widowhoodn.

Brit.

/ˈwɪdəʊhʊd/, U.S.

/ˈwɪdoʊˌhʊd/

Forms:

α. Old English wudewanhad, Old English wudewunhad (rare), Old English wuduwanhad, Old English– wydewanhad, late Old English widewanhad, early Middle English widdwesshad ( Ormulum).

β. See widow n. and -hood suffix; also Old English widuwhad (rare), late Middle English wedehode, late Middle English wedowod, late Middle English wodewod, late Middle English wydewood, 1700s widdowwood.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: widow n., -hood suffix.

Etymology: In α. forms < the genitive of widow n. + -hood suffix. In β. forms < widow n. + -hood suffix With sense 1c compare earlier widowhead n. 1c.Some of the β. forms could alternatively be interpreted as showing a phonologically reduced form of the weak genitive singular; see discussion at widow n.

a. The state or condition of being a widow (widow n. 1a); the period of time during which a woman is a widow; (also) the time at which a woman becomes a widow.In early use also regarded as one of three states, with virginity and wedlock, in which a Christian woman may properly live; cf. widow n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > condition of

widowhoodOE

widowhead1381

viduity1420

widowityc1456

widow state1742

viduage1894

OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 201 Ic hyrde, þæt min fæder wæs dead and min moder lifde þa git. Þa wæs ic gemyndig hire widuwhades.

OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judith (Otho) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 114 Iudith þa þurhwunode on hire widewanhade mærlice for gode on micclum wurðmynte.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 85 Meiden þet hire meiden-hat wit and haldeþ..and widewe of hire widewe-had.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 163 Them that worshipfully and perfitly kepe thaire wedwhode.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 320 Anneys, þat was þ^e wyfe of henry sclatter of Eynysham, in her pur weduhod & lauful power beynge, gaf, grauntyd, & confirmyd [etc.].

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xx. sig. g.v^v The quene for her husbande..Remayned in wydohode, and mournynge vesture.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judith x. A She..put of the garmentes of hir wyddowhode.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 215 How much better and safer were it..to get her another good husband,..then to suffer her to liue in this dangerous state of widowhood.

1653 Ld. Vaux tr. A. Godeau Life St. Paul 184 He exhorts Widowes to continue in their widow-hood.

1708 E. Freke Diary 29 July (1913) 75 This is..the best of my usage since my Widowhood.

1753 Scots Mag. 15 54/1 In the 96th year of her age, and 71st of her widowhood.

1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VIII. ix. 25 The many bleak and decemberley nights of a seven years widowhood.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 283 An annuity during widowhood..is good.

1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xviii. 96 Lucretia..was in the deep weeds of widowhood.

1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. i. 25 Mrs. Tregonell..had never been to London since her widowhood.

1923 R. Macaulay Told by Idiot ii. xii. 122 Mrs. Jayne.., soon tiring of widowhood, married a fellow-countryman.

1971 E. L. Doctorow Bk. Daniel iii. 214 She sat on the edge of her sofa with her ankles crossed, with her chin high, in wary widowhood.

2003 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 2 Oct. 55 Widowhood was a lonely time for her although she threw herself into charity work.

b. The state or condition of being a widower; the period of time during which a man is a widower; (also) the time at which a man becomes a widower; = widowerhood n.In early use also used indeterminately with reference to both male and female widows; cf. widow n. 12.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > condition of

widowhoodOE

widowheadc1450

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widower > condition of

widowhoodOE

widowheadc1450

widowership1641

widowerhood1788

OE Ælfric Let. to Sigefyrð (Vitell.) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 20 Wudewanhad is, þæt man wunige on clænnysse for godes lufon..æfter his gemacan mid anrædnysse, ægðer ge weras ge wif.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4624 Forr maȝȝdenn had. & widdwess had. & weddlac birrþ ben clene.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 45 Þre hodes of bilefulle men, on is meidhod, þat oðer spushod, þe þridde widewehod.

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1598 He hadde iwedded two iolif wiues. He liuede and boþe hem ouer bod And was longe in his wideuhod.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 Þe uerste [kind of adultery] is of man oþer of wyfman þet ne habbeþ nenne bend ne of wodewehod ne of spoushod.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §916 Chastitee in mariage and chastitee of widwehode.

1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 250 In my wedowhode, afore I maried this gentilwoman.

1539 Act 31 Henry VIII c. 14 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 739 Whether Vowe of Chastitye or Widowehood made to God advisedly by man or woman be by the lawe of God to be observed or noe.

1644 E. Arnold tr. D. Pareus Comm. Revelation 335 Such as are chaste, whither in widdowhood, married or unmarried estate.

1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica iii. 222 Signor Clemente, being in a state of widowhood.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xviii. 277 It is too soon now, Arthur, to begin a new attachment. Go through the time of your—your widowhood at least, and do not think of marrying until you are out of mourning.

1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve I. vii. 128 During Mr. St. John's widowhood.

1925 S. Kaye-Smith George & Crown iii. viii. 314 His forlorn condition, the appealing youth of his widowhood and fatherhood, had stirred up her maternal feelings toward him.

1960 H. Caldwell Brazilian Othello of Machado de Assis xii. 162 As he remarked upon his widowhood, he was ‘a bachelor by nature’.

2014 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 June (Weekend section) 11 For 30 years he accepted widowhood as a fossilised state.

c. The state or condition of an animal, esp. a bird, that has lost its mate.

ΚΠ

a1652 R. Brome Queenes Exchange (1657) i. ii. sig. B3 What have I done at home, since my Wife died? No Turtle ever kept a widowhood, More strict then I have done.

1719 R. Samber tr. A. Godeau Penitential Tables I. ix. 174 Penitential Sorrow is the Sighing of a Turtle that mourns her Widowhood.

1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist.: Birds 31 Should..one of them [sc. eagles] die or be killed, the survivor is not long left in a state of widowhood.

1891 C. Letourneau Evol. Marriage 27 With the female Illinois parrot..widowhood and death are synonymous.

1908 F. W. Gamble Animal Life ix. 192 Almost the whole life of wasps is one of joyful widowhood.

1921 Sat. Rev. 9 Apr. 305/1 The wild goose..derives his appellation from the legend of that bird's fidelity, even in widowhood, to a single mate.

2009 Waterbirds 32 592/2 Divorces and widowhood often result in missed breeding years in procellariiformes.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts. A state of separation, deprivation, or loss resembling that of widowhood (in sense 1); the period during which such a state lasts.In early use often with reference to the state of the Christian Church after the ascension of Christ, or to the defenceless state of Israel.

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxi. 207 Ðære scame..ðe ðu on iuguðe worhtes ic gedoo ðæt ðu forgietsð & ðæs bismeres ðines wuduwanhades [L. opprobrii uiduitatis tuae] ðu ne gemansð, forðæm ðæt is ðin Waldend ðe ðe geworhte.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. liv. 4 Thou schalt not no more thenke on the schenschipe of thi widewehod.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 51 (MED) Sexagesime..betokeneth the wydewhode of holy chirche.

1608 J. Downame Lect. upon Prophecie Hosea 35 The Lord describing the widdowhood of the Church of Israell.

1659 H. Thorndike Epil. Trag. Church of Eng. i. xx. 185 Surely..they might govern the widowhood of the Church.

1772 J. Macgowan Sure Found. 37 I would address myself to you, my brethren and sisters, as a church now reduced to a state of widowhood.

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xi. 8 The spouseless Adriatic mourns her lord;..The Bucentaur lies rotting unrestored, Neglected garment of her widowhood.

1853 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice II. ii. 12 Mother and daughter, you behold them both in their widowhood,—Torcello, and Venice.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 565 (note) The canons of Durham are met to choose a Bishop after the three years' widowhood of the see.

1925 W. Faulkner Let. 3 Nov. in Thinking of Home (1992) 225 Saturday was the anniversary of my widowhood from the P.O. department.

2011 T. Knox Lost Goddess (2012) 64 The wind was searching among the stones, lamenting its widowhood.

†3. The legal right of a widow during her lifetime to part of her deceased spouse's estate; property inherited in this way; a widow's dower. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > widow with share of husband's property > widow's share of property

dowryc1330

free benchc1436

dower1439

jointure1451

terce1473

mordell1552

terce land1552

widow right1569

free bank1606

widowhooda1616

widow's bench1673

widow's chamber1680

widow's terce1684

dower-land1769

jointure-house1785

bench1795

dower-house1862

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > widow's inheritance

dowryc1330

third1396

free benchc1436

dower1439

terce1473

maritagec1503

mordell1552

terce land1552

widow right1569

frank bank1598

free bank1606

widowhooda1616

widow's bench1673

widow's terce1684

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 124 And for that dowrie, Ile assure her of Her widdow-hood .

1884 Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 16 176 A widow has a life interest, called a widowhood, in the whole copyhold lands held by her deceased husband at his death.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	widowhood
释义	widowhoodn. Brit. /ˈwɪdəʊhʊd/, U.S. /ˈwɪdoʊˌhʊd/ Forms: α. Old English wudewanhad, Old English wudewunhad (rare), Old English wuduwanhad, Old English– wydewanhad, late Old English widewanhad, early Middle English widdwesshad ( Ormulum). β. See widow n. and -hood suffix; also Old English widuwhad (rare), late Middle English wedehode, late Middle English wedowod, late Middle English wodewod, late Middle English wydewood, 1700s widdowwood. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: widow n., -hood suffix. Etymology: In α. forms < the genitive of widow n. + -hood suffix. In β. forms < widow n. + -hood suffix With sense 1c compare earlier widowhead n. 1c.Some of the β. forms could alternatively be interpreted as showing a phonologically reduced form of the weak genitive singular; see discussion at widow n. 1. a. The state or condition of being a widow (widow n. 1a); the period of time during which a woman is a widow; (also) the time at which a woman becomes a widow.In early use also regarded as one of three states, with virginity and wedlock, in which a Christian woman may properly live; cf. widow n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > condition of widowhoodOE widowhead1381 viduity1420 widowityc1456 widow state1742 viduage1894 OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 201 Ic hyrde, þæt min fæder wæs dead and min moder lifde þa git. Þa wæs ic gemyndig hire widuwhades. OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judith (Otho) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 114 Iudith þa þurhwunode on hire widewanhade mærlice for gode on micclum wurðmynte. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 85 Meiden þet hire meiden-hat wit and haldeþ..and widewe of hire widewe-had. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 163 Them that worshipfully and perfitly kepe thaire wedwhode. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 320 Anneys, þat was þ^e wyfe of henry sclatter of Eynysham, in her pur weduhod & lauful power beynge, gaf, grauntyd, & confirmyd [etc.]. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xx. sig. g.v^v The quene for her husbande..Remayned in wydohode, and mournynge vesture. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judith x. A She..put of the garmentes of hir wyddowhode. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 215 How much better and safer were it..to get her another good husband,..then to suffer her to liue in this dangerous state of widowhood. 1653 Ld. Vaux tr. A. Godeau Life St. Paul 184 He exhorts Widowes to continue in their widow-hood. 1708 E. Freke Diary 29 July (1913) 75 This is..the best of my usage since my Widowhood. 1753 Scots Mag. 15 54/1 In the 96th year of her age, and 71st of her widowhood. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VIII. ix. 25 The many bleak and decemberley nights of a seven years widowhood. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 283 An annuity during widowhood..is good. 1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xviii. 96 Lucretia..was in the deep weeds of widowhood. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. i. 25 Mrs. Tregonell..had never been to London since her widowhood. 1923 R. Macaulay Told by Idiot ii. xii. 122 Mrs. Jayne.., soon tiring of widowhood, married a fellow-countryman. 1971 E. L. Doctorow Bk. Daniel iii. 214 She sat on the edge of her sofa with her ankles crossed, with her chin high, in wary widowhood. 2003 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 2 Oct. 55 Widowhood was a lonely time for her although she threw herself into charity work. b. The state or condition of being a widower; the period of time during which a man is a widower; (also) the time at which a man becomes a widower; = widowerhood n.In early use also used indeterminately with reference to both male and female widows; cf. widow n. 12. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > condition of widowhoodOE widowheadc1450 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widower > condition of widowhoodOE widowheadc1450 widowership1641 widowerhood1788 OE Ælfric Let. to Sigefyrð (Vitell.) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 20 Wudewanhad is, þæt man wunige on clænnysse for godes lufon..æfter his gemacan mid anrædnysse, ægðer ge weras ge wif. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4624 Forr maȝȝdenn had. & widdwess had. & weddlac birrþ ben clene. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 45 Þre hodes of bilefulle men, on is meidhod, þat oðer spushod, þe þridde widewehod. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1598 He hadde iwedded two iolif wiues. He liuede and boþe hem ouer bod And was longe in his wideuhod. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 Þe uerste [kind of adultery] is of man oþer of wyfman þet ne habbeþ nenne bend ne of wodewehod ne of spoushod. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §916 Chastitee in mariage and chastitee of widwehode. 1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 250 In my wedowhode, afore I maried this gentilwoman. 1539 Act 31 Henry VIII c. 14 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 739 Whether Vowe of Chastitye or Widowehood made to God advisedly by man or woman be by the lawe of God to be observed or noe. 1644 E. Arnold tr. D. Pareus Comm. Revelation 335 Such as are chaste, whither in widdowhood, married or unmarried estate. 1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica iii. 222 Signor Clemente, being in a state of widowhood. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xviii. 277 It is too soon now, Arthur, to begin a new attachment. Go through the time of your—your widowhood at least, and do not think of marrying until you are out of mourning. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve I. vii. 128 During Mr. St. John's widowhood. 1925 S. Kaye-Smith George & Crown iii. viii. 314 His forlorn condition, the appealing youth of his widowhood and fatherhood, had stirred up her maternal feelings toward him. 1960 H. Caldwell Brazilian Othello of Machado de Assis xii. 162 As he remarked upon his widowhood, he was ‘a bachelor by nature’. 2014 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 June (Weekend section) 11 For 30 years he accepted widowhood as a fossilised state. c. The state or condition of an animal, esp. a bird, that has lost its mate. ΚΠ a1652 R. Brome Queenes Exchange (1657) i. ii. sig. B3 What have I done at home, since my Wife died? No Turtle ever kept a widowhood, More strict then I have done. 1719 R. Samber tr. A. Godeau Penitential Tables I. ix. 174 Penitential Sorrow is the Sighing of a Turtle that mourns her Widowhood. 1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist.: Birds 31 Should..one of them [sc. eagles] die or be killed, the survivor is not long left in a state of widowhood. 1891 C. Letourneau Evol. Marriage 27 With the female Illinois parrot..widowhood and death are synonymous. 1908 F. W. Gamble Animal Life ix. 192 Almost the whole life of wasps is one of joyful widowhood. 1921 Sat. Rev. 9 Apr. 305/1 The wild goose..derives his appellation from the legend of that bird's fidelity, even in widowhood, to a single mate. 2009 Waterbirds 32 592/2 Divorces and widowhood often result in missed breeding years in procellariiformes. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. A state of separation, deprivation, or loss resembling that of widowhood (in sense 1); the period during which such a state lasts.In early use often with reference to the state of the Christian Church after the ascension of Christ, or to the defenceless state of Israel. ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxi. 207 Ðære scame..ðe ðu on iuguðe worhtes ic gedoo ðæt ðu forgietsð & ðæs bismeres ðines wuduwanhades [L. opprobrii uiduitatis tuae] ðu ne gemansð, forðæm ðæt is ðin Waldend ðe ðe geworhte. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. liv. 4 Thou schalt not no more thenke on the schenschipe of thi widewehod. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 51 (MED) Sexagesime..betokeneth the wydewhode of holy chirche. 1608 J. Downame Lect. upon Prophecie Hosea 35 The Lord describing the widdowhood of the Church of Israell. 1659 H. Thorndike Epil. Trag. Church of Eng. i. xx. 185 Surely..they might govern the widowhood of the Church. 1772 J. Macgowan Sure Found. 37 I would address myself to you, my brethren and sisters, as a church now reduced to a state of widowhood. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xi. 8 The spouseless Adriatic mourns her lord;..The Bucentaur lies rotting unrestored, Neglected garment of her widowhood. 1853 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice II. ii. 12 Mother and daughter, you behold them both in their widowhood,—Torcello, and Venice. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 565 (note) The canons of Durham are met to choose a Bishop after the three years' widowhood of the see. 1925 W. Faulkner Let. 3 Nov. in Thinking of Home (1992) 225 Saturday was the anniversary of my widowhood from the P.O. department. 2011 T. Knox Lost Goddess (2012) 64 The wind was searching among the stones, lamenting its widowhood. †3. The legal right of a widow during her lifetime to part of her deceased spouse's estate; property inherited in this way; a widow's dower. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > widow with share of husband's property > widow's share of property dowryc1330 free benchc1436 dower1439 jointure1451 terce1473 mordell1552 terce land1552 widow right1569 free bank1606 widowhooda1616 widow's bench1673 widow's chamber1680 widow's terce1684 dower-land1769 jointure-house1785 bench1795 dower-house1862 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > widow's inheritance dowryc1330 third1396 free benchc1436 dower1439 terce1473 maritagec1503 mordell1552 terce land1552 widow right1569 frank bank1598 free bank1606 widowhooda1616 widow's bench1673 widow's terce1684 a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 124 And for that dowrie, Ile assure her of Her widdow-hood . View more context for this quotation 1884 Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 16 176 A widow has a life interest, called a widowhood, in the whole copyhold lands held by her deceased husband at his death. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOE
随便看	unjesuited unjewish unjingoistic unjobed unjogging unjoin unjoined unjoining unjoint unjointed unjointing unjoints unjolly unjolted unjostled unjournalistic unjournalized unjourneyed unjovially unjoyed unjoyful unjoyfully unjoyous unjoyously unjudge