willinglyadv.

Brit.

/ˈwɪlɪŋli/, U.S.

/ˈwɪlɪŋli/

Forms: Old English willendlice, Old English willindlice, Old English willynlice, Middle English welyngly, Middle English willingli, Middle English willyngely, Middle English willyngli, Middle English willyngly, Middle English wyllandly, Middle English–1500s wyllyngly, Middle English– willingly, 1500s wyllinglye, 1500s wyllyngely, 1500s–1600s willinglye; also Scottish pre-1700 villandly, pre-1700 villingly, pre-1700 wilinglie, pre-1700 willinglie, pre-1700 wollinglie, pre-1700 wolynlye, pre-1700 wyllinglie, pre-1700 wyllingly.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: will v.¹, will v.², -ing suffix², -ly suffix².

Etymology: < will v.¹ or will v.² + -ing suffix² + -ly suffix². Compare willing adj. and see discussion at that entry of its possible attestation in Old English.Rare in Old English. Compare Old English welwillendlīce ( < well-willing adj. + -ly suffix²) and selfwillendlīce (see self-willing adj.), which are more frequently attested. Uses from the 15th cent. onwards may well show a new formation, rather than continuity with Old English.

In a willing manner (in various senses of the adjective).

a. Readily, consentingly, without reluctance.Used with a variety of connotations, ranging from acquiescence through cheerful consent to eagerness.Often with would: would willingly ‘would like to’, would not willingly ‘would rather not, would be reluctant to’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb]

to goodeOE

thankc888

yernec888

lieflyc900

lovelyeOE

lustly971

willinglyOE

wilfullyc1000

with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE

fainc1175

lustilya1225

lief1297

yfaȝea1300

blethelyc1300

goodlya1375

blelyc1380

willingc1384

bainc1400

acceptably1479

bainlya1500

cheerfully1523

towardly1523

desirously1531

pronely?1532

fainly1535

wilningly1597

bongre1598

libentiously1606

volently1614

propensely1648

easily1649

with (a) good grace1650

unreluctantly1655

with the best will (in the world)1814

unhesitatingly1829

unqualifyingly1841

unloathly1844

happily1889

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xx. 334 For ðam þæt fæsten ys halig þing... Hyt framað swiðe myclum for Gode þam þe hyt willindlice fæst.

OE Harley Gloss. (1966) 135 Diligenter, willendlice.

c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 105 Blessid be þoo þat willyngly socoureþ poore peopill.

1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. F4^v And so be contented to byde the ende wyllyngly, which set on the beginninge wilfullye.

1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. M2 Thou maist the rather, the willinglier, and gladlier do it.

1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete (new issue) sig. M.vii^v They would not wyllynglye serue him, which would not willingly serue and obey their God & kyng.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xx. sig. Bb8 To bring vs (as willingly-caught fishes) to bite at her baite.

1592–3 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. IV. 109 I may neither dispose of my owne..as others usuallie doe, and I willingliest would.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iv. 94 I like this place, and willingly could Waste my time in it.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 475 I craue death more willingly then mercy.

1649 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 380 I sall werey wollinglie concwre withe them.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 115 I would willingly fish on the Lee-shore.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 254. ⁋3 I would willingly give you a little good Advice.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 56 ‘Friend, let her eat; the damsel is so faint.’ ‘Yea, willingly,’ replied the youth.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. vi. 154 Often have I observed one..of the sisters willingly go without her dinner..in order that her portion might be reserved for Mr. Stallabras.

1991 Guardian 1 Nov. 35/1 As most people would not willingly be prised away from their VDUs, how can we reduce the risks from working at them?

2018 @Becca_Riverbird 4 Nov. in twitter.com (OED Archive) The older I get the more I willingly accept that I know nothing.

b. figurative. Readily, easily. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > [adverb] > without difficulty or delay

lightlyOE

skeetc1175

readya1325

areadilya1375

redelya1375

readilyc1390

goodlyc1405

willingly1577

slightly1594

pliantly1673

1577 Hill's Gardeners Labyrinth i. xiii. 27 The ground..doth willingly apply and retaine the seedes, bestowed or sowne in fayre dayes.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxv. 581 The vttermost pilling of common walnuts, whether it shale willingly or no.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια vii. x. 456 If the braine had been one entire massie substance, it would not so willingly and gladly as we say, haue risen and falne in the Systole and Diastole.

1955 Times 10 May 7/6 It starts readily when cold (but not always so willingly when hot) and warms up quickly with but little use of the choke.

2013 T. Conrad Heart Trouble (e-book ed.) Marissa forced some food into her mouth, was relieved when it willingly slid down her throat.

a. Intentionally, deliberately, wilfully.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adverb]

willesOE

with one's willc1175

willes and waldesc1225

adviselya1325

wittinglya1340

wilfullyc1374

witting1377

a-purposea1382

of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382

wilfulc1381

willingly1402

of intention1430

knowingly1435

advisedlyc1449

deliberately1471

purpensely1472

purposely1495

prepensedly1496

purpensedly1496

purposedlya1540

proposely?1550

studiously1567

on (also upon) purpose1569

on set purpose1569

of industry1575

affectedly1582

premeditatelya1595

deliberatively1598

consultively1599

intentionallya1673

affectionally1603

by (also out of, on, upon) design1603

intentionately1609

industriouslya1616

perpensedly1624

intendedlya1641

unspontaneously1640

industrously1643

consultedly1645

consideringly1647

designedly1652

premeditatedly1653

wittily1653

intendingly1678

premeditatinglya1679

self-consciously1685

propensely1694

thinkingly1705

accidentally on purpose1711

affectionatelya1716

prepensely?1725

systematically1744

advertently1745

systemically1761

reflectively1775

purposefullya1854

meaningly1867

aimfully1870

purposively1878

designingly1879

proposedly1887

1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 391 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 305 Sauf willyngly the feend deceyued Eeue.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 362 Heere I swere that neuere willyngly In werk ne thoght I nel yow disobeye.

1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1538) ii. 17 b God is lyghte, and therfore..no man which wyllinglye walketh in the vnfrutefull workes of darknesse, hath ony fellowshyp wyth that lyght.

1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Biiii^v Wittinglye and willinglye..ye haue..disobeied youre kinge.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream (1623) iii. ii. 347 Still thou mistak'st, Or else committ'st thy knaueries willingly [1600 wilfully].

1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 132 That nyght, wee carryinge the lighte, the Dutch (as wee suppose) lost us willinglye.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 80 Men that do not willingly deceive the People, or that at least have not a wicked Design to deceive.

1748 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 302 I will not willingly stand in any body's way.

1832 Ariel 31 Mar. 400/1 Multitudes were hurried to their graves before life was extinct, the half-savage attendants willingly mistaking a sinking spell for death.

1969 J. R. Rice Our God-breathed Bk.—the Bible ii. 34 They are ‘willingly ignorant’ of God's revealed truth in the Bible.

2007 Sunday Independent (S. Afr.) 25 Feb. 10 We are willingly deaf to the sufferings of the world.

b. Of one's own free will, without compulsion, voluntarily.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adverb]

freelyeOE

wilfullyc1000

by one's willOE

of oneselfOE

self-willesOE

of one's own willOE

willyOE

with one's willc1175

voluntarilyc1374

wilfulc1380

of one's own heada1393

willea1400

willilya1400

of (free) voluntyc1402

of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402

of one's own motion1419

of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425

on one's own heada1425

of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450

activelyc1454

willinglyc1475

voluntary1480

liberallya1500

of one's own swinge1548

voluntariously1550

voluntarlyc1568

for favour1574

at voluntary1585

of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585

selfly1595

motu proprio1603

ultroneously1627

unimposedly1647

spontaneously1660

needlessly1710

unmechanically1764

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 192 (MED) Is ech comaundement of god so streiȝtli bynding þat if a man do wittingli and willingli aȝens it..þilk man..is dampnable?

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. vi. f. 16^v Yai ar content to do it willingly with out ony compulsioun.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. iii. 58 If hee doe come in my way so,..if I come in his willingly, let him make a Carbonado of me.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 205 I had no remedie but to pay those Crownes for him,..if I had not rather chosen willingly to doe it.

1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Of Consol. Philos. i. 12 (note) For this he was banished his Country, or rather willingly left it.

1798 M. A. Hanway Ellinor II. x. 256 Those who willingly wore chains took care that their value would make their weight bearable.

1889 H. J. Bell Obeah xvi. 198 So far from the white planters selling their estates for whatever they can get for them, it is the rarest thing for a cocoa estate to be sold willingly.

1977 Time 21 Nov. 39/3 She's willingly making herself a stalking horse for the ultra-right.

1995 J. E. Rohde & H. Viswanathan Rural Private Practitioner vi. 131 When a person willingly chooses to work in rural areas, even family and friends express surprise and concern.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	willingly
释义	willinglyadv. Brit. /ˈwɪlɪŋli/, U.S. /ˈwɪlɪŋli/ Forms: Old English willendlice, Old English willindlice, Old English willynlice, Middle English welyngly, Middle English willingli, Middle English willyngely, Middle English willyngli, Middle English willyngly, Middle English wyllandly, Middle English–1500s wyllyngly, Middle English– willingly, 1500s wyllinglye, 1500s wyllyngely, 1500s–1600s willinglye; also Scottish pre-1700 villandly, pre-1700 villingly, pre-1700 wilinglie, pre-1700 willinglie, pre-1700 wollinglie, pre-1700 wolynlye, pre-1700 wyllinglie, pre-1700 wyllingly. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: will v.¹, will v.², -ing suffix², -ly suffix². Etymology: < will v.¹ or will v.² + -ing suffix² + -ly suffix². Compare willing adj. and see discussion at that entry of its possible attestation in Old English.Rare in Old English. Compare Old English welwillendlīce ( < well-willing adj. + -ly suffix²) and selfwillendlīce (see self-willing adj.), which are more frequently attested. Uses from the 15th cent. onwards may well show a new formation, rather than continuity with Old English. In a willing manner (in various senses of the adjective). 1. a. Readily, consentingly, without reluctance.Used with a variety of connotations, ranging from acquiescence through cheerful consent to eagerness.Often with would: would willingly ‘would like to’, would not willingly ‘would rather not, would be reluctant to’. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] to goodeOE thankc888 yernec888 lieflyc900 lovelyeOE lustly971 willinglyOE wilfullyc1000 with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE fainc1175 lustilya1225 lief1297 yfaȝea1300 blethelyc1300 goodlya1375 blelyc1380 willingc1384 bainc1400 acceptably1479 bainlya1500 cheerfully1523 towardly1523 desirously1531 pronely?1532 fainly1535 wilningly1597 bongre1598 libentiously1606 volently1614 propensely1648 easily1649 with (a) good grace1650 unreluctantly1655 with the best will (in the world)1814 unhesitatingly1829 unqualifyingly1841 unloathly1844 happily1889 OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xx. 334 For ðam þæt fæsten ys halig þing... Hyt framað swiðe myclum for Gode þam þe hyt willindlice fæst. OE Harley Gloss. (1966) 135 Diligenter, willendlice. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 105 Blessid be þoo þat willyngly socoureþ poore peopill. 1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. F4^v And so be contented to byde the ende wyllyngly, which set on the beginninge wilfullye. 1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. M2 Thou maist the rather, the willinglier, and gladlier do it. 1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete (new issue) sig. M.vii^v They would not wyllynglye serue him, which would not willingly serue and obey their God & kyng. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xx. sig. Bb8 To bring vs (as willingly-caught fishes) to bite at her baite. 1592–3 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. IV. 109 I may neither dispose of my owne..as others usuallie doe, and I willingliest would. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iv. 94 I like this place, and willingly could Waste my time in it. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 475 I craue death more willingly then mercy. View more context for this quotation 1649 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 380 I sall werey wollinglie concwre withe them. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 115 I would willingly fish on the Lee-shore. View more context for this quotation 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 254. ⁋3 I would willingly give you a little good Advice. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 56 ‘Friend, let her eat; the damsel is so faint.’ ‘Yea, willingly,’ replied the youth. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. vi. 154 Often have I observed one..of the sisters willingly go without her dinner..in order that her portion might be reserved for Mr. Stallabras. 1991 Guardian 1 Nov. 35/1 As most people would not willingly be prised away from their VDUs, how can we reduce the risks from working at them? 2018 @Becca_Riverbird 4 Nov. in twitter.com (OED Archive) The older I get the more I willingly accept that I know nothing. b. figurative. Readily, easily. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > [adverb] > without difficulty or delay lightlyOE skeetc1175 readya1325 areadilya1375 redelya1375 readilyc1390 goodlyc1405 willingly1577 slightly1594 pliantly1673 1577 Hill's Gardeners Labyrinth i. xiii. 27 The ground..doth willingly apply and retaine the seedes, bestowed or sowne in fayre dayes. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxv. 581 The vttermost pilling of common walnuts, whether it shale willingly or no. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια vii. x. 456 If the braine had been one entire massie substance, it would not so willingly and gladly as we say, haue risen and falne in the Systole and Diastole. 1955 Times 10 May 7/6 It starts readily when cold (but not always so willingly when hot) and warms up quickly with but little use of the choke. 2013 T. Conrad Heart Trouble (e-book ed.) Marissa forced some food into her mouth, was relieved when it willingly slid down her throat. 2. a. Intentionally, deliberately, wilfully. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] willesOE with one's willc1175 willes and waldesc1225 adviselya1325 wittinglya1340 wilfullyc1374 witting1377 a-purposea1382 of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382 wilfulc1381 willingly1402 of intention1430 knowingly1435 advisedlyc1449 deliberately1471 purpensely1472 purposely1495 prepensedly1496 purpensedly1496 purposedlya1540 proposely?1550 studiously1567 on (also upon) purpose1569 on set purpose1569 of industry1575 affectedly1582 premeditatelya1595 deliberatively1598 consultively1599 intentionallya1673 affectionally1603 by (also out of, on, upon) design1603 intentionately1609 industriouslya1616 perpensedly1624 intendedlya1641 unspontaneously1640 industrously1643 consultedly1645 consideringly1647 designedly1652 premeditatedly1653 wittily1653 intendingly1678 premeditatinglya1679 self-consciously1685 propensely1694 thinkingly1705 accidentally on purpose1711 affectionatelya1716 prepensely?1725 systematically1744 advertently1745 systemically1761 reflectively1775 purposefullya1854 meaningly1867 aimfully1870 purposively1878 designingly1879 proposedly1887 1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 391 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 305 Sauf willyngly the feend deceyued Eeue. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 362 Heere I swere that neuere willyngly In werk ne thoght I nel yow disobeye. 1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1538) ii. 17 b God is lyghte, and therfore..no man which wyllinglye walketh in the vnfrutefull workes of darknesse, hath ony fellowshyp wyth that lyght. 1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Biiii^v Wittinglye and willinglye..ye haue..disobeied youre kinge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream (1623) iii. ii. 347 Still thou mistak'st, Or else committ'st thy knaueries willingly [1600 wilfully]. 1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 132 That nyght, wee carryinge the lighte, the Dutch (as wee suppose) lost us willinglye. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 80 Men that do not willingly deceive the People, or that at least have not a wicked Design to deceive. 1748 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 302 I will not willingly stand in any body's way. 1832 Ariel 31 Mar. 400/1 Multitudes were hurried to their graves before life was extinct, the half-savage attendants willingly mistaking a sinking spell for death. 1969 J. R. Rice Our God-breathed Bk.—the Bible ii. 34 They are ‘willingly ignorant’ of God's revealed truth in the Bible. 2007 Sunday Independent (S. Afr.) 25 Feb. 10 We are willingly deaf to the sufferings of the world. b. Of one's own free will, without compulsion, voluntarily. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adverb] freelyeOE wilfullyc1000 by one's willOE of oneselfOE self-willesOE of one's own willOE willyOE with one's willc1175 voluntarilyc1374 wilfulc1380 of one's own heada1393 willea1400 willilya1400 of (free) voluntyc1402 of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402 of one's own motion1419 of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425 on one's own heada1425 of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450 activelyc1454 willinglyc1475 voluntary1480 liberallya1500 of one's own swinge1548 voluntariously1550 voluntarlyc1568 for favour1574 at voluntary1585 of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585 selfly1595 motu proprio1603 ultroneously1627 unimposedly1647 spontaneously1660 needlessly1710 unmechanically1764 c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 192 (MED) Is ech comaundement of god so streiȝtli bynding þat if a man do wittingli and willingli aȝens it..þilk man..is dampnable? 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. vi. f. 16^v Yai ar content to do it willingly with out ony compulsioun. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. iii. 58 If hee doe come in my way so,..if I come in his willingly, let him make a Carbonado of me. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 205 I had no remedie but to pay those Crownes for him,..if I had not rather chosen willingly to doe it. 1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Of Consol. Philos. i. 12 (note) For this he was banished his Country, or rather willingly left it. 1798 M. A. Hanway Ellinor II. x. 256 Those who willingly wore chains took care that their value would make their weight bearable. 1889 H. J. Bell Obeah xvi. 198 So far from the white planters selling their estates for whatever they can get for them, it is the rarest thing for a cocoa estate to be sold willingly. 1977 Time 21 Nov. 39/3 She's willingly making herself a stalking horse for the ultra-right. 1995 J. E. Rohde & H. Viswanathan Rural Private Practitioner vi. 131 When a person willingly chooses to work in rural areas, even family and friends express surprise and concern. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.OE
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