quartc1330

liege poustie1340

plight1394

soundness1398

sanity?a1475

quartfulness1483

healthfulness?1535

symmetry?1541

flesh1548

good liking?1560

well-being1561

valetude1575

safeness1576

kilter1582

mens sana in corpore sanoc1605

eucrasy1607

sanitude1652

salubrity1654

wellness1654

healthiness1670

vegeteness1678

wholesome1738

haleness1815

able-bodiedness1857

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 158 Bring me a Dram after my Goose; 'tis very good for the Wholsoms.

1786 A. Mackenzie Gamesters I. 151 A shilling for one lettuce! Why I can buy a dozen of 'em for less money, in Newgate-Market... They're good for the wholesomes, as I tell my Sall.

1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches (ed. 2) 29 You're to go this morning to the mountains on a rough and tumble for the benefit of your wholesomes.

1883 London Soc. Mar. 254/2 Walking is so good for the wholesomes.

1912 Life 7 Nov. 2122 Ethical crispettes—crunchy, palatable and good for the wholesome.

2. Wholesome things or people.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > advantageous or beneficial quality > thing(s)

treacle1340

wholesome1806

1806 R. Hill Village Dialogues (ed. 5) III. xxv. 159 The common black tea he preferred, as being the most wholesome; for where he can save a penny he wonderfully studies the wholesomes.

1858 Brit. Q. Rev. 56 358 To provide..tables of the wholesomes and unwholesomes.

1863 ‘Holme Lee’ Annis Warleigh iii. iii Steer clear of novels before Miss Austen and Scott; if you would like me to make you out a list of amusing wholesomes, I will do it.

1921 Thirty-seventh-eighth-ninth Ann. Rep. (N.Y. Electric Railway Assoc.) 120 That faith in the wholesomes of life is what makes life worth living.

1967 Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 26 Nov. 5 d/1 The two professional wholesomes who have made a good thing out of honky-tonk music.

2008 B. F. Small Olive Horseshoe ii. 15 I had progressed from fresh-faced, corn-fed Midwestern wholesomes to a stylish New York spike-heeled vixen.

Compounds

Forming complementary and parasynthetic adjectives, as wholesome-looking, wholesome-natured, etc.

ΚΠ

1725 J. Morgan in tr. M. Rabadan Mahometism Explained II. Remarks p. xvi Give me a good wholesome looking Girl, and keep your fine-complexioned Beauties to your Selves.

1805 W. Collins Mem. of Painter II. 227 The father is a fine wholesome looking man, turned of forty.

1887 W. Black Sabina Zembra III. xxxix. 55 Those four light-hearted, merry, wholesome-cheeked English girls did not appear to invite psychological study.

1905 D. B. W. Sladen Playing the Game i. xi. 104 An unusually wholesome-natured woman.

1922 Delineator Nov. 7/1 A fair-haired, wholesome-featured little person of nineteen.

2007 Independent 25 June 30/2 A fast-food chain that sells wholesome-seeming burritos.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wholesome
释义	wholesomeadj.n. Brit. /ˈhəʊls(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈhoʊlsəm/ Forms: early Middle English halsum, early Middle English halsumm ( Ormulum), Middle English holesumme, Middle English hollesom, Middle English hollesome, Middle English hollesomme, Middle English holsomm, Middle English holsumme, Middle English hoolsom, Middle English hoolsum, Middle English–1500s holsomme, Middle English–1500s hoolsome, Middle English–1600s holesom, Middle English–1600s holsome, Middle English–1600s (1800s in sense A. 4) holsum, Middle English–1700s holesome, Middle English–1700s (1800s in sense A. 4) holsom, late Middle English whollesom, late Middle English–1700s wholsom, late Middle English–1700s (1800s nonstandard) wholsome, late Middle English– wholesome, 1500s holesoome, 1500s holesum, 1500s hollsom, 1500s hollsum, 1500s holsam, 1500s holsoome, 1500s holsume, 1500s hulsom, 1500s hulsome, 1500s wholesomme, 1500s whollsome, 1500s wholsomme, 1500s–1600s hollsome, 1500s–1600s whollesome, 1500s–1700s wholesom, 1600s howlsom, 1600s howlsum (Lincolnshire); U.S. regional 1800s– hullsome, 1800s– hulsome; Scottish pre-1700 hoilsum, pre-1700 holesome, pre-1700 holesum, pre-1700 hollsome, pre-1700 holsome, pre-1700 holsum, pre-1700 quholsome, pre-1700 uholsome, pre-1700 wholesom, pre-1700 whollsome, pre-1700 wholsome, pre-1700 wholsum, pre-1700 1700s– wholesome; also Welsh English 2000s– oolsome, 2000s– whoolsome. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on an early Scandinavian lexical item. Etymons: whole adj., -some suffix¹. Etymology: < whole adj. + -some suffix¹, perhaps after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic heilsamr , Old Swedish helsamber (Swedish †helsam ), Old Danish (Danish, now archaic and regional) helsom , all in senses ‘in good health, salutary’). Compare halesome adj., healsome adj., hailsome adj.Compare Dutch †heelzaam in good health, salutary (1573), which may alternatively show a derivation from a verb cognate with whole adj. (compare heal v.¹), and (probably after Dutch) West Frisian hielsum salutary. Compare also West Frisian heilsum , Old Dutch heilsam (Dutch heilzaam (1562 in †heylsamelick )), Old Saxon hēlsam (in hēlsamo (adverb) auspiciously; Middle Low German hēlsam , hēilsam ), Old High German (Middle High German, German) heilsam , all in senses ‘salutary, bringing benefit, salvation, or blessing’, all at least partly derived from nouns probably cognate with whole adj. (see discussion at holy adj.). On forms in wh- (due partly to equivalent graphic forms of whole adj., and partly to the restoration of the long vowel or diphthong under the influence of whole adj.), see discussion at whole adj. A. adj. 1. Conducive to or promoting (mental or moral) well-being; intended or tending to do good; beneficial, salutary. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome goodOE wholeOE wholesomec1175 whole?c1225 hailsome1372 healthfulc1384 haila1393 halea1400 salutairec1450 salutary1490 wholesome1549 salutiferec1550 salutiferous?c1550 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salubrious1659 apple pie1960 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10799 Sannt iohaness fullhtninng wass Halsumm. & god to fanngenn. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 103 Þenne riseð ure helend on his heorte, and techeð him holsum lore. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. vi. 3 The hoole, or holsum, wordis of oure Lord Jhesu Crist. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. l. 3710 (MED) It is nat holsum with goddis to pleie. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 3027 (MED) An herber..Ful of flours and of herbes grene, Wonder hoolsom both of syyt and hayr. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxi Þei [sc. false prophets] shal not suffre hoolsum lore, but bowe a wey from trewþe. 1535 T. Starkey Let. 15 Feb. in Eng. in Reign Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xvii Holsome ceremonys of the church. 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie i. f. 22 It is manifeste..that we..do celebrate the memoriall of that One and holsome Sacrifice. 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A4^v So great a masse of coyne might mount from wholsome thrift. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 695 A good example of wholsome severity. 1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse i. iv. sig. B4^v They are wholsomer company. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 10. ¶5 I will daily instil into them such sound and wholsome Sentiments, as shall have a good Effect on their Conversation. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. vi. 33 Wholesome Admonition and Reproof. View more context for this quotation 1824 R. Southey Let. 24 May in Selections from Lett. (1856) III. 425 To enjoy better air, keep better hours, and employ herself in quieter and wholesomer pleasures. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar ii. 12 The sober and wholesome manners of life among the early Romans had given them vigorous minds in vigorous bodies. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iii. xv. 285 (caption) This organization has done constructive work in redirecting the interests of gangs into more wholesome channels. 1969 Cultural News from India Nov. 43 The annual Agama Silpa Vidwat Sadas..bids fair to be an event of increasing importance and to establish a wholesome tradition. 2000 S. Poole Trigger Happy i. 18 Nintendo was the Beatles: wholesome fun for all the family..; Sega, on the other hand, were the snarling, street-smart gang. 2. a. Having the property of restoring physical health; remedial, curative, medicinal. Now rare or merged in sense A. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > [adjective] medicinala1384 wholesomea1387 healinga1398 medicinablea1398 restorativea1398 sanative14.. curatory?a1425 remediable1437 mildlya1475 curable1483 recurablea1500 curative1525 eradicative1543 good1580 physical1580 medicable1590 sanable1598 balsamic1605 therapeutical1606 medicinary1607 medicative1644 medical1646 therapeutic1646 salutary1649 salvative1653 boethetic1656 medicamentary1656 recuperatory1656 sanitating1656 medicamental1657 medicamentous1659 medicating1705 balmy1747 salving1751 sanatorya1832 salubrious1855 medicatory1864 recuperative1872 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 201 (MED) In þis lond Apulia beeþ hote welles and holsom [L. salubres]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. vi. 907 Þough aloe be bitter by kynde, ȝit it is wonderliche profitable and holsom [L. salutiferum], for it purgeþ fleume, colera, and malencolia. c1400 Comm. on Canticles (Bodl. 288) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 27 Resseyvynge holsum medicyns of her hevenly lechis. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. ix. f. lxxxv That fayr skynne whiche is so holsome [Fr. saine], ye shalle make hit to be..bound vpon your bely, And..hit shalle rendre yow in as good helthe, as euerye were. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y ij White pepper is holsome [L. valet] for a shakynge feuer. 1557 W. Turner (title) A Booke of the Bath of Baeth..with diverse other bathes moste holsom and effectual. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 105 With wholsome sirrups, drugges, and holy prayers To make of him a formall man againe. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxii. 195 Wholsome pills for the sick. 1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 130 An wholesome Medicine for Child-bed Women. 1736 C. Deering Acct. Improved Method treating Small-pocks 4 It is in your Inclination, to Administer wholesome Remedies to the Needy Sick and Infirm with your own Hands. 1846 Med. Times 30 May 164/1 It [sc. whey] is a most wholesome remedy with individuals who had been a long time under the influence of mercury. 1908 Dominion Dental Jrnl. 20 202 Some parts of it [sc. an academic paper]..may, like an unpalatable but wholesome medicine, leave a bad taste. b. Promoting or conducive to physical health; health-giving or health-preserving. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health goodOE healfulc1340 hailsome1372 haila1393 wholesomea1398 halesomea1400 wholefulc1443 salutairec1450 soundc1460 healsomec1475 healthful1495 saluberrime1509 laudable?1518 sanative1548 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salutiferous1604 non-natural1621 salutary1649 sanitiferous1657 saniferousa1706 constitutional1750 sanitary1853 healthward1884 the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > wholesome wholesomea1398 setea1400 hearty1776 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. xi. 530 In March watir is nouȝt wel holsom [L. sane] to drynke. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 940 For þilke ground þat bereth þe wedys wykke, Bereth eke þese holsome herbes. c1450 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Complaint Black Knight (Fairf.) l. 14 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 383 To take the holsome lusty eyre. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2877 It is holsom to breke our fast be-tyme. 1528 D. Lindsay Dreme 96 O fair Phebus, quhare is thy hoilsum heit? 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 48^v Abrecockes..are lesse then the other peches and are holsummer for the stomack. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 457 The Ayre is not very holesome, by reason of the situation vnder the Line, and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 847 The still Night, not now..Wholsom and cool, and mild. View more context for this quotation 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 103/1 Flat ceilings are wholesomer. 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 230 Wholsome weeds, that their rich fields abound with. 1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 203 By this means the stable was rendered wholesome, and the horses..continued healthy. 1891 Leeds Mercury 2 May 6/5 Old spirits are more wholesome than the new, which are far more irritating to the stomach. 1924 H. de Sélincourt Cricket Match vi. 190 Wonnerful wholesome stuff celery, they say. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. vii. 144 The air is wholesome there because of the outlets through fissures in the rock far above. 2000 Marie Claire (Johannesburg) Feb. 157/2 Try the healthy and wholesome ramen noodles in delicious broths. 3. a. Esp. of a person: in good condition, free from disease, corruption, etc.; physically or morally healthy; virtuous. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy wholeeOE isoundOE i-sundfulc1000 ferec1175 soundc1175 fish-wholea1225 forthlyc1230 steadfasta1300 wella1300 safec1300 tidya1325 halec1330 quartc1330 well-faringc1330 well-tempered1340 well-disposeda1398 wealyc1400 furnished1473 mighty?a1475 quartful?c1475 good1527 wholesomea1533 crank1548 healthful1550 healthy1552 hearty1552 healthsome1563 well-affected?1563 disposed1575 as sound as a bell1576 firm1577 well-conditioned1580 sound1605 unvaletudinary1650 all right1652 valid1652 as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655 fair-like1663 hoddy1664 wanton1674 stout?1697 trig1704 well-hained1722 sprack1747 caller1754 sane1755 finely1763 bobbish1780 cleverly1784 right1787 smart1788 fine1791 eucratic1795 nobbling1825 as right as a trivet1835 first rate1841 in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844 gay1855 sprackish1882 game ball1905 abled1946 well-toned1952 a hundred per cent1960 oke1960 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) x. sig. Fj^v He hated delicate and gay nurses, and they that were laborous homely and holsome he loued. 1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 731 The soile is the most plentifull, sweete, fruitfull and wholsome of all the worlde. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 70 It..turnes the thinne and wholesome blood. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. v. 25 in Wks. II Gamesters, mocke a plaine plumpe soft wench..because she's iuicy and wholesome. 1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. iii. 301 She look'd wholsome, ungain and country. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 206 His..hale, ruddy, wholesome country look, made him out as pretty a piece of woman's meat as you should see. 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 12 He has not half an inch of wholesome fat Upon his carious ribs. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables ix. 149 The purifying influence scattered..by the presence of one youthful, fresh, and thoroughly wholesome heart. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxiv. 35 Ere the wholesome flesh decay. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. vii. 197 He was considered too gifted to be wholesome. 1971 ‘A. Cross’ Theban Myst. vii. 96 He hates Rodgers and Hammerstein... Too gooey, too wholesome. 2007 Vanity Fair Nov. 180/2 Dick Clark's faithful assembly of wholesome white teenagers out there in Archie Comics land. b. In extended use, of a quality, condition, place, etc.Often approaching sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome goodOE wholeOE wholesomec1175 whole?c1225 hailsome1372 healthfulc1384 haila1393 halea1400 salutairec1450 salutary1490 wholesome1549 salutiferec1550 salutiferous?c1550 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salubrious1659 apple pie1960 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jas. iv. f. xxxvii^v Let outragious ioyousnes be chaunged in to holsome [L. salutarem] sadnes. 1565 J. Hall Courte of Vertue f. 156^v Some holsome place..Where of the wyse they are accept And entertayned well. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. i. 45 In wholesome wisedome, He might not but refuse you. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 106 O Nation miserable!.. When shalt thou see thy wholsome dayes againe? View more context for this quotation 1641 in J. E. T. Rogers Protests of Lords (1875) I. 5 Such as shall disturb wholesome order. 1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 223 Pure, quick, and sportful, is the wholesome day. 1751 Earl of Orrery tr. Horace in tr. Pliny the Younger Lett. (Dublin ed.) I. ii. 158 The people wonder, when I brave The wholsome smartness of a colder wave. 1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia (1853) 166 There was a racy, wholesome gusto in his enjoyment of novelty. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 63 A wholesome busy city like Manchester. 1924 R. Hichens After Verdict ii. vii. 181 She's always in the wholesome centre... No false steps into side-paths for her. 1971 Petticoat 17 July 12/1 I've covered the yellowing paint with wholesome white. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 3 Oct. 22/3 You'll find the sweetest, most wholesome baby clothes in town. 4. Nautical. Of a ship or boat: stable in the water; not liable to roll.In quot. 1762 in extended use, of the sea: not causing ships to roll.In later use chiefly in the context of racing vessels. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [adjective] > seaworthy or stable navigable1535 snugc1595 stout1622 stiff1627 wholesome1627 seaworthy1807 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [adjective] > navigable sailable1555 wholesome1762 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 52 A Ship that will try hull, and ride well at Anchor, we call a wholsome Ship. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 The Top-mast being aloft the Ship is the holsomest, and maketh better way through the Sea. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Ship is said to be holsom at Sea, when she will hull, try, and ride well without rolling or labouring. 1762 Elsdale's Narr. (MS.) The long continuance of the Gale had rais'd a most mountainous sea, but it was remarkably long and wholsome. 1846 Standard 17 Apr. The Terrible..is a much more wholesome vessel, and we never expect to hear of her having maindeck ports stove in by the sea. 1860 W. P. Lennox Pict. Sporting Life II. iv. 86 She's overmasted, and her boom is large enough for a yacht of nearly double her tonnage. By reducing both she will become a wholesome vessel. 1930 Motor Boating Oct. 84/1 (advt.) Thirty feet of honest, wholesome boat..built for bull-dog stamina and unfailing performance. 1988 Yachting Jan. 19/3 Limits which would encourage a fast but at the same time wholesome boat. 2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 20 Dec. 11 On the ocean when the chips are down, a competent skipper and crew in a wholesome boat will overcome just about anything. B. n. In plural. 1. colloquial or slang. One's health. Chiefly in good for the wholesomes. Also in singular in same sense. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health healOE healthc1000 strengthOE soundc1275 hailc1300 halec1330 quartc1330 liege poustie1340 plight1394 soundness1398 sanity?a1475 quartfulness1483 healthfulness?1535 symmetry?1541 flesh1548 good liking?1560 well-being1561 valetude1575 safeness1576 kilter1582 mens sana in corpore sanoc1605 eucrasy1607 sanitude1652 salubrity1654 wellness1654 healthiness1670 vegeteness1678 wholesome1738 haleness1815 able-bodiedness1857 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 158 Bring me a Dram after my Goose; 'tis very good for the Wholsoms. 1786 A. Mackenzie Gamesters I. 151 A shilling for one lettuce! Why I can buy a dozen of 'em for less money, in Newgate-Market... They're good for the wholesomes, as I tell my Sall. 1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches (ed. 2) 29 You're to go this morning to the mountains on a rough and tumble for the benefit of your wholesomes. 1883 London Soc. Mar. 254/2 Walking is so good for the wholesomes. 1912 Life 7 Nov. 2122 Ethical crispettes—crunchy, palatable and good for the wholesome. 2. Wholesome things or people. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > advantageous or beneficial quality > thing(s) treacle1340 wholesome1806 1806 R. Hill Village Dialogues (ed. 5) III. xxv. 159 The common black tea he preferred, as being the most wholesome; for where he can save a penny he wonderfully studies the wholesomes. 1858 Brit. Q. Rev. 56 358 To provide..tables of the wholesomes and unwholesomes. 1863 ‘Holme Lee’ Annis Warleigh iii. iii Steer clear of novels before Miss Austen and Scott; if you would like me to make you out a list of amusing wholesomes, I will do it. 1921 Thirty-seventh-eighth-ninth Ann. Rep. (N.Y. Electric Railway Assoc.) 120 That faith in the wholesomes of life is what makes life worth living. 1967 Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 26 Nov. 5 d/1 The two professional wholesomes who have made a good thing out of honky-tonk music. 2008 B. F. Small Olive Horseshoe ii. 15 I had progressed from fresh-faced, corn-fed Midwestern wholesomes to a stylish New York spike-heeled vixen. Compounds Forming complementary and parasynthetic adjectives, as wholesome-looking, wholesome-natured, etc. ΚΠ 1725 J. Morgan in tr. M. Rabadan Mahometism Explained II. Remarks p. xvi Give me a good wholesome looking Girl, and keep your fine-complexioned Beauties to your Selves. 1805 W. Collins Mem. of Painter II. 227 The father is a fine wholesome looking man, turned of forty. 1887 W. Black Sabina Zembra III. xxxix. 55 Those four light-hearted, merry, wholesome-cheeked English girls did not appear to invite psychological study. 1905 D. B. W. Sladen Playing the Game i. xi. 104 An unusually wholesome-natured woman. 1922 Delineator Nov. 7/1 A fair-haired, wholesome-featured little person of nineteen. 2007 Independent 25 June 30/2 A fast-food chain that sells wholesome-seeming burritos. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1175
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