Winchestern.

Brit.

/ˈwɪntʃɪstə/,

/ˈwɪntʃɛstə/, U.S.

/ˈwɪnˌtʃɛstər/

Etymology: Proper name.

I. The name of a city in Hampshire, the capital of Wessex and later of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom: used attributively in specific designations.

a. (a) Winchester measure: dry and liquid measures the standards of which were originally deposited at Winchester. Also figurative. So (b) Winchester bushel, Winchester gallon, for which (c) Winchester is used for short (in druggists' use = Winchester quart n. at sense 1b); in modern use (see quots. 1959, 1972); also Winchester bottle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > specific measures or standards

water metOE

measurec1350

water met1426

water measure1465

Winchesterc1550

Pool measure1701

mgd1955

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > bottle > other specific types of bottle

blacking bottle1838

long neck1840

bocal1847

Winchester1862

pinch bottle1916

(a)

c1550 Skelton's Ghost 23 in S.'s Wks. (1843) II. 154 Full Winchester gage We had in that age.

1670 Act 22 Chas. II c. 8 §1 The Standard marked in his Majestyes Exchequer commonly called the Winchester Measure containing Eight Gallons to the Bushell.

1680 V. Alsop Mischief Impositions xiii. 94 The Advice to those in Communion with the Church, was short and sweet, but the Dissenters shall now have it by Winchester measure.

?c1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 114 The Guernsey bushel, great measure, contains about 6 gallons, Winchester measure.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 337/2 An Halfe Peck, of old it contained 5 Quarts, but by Winchester Measure to which by the Statute of the Land all others now conforme, is but 4 Quarts and a Pint.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 228 An acre has been known to yield 300 bushels (Winchester measure) of early potatoes for the first crop.

1860 All Year Round 25 Aug. 479 A runlet (two gallons, Winchester measure).

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) vii. 55 Theire bushell beinge more then doble winchester.] (b)1702 Act 1 Anne Stat. 2. c. 3 §6 A Bushel according to the Standards remaining in the Custody of the Chamberlains of Her Majesties Exchequer commonly called..by the Name of the Winchester Bushel.1737 Act 10 Geo. II c. 30 §2 All Oysters which shall..be imported from France.., shall..be rated at seven Pence per Bushel strike Measure, according to the Winchester Corn Bushel.1769 Ann. Reg. 1768 92 The lords of the manor of Tetbury..were convicted..for not using in the public market a brass Winchester bushel.1791 Encycl. Brit. (Dublin ed.) V. 102/2 268·8 cubic inches to the Winchester gallon.1835 Act 5 & 6 William IV c. 63 §6 Be it enacted, That from and after the passing of this Act the Measure called the Winchester Bushel, and the Lineal Measure called the Scotch Ell,..shall be abolished.(c)a1704 T. Brown Lett. from Dead (new ed.) in Wks. (1707) II. ii. 68 Seal'd Winchesters of Three-penny Guzzle.1722 E. Ward Wand'ring Spy: Pt. II 67 [They] Call'd for full Winchester's of Stout.1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 87 Bay-salt..is sold to the husbandman from four-pence to six-pence a winchester.1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 88 Each bushel three winchesters, or twenty-four gallons.1862 Chemist & Druggist 15 Feb. (Advt. section) 37/1 Druggists' Bottles... Winchester, 100 oz.1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 66 The ‘Winchester’ is duly labelled.1905 W. L. F. Wastell & R. C. Bayley Hand Camera 145 (note) A ‘Winchester’, or ‘Winchester Quart’, is a bottle holding eighty ounces.1959 Gloss. Packaging Terms (B.S.I.) 28 Winchester, a term applied to round, narrow or wide-mouth bottles usually used for the distribution of chemicals or pharmaceutical products.1963 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 191 59 The author suggests that the Winchester bottle was thus named by the druggists who utilised it for supplying the [Winchester] hospital's drug orders.1972 Bottlers' Year Bk. 1972–3 423 Winchester, a large bottle of variable capacity used for soluble essences, etc., usually containing from about 6 to 10 lb. of the product.

b. Winchester quart n. (a) a quart (2 pints) in Winchester measure; (b) Pharmacology 4 Imperial pints, i.e. 80 fluid ounces (in quot. 1870, 100 fl. oz.); also, a bottle holding 4 pints.See Pharmaceut. Jrnl. (1963) CXCI. 59 for an argument that in sense (b) it is properly 85 fl. oz., a quarter of the new barn gallon of 2¹/ ₈ Imperial gallons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > two pints or quart

chopin1275

quarta1382

wine-quart1660

qt.1664

Winchester quart1742

reputed quart1787

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > bottle > of specific size

quart bottle1454

Winchester quart1742

1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July x. 61 At our Country Towns, they sell a Winchester Quart of Milk..for a Penny.

1758 Rep. Comm. Weights & Meas. (House of Commons) 39 Standard weights and measures in the possession of the Hall-keeper of the Guild-Hall... 1 corn half peck marked 1601. 1 Winchester quart ditto. 1 ditto pint ditto.

1816 P. Kelly Metrol. 89 The Coal Bushel holds one Winchester quart more than the Winchester bushel [sc. 2150.42 cubic inches]; it therefore contains 2217.62 cubic inches.

1870 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 11 650 Omagh is said to take about 400 Winchester quarts (equal to 250 gallons) [of methylated ether] yearly.

1874 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 5 442/1 A Winchester quart (four pints) is first half filled with infusion.

1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 65 Fill a ‘Winchester quart’ bottle with this test acid.

1897 Chemist & Druggist 5 June 891/1 The questions on which we should like information are—What is a Winchester quart the fourth of, or how it came to designate a half-gallon? and whether it and the Winchester pint were ever recognised measures?

1963 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 191 60/1 The Winchester quart's success was due, one suspects, to the fact that it is the largest bottle which can conveniently be held in one hand.

†2. Winchester goose: see goose n. 3.

3. Winchester school, a southern English style of manuscript illumination of the 10th and 11th cent., originating at Winchester. Also Winchester manner, Winchester style.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination > school or style of illumination

opus anglicum1849

Winchester school1892

1892 J. H. Middleton Illumin. MSS. vii. 101 Another very fine example of the Winchester school of illumination is the manuscript Charter which King Edgar granted to the new minster at Winchester in 966.

1892 J. H. Middleton Illumin. MSS. vii. 101 In artistic power this tenth century Winchester school of illuminators appears, for a while at least, to have been foremost in the world.

1910 G. F. Warner in Warner & Wilson Benedictional St. Æthelwold p. xl It is an example of Canterbury modification of Winchester style.

1928 E. G. Millar Eng. Illumin. MSS XIVth & XVth Cent. ii. 14 The Anglo-Saxon outline draughtsmen of the Winchester and related schools.

1954 M. Rickert Painting in Brit.: Middle Ages ii. 42 But it is not until the second half of the tenth century that the full force of Carolingian art under Æthelwold's sponsorship of the production of manuscripts resulted in the development at Winchester of the famous Winchester style.

1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 559/1 Winchester School... Though some splendid manuscripts came from Winchester, books decorated in the ‘Winchester’ manner were certainly made in other southern English monasteries.

II. Senses relating to the Winchester rifle.

a. The name of Oliver F. Winchester (1810–80), a U.S. manufacturer, used as the designation of a breech-loading rifle having a tubular magazine under the barrel and a horizontal bolt operated by a lever on the underside of the stock.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > rifle > types of

three-o(h)-three1683

air rifle1801

yager1817

big bore1838

seventy-five1840

telescopic rifle1850

Minié rifle1851

needle rifle1856

pea rifle1856

Lancaster1857

six-shooting1858

Whitworth1858

Henry1861

polygroove1863

telescopic-sighted rifle1863

spencer1866

magazine rifle1867

Snider rifle1868

chassepot1869

Martini–Henry rifle1869

Winchester1871

Mauser rifle1872

Martini1876

saloon rifle1881

express1884

express rifle1884

Mannlicher1884

Mauser1887

Lee-Enfield1888

Flobert1890

pump gun1890

take-down1895

two-two1895

Ross rifle1901

hammer-rifle1907

sporter1907

French 751914

twenty-two1925

machine-gun rifle1941

assault rifle1950

assault weapon1968

kalashnikov1970

assault rifle1975

1871 Standard 1 Feb. The arms..being the Remington and the Chassepot, with some few Winchesters.

1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 163 He rushed over to his house and brought out a 17-shot Winchester.

1897 S. L. Hinde Fall Congo Arabs xi. 185 About fifteen Winchester expresses, and the same number of ordinary Winchesters.

b. Computing. Used attributively and absol. with reference to a hermetically sealed storage device incorporating one or more high-capacity hard disks with heads and sometimes also a drive unit. [So called because the original device was intended to contain two 30 megabyte disks and its IBM number would have been 3030, the same as that of a famous Winchester rifle (which used a 0·30 calibre cartridge containing 0·30 grains of powder).]

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [adjective] > relating to magnetic media

diskette1973

Winchester1973

society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > magnetic > hard disk

hard disk1973

Winchester1973

1973 Modern Data July 60/1 The ‘Winchester’ Disk... The product of the so-called ‘Winchester’ project, the eventual nature of the 3340 has been the subject of rumors reported in the trade press.

1976 Computer Weekly 26 Aug. 16/6 There are also special cabinets for the Winchester type of disc module—a recording medium that is expensive in itself irrespective of the data stored on it, and that requires extremely careful handling.

1978 IEEE Trans. Magnetics XIV. 201/1 An example of the current state of the art in fixed head designs utilizing Winchester technology are the fixed heads used in IBM's 3340 and 3350 disc drives.

1980 Sci. Amer. Aug. 117/2 It is now known generically as Winchester technology, that being the code name under which the device was developed at IBM. A Winchester disk memory has one or more rigid disks, either eight or 14 inches in diameter.

1985 Which Computer? Apr. 61/2 One machine has twin floppies, the other has a 10MB Winchester.

Derivatives

† Winˈchestrian adj. Obsolete (see sense 2).

a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xliii. 142 in Wks. (1640) III And this a Sparkle of that fire let loose That was lock'd up in the Winchestrian Goose.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	winchester
释义	Winchestern. Brit. /ˈwɪntʃɪstə/, /ˈwɪntʃɛstə/, U.S. /ˈwɪnˌtʃɛstər/ Etymology: Proper name. I. The name of a city in Hampshire, the capital of Wessex and later of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom: used attributively in specific designations. 1. a. (a) Winchester measure: dry and liquid measures the standards of which were originally deposited at Winchester. Also figurative. So (b) Winchester bushel, Winchester gallon, for which (c) Winchester is used for short (in druggists' use = Winchester quart n. at sense 1b); in modern use (see quots. 1959, 1972); also Winchester bottle. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > specific measures or standards water metOE measurec1350 water met1426 water measure1465 Winchesterc1550 Pool measure1701 mgd1955 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > bottle > other specific types of bottle blacking bottle1838 long neck1840 bocal1847 Winchester1862 pinch bottle1916 (a) c1550 Skelton's Ghost 23 in S.'s Wks. (1843) II. 154 Full Winchester gage We had in that age. 1670 Act 22 Chas. II c. 8 §1 The Standard marked in his Majestyes Exchequer commonly called the Winchester Measure containing Eight Gallons to the Bushell. 1680 V. Alsop Mischief Impositions xiii. 94 The Advice to those in Communion with the Church, was short and sweet, but the Dissenters shall now have it by Winchester measure. ?c1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 114 The Guernsey bushel, great measure, contains about 6 gallons, Winchester measure. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 337/2 An Halfe Peck, of old it contained 5 Quarts, but by Winchester Measure to which by the Statute of the Land all others now conforme, is but 4 Quarts and a Pint. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 228 An acre has been known to yield 300 bushels (Winchester measure) of early potatoes for the first crop. 1860 All Year Round 25 Aug. 479 A runlet (two gallons, Winchester measure). 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) vii. 55 Theire bushell beinge more then doble winchester.] (b)1702 Act 1 Anne Stat. 2. c. 3 §6 A Bushel according to the Standards remaining in the Custody of the Chamberlains of Her Majesties Exchequer commonly called..by the Name of the Winchester Bushel.1737 Act 10 Geo. II c. 30 §2 All Oysters which shall..be imported from France.., shall..be rated at seven Pence per Bushel strike Measure, according to the Winchester Corn Bushel.1769 Ann. Reg. 1768 92 The lords of the manor of Tetbury..were convicted..for not using in the public market a brass Winchester bushel.1791 Encycl. Brit. (Dublin ed.) V. 102/2 268·8 cubic inches to the Winchester gallon.1835 Act 5 & 6 William IV c. 63 §6 Be it enacted, That from and after the passing of this Act the Measure called the Winchester Bushel, and the Lineal Measure called the Scotch Ell,..shall be abolished.(c)a1704 T. Brown Lett. from Dead (new ed.) in Wks. (1707) II. ii. 68 Seal'd Winchesters of Three-penny Guzzle.1722 E. Ward Wand'ring Spy: Pt. II 67 [They] Call'd for full Winchester's of Stout.1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 87 Bay-salt..is sold to the husbandman from four-pence to six-pence a winchester.1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 88 Each bushel three winchesters, or twenty-four gallons.1862 Chemist & Druggist 15 Feb. (Advt. section) 37/1 Druggists' Bottles... Winchester, 100 oz.1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 66 The ‘Winchester’ is duly labelled.1905 W. L. F. Wastell & R. C. Bayley Hand Camera 145 (note) A ‘Winchester’, or ‘Winchester Quart’, is a bottle holding eighty ounces.1959 Gloss. Packaging Terms (B.S.I.) 28 Winchester, a term applied to round, narrow or wide-mouth bottles usually used for the distribution of chemicals or pharmaceutical products.1963 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 191 59 The author suggests that the Winchester bottle was thus named by the druggists who utilised it for supplying the [Winchester] hospital's drug orders.1972 Bottlers' Year Bk. 1972–3 423 Winchester, a large bottle of variable capacity used for soluble essences, etc., usually containing from about 6 to 10 lb. of the product. b. Winchester quart n. (a) a quart (2 pints) in Winchester measure; (b) Pharmacology 4 Imperial pints, i.e. 80 fluid ounces (in quot. 1870, 100 fl. oz.); also, a bottle holding 4 pints.See Pharmaceut. Jrnl. (1963) CXCI. 59 for an argument that in sense (b) it is properly 85 fl. oz., a quarter of the new barn gallon of 2¹/ ₈ Imperial gallons. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > two pints or quart chopin1275 quarta1382 wine-quart1660 qt.1664 Winchester quart1742 reputed quart1787 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > bottle > of specific size quart bottle1454 Winchester quart1742 the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > two pints or quart > four pints Winchester quart1742 1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July x. 61 At our Country Towns, they sell a Winchester Quart of Milk..for a Penny. 1758 Rep. Comm. Weights & Meas. (House of Commons) 39 Standard weights and measures in the possession of the Hall-keeper of the Guild-Hall... 1 corn half peck marked 1601. 1 Winchester quart ditto. 1 ditto pint ditto. 1816 P. Kelly Metrol. 89 The Coal Bushel holds one Winchester quart more than the Winchester bushel [sc. 2150.42 cubic inches]; it therefore contains 2217.62 cubic inches. 1870 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 11 650 Omagh is said to take about 400 Winchester quarts (equal to 250 gallons) [of methylated ether] yearly. 1874 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 5 442/1 A Winchester quart (four pints) is first half filled with infusion. 1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 65 Fill a ‘Winchester quart’ bottle with this test acid. 1897 Chemist & Druggist 5 June 891/1 The questions on which we should like information are—What is a Winchester quart the fourth of, or how it came to designate a half-gallon? and whether it and the Winchester pint were ever recognised measures? 1963 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 191 60/1 The Winchester quart's success was due, one suspects, to the fact that it is the largest bottle which can conveniently be held in one hand. †2. Winchester goose: see goose n. 3. 3. Winchester school, a southern English style of manuscript illumination of the 10th and 11th cent., originating at Winchester. Also Winchester manner, Winchester style. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination > school or style of illumination opus anglicum1849 Winchester school1892 1892 J. H. Middleton Illumin. MSS. vii. 101 Another very fine example of the Winchester school of illumination is the manuscript Charter which King Edgar granted to the new minster at Winchester in 966. 1892 J. H. Middleton Illumin. MSS. vii. 101 In artistic power this tenth century Winchester school of illuminators appears, for a while at least, to have been foremost in the world. 1910 G. F. Warner in Warner & Wilson Benedictional St. Æthelwold p. xl It is an example of Canterbury modification of Winchester style. 1928 E. G. Millar Eng. Illumin. MSS XIVth & XVth Cent. ii. 14 The Anglo-Saxon outline draughtsmen of the Winchester and related schools. 1954 M. Rickert Painting in Brit.: Middle Ages ii. 42 But it is not until the second half of the tenth century that the full force of Carolingian art under Æthelwold's sponsorship of the production of manuscripts resulted in the development at Winchester of the famous Winchester style. 1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 559/1 Winchester School... Though some splendid manuscripts came from Winchester, books decorated in the ‘Winchester’ manner were certainly made in other southern English monasteries. II. Senses relating to the Winchester rifle. 4. a. The name of Oliver F. Winchester (1810–80), a U.S. manufacturer, used as the designation of a breech-loading rifle having a tubular magazine under the barrel and a horizontal bolt operated by a lever on the underside of the stock. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > rifle > types of three-o(h)-three1683 air rifle1801 yager1817 big bore1838 seventy-five1840 telescopic rifle1850 Minié rifle1851 needle rifle1856 pea rifle1856 Lancaster1857 six-shooting1858 Whitworth1858 Henry1861 polygroove1863 telescopic-sighted rifle1863 spencer1866 magazine rifle1867 Snider rifle1868 chassepot1869 Martini–Henry rifle1869 Winchester1871 Mauser rifle1872 Martini1876 saloon rifle1881 express1884 express rifle1884 Mannlicher1884 Mauser1887 Lee-Enfield1888 Flobert1890 pump gun1890 take-down1895 two-two1895 Ross rifle1901 hammer-rifle1907 sporter1907 French 751914 twenty-two1925 machine-gun rifle1941 assault rifle1950 assault weapon1968 kalashnikov1970 assault rifle1975 1871 Standard 1 Feb. The arms..being the Remington and the Chassepot, with some few Winchesters. 1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 163 He rushed over to his house and brought out a 17-shot Winchester. 1897 S. L. Hinde Fall Congo Arabs xi. 185 About fifteen Winchester expresses, and the same number of ordinary Winchesters. b. Computing. Used attributively and absol. with reference to a hermetically sealed storage device incorporating one or more high-capacity hard disks with heads and sometimes also a drive unit. [So called because the original device was intended to contain two 30 megabyte disks and its IBM number would have been 3030, the same as that of a famous Winchester rifle (which used a 0·30 calibre cartridge containing 0·30 grains of powder).] ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [adjective] > relating to magnetic media diskette1973 Winchester1973 society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > magnetic > hard disk hard disk1973 Winchester1973 1973 Modern Data July 60/1 The ‘Winchester’ Disk... The product of the so-called ‘Winchester’ project, the eventual nature of the 3340 has been the subject of rumors reported in the trade press. 1976 Computer Weekly 26 Aug. 16/6 There are also special cabinets for the Winchester type of disc module—a recording medium that is expensive in itself irrespective of the data stored on it, and that requires extremely careful handling. 1978 IEEE Trans. Magnetics XIV. 201/1 An example of the current state of the art in fixed head designs utilizing Winchester technology are the fixed heads used in IBM's 3340 and 3350 disc drives. 1980 Sci. Amer. Aug. 117/2 It is now known generically as Winchester technology, that being the code name under which the device was developed at IBM. A Winchester disk memory has one or more rigid disks, either eight or 14 inches in diameter. 1985 Which Computer? Apr. 61/2 One machine has twin floppies, the other has a 10MB Winchester. Derivatives † Winˈchestrian adj. Obsolete (see sense 2). Π a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xliii. 142 in Wks. (1640) III And this a Sparkle of that fire let loose That was lock'd up in the Winchestrian Goose. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1550
随便看	apes apeshit apess apetaloid apetalous apetalousness apeth apeward apeware apex apex beat apex court apex fare apex predator apex right apex ticket apexed apexes apfelsaft apfelstrudel apfelstrudels apgar apgar score aph aph-