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单词 william
释义

Williamn.

Brit. /ˈwɪljəm/, /ˈwɪlɪəm/, U.S. /ˈwɪljəm/, /ˈwɪliəm/
Forms: 1500s Wyllyam, 1500s– William, 1800s Villiam.
Origin: Formed within English, from a proper name. Etymon: proper name William.
Etymology: < the male forename William < Anglo-Norman Williame , Willame (compare Old French, Middle French, French Guillaume ) < Old High German Willehelm , Willehalm (German Wilhelm ; apparently cognate with Middle Dutch, Dutch Willem ) < the Germanic base of will n.1 + the Germanic base of helm n.1Parallels in other languages. Some of the main forms of the name in other languages are: post-classical Latin Gulielmus , Vilhelmus , Willelmus , Gullelmus , Gullielmus , Villelmus , Occitan Guilhem , Catalan Guillem , Guim , Spanish Guillermo , Portuguese Willian , Guilherme , Italian Guglielmo , Norwegian Vilhelm , Swedish Vilhelm , Danish Vilhelm , Irish Uilliam , Liam , Welsh Gwilym , Russian Vil′gel′m , Uil′jam , Polish Wilhelm , Czech Vilém , Hungarian Vilmos . History in English. In English contexts, the name is first attested in Old English in the second half of the 11th cent., chiefly as Willelm , Wyllelm (also Wilhelm ), originally with reference to persons of Norman or French origin active in England, especially King William I, although by the late 11th cent. the name was already common and some bearers of the name may be of English descent. The earliest attested English name forms seem predominantly to reflect Latin forms of the name, but the form William is also attested from Old English onwards. Specific Senses. The reason for the application of the name in sense 1 is not clear. It has been suggested that it derives, via Willy , the pet form of the name (compare willy n.2), by folk etymology from French oeillet , used from the 15th cent. to denote the flower (see pink n.5); however, no evidence for a form willy in this sense has been found. The flower name is found earliest in the form sweet william (compare sweet-william n.): it has been suggested that sweet may be an alteration of saint (with reference to any of various saints, e.g. William of Rochester or William of York), but no evidence has been found for saint william denoting a flower. It has also been suggested that this form of the name may have been popularized by the ballad ‘Fair Margaret and Sweet William’, but this is not recorded before the 17th cent. In sense 2 after Dutch Willem (1839 or earlier) < Willem , the name of three kings of The Netherlands (Willem I (1815–40), Willem II (1840–9), Willem III (1890–1948)), during whose reigns the coins were minted; compare French Guillaume (1835 or earlier in this sense). In senses 3a, 3b reflecting a pun on bill n.3 and Bill, pet form of the male forename William (compare billy n.2).
1.
a. Any of several varieties of pink (cf. pink n.5 1); esp. sweet william, Dianthus barbatus. Now rare.Recorded earliest in sweet-william n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pinks or carnations
gillyflower1517
carnation1538
clove gillyflower1538
incarnation1538
William1538
pink1566
John1572
Indian eye1573
sops-in-wine1573
sweet John1573
sweet-william1573
tuft gillyflower1573
Colmenier1578
small honesty1578
tol-me-neer1578
London tuft1597
maidenly pink1597
mountain pink1597
clove-carnation1605
musk-gillyflower1607
London pride1629
pride of London1629
maiden pink1650
Indian pink1664
Spanish pink1664
pheasant's eye pink1718
flake1727
flame1727
picotee1727
old man's head1731
painted lady1731
piquet1731
China-pink1736
clove1746
wild pink1753
lime-wort1777
matted thrift1792
clove-pink1837
Cheddar Pink1843
Dianthus1849
bunch pink1857
perpetual-flowering carnation1861
cliff pink1863
meadow pink1866
musk carnation1866
Jack1873
wax-pink1891
Malmaison1892
grenadin1904
1538 T. Elyot Dict. at Vacinium The flowre, whiche is also callyd Hyacinthus... I doubte whither it be the flowre whiche is callyd Hartis ease, or Swete wyllyam.
1650 W. How Phytologia Britannica 10 Armeria flore simplici, William with single flower in a Wood beyond Redding.
1710 W. Salmon Botanologia II. dccxxxvii. 1257/2 (heading) Of Williams and Johns Sweet, Garden and Wild.
1881 Garden 22 Jan. 102/2 The usual selling price of ‘Williams’ is about 6s. per gross.
1929 C. Aiken Sel. Poems 313 Bitter nasturtium, pale pink phlox, scarlet william Wrung like blood-drops from the suffering earth.
1969 R. Genders Cottage Garden & Old-fashioned Flowers i. 14 The cottage garden in Ireland..where grows the rare double scarlet Sweet William known as Bloody William.
b. wild William n. now rare (frequently in plural) ragged robin, Silene flos-cuculi.Chiefly in lists of alternative names for the plant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies
rose campion1530
jagged pink1574
cuckoo-gilliflower1578
flower Constantinople1578
marsh gilliflower1578
wild William1578
crow-flower1597
gardener's delight1597
nonsuch1597
cuckoo-flower1629
fair maid of France1629
meadow pink1660
Bristol Non-such1668
flower of Bristol1672
knight-cross1725
ragged robin1731
fair maid of Kent1813
flower of Jove1840
mullein pink1840
fire pink1848
sticky catchfly1908
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. vii. 157 The fourth is a kinde of wilde Veronica, and therefore it is called Veronica syluestris: in English wilde Williams, Marshe gillofers, or Cockow gillofers.
1650 W. How Phytologia Britannica 11 Armoraria sive Lychnis plumaria mas..Wild William with an elegant whitish Flower, by a Ditch in the long lane betwixt Daventry and Dove-Bridge, in Northamptonshire.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 282 There is a sort of Lychnis commonly wild by water-sides..called Ragged-Robin, Meadow-Pinks, Wild-Williams.
1858 National Mag. 4 315/1 The wild William, or meadow-pink, he with his crimson petals torn and streaming.., is ragged robin.
1957 J. Hutchinson Bouquet Wild Flowers 52 Other names are Rose of Heaven, Smooth Lychnis, Meadow Pink, and Wild Williams.
2. A former Dutch coin worth 10 guilders. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Dutch coins
seskyn1413
dodkin1415
plackc1470
Rhenish1479
Utrecht1493
Utrecht noble1494
stiver1502
doit1594
stooter1598
doublejee1707
double shilling1744
William1836
steever1892
1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 2 Travellers ought, therefore, to provide themselves only with Williams, which are the newest gold coins.
1844 T. B. Macaulay Let. 9 Oct. (1977) IV. 218 While he was changing me a gold William I got away from the old villain.
1893 H. J. van der Leeuw in Restriction Ill-results War (1919) No. 4. 5 The confidence in the solvency of our small country is so great that the Dutch give a gold William for ten guilders, though the actual value is only about five.
3. slang.
a. U.S. Also in form william. With modifying phrase: a banknote of the specified value. Also: a $100 or $50 dollar bill (see quot. 1869).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > foreign banknotes > [noun] > U.S. > one-dollar bill
wheel1807
one1846
William1853
case1859
frogskin1902
single1936
sheet1937
1853 Southern Recorder (Milledgeville, Georgia) 29 Mar. This is the last five dollar William, of an estate of $20,000, left me three years ago by my father.
1869 Overland Monthly Aug. 128/2 $100 bills were there [i.e. in Texas] called ‘Williams’, and $50 bills ‘Blue Williams’.
1927 C. A. Siringo Riata & Spurs i. 10 Mr. Myers wrote me..to buy a suit of clothes with the twenty-dollar ‘william’.
2015 @Phil_Sports 24 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Jan. 2020) Amazing that you can get those with a 1-dollar William.
b. An account for payment, a bill. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > invoice or bill
bill1420
invoice1560
factory1615
invoy1617
facture1668
Williamc1859
check1868
price tab1886
tag1968
c1859 H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie ii. 18 When de farmers around are behind in their rent I does little Villiams, at sixty per shent.
1904 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang VII. iii. 353/2 To meet sweet William, to meet a bill on presentation.
2010 @JonB06 17 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Jan. 2020) 9 to 5's are for suckas. I'm looking for a dope pyramid scheme to pay the Williams.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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