单词 | wise man |
释义 | wise mann. 1. a. gen. A man who is wise; a man of good judgement or discernment; a discreet or prudent man. (Often opposed to fool.)worldly wiseman: see worldly wiseman n. at worldly-wise adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > wise man, sage > [noun] wise manc888 wisec897 witec900 snoterc950 divinera1387 sage1399 mage?a1425 wisdom1432 wizardc1440 sapientc1550 Solomon1554 oracle1579 sophy1587 Solon1631 sapientipotent1656 magus1700 wiseacre1753 sageshipa1832 Yoda1984 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xl. §3 Forðy ne scyle nan wis mon forhigan ne to swiðe ymb þæt gnornian, to hwæm his wise weorðe. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xiii. 116 Ne sceal se wise mann beon butan godum weorcum. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Wel understont euch wismon þet [etc.]. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 180 Wis man of red, wis man of dede. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 46 It myhte make a wisman madd. c1400 Rule St. Benet (prose) 15 Þe wyse man musters hym wid fa wordis & welle sitande. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xxv. 57 There ben more fooles than wysemen. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvii This mariage semed very straunge to wise men. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 12 I hope that vyise men vil reput my ignorance for ane mortifeit prudens. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xiv. §3. 150 Wisemen indeed haue euer reputed them, for no better then mad-men. 1702 H. Dodwell Apol. in S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus sig. b3 He took Cato for a perfect Stoick, and for a Wiseman, in the Sense of the Philosophers. 1770 T. Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer ii. 26 Old Nestor,..Who always counted was a Wise-man. 1853 T. T. Lynch Lect. Self-improvem. i. 2 He is a wise man who has an instructed mind and a regulated choice. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. ii. xix. 62 A fool 'ull hit on't sometimes when a wise man misses. b. Ironically applied to a fool or simpleton, as in the wise men of Gotham (see Gotham n. 1). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > foolish person, fool > [noun] > location associated with > person belonging to the wise men of Gotham1526 Gothamist1589 Gotham1685 Gothamite1802 1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 570 Yonge Wyseman, othyrwyse callyd foole.] 1526 C. Mery Talys Kal. sig. Aiv Of the .iii. wyse men of gotam. ?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 199 The wise men of gotum are risen againe. 1596 W. Raleigh Discoverie Guiana (new ed.) 5 Who like Wise men in the absence of their Captaine followed the Indians. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 32 It were..too Churlish to grudge these talkers the Character of the only Wisemen of G——. 2. spec. a. A man deeply versed in some subject of study, or in studies generally; a learned man, scholar, philosopher, sage. Now rare or archaic. the seven wise men = the seven sages: see sage adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] uþwitec888 larewc900 learnerc900 witec900 wise manOE leredc1154 masterc1225 readera1387 artificer1449 man of science1482 rabbi1527 rabbin1531 worthy1567 artsmanc1574 philologer1588 artist1592 virtuoso1613 sophist1614 fulla1616 scholastica1633 philologist1638 gnostic1641 scholarian1647 pundit1661 scientman1661 savant1719 ollamh1723 maulvi1776 pandect1791 Sabora1797 erudit1800 mallam1829 Gelehrter1836 erudite1865 walking encyclopaedia1868 Einstein1942 OE Exodus 377 Wise men wordum secgað þæt from Noe nigoða wære fæder Abrahames on folctale. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 114 Wis man in þe lawe. 1379 MS Gloucester Cathedral 19 No. 1. i. iv. lf 1 Iff þu will wysman be in demyng of vryn. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 63 Tales Millesus..þe firste of þe seuene wise men. 1450–80 tr. Secr. Secr. iii. 6 His philesofris and grete wise~men of clergie. 1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. prec. f. 1 Thales one of the seauen wise men of Greece. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. sig. a2v Hermippus in his Treatise of the seven wise men saith, they were in all seventeen, of which seven were variously named. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Solon One of the seven wisemen of Greece. 1842 W. C. Taylor Student's Man. Anc. Hist. (ed. 3) ix. §5. 240 Periander, who is sometimes ranked among the Seven Wise Men of Greece. 1850 Ld. Kelvin in S. P. Thompson Life Ld. Kelvin (1910) I. v. 223 The steamer appeared about 4 p.m.—contrary to the expectation of the nautical wise men about the harbour. b. A man who utters wise sayings or maxims; esp. as a title for any of the writers of the Jewish ‘Wisdom Literature’. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > wise man, sage > [noun] > uttering wise sayings wise mana1250 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 27 Þe wise [sc. Solomon] askeð in his boc. hweþer [etc.]. c1400 Rule St. Benet (verse) 1080 Þus þe wisman sais þerbi. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 121 And wys men sayis he is happy, That be other will him chasty. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ix. sig. E.iii The wyse man sayth, that surfetes do kyll many men. 1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible l. 274 So doth the Wiseman [margin. Eccle. i. 24] vse it, whereby he promiseth felicitie..to him that..embraceth Wisedom. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋3 There is no new thing vnder the Sunne, saith the wiseman. 1649 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. Beauty Providence 92 Like snow in Harvest (as the Wiseman speaks). 1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling 67 The Wise-man hath assured us this, Pro. 11. 4. Riches profit not in the day of wrath. 1709 A. Pope Chaucer's January & May in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 187 Yet you pursue sage Solomon's Advice,..But, with the Wiseman's Leave, I must protest. c1750 New Whole Duty of Man viii The threatening of the Wise-man, who..declares, that the eye that mocketh his father,..the ravens of the valley shall pick it out. c. One of a body of men chosen for their sagacity as advisers in matters of state; a councillor. colloquial in modern use. By 16th–18th century historians used in plural to render witan n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > council of state > [noun] > member of council of state wise mana1325 councillorc1450 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skilful person > skilled and knowledgeable person man of science1482 pundit1816 wise man1959 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2649 Ðe king wið-stod, & an wis man He seide, ‘ðe child doð als he can’. 1488 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 169 That eueryche of thes contreys doo send..serten wyse~men wt full auctoryte..for to coomen..wt the Gauntnersse. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Ai This yere wer chosen be wise men of the Cite, xxxv. men..sworne to mayntene the assisis. a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 255 All the acts are said to passe from the King, and his Wise men both of the Clergy and Laity. 1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 3 Lordes and Peeres; anciently stiled Aldermen, Heretockes, Senators, Wisemen,..by our Historians. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 18 King Alfred..with the Thought, i.e. Advice of his Wise~men, or Parliament. 1959 J. Balogh in H. Thomas Establishment 98 In the negotiations on the finance of NATO rearmament in Lisbon the British representative ‘wise man’ accepted a contribution wholly out of line with the relative capacities to bear the burden. 1969 D. Acheson Present at Creation xxxi. 277 Lester Pearson has continually urged the council to set up committees of ‘wise men’ to find a use for it [sc. Article 2 of the North Atlantic Treaty]. 1973 Times 5 May 4/4 The appointment of two independent ‘wise men’ by the United States and the European Community to prepare the ground for the forthcoming round of international trade talks, was suggested. 1983 Times 24 Feb. 6/8 A socialist leader..has been nominated to the elite body of nine ‘wise men’ who form France's Constitutional Council. 1984 Times 29 Oct. 1/3 The Gaddafi affair..is unlikely to go away as quickly as the TUC's ‘four wise men’ monitoring the dispute would wish. 3. A man versed or skilled in hidden arts, as magic, witchcraft, and the like; a magician, wizard; spec. applied in biblical versions and allusions to the three astrologers from the east or Magi (see magus n. 1) who came to worship the infant Jesus. In general sense now dialect or colloquial (cf. wise woman n. 1). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Biblical personages > Three Kings > [noun] the three kingsOE magusc1175 wise manc1384 Three Kings of Colognec1400 sage1667 the three wise men1867 the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > sorcerer or magician > [noun] wielerOE jugglera1100 wielea1350 magicianc1375 sorcerc1400 warlockc1400 mage?a1425 sorcerer1526 witch-mana1538 wizarda1557 wise man1562 cunning man1594 man-witch1601 wonder-master1603 sorcerist1624 talisman1646 ob1659 fascinator1677 varlet1701 Magian1716 brujo1758 mediciner1845 bomoh1851 pellar1865 trollman1865 baloi1871 magic-man1905 Wiccan1971 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ii. 1 When Jhesus was born in Bethlem..loo! kyngis, or wijs men [a1425 L.V. astromyenes; L. Magi], camen fro the eest. 1561 S. Withers tr. Calvin Treat. Relics G iv b Ye wysmen which came to worshipe our lord Iesus after his natiuitie. 1562 Certayn Serm. preached in Lincs. in H. Latimer 27 Serm. ii. f. 100v Whan we be in trouble, or sicknes, or lose any thing: we runne hither and thither to wyssardes, or sorcerers, whome we call wyse men. 1573 T. Twyne in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos A 3 That he was at the first couenaunt seruant wt a traueilinge wyseman. 1595 G. Peele Old Wiues Tale (facs.) C 1 b I pray you tell where the wise man the Coniurer dwells? 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke i. ix. 71 A sort of practitioners, whom our custome..doth call wisemen and wisewomen, reputed a kind of good..harmles witches or wisards, who by good words..promise to allay..diuels, practises of other witches, and the forces of many diseases. 1731 Flying Post 29 Apr. 2/1 George Raunsforth,..a reputed Conjurer, or (as the Country People call him) a Wise Man. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 29 The wise man lives nit far frae this,..He telt Nan Dobson whee she'd wed. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 281 Whence the wise men of the East who came to see Christ are called simply Magi. 4. (old) wise man: an archetypal figure appearing in myths, folklore, etc., representing wisdom or meaning, esp., in the theory of C. G. Jung, one of the archetypes of the collective unconscious; cf. wise old man at wise adj. 1a(a). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > unconscious mind > [noun] > collective racial memory1899 collective unconscious1917 racial unconscious1919 (old) wise man1940 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > states of consciousness > unconscious as psychological influence > [noun] > collective unconscious > part of archetype1919 (old) wise man1940 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Jung > ancestral experience > [noun] > component of > one of (old) wise man1940 1692 W. Salmon tr. ‘Hermes Trismegistus’ in Practical Physick v. 203/1 But if thou shalt say, that Wisdom or the Wise Man does Rule or Command among all Mankind. 1940 S. Dell tr. C. G. Jung Integr. Personality iii. 87 The magician is the archetype of the old wise man. 1940 S. Dell tr. C. G. Jung Integr. Personality iii. 88 I have been content to call it the archetype of the old wise man or of meaning. 1973 J. Singer Boundaries of Soul x. 262 The archetype of the mana-personality, an Old Wise Man whose power is born of understanding the timeless life processes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c888 |
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