† wieln.

Forms: Old English wigel, Old English wigl, Old English wigle, early Middle English wiel, early Middle English wigel, early Middle English wiȝel, early Middle English wiȝele, early Middle English wihel, early Middle English wiȝeleden (plural, transmission error), early Middle English wiȝes (plural, transmission error).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Ultimately < the same Germanic base as wiele v. Compare wieler n., wieling n., and wiele n. Compare also wile n. and the discussion at that entry.In Old English the assumed core sense is ‘magic’, specifically with reference to magical practices of soothsaying and divination (compare later use in Middle English and the senses of the related words, as wieling n., etc., and the discussion at wiele v.). However, the word is comparatively rare in Old English and the attestations all reflect extended use. Compare also Old English steorwigl study of the stars (especially in astrological contexts) (compare star n.¹ Compounds 2a).

Obsolete.

1. A piece of magic or act of sorcery; a ruse or trick, esp. one carried out by supernatural means. In Old English also: a pagan religious rite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun]

wielingeOE

wielOE

craftOE

witchcraftOE

witchdomOE

telingc1230

demerlaykc1275

dweomercraeftc1275

sorcerya1300

magicc1387

maleficec1390

jugglerya1400

precination1503

witchery1546

maleficiousness1547

prestigiation?c1550

wizardry1583

magie1592

dark art1613

prestigion1635

conjurement1645

magomancy1652

wizardism1682

thaumaturgy1727

warlockry1818

witchwork1827

brujería1838

wizardship1882

trolldom1891

mojo1923

pixie dust1951

witchering1956

old religion1964

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] > act(s) of

wielOE

witchcraftsOE

telingc1230

sorceries1357

witcheries1573

witchering1818

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion

wielOE

illusionc1374

phantoma1375

delusion1552

allusion1595

blandation1612

prestigy1615

mirage1813

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Salisbury 38) in Anglia (1891) 13 33 [Ad tortas simulacrorum] ceremonias : wiglum.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 11 Þe deuel..makeð þe unbilefulle man to leuen swilche wigeles, swo ich ar embe spac.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 59 Modie meistres..fondeden hire ofte o swiðe feole halue forto under-neomen hire, ah nes þer nan þet mahte neuer enes wrenchen hire mid al his crefti crokes ut of þe weie, ah swa sone heo ȝeld ham swucche ȝein-cleppes & wende hare wiheles uppon ham seoluen.

2. Sorcery; trickery. In Old English also: divination.In quot. OE referring to prediction of the future without implying sorcery; compare discussion in the etymology section.

ΚΠ

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Royal 5 E.xi) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 166/2 [Futura profeticae] diuinationis [oracula] : wigles.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9606 Ygærne wes mid childe..al þurh Merlines wiȝel [c1300 Otho craft].

Derivatives

wielful adj. skilled in magic; ingenious; (also) cunning, deceitful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [adjective]

witchOE

wielfulc1275

magica1393

superstitiousc1425

diabolic1485

magicala1492

prestigious?1534

sorcerous1546

witching1567

wizardly1588

wizard1638

stoicheiotical1646

witchcraftical1676

maleficious1684

Arabian-night1808

Magian1818

wizard-like1859

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective]

ficklea1000

hinderyeapc1000

swikelc1000

as right (also stiff, straight, crooked, etc.) as a ram's hornOE

fakenOE

swikefulc1100

frakelc1175

swikec1175

wrenchfulc1225

wielfulc1275

ginfulc1300

guileful13..

treacherousc1330

guilesomea1382

guilousc1384

enginousa1393

deceivant1393

treacherc1400

serpentinec1422

deceivousa1425

guilyc1430

beguilous1483

slapea1500

fallacious1509

treget1519

gaudya1529

beguileful1530

Spanish1530

juggling?1531

snakish1532

prestigious?1534

knack-hardy1549

pratting1570

fogging1585

snakya1586

abusive1595

faithless1597

faiterous1600

guiled1600

trompant1605

amusing1609

braida1616

dodging1625

Ulyssean1639

tricksome1648

knackish1660

hocus-pocus1668

bubbling1675

rusé1689

tricking1697

trickish1705

lurching1728

tricksy1766

trickful1775

tricky1786

slippy1828

shirky1847

dodgy1861

sidewinding1902

slithery1902

hyping1968

deceiteous-

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15804 Heo weore wiȝel-fulle.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10548 His sweord..wes iworht..mid wiȝele-fulle [c1300 Otho witfolle] craften.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1439 Mid wiȝeful [read wiȝelful] his fluhte [c1300 Otho Mid his stronge f[l]ihte].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	wiel
释义	† wieln. Forms: Old English wigel, Old English wigl, Old English wigle, early Middle English wiel, early Middle English wigel, early Middle English wiȝel, early Middle English wiȝele, early Middle English wihel, early Middle English wiȝeleden (plural, transmission error), early Middle English wiȝes (plural, transmission error). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Ultimately < the same Germanic base as wiele v. Compare wieler n., wieling n., and wiele n. Compare also wile n. and the discussion at that entry.In Old English the assumed core sense is ‘magic’, specifically with reference to magical practices of soothsaying and divination (compare later use in Middle English and the senses of the related words, as wieling n., etc., and the discussion at wiele v.). However, the word is comparatively rare in Old English and the attestations all reflect extended use. Compare also Old English steorwigl study of the stars (especially in astrological contexts) (compare star n.¹ Compounds 2a). Obsolete. 1. A piece of magic or act of sorcery; a ruse or trick, esp. one carried out by supernatural means. In Old English also: a pagan religious rite. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] wielingeOE wielOE craftOE witchcraftOE witchdomOE telingc1230 demerlaykc1275 dweomercraeftc1275 sorcerya1300 magicc1387 maleficec1390 jugglerya1400 precination1503 witchery1546 maleficiousness1547 prestigiation?c1550 wizardry1583 magie1592 dark art1613 prestigion1635 conjurement1645 magomancy1652 wizardism1682 thaumaturgy1727 warlockry1818 witchwork1827 brujería1838 wizardship1882 trolldom1891 mojo1923 pixie dust1951 witchering1956 old religion1964 the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] > act(s) of wielOE witchcraftsOE telingc1230 sorceries1357 witcheries1573 witchering1818 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion wielOE illusionc1374 phantoma1375 delusion1552 allusion1595 blandation1612 prestigy1615 mirage1813 OE Aldhelm Glosses (Salisbury 38) in Anglia (1891) 13 33 [Ad tortas simulacrorum] ceremonias : wiglum. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 11 Þe deuel..makeð þe unbilefulle man to leuen swilche wigeles, swo ich ar embe spac. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 59 Modie meistres..fondeden hire ofte o swiðe feole halue forto under-neomen hire, ah nes þer nan þet mahte neuer enes wrenchen hire mid al his crefti crokes ut of þe weie, ah swa sone heo ȝeld ham swucche ȝein-cleppes & wende hare wiheles uppon ham seoluen. 2. Sorcery; trickery. In Old English also: divination.In quot. OE referring to prediction of the future without implying sorcery; compare discussion in the etymology section. ΚΠ OE Aldhelm Glosses (Royal 5 E.xi) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 166/2 [Futura profeticae] diuinationis [oracula] : wigles. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9606 Ygærne wes mid childe..al þurh Merlines wiȝel [c1300 Otho craft]. Derivatives wielful adj. skilled in magic; ingenious; (also) cunning, deceitful. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [adjective] witchOE wielfulc1275 magica1393 superstitiousc1425 diabolic1485 magicala1492 prestigious?1534 sorcerous1546 witching1567 wizardly1588 wizard1638 stoicheiotical1646 witchcraftical1676 maleficious1684 Arabian-night1808 Magian1818 wizard-like1859 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] ficklea1000 hinderyeapc1000 swikelc1000 as right (also stiff, straight, crooked, etc.) as a ram's hornOE fakenOE swikefulc1100 frakelc1175 swikec1175 wrenchfulc1225 wielfulc1275 ginfulc1300 guileful13.. treacherousc1330 guilesomea1382 guilousc1384 enginousa1393 deceivant1393 treacherc1400 serpentinec1422 deceivousa1425 guilyc1430 beguilous1483 slapea1500 fallacious1509 treget1519 gaudya1529 beguileful1530 Spanish1530 juggling?1531 snakish1532 prestigious?1534 knack-hardy1549 pratting1570 fogging1585 snakya1586 abusive1595 faithless1597 faiterous1600 guiled1600 trompant1605 amusing1609 braida1616 dodging1625 Ulyssean1639 tricksome1648 knackish1660 hocus-pocus1668 bubbling1675 rusé1689 tricking1697 trickish1705 lurching1728 tricksy1766 trickful1775 tricky1786 slippy1828 shirky1847 dodgy1861 sidewinding1902 slithery1902 hyping1968 deceiteous- c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15804 Heo weore wiȝel-fulle. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10548 His sweord..wes iworht..mid wiȝele-fulle [c1300 Otho witfolle] craften. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1439 Mid wiȝeful [read wiȝelful] his fluhte [c1300 Otho Mid his stronge f[l]ihte]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.OE
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