windn.1
/wɪnd/, U.S. /wɪnd/ I. The literal sense, in various applications.
1. Air in motion; a state of movement in the air; a current of air, of any degree of force perceptible to the senses, occurring naturally in the atmosphere, usually parallel to the surface of the ground.
a. In general or collective sense.In the collective sense now always with the definite article.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun]
windc825
whyȝtc1300
vent1608
(a)singular.
(b)plural.c825 Vesp. Psalter xvii[i]. 11 [10] Volavit super pinnas ventorum, fleg ofer fiðru winda.971 Blickl. Hom. 51 Þas windas & þas regnas syndon ealle his.a1300 Cursor Mundi 22630 Windes on ilk side sal rise.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 34 Right now the hyhe wyndes blowe.c1460 J. Metham Wks. (1916) 157 [I]ff Crystemes day falle vp-on Moneday, yt schuld be a gret wyntyr, and fulle off wyindys.c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies ii. xi. sig. C8 Hether the windes blowe, here the spring-tide rore.a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 261 The Lord of Armies, wha ryddes upon the winges of the woundes.1656 A. Cowley Davideis i. 26 (note) in Poems The Matter of winds is an Exhalation arising out of the concavities of the Earth.a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 195 Command the winds, and tame th' unwilling deep.1830 Ld. Tennyson Ode to Memory ii, in Poems 59 The dewimpearléd winds of dawn.1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 263 The lighter débris is scattered by the winds far and wide over the glacier.c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxix. 285 Se ðe him ealneg wind ondræt, he sæwð to seldon.
971 Blickl. Hom. 65 Ne biþ þær hungor, ne þurst, ne wind, ne gewenn.
OE Cynewulf Elene 1271 Landes frætwe gewitaþ under wolcnum winde geliccost, þonne he for hæleðum hlud astigeð.
OE Beowulf 1132 Holm storme weol, won wið winde.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 47 Se ðe gadereð mihtes wiðuten eadmodnesse,..he is ilich ðo manne ðe berð dust amidewarde ðe winde.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23667 Hat and cald and rain and wind.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 372 Þe wawes were so wode Wiþ winde.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 92 Whan þe wind on þe watur þe wawus arereþ.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 72 A reede wawinge wiþ þe wynde.
c1400 Mandeville iii. (1919) I. 10 The eyr so cleer þat men may fynde no wynd þere.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 190 On a night whan hit was paisible of wynd & of storme.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xvii[i]. 42 I will beate them as small as the dust before the wynde.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos iv. C He maketh the mountaynes, he ordeneth the wynde.
1594 1st Pt. Raigne Selimus C 2 Let our winged coursers tread the winde.
1609 T. Dekker Rauens Almanacke sig. G1 He seemed so chary ouer her, that it grieued him the winde should blowe on her.
1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant ix. 4 A storme of wind.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 231 As when the force Of subterranean wind transports a Hill Torn from Pelorus. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 214 Bare were her Knees, and knots her Garments bind; Loose was her Hair, and wanton'd in the Wind.
1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 177 Water engines that go by wind.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. viii. 161 Not a breath of wind crossed the heavens.
1887 Field 10 Dec. 897 [He] kicked off..against both wind and sun.
1893 Law Times 95 104/2 A gust of wind blew the plaintiff's mackintosh coat against the fence.
b. In particularized use (see also 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air
windc1000
air-current1600
streama1722
draughta1774
air draught1786
waft1863
airstream1869
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 56 Bærn eal to somne on ða healfe ðe se wind sy.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3087 Ðis wind hem brogte ðe skipperes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18919 Þar come a sune vte of þe air..wid a wend at come wid-all And..fild all þat hall.
c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 52 An hote wende.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xiv. 39 A small rayne abatyth a grete wynd.
1682 J. Dryden Medall 15 The Clymate, vex't with various Winds.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 27 The roaring wind! it roar'd far off.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxviii. 298 There was just such a wind, and just such a fall of snow, a good many years back.
1880 G. Sutherland Tales of Goldfields 1 Hot winds and floods destroyed the crops.
1895 S. A. Brooke in L. P. Jacks Life & Lett. S. Brooke (1917) II. 520 A low wind wandered about like a fairy.
c. A symbolical representation of the wind. (Cf. French têtes de vents.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols > others
Samian letter1616
A1651
Tetragrammaton1656
arrow1744
arrowhead1832
wind1847
scarlet letter1850
sun wheel1865
sacred axe1866
rising sun1868
crow's foot1871
Easter rabbit1881
hexagram1882
sun sign1882
Easter bunny1900
Staffordshire knot1908
sinsigna1914
tectiform1921
padma1954
smiley face1957
happy face1971
lexigram1973
emoticon1988
smiley1989
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxi. 313 A cherubim on a monument, with cheeks like a young Wind.
d. figurative (sometimes = ‘rage’): cf. whirlwind n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun]
foamc900
wrethec950
woodnessc1000
eyec1175
wrathc1175
grim13..
ragingc1300
ragec1325
furyc1374
fiercetya1382
fiercenessc1384
wrotha1400
grindellaikc1400
rasedheadc1450
furor1477
windc1485
furiousnessc1500
enrage1502
furiosity1509
passion1524
ourningc1540
enragement1596
enragedness1611
transportation1617
emportment1663
madness1663
foaming1709
infuriation1848
c1485 Digby Myst. i. 45 Sle them all either for ffoo or ffrende: thus he commaundid in his furious wynde.
1834 W. Beckford Italy; with Sketches Spain & Portugal II. 248 The wind is up in the archbishop's brain just at this moment, and by the least contradiction more would become a hurricane.
1866 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xi. 127 Lady Petherwin crashed out of the room in a wind of indignation.
2.
a. With specific reference to the direction from which it blows; usually qualified by the name of a point of the compass, or in plural by a numeral, esp. four (hence sometimes transferred = points of the compass, directions).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction
windc725
lateral1635
headwind1709
c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) A 951 Auster, suðuuind.
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. vi. §1 Se suðerna wind hwilum mid miclum storme gedrefeð þa sæ.
a1000 Boeth. Metr. xii. 14 Gif hine lytle ær stormas gestondað & se stearca wind, norðan & eastan.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 274 Ðas feower heafodwindas habbað betweox him on ymbhwyrfte oðre eahta windas.
c1350 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 565 Northwynde, Estwynde.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 14 Þis souþ-Westerne wynt.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) i. met. iii. 9 Þe wynde þat hyȝt borias.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 14 Þe southwest wynde..Was pertliche for pure pryde, and for no poynt elles.
1379 MS Gloucester Cathedral 19 No. 1. i. iv. f. 12 b The four wyndes, & thayre 8 wyndes.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xxxvii. 9 Fro four wyndys cum, thou spirit.
c1425 MS Digby 233 lf. 224 b/2 Est wynde..hath tweyne syde wyndes oþer quarter wyndes.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 48 The marynalis..hes..discriuit thretty tua sortis of vyndis.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 380 When the wind is Southerly. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 255 To run vpon the sharpe winde of the North. View more context for this quotation
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. vi. 151 One Rhumbe answeares to two coasts or windes.
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 1 The wind in the South, then that blows the Flie in the Trouts mouth.
1659 J. Twysden tr. S. Foster Of Projection v. 27, in Miscellanea Project these Azimuths or winds into the horizontal line.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 516 Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim Put to thir mouths the sounding Alchymie. View more context for this quotation
1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind i, in Prometheus Unbound 188 O, wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being.
1849 C. J. Lever Confessions Con Cregan I. xviii. 287 The wind was a nor'-wester.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxviii. 282 The cousins disperse to the four winds of heaven.
b. Mah-jong. Any of the four compass-positions about the wall of tiles taken up by a player; the player who occupies this place. Also, any of sixteen tiles (four of each sort) representing one of the four winds used in the game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > mah-jong > [noun] > wind
north wind1922
south wind1922
west wind1922
wind1922
1922 M. S. Rosenblatt Majong 2 There are 4 ‘Winds’..and there are 4 pieces of each ‘Wind’.
1925 B. Travers Mischief v. 86 Louise came in, all fatigued and heated from harbouring red dragons and punging her opponent's wind.
1938 V. L. Cecil Maajh 2 Each player took the position of one of the four Winds.
1960 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games vi. 152 The tiles are grouped into: Cardinal tiles... Winds... Honour tiles... Minor tiles.
1960 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games vi. 156 Each wind in turn becomes the wind of the round. The first round is East Wind's.
1979 M. Hammer Learn to play Mah Jongg ii. 35 The next step is to evaluate which tiles are more prevalent—odds, evens, winds, singles, pairs.
3.
a. In reference to navigation, as the means of propulsion of a sailing vessel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind as means of propulsion
windc900
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > wind as means of propulsion
windc900
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. i To þon ðætte..gesyndge windas..usic æt lande gebrohte.
OE Beowulf 217 Gewat þa ofer wægholm winde gefysed flota famiheals.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 120 He þonene iuatte. forð aȝein mid þan winde.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6827 Þe wind hom paide wel & to þe se hii come.
13.. Propr. Sanct. in Herrig Archiv LXXXI. 112/83 Þe wynt wox þo contrarious.
c1425 Engl. Conquest Ireland (1896) xxxiii. 80 As thay wer wynd abydynge.
c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 44 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 130 Þan vent þai to þe se..&..gud vend þai had.
1543–4 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 249 The saidis boittis witht artalȝe, quhilkis war seperat be ane gret wound.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Afoir the vynd.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 209 We sayled commonly with a fore wind, the winds being more constant in that sea.
1633 G. Herbert Providence in Temple xxiii The windes, who think they rule the mariner, Are rul'd by him, and taught to serve his trade.
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. at Ride To Ride betwixt wind and tide, is when the wind and tyde have equall power.
1691 Sir J. Ashby's Acc. Engagem. 15 If the Wind had stood, we should have had more fighting.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 7 I set up my Sail, the Wind being fair.
1792 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 268 [We] set off in our vessel for Ryde, with wind and tide both against us.
1879 J. Beerbohm Wanderings in Patagonia 1 A fair wind..soon brought us close to our destination.
b. Nautical in various expressions referring to the direction or position of the wind in relation to the ship: hence also allusively.e.g. to gain, get, or take the wind of, to get to windward of (another ship) so as to intercept the wind, to get the weather gage of: so to give, have the wind of. to go on a wind: to avail oneself of it for sailing. to keep one's (the, a good) wind, to keep close to the wind without falling away to leeward. to take the wind out of the sails of (fig.), to deprive of one's means of progress, put a check upon the action of, put at a disadvantage. to turn (the) wind, to turn so as to get on the other side of the wind. (For other phrases, as to haul one's wind, to hold a good wind, etc.: see the verbs.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > go about
to turn, wend the luff?c1225
to turn (the) wind14..
to go about1588
veera1653
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > get or keep weather gauge of
to have the weather of1526
to gain, get, or take the wind of1563
get1600
to give, have the wind of1600
to recover the wind of1604
weather-gauge1892
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > sail close to the wind > without making leeway
to keep one's (the, a good) wind1666
hold wind1759
point1881
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > get or keep weather gauge of > allow to get weather gauge of
to give, have the wind of1704
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)]
to go on a wind1821
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)]
letc888
shrenchc897
forstanda1000
amarOE
disturbc1290
impeachc1380
stopc1380
withstandc1385
hinder1413
accloy1422
hindc1426
to hold abackc1440
appeachc1460
impeditec1535
inhibit1535
obstacle1538
damp1548
trip1548
embarrass1578
dam1582
to clip the wings ofa1593
unhelp1598
uppen1600
straiten1607
rub1608
impediment1610
impedea1616
to put out1616
to put off1631
scote1642
obstruct1645
incommodiate1650
offend1651
sufflaminate1656
hindrance1664
disassist1671
clog1679
muzzle1706
squeeze1804
to take the wind out of the sails of1822
throttle1825
block1844
overslaugh1853
snag1863
gum1901
slow-walk1965
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [verb (transitive)]
disvail14..
disavail1429
disadvantage?c1550
to weaken the hands of1560
disvantage1567
to take the wind out of the sails of1822
handicap1857
to stack the cards (etc.) against1941
disbenefit1978
14.. in J. Gairdner Sailing Direct. (1889) 13 By turnyng wynde at an est south of the moone.
1563 T. Gresham in J. W. Burgon Life & Times Sir T. Gresham (1839) II. 41 They did all they colde to tacke the wynde of us.
1600 C. Leigh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 198 All the three Biskainers made toward our ship, which was not carelesse to get the winde of them all.
1600 T. Dallam Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) i. 97 We havinge the wynde of the Spanishe ships.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime ii. 7 We..made all haste possible to gaine the winde of him.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xix. 68 Like an old Soldier as he was, and verst in the trade of Pyrat, he got the wind of us.
1666 London Gaz. No. 74/2 The Zealand Admiral kept his wind, the Admiral of the Blew, with eight or ten more standing after him.
a1687 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. iii, in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions (1691) 127 What makes her [sc. a ship] Leeward or keep a good Wind.
1696 tr. J. Dumont New Voy. Levant xxvi. 350 They are oblig'd to take the Wind of us.
1704 London Gaz. No. 4054/1 The Wind shifted..to the Westward, which gave the Enemy the Wind of us.
1805 Ld. Nelson 6 Oct. in Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 82 To keep the wind under three topsails and foresail for the night.
1821 New Monthly Mag. 3 347/2 It [sc. the sailing carriage] can go on a wind, and tack as a vessel at sea.
1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. ix. 223 He would take the wind out of the sail of every gallant.
a1828 Young Allan vi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1892) IV. viii. 379 My master has a coal-carrier Will take the wind frae thee. She will gae out under the leaf, Come in under the lee, And nine times in a winter night She'll turn the wind wi thee.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen vi. 90 They rarely go on a wind if it blows at all fresh.
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 65 333 I felt the ship bring her wind a-quarter.
1883 Harper's Mag. Feb. 339/2 A young upstart of a rival, Llanelly..which has taken a great deal of the wind out of the sails of its older neighbor.
4. As conveying scent, esp. the scent of a person or animal in hunting, etc.: in various phrases, literal and figurative. to take, have, get, gain the wind of, to scent or detect by or as by the wind; hence occasionally to keep under observation. Conversely, to give (an animal) one's wind. to keep the wind, to keep the game on the windward side so as to scent it, or so that it does not scent one. †on one's wind, on one's trail or track. †to the wind, to windward. within wind of, near enough to be detected by.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun] > conveyor of odours
windc1330
gale1711
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > [phrase] > on the track of
on one's windc1330
on the track (of)1871
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [verb (intransitive)] > track or perceive using sense of smell
winda1425
vent1538
to keep the wind1594
scent1596
the world > space > distance > [phrase] > that may be reached > within range or reach
within reachc1515
within one's strokea1533
in the (also one's) way1534
within power1548
under the dint of1577
in(to), within, out of shot1635
within arm's reacha1652
within one's force1680
within touch1753
in touch1854
within wind of1865
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 7956 Þis seiȝen þe sexten þousinde & comen swiþe on our winde.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 469 The stynk scalyt off ded bodyis.. The Scottis abhord ner-hand for to byd, Ȝeid to the wynd.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 751/1 I take the wynde, as a dere dothe of a person... Let hym take good hede that they take nat the wynde of him.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. ii. 132 My sonne and I will haue the winde of you. View more context for this quotation
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. ii. 14 He knows the game, how well he keepes the wind?
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 334 Why doe you goe about to recouer the wind of mee, as if you would driue me into a toyle? View more context for this quotation
1606 J. Marston Parasitaster ii. D 1 Peace the woolfes eare takes the winde of vs.
1606 J. Marston Parasitaster iii. F 1 b We can take the winde, And smell you out.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. ii. 9 Clo. Truely, Fortunes displeasure is but sluttish if it smell so strongly as thou speak'st of..Prethee alow the winde. Par. Nay you neede not to stop your nose sir: I spake but by a Metaphor. View more context for this quotation
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 391 We could smell them out in the thick Woods if we had but the wind of them.
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. II. xviii. 25 I gave the large herd my wind, upon which they instantly tossed their trunks aloft.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 36 For here are the Prussians within wind of us!
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island ii. x. 83 We had run up the trades to get the wind of the island we were after.
1887 Field 19 Feb. 251/3 A small troop of four rhebok, which had..got our wind shortly before.
1890 S. W. Baker Wild Beasts II. 92 I have myself been hunted out of the jungle by two rhinoceroses which thus gained our wind.
5. In alliterative conjunction with weather: most frequently, now always, wind and weather; formerly also weather and wind, also with the, or with one or both nouns in plural. †(a) originally connoting stormy inclement weather (cf. weather n. 1g, 1h); (b) later, in neutral sense, atmospheric conditions as favourable or unfavourable for travelling; (c) now chiefly with reference to exposure to weathering influences.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun]
weatherc725
weatheringa1122
wind and weathera1225
time?a1425
a1225 Juliana 72 Buldeð ower boldes uppon treowe staðele þat ne dredeð na wind ne na weder nowðer.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. viii. 41 Like to þe grete wawes, Þat as wyndes and wederes walweth aboute.
a1400 Octouian 1237 Good wynd and wedyr þay hadde at wylle.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 444 Where þe wynde & þe weder warpen hit wolde, Hit saȝtled.
1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 335/1 At the next Wynde and Wedder that wille serve theym.
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 220 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 262 Bo[t] tholyt al þat haly rowte in wynd & wedyre ly þare-owt of þare tempil.
1513 Sir E. Howard in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 150 If wynde and wedour will serve.
1587 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1840) II. 356 That he sould keip his hour wind and weddar servand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 227 'Tis in graine sir, 'twill endure winde and weather. View more context for this quotation
a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §330 341 Wind and weather were ever against him, a proverb applied to the unfortunate.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 56 With what art..the Papacy..was tacked into the Church contrary to wind and weather.
1667 Wellshure in Earl Orrery St. Lett. (1742) 293 If it should be my fortune to meet with prizes, I shall bring them here, if wind and weather will permit me.
1712 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 17 June (1948) II. 539 If it did not come in due time, can I help Wind and Weathr.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lix. 588 It is a great house still, proof against wind and weather.
6. As a thing devoid of sense or perception, or that is unaffected by what one does to it: in phrases usually expressing futile action or effort, as to beat the wind (see beat v.1 1c), to speak to the wind, to spit against (or into) the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail [verb (intransitive)] > expend effort in vain
to lose or spill one's whilec1175
to speak to the windc1330
tinec1330
to beat the windc1375
lose?a1513
to boil, roast, or wash a stonea1529
to lose (one's) oil1548
to plough the sand (also sands)a1565
to wash an ass's head (or ears)1581
to wash an Ethiop, a blackamoor (white)1581
to wash a wall of loam, a brick or tilea1600
to milk the bull (also he-goat, ram)1616
to bark against (or at) the moona1641
dead horse1640
to cast stones against the wind1657
dry-ditcha1670
baffle1860
to go, run or rush (a)round in circles1933
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 7072 xii hundred ogain fourti þousinde Ferd, so smoke ogain þe winde.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. FFiiiv In so doing, it may nat be said that we bete ye wynde.
1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 261 He spake to the winde.
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Giij I see I swimme agaynst the streame, I kicke against a gode, I caste a stone against the winde.
1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie ii. 109 Thou shalte be like him that spitteth againste the winde, whose slaver fleeth in his owne face.
a1596 G. Peele Loue King Dauid & Fair Bethsabe (1599) sig. Biijv He..makes their weapons wound the sencelesse winds.
1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. E4 For your names, of Whoore and Murdresse they proceed from you, As if a man should spit against the wind, The filth returne's in's face.
1614 J. Cooke Greenes Tu Quoque G 3 To strike Ayres, or buffet with the Winde, That playes vpon vs.
1622 J. Taylor Shilling C 4 Like throwing feathers 'gainst the winde.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 345 Entellus wasts his Forces on the Wind.
1713 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 10 Apr. (1948) II. 658 This I tell her, but talk to the Winds.
1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. 201 ‘Have you spoken to her?’ ‘As well speak to the wind.’
1968 Guardian 1 Oct. 8/5 The decision to withdraw our forces..was inevitable, and Mr Heath is spitting into the wind when he tells Australian audiences that a Conservative Government would go back.
1975 Times 10 Nov. 12/4 To adopt a vivid barrack-room expression, it is no good spitting against the wind or shouting against thunder.
7. In comparisons, as a type of violence or fury (†phr. wroth as (the) wind), swiftness, freedom or unrestrainable character, mutability or fickleness, lightness or emptiness (cf. 15).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] > furiously angry
grim971
aweddeOE
woodlyc1000
anburstc1275
woodc1275
aburstc1300
eagerc1325
brotheful1330
brothely1330
furiousc1374
wroth as (the) wind1377
throc1380
fella1382
wrothlya1400
grindelc1400
raginga1425
furibund1490
bremit1535
outraging1567
fulminant?1578
wood-like1578
horn-mad1579
snuff1582
woodful1582
maddeda1586
rageful1585
furibundal1593
gary1609
fierce1611
wild1653
infuriate1667
hopping mad1675
maddened1735
sulphureous1751
savage1789
infuriated1796
bouncing mad1834
frenzy1859
furyinga1861
ropeable1870
furied1878
fulminous1886
livid1888
fit to be tied1894
hopping1894
fighting mad1896
tamping mad1946
up the wall1951
ravers1967
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > one who or that which moves swiftly > typically
wind1377
swallowc1380
quicksilver1562
shoes of swiftness1787
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > wind as typical of
wind1377
the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] > changeable person or thing
weathercocka1300
wind?a1513
Proteus1528
chameleon1586
moon's man1598
vane1598
mooncalf1607
remover1609
tarand1641
inconstant1647
mutables1652
changeablea1711
kaleidoscope1819
phantasmagoria1822
palimpsest1845
variable1846
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 350 ‘I may no lenger lette’, quod he,..And went away as wynde.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 410 He wex as wroth as þe wynde towarde oure lorde.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv Schir golograse for greif his gray ene brynt. Wod wraith as [printed ad] the wynd.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 259 Purpos dois change as wynd or rane.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bviiiv All dependeth of a thyng that is more lyght than is the wynde.
c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 83 A man of the winde, and false fellowe.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 100 Vaine fantasie..more inconstant than the winde . View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 94 About the wood, goe swifter then the winde . View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 250 Speake frankly as the winde.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 502 Thou shalt be as free As mountaine windes . View more context for this quotation
1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā vi. 66 I esteem it as difficult to restrain as the wind.
1855 H. W. Longfellow My Lost Youth i A verse of a Lapland song..‘A boy's will is the wind's will’.
II. Transferred senses. (See also 1c, 2)† 8.
a. Air in general, as a substance or ‘element’. Obsolete except as in 8b. to take wind: to become tainted or corrupted by exposure to or access of air; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun]
windc1250
airc1300
windiness1587
blore?1614
ethereal1661
ambient1677
ether1713
Ewigkeit1877
c1250 Hymn in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 258 Þu sscope eld & wind & water, þe molde is þet feorþe.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 56 Witt and water, wynd and fuyr.
c1400 26 Pol. Poems 101/19 In heuene, wiþ angels, aboue þe wynde.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 34 Do hit in a barel þenne;..Stop wele þo hede for wynde.
1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams xxiv. sig. Aviii It hath tane to much wynde in the poudryng tubbe.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lv. 13 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 55 Then say I ô might I but cutt the wind, Born on the wing the fearfull doue doth beare.
a1610 J. Healey in tr. Theophrastus Characters To Rdr. sig. I2, in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) By powring it out of the Latin into the vulgar..it cannot but (by my vnskilfulnesse) it hath taken some wind.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 80 Whither are they vanish'd? Macb. Into the Ayre: and what seem'd corporall, Melted, as breath into the Winde . View more context for this quotation
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §998 The Sword it selfe must be Wrapped vp Close, as farre as the Ointment goeth, that it taketh no Wind.
1685 J. Chamberlayne tr. P. S. Dufour Manner of making Coffee, Tea, & Chocolate 44 If it [sc. tea] takes wind, 'tis spoiled, and has no more strength then dead leven.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 180 Settle the Ground about the Plants, lest the Roots take Wind.
b. wind and water. (a) in between (or betwixt) wind and water (Nautical), referring to that part of a ship's side which is sometimes above water and sometimes submerged, in which part a shot is peculiarly dangerous; hence in figurative phrases expressing serious injury or attack. (b) attributive and in other combinations, as wind and water line, the part of a ship's side between wind and water; also transferred (see quot. 1876); †wind and water tight adj., proof against wind and rain or flood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific
watertight1489
wind-tight1507
wind and water tighta1550
weatherproof1647
weather-tight1648
wind-fast1648
airtight1728
steam-tight1765
waterproofed1813
gas-tight1819
acid-proof1844
gas-proof1846
oil-tight1847
mudproof1897
pressure-tight1899
draught-proof1908
weather-stripped1908
spill-proof1920
vacuum-tight1927
splash-proof1929
vapour-proof1946
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [phrase] > on part sometimes submerged
between (or betwixt) wind and watera1550
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > in a manner causing great harm [phrase]
between (or betwixt) wind and watera1652
a1550 Hye Way to Spittel Hous 615 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 52 Landlordes that do no reparacyons, But leue..Theyr housyng vnkept wynd and water tyght.
1588 Cert. Advert. Losses Spanish Navie Irel. B 2 One of the shot was betweene the winde and the water, whereof they thought she would haue sonke.
1614 T. Herode in W. Foster Lett. received by E. India Co. (1897) II. 94 His ship had been long out and very much eaten between wind and water.
a1652 A. Wilson Inconstant Lady iii. iv Now they haue crackt mee betwixt wind and water A'most past cure. Stay, let me feele my selfe.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. x. 27 The good old man was shot between Wind and Water, and his consent was assaulted in a dangerous joincture of time to give any deniall.
1691 Satyr against French 27 These Female Frigats did more Mischiefs scatter, By their low tire of Guns 'twixt wind and water.
1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 291 They..had receiv'd a Shot between Wind and Water, and the Ship leak'd very much.
1823 J. Bric Let. 22 Feb. in Corresp. D. O'Connell (1972) II. 447 You have hit the thing between wind and water and whilst you have justly elevated your own name you have done much for your country.
1866 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. IX. ix. 155 The ‘Congress’..was hulled twelve times, and hit seven times between wind and water.
1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 161 The ground line, or, as it is more frequently termed, the wind and water line.
1967 M. Gilbert Dust & Heat iii. 239 Mallinson must have guessed what was coming. Nevertheless, it hit him between wind and water.
9. Compressed or confined air; air that inflates or is contained within some body. Now rare (and superseded by air) except as in 10. (With quot. 1676 cf. windage n. 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > compressed or confined air
wind?c1225
compressed air1669
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 207 A nelde pricunge warpeð alþe wint ut.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 207 An bleddre ibollen of wint.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 17 As a blather full of wynde.
1560 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodyake of Lyfe i. sig. Avii A blather full inplete with wynde.
1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments i. viii. 109 A great ball of double leather fild with winde.
1676 T. Binning Light to Art of Gunnery xiii. 42 (heading) How to Extract the Wind from the Bore of a Peece Geometrically, and thereby to know a fit Ball for the same.
10.
a. ‘Air’ or gas in the stomach or intestines (or, according to early notions, in other parts of the body); flatus. †Also plural. to break wind, to discharge flatus from the stomach or bowels (see break v. Phrases 6); †of a remedy, to cure or dispel flatulence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > flatulence
windc1000
ventosity1398
ventosities1422
ventosenessa1425
windinessc1450
blastinga1475
flatulentness1563
flatuosity1600
flatuousness1600
pursiness1607
flatea1644
sufflature1660
flatulency1661
flatus1669
flatulence1858
gaseosity1968
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (intransitive)]
fartOE
fistc1440
to let a scape1549
to break wind1552
crepitate1623
crack1653
poop1689
roar1897
poot1940
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 224 Gif sio wamb biþ windes full, þonne cymð þæt of wlacre wætan.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) v. xxxvii Grete ventosite and winde þat stoppith þe weye of þe breeþ.
a1400–50 Stockholm Med. MS. 151 For wynd in þe hed.
c1400 Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 70 It sterys hete to þe body, and destroyes wyndes.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxix. sig. M.i Make no restryctyon, of wynde and water: nor seege that nature wolde expelle.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Belke, or bolke, or breake wynde vpwarde.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 171 He would give folke leave to breake winde downward and let it goe even with a crack at the very bourd.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters 45 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) He lying along, belcheth or breaketh wind.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xxi. 769/1 An ouermuch quantity of a confection to breake winde from off his stomacke.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 89 The vse of milke is very hurtfull vnto them that are subiect to winde.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 23 in Justa Edouardo King The hungry sheep..swoln with wind.
1661 S. Pepys Diary 14 Aug. (1970) II. 154 His pain (which was Wind got into the Muscles of his right side).
1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 378 That the Liver produces a Wind in the Heart that is, the Rarifaction of Humours.
1714 J. Purcell Treat. Cholick 65 When the Pain spreads itself all over the Belly, 'tis occasion'd for the most part by Winds.
1791 ‘P. Pindar’ Lousiad: Canto III 43 Had the Thund'rer but broke wind.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 206/1 I can dispel wind in two minutes.
1855 J. Leech Pict. Life & Char. i Domestic Bliss. [speaking of a baby] That is not taking notice; it's only the wind.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 911 Even respectable people take the ether.., pretending that it is useful for ‘the wind in the stomach’.
b. to get the wind up (slang): to get into a state of alarm or ‘funk’. So to put the wind up (a person).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] > be alarmed
tremble and trotc1425
fear1490
startle1562
to give (also take, raise) the alarm1570
to take alarm1587
to take bog1627
scare1900
to get (have)or put the breeze up1910
to get the wind up1916
spook1928
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing apprehension or alarm > alarm [verb (transitive)]
misforgivea1425
feezec1440
effray1480
amaze?1518
misgivea1535
deter1595
baze1603
alarm1620
larum1758
to put the wind up1916
spook1935
1916 P. Gibbs Battles of Somme xxii. 172 It was obvious that the blinking Boche had got the wind up.
1918 W. Owen Let. 11 Oct. (1967) 584 Shells so close that they thoroughly put the wind up a Life Guardsman in the trench with me.
1922 C. Alington Strained Relations viii. 118 I tell you you've absolutely put the wind up Uncle Bob and Peter! They're scared to death of your finding them out.
11.
a. Air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs: = breath n. 3 Obsolete except as coloured by 11d below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > breath
ghosteOE
bleadc890
ethemeOE
windOE
fnastc1000
breathOE
blas?c1225
blasta1325
andec1330
respiration?a1425
breast1535
air1567
respirea1657
puff1827
OE Riddle 14 14 Ic [sc. a horn] winde sceal sincfag swelgan of sumes bosme.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 531 Þis wind [Vesp. aand] þat men draus oft Bitakins wind þat blauis on loft.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 6415 A litel hole in her chyn Where her wynde gooþ out & in.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxii. 99 Þe preste..castez a clath on his mouth and stoppez his wynde.
1535 Goodly Prymer in Eng. sig. O.ijv I begynne to waxe faynte, and scarcely able to drawe my wynde.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiv. xxii. 427 His wind he never tooke while the cup was at his mouth, but justly observed the rule of drinking with one breath.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. ii. 30 She does so blush, and fetches her wind so short as if shee were fraid with a spirite. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xxxi. 19 And he fetcheth not his wind short vpon his bed [margin. Or, and lieth not puffing and blowing] . View more context for this quotation
1865 Field 4 Mar. 151/2 Which seemed to knock all the wind out of him.
1918 H. Lauder Minstrel in France xv. 174 I had precious little wind left to breathe with.
b. Breath as used in speaking; hence transferred speech, talk (esp. in such phrases as to waste one's wind). Obsolete or archaic (except as implied in long-winded adj. 2a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun]
speechc725
spellc888
tonguec897
spellingc1000
wordOE
mathelingOE
redec1275
sermonc1275
leeda1300
gale13..
speakc1300
speaking1303
ledenc1320
talea1325
parliamentc1325
winda1330
sermoningc1330
saying1340
melinga1375
talkingc1386
wordc1390
prolationa1393
carpinga1400
eloquencec1400
utteringc1400
language?c1450
reporturec1475
parleyc1490
locutionc1500
talk1539
discourse1545
report1548
tonguec1550
deliverance1553
oration1555
delivery1577
parling1582
parle1584
conveying1586
passage1598
perlocution1599
wording1604
bursta1616
ventilation1615
loquency1623
voicinga1626
verbocination1653
loquence1677
pronunciation1686
loquel1694
jawinga1731
talkee-talkee?1740
vocification1743
talkation1781
voicing1822
utterancy1827
voicing1831
the spoken word1832
outness1851
verbalization1851
voice1855
outgiving1865
stringing1886
praxis1950
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > breath > as used in speaking
winda1330
a1330 Otuel 216 Þat wind þou hauest i-lore.
c1430 Hymns Virgin (1867) 97 Do way, mercy, þou spillist myche winde.
c1460 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 795 Ye noye me sore, in wastyng all þis wynde.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell sig. C Let vs wast no wynde For ydle iangelers haue but lytill braine.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9788 All þaire wordis þai wast, & þaire wynd alse.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 65 For his death no wind of blame shall breathe. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. ii. 53 Stop in your winde sir, tell me this I pray. View more context for this quotation
1616 W. Clerk Withals's Dict. Eng. & Lat. 573 Os opprime, keepe your wind to coole your pottage.
1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace 216 The Earl Buchan, tender but, and Young He did obtain for the wind of his Tongue.
c. Breathing as a vital process; hence transferred life: = breath n. 4. So to slip one's wind, to die. Obsolete except in low slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun]
orthOE
breatha1300
spiritc1350
aspirement1393
breathinga1398
suspiry1398
spirtc1415
respiration?a1425
respiring?a1425
windc1450
soufflement1483
anding1487
spiring1533
spiration1568
suspiration1604
aspiration1608
expiration1638
eupnœa1706
flation1708
rebreathing1877
ventilation1891
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 226 My wynde is stoppyd, gon is my brethe.
c1530 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols, & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 92 Now deth is vnkynd; For he seyth: ‘Man! stop thy wynde’.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 8 The Scythians..swore by winde and sword, that is, by life and death.
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 225 Wind, a man transported for his natural life, is said to be lag'd for his wind.
1860 Slang Dict. (ed. 2) 247 To slip one's wind, coarse expression meaning to die.
1883 Gringo & Greaser 1 Sept. 2/2 He had entirely slipped his wind—for want of which he was buried the 11th ult.
1896 H. Lawson While Billy Boils 233 He laid the longest strip [of bark] by the side of the corpse... ‘Come on, Brummy..yer ain't as bad as yer might be, considerin' as it must be three good months since yer slipped yer wind. I spect it was the rum as preserved yer’.
d.
(a) Easy or regular breathing; power or capacity of breathing; condition with regard to respiration: = breath n. 4b. Now only in sporting phrases. second wind, a condition of regular breathing regained after breathlessness during long-continued exertion; also transferred and figurative. wind and limb, limb and wind: see limb and wind at limb n.1 2d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > power of
windc1330
breatha1450
breathing1580
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > power of > second wind
second wind1824
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > regained energy
second wind1907
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8456 What for sorwe & eke for paine, Sche les winde & ek alaine.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9226 Þer whiles Merlin..Dede his out wende, to take þe winde.
c1440 York Myst. xxxv. 204 Þis bargayne will noght bee, For certis me wantis wynde.
c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine ii. 1465 She was lyfted vp and comforted newe a-gayn. And at the laste, whan she had caute wynde, ‘Allas,’ she seyde.
?1529–30 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 27 My brethe and wynde by sything was so short that [etc.].
1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Apr. 50 Gloss. He was almost out of wind [other edd. winds].
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. ii. 14 If I trauell but foure foote by the squire further a foote, I shall breake my winde . View more context for this quotation
1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher ii. sig. B4v I neuer was more sound of winde and limbe.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iii. 8 By the many stops and stayes which are made therein, the horse recouers his winde.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 7 Blow till thou burst thy winde . View more context for this quotation
1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 39 Reformation of Religion has come..in such post-haste, that it hath broke its owne winde.
1686 T. Jevon Devil of a Wife i. 6 Ay and he holds out the Note of one Verse till the Clark begins to sing the next, he has a pure Wind.
1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 252 His round Cat Foot, strait Hams, and wide-spread Thighs, And his low-dropping Chest, confess his Speed, His Strength, his Wind.
1812 Sporting Mag. 39 18 After sparring for wind in which the Black was deficient.
1824 Sporting Mag. 14 166/2 Langan shewed a faint glimpse of second wind, and came up boldly.
1830 T. Hood Epping Hunt (ed. 2) (advt.) I am much gratified to learn from you, that the Epping Hunt has had such a run, that it is quite exhausted, and that you intend therefore to give the work what may be called ‘second wind’, by a new impression.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxii. 210 You had better get your wind now, and change your clothes.
1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 19 Schoolboys are generally in prime wind.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 118 Three-quarters of an hour are gone; first winds are failing, and weight and numbers beginning to tell.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. v. 324 Tom..hits two heavy body blows, and gets away again before the Slogger can catch his wind.
1893 R. Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 147 A bull..if allowed to get its ‘second wind’..will go on almost for ever.
1907 W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) x. 229 Everybody knows what it is to ‘warm up’ to his job. The process of warming up gets particularly striking in the pnenomenon known as ‘second wind’.
1948 ‘J. Tey’ Franchise Affair i. 15 Perhaps it was the presence of an ally that had heartened her; or perhaps she had just got her second wind.
1963 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 21 Dec. (1970) 18 I believe I am about to catch my second wind.
(b) in reference to diseased or disordered breathing in horses: see broken wind n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > respiratory disorders
wind?1523
pursick1566
pursickness1610
roaring1813
heaves1828
broken wind1831
thick wind1831
whistling1856
?1523 [implied in: J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxiiv Broken wynded is an yll dysease: and cometh of ronnynge or ryding ouer moche..and woll nat be mended. (at broken-winded adj. 1)].
1574 [implied in: J. Baret Aluearie F 614 To mooue the flanks like a broken winded horse. (at broken-winded adj. 1)].
1607 [implied in: T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe v. sig. H2 I shall cough like a broken winded horse. (at broken-winded adj. 1)].
1616 J. Taylor Vrania xlix. C 2 When hee's [i.e. the horse is] broken in his winde.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. i. 14 Loose from the rapid Car your aged Horse, Lest in the Race..He drag his jaded Limbs, and burst his Wind.
1748 [implied in: tr. Vegetius Of Distempers Horses 176 They are pursive or broken-winded. (at broken-winded adj. 1)].
1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain (1789) I. 18 A very handsome English coach-horse (a little touched in the wind).
1846 [implied in: R. E. Egerton-Warburton Earth Stopper in Hunting Songs (new ed.) 124 Thy worn hackney, blind and broken winded. (at broken-winded adj. 1)].
1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 13 §3 On the ground only of the stallion being affected in its wind.
e. transferred (Pugilistic slang). That part of the body in front of the stomach a blow upon which takes away the breath by checking the action of the diaphragm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [noun] > part in front of stomach
wind1823
1823 in H. D. Miles Pugilistica (1906) II. 206 Ward made play—whack on the head at both sides, then at the wind.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxvi. 263 Judy..pokes him..particularly in that part which the science of self-defence would call his wind.
1898 Daily News 24 Nov. 7/3 Sharkey came back with his right, delivering several smashes on Corbett's wind.
12.
a. Air as used for ‘blowing’ or sounding a musical instrument ( wind-instrument) such as a horn, trumpet, flute, etc., or an organ pipe: either (a) the blast or stream of air thus used, furnished by the breath of the player or by bellows; (b) the supply of air from which this is obtained, usually under compression (cf. 9), as in the wind-chest of an organ; or (c) the body of air within the instrument, whose vibration produces the sound.spec. in Hunting, A blast or series of blasts on a horn blown at one breath.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > music on specific instrument > [noun] > wind music > cadence or flourish on horn
blas?c1225
forloinc1369
windc1374
strakea1425
strakinga1425
rechasec1425
rechasingc1425
recopec1425
seekc1500
mort1555
recheat1575
gibbet1590
senneta1593
relief1602
horn-call1632
call1677
stroke1688
tantivy1785
tralira1801
tra-la-la1886
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > [noun] > wind blown into instrument
windc1374
breathc1450
the world > food and drink > hunting > signals > [noun] > signal on horn
forloinc1369
motec1400
strakea1425
rechasec1425
recopec1425
morta1500
seekc1500
death note1575
recheat1575
gibbet1590
wind1596
relief1602
call1677
stroke1688
gone away1827
rattle1889
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 443 Þer is noon Instrument Delicious þorugh wynd or touche or corde [etc.].
c1500 in Antiq. Rep. (1809) IV. 407 Immoderate wyndes in a Clarion causith it for to rage.
1596 W. Gryndall Hawking sig. Gjv When you goe into the field, blow with one wind one short, one long, and a longer.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 708 As in an Organ from one blast of wind To many a row of Pipes the sound-board breaths. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden Flower & Leaf in Fables 396 Their Instruments were various in their kind, Some for the Bow, and some for breathing Wind.
1788 W. Crowe Lewesdon Hill 27 Instruments of wind and string.
1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life i. iii. 21 The wind in the pipes of an organ.
1915 G. B. Shaw Androcles & Lion Prol. (stage direct.) Heaving a long sigh, like wind in a trombone, he goes to sleep.
b. transferred. The wind instruments of an orchestra (or their players) collectively, as distinguished from the ‘strings’ and ‘percussion’. Also plural, wind instruments.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > [noun] > collectively
waits1530
wind music1650
wind1876
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > company of instrumentalists > [noun] > orchestra > section of orchestra > specific
violino terzo1724
brass1876
wind1876
woodwind1876
strings1887
percussion1889
wood1901
timps1934
timpani1977
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 454/2 Wood wind, or Wood wind-band, the flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, and instruments of their nature, in an orchestra.
1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 561/2 An Orchestra consisting of thirty Stringed Instruments, with a full complement of Wind.
1904 Daily News 25 Feb. 8/5 The wind and percussion are prominent members of London orchestras.
1976 Early Music 4 293/1 The author seems not to differentiate sufficiently between ‘folk’ and ‘art’ instruments of the Middle Ages, and especially when he deals with winds.
1978 P. Griffiths Conc. Hist. Mod. Music vii. 102 His [sc. Berg's] atonal chamber concerto for piano, violin and thirteen winds..is full of triple formations.
13. A blast of air artificially produced, e.g. by bellows (see also 12); the rush of air caused by a rapidly moving body. Const. of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air > rush of air caused by moving body
wind1553
waft1650
waff1836
windage1889
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a blast or puff of air > artificially produced
buba1500
wind1553
blasta1618
air blast1825
1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 48v/2 The wynde of the belowes.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido ii. i He..whiskt his sword about, And with the wind thereof the King fell downe.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 476 With the whiffe and winde Of his fell sword, th'unnerued father falles.
1626 R. Peeke Three to One sig. B1v The last Shotte flying so close by Captaine Portar, that with the winde of the Bullet his very Hands had almost lost the Sence of feeling.
1804 Naval Chron. 12 247 He was knocked down by the wind of the shell.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms III. v. 75 The bullet went so close that the wind of it half turned him round.
14. The solar wind (see solar adj.), or a similar stream of particles emanating uniformly from any other star.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > star > star-matter > [noun] > radiation
wind1966
the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [noun] > solar radiation
outburst1859
noise storm1947
solar wind1958
solar plasma1962
wind1966
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) III. 500/2 Presumably the wind is stronger when solar activity is high, but direct observations cannot be made before the next maximum.
1968 Times 5 Dec. 8/7 The fascinating region of space where the earth's magnetic field interacts with the ‘wind’ of atomic particles streaming out from the sun.
1982 Sci. Amer. July 83/1 Most stars, including the sun, are known to be losing mass in the form of a stellar wind.
III. Figurative and allusive uses. (See also 1d, 3b, 4, 8a, 8b, 10b, and phrases in IV.)
15. Applied to something empty, vain, trifling, or unsubstantial.
a. Empty talk, vain or ineffectual speech, mere ‘breath’ (cf. 11b); †occasionally empty fame (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > empty, idle talk > [noun]
windc1290
trotevalea1300
follyc1300
jangle1340
jangleryc1374
tongue1382
fablec1384
clapa1420
babbling?c1430
clackc1440
pratinga1470
waste?a1475
clattera1500
trattle1513
babble?a1525
tattlea1529
tittle-tattlea1529
chatc1530
babblery1532
bibble-babble1532
slaverings1535
trittle-trattle1563
prate?1574
babblement1595
pribble-prabble1595
pribble1603
morologya1614
pibble-pabblea1616
sounda1616
spitter-spatter1619
argology1623
vaniloquence1623
vaniloquy1623
drivelling1637
jabberment1645
blateration1656
onology1670
whittie-whattiea1687
stultiloquence1721
claver1722
blether1786
havera1796
jaunder1796
havering1808
slaver1825
yatter1827
bugaboo1833
flapdoodle1834
bavardage1835
maunder1835
tattlement1837
slabber1840
gup1848
faddle1850
chatter1851
cock1851
drivel1852
maundering1853
drooling1854
windbaggery1859
blither1866
javer1869
mush1876
slobber1886
guff1888
squit1893
drool1900
macaroni1924
jive1928
natter1943
shtick1948
old talk1956
yack1958
yackety-yack1958
ole talk1964
Haigspeak1981
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 289 Word nis aȝein hire bote wind.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 240 It [sc. what you say] is but wynde, no þinge for to leue.
1413 26 Pol. Poems 52/50 For word of wynd lityl trespase; Non harm nys don, þouȝ word be spoken.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Cock & Jasp l. 159 in Poems (1981) 9 Of this mater to speik, I wair bot wind.
1564 T. Becon Wks. I. Pref. ☛ C iv When such as are yet weake in knowledge of Christ..see nothyng in the Preachers but wynde & words.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 282 Nor think thou with wind Of airie threats to aw whom yet with deeds Thou canst not. View more context for this quotation
c1798 S. T. Coleridge Three Graves ii, in Poet. Wks. (1893) 88/1 A curse is wind.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. ix. 199 Hard words, or kind ones..are but wind.
b. Vain imagination or conceit (with which one is ‘puffed up’: cf. 9); also wind in the head (with allusion to 10).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun]
opinionc1425
wind1484
vokea1508
conceit1567
self-weening1570
cockishness1573
weening1575
self-conceit1576
self-opinion1593
conceitedness1595
self-conceitednessa1602
self-opinionatedness1668
self-opinionativeness1743
egotism1800
swell-head1845
big-head1850
big-headedness1850
self-opinionedness1879
swollen head1898
swelled-headedness1907
ikeyness1911
1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vii. 109 A knyght that..byleueth in deuynaylles..hath gretter fayth & hope in the wynde of his hede..& the deuynours than in god.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. HHv Pride..bloweth and fylleth a man or woman full of wynde and vayne glorie.
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iv. 198 When Mutianus had filled with these windes of hope and desire his empty vainglorious minde.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 311 Many..puffe up their owne conceits with nothing els but winde.
1634 Noble Souldier iii. i. E 1 Fellowes which swell bigge with the wind of praise.
1779 J. Brown in R. Mackenzie Life (1918) 146 I hope the Lord has let some of the wind out of you, that I thought was in you when first I knew you.
1918 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 765/1 He has probably got wind in the head through living in that gorgeous Gothic pagoda.
c. gen.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > insubstantial
triflec1290
vainc1330
winda1382
vapour1382
gossamer?a1400
visevase1481
good morrow1542
cobweb1579
superficial1579
puff1583
bladder1589
blathery1591
froth1594
bag of winda1599
moth1600
nominala1625
tumour1630
windlestraw1637
vacuity1648
balloon1656
blank1678
breath bubble1835
nominality1842
fluff1906
cotton candy1931
the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance
breathc1275
winda1382
vapour1382
cloudc1384
gossamer?a1400
webc1400
comedown1583
bubble1598
anatomy1605
carcass1612
intentional1658
blank1678
ethereality1819
breath bubble1835
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job vii. 7 Haue mynde, for wind is my lif [ Coverdale, my life is but a wynde].
1539 Bible (Great) Isa. xxvi. 18 Wee haue bene wt chylde,..as though we had brought forth winde.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Hosea xii. 1 Ephraim is fed with the winde.
1687 P. Ayres Lyric Poems (1906) 306 Plough water, sow on rocks, and reap the wind.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 139 Then all his Frauds will vanish into Wind . View more context for this quotation
1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus xxi But, in the mean time, we are disputing about wind.
1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets v. 25 Is Society become wholly a bag of wind, then, ballasted by guineas?
16.
a. In various proverbial and other expressions, figuring or denoting a force, agency, or influence that drives or carries one (or something) along, or that strikes upon one (or something), or to which one (or something) is exposed. Also frequently in formula wind(s) of… Cf. sense 1c below.Esp. in phrases (with variations: see quots.) what wind blows you here?; †all this wind shakes no corn (obsolete); it's an ill wind that blows nobody good (originally †to good: cf. 3). to raise the wind: see raise v.1 Phrases 11; to sow the wind and reap the whirlwind: see to sow the wind and reap the whirlwind at whirlwind n. 2.
(a) in neutral or favourable sense.
ΚΠ
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1104 What maner wyndes gydeth yow now here?
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. x. sig. Ciiiv What wind blowth ye hyther?
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div To take wynde and tyde with me, and spede therby.
1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1595) 996 (Antonius) To tell him what wind brought him thither.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. iii. 113.
1639 J. Mayne Citye Match i. iii All this is possible, And in the starres and windes.
1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxvii. 309 When we have the Wind and Tyde of these pleasures to help us forward.
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. vii. 122 A good wind of laughter had relieved him of much of the blight of self-deception, and oddness, and extravagance.
1877 E. Dowden Shakspere (Macmillan Lit. Primers) v. 54 Shakspere is not yet caught up in the passionate wind of his own imagination.
(b) in unfavourable sense. Also figurative ( wind of doctrine: in allusion to Eph. iv. 14).
ΚΠ
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlii. 306 Ne læte ge eow ælcre lare wind awecggan. [Eph. iv. 14.]
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26995 Quat es mans lijf bot..a rek þat..skailles wit a windes blast?
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xix. 32 The worlde is a wykkede wynde to hem þat wolde treuthe.
c1450 Cast. Persev. 2542 It is good, whon-so þe wynde blowe, A man to haue sum-what of his owe.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. iv. 14 Waverynge and caryed with every wynde of doctryne.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div Al this wynd shakes no corne.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. L An yll wynde, that blowth no man to good, men saie.
1568 R. Henryson in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 165 This wikkit wind of adulatioun.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 13v It is an ill winde turnes none to good.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B All this wind shakes none of my Corne.
1633 G. Herbert Affliction in Temple (1st) Thus thinne and lean without a fence or friend, I was blown through with ev'ry storm and winde.
c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) To Children 1 They..may lett loose the winds of passion to bring in a flood of sorrow.
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour ii. i. 9 'Tis an ill Wind that blows no body good.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 176 God tempers the wind, said Maria, to the shorn lamb.
1776 D. Hume My own Life in Hist. Eng. (1778) I. p. xiii This variety of winds and seasons to which my writings had been exposed.
1815 W. Wordsworth Poems II. 162 Wreaths that endure affliction's heaviest shower, And do not shrink from sorrow's keenest wind.
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 184 'Twas this wind of pride that took thee of yore full sail upon these rocks.
1907 W. Raleigh Shakespeare iv. 108 If once we are foolishly persuaded to go behind the authority of Heminge and Condell..we..are afloat upon a wild and violent sea, subject to every wind of doctrine.
1913 G. Santayana Winds of Doctrine ii. 25 Prevalent winds of doctrine must needs penetrate at last into the cloister.
1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism iii. 179 With such a wind of doctrine in their sails men were not far from the days of complete freedom of contract.
1953 H. Weisinger Tragedy & Paradox of Fortunate Fall vi. 267 The winds of new doctrine swept through the streets of Athens and London and left the old and conventional modes of religious thought bare.
1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders vii. 158 The winds of want still blew about the world.
1962 Listener 26 Apr. 717/1 Ideas..become ossified if they are not exposed to the wind of criticism.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 10/5 To protect their own lives and those of their children, they will bend with the winds of war.
b. In expressions referring to a tendency, turn, or condition of affairs: e.g. to know which way the wind blows; the wind has changed; †is the wind in that corner or door? (see corner n.1 8, door n. 5b); to sail with every (shift of) wind, to turn every change of circumstance to one's advantage; †to have the wind at will, to have circumstances or conditions favourable for one's purpose.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [phrase] > know how things are going
to know which way the wind blows1546
the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial [verb (intransitive)] > be advantageous or favourable > have favourable circumstances
to have the wind at will1560
the world > time > change > change [phrase]
tempora mutantur1577
the wind has changed1615
here today and gone tomorrow1687
plus ça change1893
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > be inconstant [verb (intransitive)] > temporize or trim
to serve the time (also times)?1544
temporize1555
to turn the cat in the pan1622
trim1687
to sail with every (shift of) wind1710
to play (also work) both sides of the street1909
c1400 Gamelyn 703 To telle him tydynges how the wind was went.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxxv ‘What ! neuewe, is the wynde in that dore’?
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. Kiv I..knew, whiche waie the wynde blew.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxxiiijv The Byshoppes of Germany hauynge the wynde at wyll, restore the same.
1562 J. Bullingham Let. 26 Apr. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1541/1 Wel Palmer (sayd I) is the wind in that corner with you? I warrant you it wyl blow you to litle ease at thend.
1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome sig. B4 Is the winde at that dore with you brother deane.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 88 Is the winde in that doore ifaith, must we all march? View more context for this quotation
1615 J. Swetnam Araignm. Lewde, Idle, Froward, & Vnconstant Women To Rdr. sig. A 3 You may perceiue the winde is changed into another dore.
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 68 Is the wind in that door? here's like to be fine doings.
1672 W. Walker Paroemiologia Anglo-Lat. 9 To have the wind with one.
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love iv. i. 65 The Wind's chang'd?
1710 R. G. Sacheverell's Def. 7 We see the Dissenters can Sail with every Wind.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor xi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 279 ‘Have I heard!!!’ said Caleb (who now found how the wind set).
1859 F. W. Farrar Julian Home iv. 37 Miss Sprong.., seeing how the wind lay, had tried to drop little malicious hints against the favourite nephew.
1914 T. Dreiser Titan xiii. 103 I know all about this. I've seen which way the wind is blowing.
1929 ‘E. Queen’ Roman Hat Myst. xxii. 301 Ellery got his first indication of which way the wind blew during the meeting at the Ives-Pope house.
1957 N. Mitford Voltaire in Love x. 115 Thieriot..seeing..that the wind was now blowing in Voltaire's direction, consented..to give the required evidence.
1976 Ld. Home (title) The way the wind blows.
c. spec. in wind (also winds) of change.Harold Macmillan (Lord Stockton) delivered his celebrated ‘wind of change’ address to the South African parliament in Cape Town on 3 February 1960 (see quot.). Our records show a marked increase in the frequency of the phrase after this date.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [noun] > cause of transformation
forschuppild?c1225
converter1533
transformer1601
plantator1616
transformator1617
transmogrifier1676
new broom1799
transformist1799
denaturalizer1832
catalyser1904
wind (also winds) of change1905
catalyst1943
touchpaper1968
1905 S. Naidu Golden Threshold 97 The wind of change for ever blows Across the tumult of our way.
1927 D. H. Lawrence Mornings in Mexico 154 The place of after~life and before-life, where house the winds of change.
1932 J. Clapham Econ. Hist. Mod. Britain II. iii. 107 The [gas] companies or municipal works with their comfortable monopoly areas..began to find a little wind of change blowing among their retorts and coke heaps.
1954 J. Masters Bhowani Junction xxxix. 345 Then the great changes swept across India and the world, and she had searched, not by deliberate plan but because the wind of change blew through her too, for ways of escape.
1960 H. Macmillan in Times 4 Feb. 15/3 The wind of change is blowing through the continent.
1960 Economist 15 Oct. 275/2 This is but one way in which the mining complex of De Beers, Anglo American and Rhodesian Anglo American is adapting itself to the winds of change in Africa.
1965 D. Francis Odds Against vi. 86 ‘Is this your own show..or whose?’ ‘I suppose—mine.’ ‘Uh-huh... The wind of change, if I read it right?’
1971 Nature 26 Nov. 179/1 The universities are also likely to feel some eddies from the winds of change that are swirling around the White House.
1976 ‘J. Charlton’ Remington Set xiv. 69 The winds of change are beginning to blow..and your purpose in life isn't quite as defensible..as it used to be.
17.
a. to get or take wind: to be revealed or divulged, become known, transpire. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > be disclosed or revealed
to come to (also in, on) (the) lightOE
sutelea1000
kitheOE
unfoldc1350
disclosea1513
burst1542
to break up1584
to take vent1611
vent1622
bleed1645
emerge1664
to get (also have) vent1668
to get or take wind1668
to stand (appear) confessed1708
eclat1736
perspire1748
transpire1748
to come out1751
develop1805
unroll1807
spunk1808
effloresce1834
to come to the front1871
to show up1879
out1894
evolve1920
to come or crawl out of the woodwork1964
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all iv. 46 Keep this Wooing secret; if it takes the least wind, old Moody will be sure to hinder it.
1682 News from France 15 So the thing got wind, and was lookt on as a great impiety.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 30 Dec. (1948) II. 452 Masham's being a lord begins to take wind: nothing at Court can be kept a secret.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 90/2 It got wind, and a great many people asked me: I told them.
1808 W. Scott Let. 23 Dec. (1932) II. 141 Do you know the Review begins to get wind here?
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. vi. 401 Long before that time, the project had taken wind, and created a general sensation through the country.
1884 C. L. Pirkis Judith Wynne III. xi. 126 It's getting wind in the neighbourhood that the child is lost.
b. to get wind of: to receive information or a hint of, to come to know (cf. 4). Also with clause. Hence, in later use, wind = a hint or slight intimation (of). (Cf. French avoir le vent de, Cotgrave.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge of [verb (intransitive)] > get to know
attain1530
reach1582
to get wind of1809
society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > be informed of
hearc950
witc1000
haveOE
learnc1175
undergoc1290
takea1333
receivec1400
aherec1450
partakea1593
get1608
intelligence1637
to get wind of1809
to take away1839
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. vii. 89 The corregidor..got wind of our correspondence.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 43 If my old aunt gets wind of it, she'll cut me off with a shilling.
1866 Princess Alice Mem. (1884) 133 They retreated again, when they got wind that troops were assembling.
1885 Cent. Mag. 30 380/2 If that sweet little Rose were to get wind of it, I believe she'd faint.
1888 R. L. Stevenson Black Arrow iv. iv. 231 Some wind of the disaster seemed to find its way..even to the chamber where the ringers were leaping on their ropes.
1917 T. R. Glover From Pericles to Philip xii. 378 It may be that the Spartan government had some wind of this.
c. to sniff the wind: to try the atmosphere; to examine the prevailing state of affairs before taking action (cf. sense 4).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > be cautious or take care [verb (intransitive)] > act prudently
to cast (one's) pennyworths1530
to see (watch) which way the cat jumps1827
to screw one's head on tight1897
to play the percentages1951
to sniff the wind1972
1972 ‘R. Crawford’ Whip Hand i. v. 22 Schuyler sniffed the wind and took his time about it.
1974 ‘D. Kyle’ Raft of Swords viii. 78 ‘I have no reason... I just know.’ ‘You sniff the wind. Very sensible. What do you smell?’
1977 Time 22 Aug. 5/2 Certainly the Labor government and the nation's judiciary system are sniffing the wind.
IV. Phrases with prepositions. before the wind: see before prep. 2b.† 20. in wind (figurative from 11d) ready or fit for action of some kind. Obsolete.
18. by the (†a) wind (Nautical): as near as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing (see by prep. 9).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > (close) to the wind > as close as possible
by the (a) wind1585
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvii. 19 Hauing stroke our sayles, we did nothing but lie by the winde.
1589 J. Melville Celevsma Naut. in Spiritvall Propine 14 With cheerefull shout and merrie pleasand sund, She sail'd fast be the wunde.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 42 All your Sheats, Brases, and Tackes are trimmed by a winde.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3315/1 The best Sailer I ever met with by a Wind.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 247*.
1806 T. Moore Steersman's Song ii When by the wind close-hauled we go.
19. down (the) wind.† b. figurative. Towards decay or ruin; into or (commonly) in a depressed or unfortunate condition, in evil plight; to go down the wind, to ‘go down’, decline. Obsolete.
a. In the direction in which the wind is blowing; along the course of the wind. Also down-wind (attributive), situated in this direction, ‘lee’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind
leeward1627
windwarda1687
down (the) wind1895
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 266 I'de whistle her off, and let her downe the wind, To prey at fortune. View more context for this quotation
1618 N. Breton Court & Country A 4 For one that goes up the weather a number goe downe the winde.
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation i. 43 The Hare..will..run upon a side or down the wind.
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 333 Down the wind she swims, and sails away.
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 235 I have had a hundred trimmers floating down the wind.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxxii The Spaniard fell off again, and went away dead down wind.
1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 141 It is best to ‘give the dogs the wind’ at the beginning of the day—that is, to start down wind and gradually to work the ground in the direction from which it blows.
1895 C. J. Cornish Wild Eng. Today 184 We..found that..the birds had all run to the edge. Here we made the mistake of working the down-wind side first.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase] > at the or one's worst > from a prosperous or thriving condition
for (also to, into) the worseOE
out of God's blessing into the warm sun1546
down (the) wind1600
on (also, esp. in early use, upon) the go1682
to the bad1802
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. 867 When they saw him downe the wind and fortune to frowne upon him.
1671 tr. N. Machiavelli Marriage of Belphegor in tr. F. de Quevedo Novels 141 Though [he] was of one of the noblest Families.., yet he was look'd upon as down the winde [It. poverissimo].
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity ii. vi. 147 In the time of Constantine when Paganism began to go down the wind.
1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici Introd. p. lxvi The Gentile-Temples, with all their Pomp and Retinue, went down the wind apace.
1827 W. Scott Jrnl. 25 Apr. (1941) 45 The old Tory party is down the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > in preparation [phrase] > in a state of preparation or readiness > for action or work
to be in the saddle1581
ball, bullet in (en) bouche1582
bullet in mouth1692
in wind1768
on deck1867
1768 Earl of Carlisle in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1843) II. 356 The shops are all as fine as if they expected you, and the people belonging to them all in wind to answer your questions.
1777 E. Burke Let. to Sheriffs Bristol 53 In order to keep power in wind, it was necessary..to exert it in those very points in which it was most likely to be resisted.
21. in the wind.† e. to cast in the wind: to ‘fling to the winds’.
a. In (or into) the direction from which the wind is blowing; to windward: (a) in reference to something which can be scented or perceived by means of the wind blowing from where it is (cf. 4, and see also 21b below); (b) in nautical use; also all in the wind (see quot. 1769).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [adjective] > perceptible by scent
in the windc1425
olfactiblec1705
sniffable1975
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > with sails set [phrase] > sails parallel to direction of wind
all in the wind1769
c1425 [see sense 27].
1580 H. Smith in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 474 Wee had a ledge of rockes in the winde of vs.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxiv. 130 He cut and made his course into the Sea, to bring himselfe in the winde of those Sayles.
a1640 P. Massinger & J. Fletcher Very Woman iii. v. 56 in P. Massinger 3 New Playes (1655) O how she holds her nose up like a Jennet I' th' wind of a Grass-mare!
1692 J. Dryden All for Love (new ed.) Pref. sig. b3 The Tyrants were suspicious, as they had reason, that their Subjects had 'em in the wind.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3262/3 It blowing fresh, and they bringing their Ship in the Wind, carried away their Foretop-mast.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical i. 3 Like a heated Stallion that had a Mare in the Wind.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine All in the wind, the state of a ship's sails when they are parallel to the direction of the wind, so as to shake and shiver.
1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome iii. 175 I did not think..I was so much in drink! But now by th'holy smut I find That cursedly I'm in the wind.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xvi. 269 We threw up in the wind, and raked them.
b. figurative. So as to be ‘scented’ or perceived (or so as to ‘scent’ or perceive something); to have in the wind, to ‘scent’, to detect or discover the presence of; sometimes, to be on the scent or trail of, be in search of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)]
seekc888
aseekc1000
i-secheOE
huntc1175
to seek afterc1175
beseechc1200
fand?c1225
ofseche?c1225
to seek forc1250
atseekc1275
furiec1290
forseeka1300
outseekc1300
upseekc1315
to look after ——c1330
wait1340
laita1350
searchc1350
pursuea1382
ensearchc1384
to feel and findc1384
inseekc1384
looka1398
fraist?a1400
umseeka1400
require?c1400
walec1400
to look up1468
prowla1475
to see for ——c1485
to look for ——a1492
to have in the wind1540
sue1548
vent?1575
seek1616
explore1618
dacker1634
research1650
to see out for1683
quest1752
to see after ——1776
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > engaged in searching for [phrase]
in the wind1540
in search of1563
on (also upon) the look1716
the world > space > place > presence > present [phrase] > so that the presence of something is perceived
in the wind1540
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > detect > (as) by the wind
to have in the wind1540
wind1583
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Lj Where we can get any meate in the wynde, thyther wylle we resorte.
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 21 Of him and none but him who in valuation is woorth 18. huge Argosees..haue I took sent or come in the wind of.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vi. 115 I sent to her By this same Coxcombe that we haue i'th winde Tokens and Letters, which she did resend. View more context for this quotation
1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse i. 60 The Courtiers and Officers lye in the wind for them.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 16 The first was noted for having a seaman's eye, when a bailiff was in the wind.
1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. xiii. 200 The Mohicans hear an enemy!..They scent some danger in the wind!
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxv. 307 Mrs. Gamp..scenting no more rum in the wind (for the bottle was locked up again) rose to take her departure.
c. predicatively: Happening or ready to happen; astir, afoot, ‘up’; (of a person or thing) as the subject of what is going on, ‘in the business’: usually with implication of being suspected or indistinctly apprehended (cf. 21b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [phrase] > happening or ready to happen
in the windc1535
c1535 F. Bygod Treat. Impropriations D j A thynge there is in the wynde..which I trust in God wyl one day come to lyght.
a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Biijv There is sumwhat in the winde: His lookes bewrayes his inwarde troubled mynde.
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iii. ii. 32 Where are you, Gentlewoman? there's something in the wind I'm sure.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xliv. 304 She thought something was in the wind, when my brother came into my dining here so readily.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xiv. 287 There must be something in the wind—perhaps a war.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! iv There's a woman in the wind... I'll lay my life on it.
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed vi. 109 He'd have told us if there was a horse in the wind. It's a girl.
d. to hang in the wind: to remain in suspense or indecision.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)]
haltc825
flecchec1300
waverc1315
flickerc1325
wag1387
swervea1400
floghter1521
stacker1526
to be of (occasionally in) many (also divers) minds1530
wave1532
stagger1533
to hang in the wind1536
to waver as, like, with the wind1548
mammer1554
sway1563
dodge1568
erch1584
suspend1585
float1598
swag1608
hoverc1620
hesitate1623
vacillate1623
fluctuate1634
demur1641
balance1656
to be at shall I, shall I (not)1674
to stand shall I, shall I1674
to go shill-I shall-I1700
to stand at shilly-shally1700
to act, to keep (upon), the volanta1734
whiffle1737
dilly-dally1740
to be in (also of, occasionally on) two minds (also in twenty minds, in (also of) several minds, etc.)1751
oscillate1771
shilly-shally1782
dacker1817
librate1822
humdrum1825
swing1833
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1848
to back and fill1854
haver1866
wobble1867
shaffle1873
dicker1879
to be on the weigh-scales1886
waffle1894
to think twice1898
to teeter on the brink1902
dither1908
vagulate1918
pern1920
1536 T. Starkey Let. ?July in Eng. in Reign Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xxxix You schal fynd me..to be no sterter, wauerar, nor hengar in the wynd.
1555 J. Proctor Hist. Wyates Rebell. 42 b Such of those partes as honge in the wind, as neuters.
1640 J. D. Knave in Graine ii. i. sig. D2v Hang not ith' winde, (delay does torture).
1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan. I..hung in the wind a moment before asking leave to step down.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > utterly or energetically
to throw off?a1439
bandy1591
to cast in the wind1652
to fling, give, throw, etc. to the winds1667
to wipe one's hands of1785
to wipe one's lips of1851
1652 H. Bell tr. M. Luther Colloquia Mensalia iii. 66 Otherwise, wee had cast in the winde, and scorned to..consider of that which now wee have plainly expressed in the Scriptures.
1652 H. Bell tr. M. Luther Colloquia Mensalia xi. 178 It regarded them not, but casteth them in the winde.
f. Horse Riding. (See quot. 1805.)
ΚΠ
1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) (at cited word) A horse that carries in the wind, is one that tosses his nose as high as his ears, and does not carry handsomely.
g. Nautical slang (predicatively). Intoxicated; the worse for liquor: usually with qualification, esp. three sheets in the wind. (Cf. all in the wind at sense 21a(b).)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk
fordrunkenc897
drunkena1050
cup-shottenc1330
drunka1400
inebriate1497
overseenc1500
liquor1509
fou1535
nase?1536
full1554
intoxicate1554
tippled1564
intoxicated1576
pepst1577
overflown1579
whip-cat1582
pottical1586
cup-shota1593
fox-drunk1592
lion-drunk1592
nappy1592
sack-sopped1593
in drink1598
disguiseda1600
drink-drowned1600
daggeda1605
pot-shotten1604
tap-shackled1604
high1607
bumpsy1611
foxed1611
in one's cups1611
liquored1611
love-pot1611
pot-sick1611
whift1611
owl-eyed1613
fapa1616
hota1616
inebriated1615
reeling ripea1616
in one's (or the) pots1618
scratched1622
high-flown?1624
pot-shot1627
temulentive1628
ebrious1629
temulent1629
jug-bitten1630
pot-shaken1630
toxed1635
bene-bowsiea1637
swilled1637
paid1638
soaken1651
temulentious1652
flagonal1653
fuddled1656
cut1673
nazzy1673
concerned1678
whittled1694
suckey1699
well-oiled1701
tippeda1708
tow-row1709
wet1709
swash1711
strut1718
cocked1737
cockeyed1737
jagged1737
moon-eyed1737
rocky1737
soaked1737
soft1737
stewed1737
stiff1737
muckibus1756
groggy1770
muzzeda1788
muzzya1795
slewed1801
lumpy1810
lushy1811
pissed1812
blue1813
lush1819
malty1819
sprung1821
three sheets in the wind1821
obfuscated1822
moppy1823
ripe1823
mixed1825
queer1826
rosined1828
shot in the neck1830
tight1830
rummy1834
inebrious1837
mizzled1840
obflisticated1840
grogged1842
pickled1842
swizzled1843
hit under the wing1844
obfusticatedc1844
ebriate1847
pixilated1848
boozed1850
ploughed1853
squiffy?1855
buffy1858
elephant trunk1859
scammered1859
gassed1863
fly-blown1864
rotten1864
shot1864
ebriose1871
shicker1872
parlatic1877
miraculous1879
under the influence1879
ginned1881
shickered1883
boiled1886
mosy1887
to be loaded for bear(s)1888
squiffeda1890
loaded1890
oversparred1890
sozzled1892
tanked1893
orey-eyed1895
up the (also a) pole1897
woozy1897
toxic1899
polluted1900
lit-up1902
on (also upon) one's ear1903
pie-eyed1903
pifflicated1905
piped1906
spiflicated1906
jingled1908
skimished1908
tin hat1909
canned1910
pipped1911
lit1912
peloothered1914
molo1916
shick1916
zigzag1916
blotto1917
oiled-up1918
stung1919
stunned1919
bottled1922
potted1922
rotto1922
puggled1923
puggle1925
fried1926
crocked1927
fluthered1927
lubricated1927
whiffled1927
liquefied1928
steamed1929
mirackc1930
overshot1931
swacked1932
looped1934
stocious1937
whistled1938
sauced1939
mashed1942
plonked1943
stone1945
juiced1946
buzzed1952
jazzed1955
schnockered1955
honkers1957
skunked1958
bombed1959
zonked1959
bevvied1960
mokus1960
snockered1961
plotzed1962
over the limit1966
the worse for wear1966
wasted1968
wired1970
zoned1971
blasted1972
Brahms and Liszt?1972
funked up1976
trousered1977
motherless1980
tired and emotional1981
ratted1982
rat-arsed1984
wazzed1990
mullered1993
twatted1993
bollocksed1994
lashed1996
1821 Egan Real Life i. xviii. 385 Old Wax and Bristles is about three sheets in the wind.
1835 Court Mag. 6 197/2 The anger of those who were what is termed ‘a little in the wind’, was now roused.
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xlvii. 345 I'm not in the wind, at all events, for you see I'm perfectly sober.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xx. 201 He..seldom went up to the town without coming down ‘three sheets in the wind’.
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. xvii. 135 Snow père might be a thought tipsy—a sheet or so in the wind, as folks say.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island I. iv. xx. 161 Maybe you think we were all a sheet in the wind's eye.
22. into the wind: into or towards the direction from which the wind is blowing; so as to face the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
1918 Blackwood's Mag. Mar. 294/2 You [in an aeroplane] are tempted to turn into the wind and land.
23. near the wind: nearly in the direction from which the wind is blowing; hence figurative nearly up to the possible or permissible limit; about as far as is safe, justifiable, or decent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > within the limits of [phrase] > nearly up to the possible or permitted limit
near the wind1560
1560 W. Honnyng in Wright Q. Eliz. (1838) I. 44 I went so near the winde with the keper, that I told hym your Lordshippe knewe I wolde in reason respecte the game as fully as he.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew He'll go as near the Wind as another, live as thrifty and wary as any one.
1837 Wellington in Davey's Catal. (1895) 35 It is impossible for me to attempt to go too near the Wind.
1883 W. E. Norris Thirlby Hall viii With regard to Turf transactions again, he may sail very near the wind indeed, and be pardoned.
24. off the (†a) wind (Nautical): away from the wind; the opposite of on or near the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > before the wind
betwixt a pair of sheets1627
bunt fair1653
both sheets aft1769
off the (a) wind1813
1813 Examiner 4 Jan. 6/1 The enemy keeping two points off the wind.
1836 F. Marryat Pirate xiv, in Pirate & Three Cutters 161 The Enterprise was again steered more off the wind.
1846 H. Raikes Life Sir J. Brenton 332 The Spartan was off the wind.
1862 ‘Vanderdecken’ Yacht Sailor 144 Running off the wind with a quarterly sea will test your powers to the utmost.
25. on a (less commonly the) wind (Nautical): towards or close to the direction from which the wind is blowing; (of the ship) sailing or heading in this direction.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > (close) to the wind
on luff1535
at a luffa1568
at luff and liea1568
on a bowline1625
upon a winda1687
on a (less commonly the) wind1697
to the wind1795
luff a luff1887
1697 London Gaz. No. 3315/1 I crouded Sail to Leeward to him, trimming my Sails on a Wind tho' I went before it, that he should not discover my square Yards.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 342 The proas..sailing most excellently on a wind.
1798 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. cliv The Swiftsure and Alexander standing towards us with all sail on a wind.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast iv. 26 Clippers are fastest on the wind.
1897 F. T. Bullen Cruise ‘Cachalot’ 377 We, being ‘on the wind, close hauled’, were bound by the ‘rule of the road at sea’ to keep our course when meeting a ship running free.
26. to the wind.
a. Nautical. Towards the direction from which the wind is blowing; so as to be on the wind (see 25). close to the wind, very nearly in this direction: also figurative (see sail v.1 1c, and cf. 23).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > (close) to the wind
on luff1535
at a luffa1568
at luff and liea1568
on a bowline1625
upon a winda1687
on a (less commonly the) wind1697
to the wind1795
luff a luff1887
1795 Ld. Nelson 14 Mar. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 15 Signal for the Fleet to come to the wind on the larboard tack.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iii. 74 Gascoigne went to the helm, [and] brought the boat up to the wind.
b. to fling, give, throw, etc. to the winds (fig.): to cast away, reject utterly. So to go to the winds: to be cast away or aside, to vanish utterly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > utterly or energetically
to throw off?a1439
bandy1591
to cast in the wind1652
to fling, give, throw, etc. to the winds1667
to wipe one's hands of1785
to wipe one's lips of1851
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear
formeltc893
wendOE
witea1000
aworthc1000
fleec1200
fleetc1200
withdraw1297
vanish1303
voidc1374
unkithea1400
startc1405
disappearc1425
disparishc1425
to fall awayc1443
evanish?a1475
vade1495
sinka1500
vade1530
fly1535
fadea1538
melt?1567
dispear1600
relinquish1601
foist1603
dispersea1616
to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616
dissipate1626
retire1647
evaporate1713
merge1802
illude1820
to foam off1826
dislimn1833
furl1844
to step out1844
evanesce1855
shade1880
wisp1883
to go to the winds1884
walk1898
to do a disappearing act1913
to go west1916
to do (or take) a fade1949
to phase out1970
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 989 And fear of Death deliver to the Windes. View more context for this quotation
1739 J. Wesley tr. P. Gerhardt in J. Wesley & C. Wesley Hymns & Sacred Poems ii. 142 Give to the Winds thy Fears.
1801 E. Wright Marvellous Pleasant Love-story II. 319 The specious cant of subtilty and self-interest she always..‘gave to the winds’.
1884 ‘E. Lyall’ We Two I. iii. 61 Science went to the winds.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay ii. 36 You must throw your fears to the winds.
27. under the wind: on the side away from the wind; on one's lee, to leeward; spec. in a position of shelter from the wind; under the lee of something. Chiefly Nautical and dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > alongside [phrase] > on the side facing or away from the wind
under the windc1425
to (the) windwardc1550
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [phrase] > sheltered from wind
under the windc1425
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) xxvi. 83 If þei may se hym and þei be in þe wynde þei ought to wiþdrawe hym in þe softest maner..and þan go preuyli to þei be vndir þe wynde.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Sottouento, vnder the lee or winde.
1603 T. Lodge Treat. Plague iv. sig. C4 The healthfull ought to keepe themselues vnder, not ouer the winde.
1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 42 They kept their word, so that the Portugueses conveyed the vessel under the wind into a creek.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 131 Always pitch your boat under the wind.
1826 G. Samouelle Gen. Direct. collecting Exotic Insects & Crustacea 46 The most successful places for mothing are the skirts of woods under the wind.
1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 92 As he had come up under the wind, the dogs had not scented him.
28. up (the) wind: in the direction contrary to that in which the wind is blowing; against the wind: the opposite of down (the) wind at sense 19.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Prendre le vent, to goe vp, or against, the wind.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 77 The Hunts-man [should]..then draw round apace, first down the Wind, though usually Deer go up the Wind.
1709 Brit. Apollo 16–21 Sept. Rabits when they go a grazing in the Night go up the Wind.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 269 The Fox has broke Covert..she runs up the Wind.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 45 I gaed a mile round to get up the wind to them.
1838 W. Scrope Art Deer-stalking 17 Deer..always run up wind.
1859 Sporting Mag. Jan. 5 Passing over the earths, he came away directly, with his head up wind.
1874 Kennel Club Cal. & Stud Bk. 1 128 Rake and Romp went off merrily, but flushed some birds up wind.
29. upon a wind (Nautical): = 25.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > (close) to the wind
on luff1535
at a luffa1568
at luff and liea1568
on a bowline1625
upon a winda1687
on a (less commonly the) wind1697
to the wind1795
luff a luff1887
a1687 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. ii, in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions (1691) 121 The line unto which she stoops upon a Wind of either side.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4422/7 They clapp'd again upon a Wind and left us.
1810 W. Scott Let. 18 Mar. (1932) II. 313 I would..endeavour to go as the sailors express it upon a wind i.e. make use of it to carry me my own way.
1846 H. Raikes Life Sir J. Brenton 328 Every ship..made all the sail she could carry upon a wind.
30. with the wind: in the direction in which the wind is blowing. Now esp. in figurative phr. gone with the wind: gone completely (as if blown away by the wind), disappeared without trace.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > [adverb] > vanishingly > vanished
awayOE
gone with the wind1896
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 41v In reapyng, you must regarde to goe with the wynde.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 136 He betaketh himselfe to his heeles againe, running still with the wind.
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. ii. 48 A gallant Stag..Came running with the winde.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 353 We went spooning away large with the Wind, for one of the Islands.
1896 E. Dowson Verses 17 I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind.
1918 J. Galsworthy First & Last ix, in Five Tales 61 A man, when he drowns, remembers his past. Like the lost poet he had ‘gone with the wind’. Now it was for him to be true in his fashion.
1936 M. Mitchell (title) Gone with the wind.
1948 W. S. Churchill Gathering Storm xix. 271 The services of thirty-five Czech divisions..[were] cast away,..all gone with the wind.
Compounds
C1. Obvious combinations.
a. General attributive.
(a) Of, pertaining to, consisting of, produced or effected by (the) wind.
wind-action n.
ΚΠ
1883 Science 2 142/2 This in combination with the wind-action..has added nearly one hundred square miles of low~land.
wind-blast n.
ΚΠ
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 A great hurly burlye the wyndblasts.
1902 F. Thompson Cecil Rhodes 82 Like to a smouldering fire by wind-blasts swirled.
wind-current n.
ΚΠ
1866 A. Steinmetz Weathercasts 53 Two constant principal wind-currents—North-east and South-west.
wind-dispersal n.
ΚΠ
1911 J. A. Thomson Biol. Seasons iii. 277 Any structural peculiarity that increases area without increasing weight will aid in wind-dispersal.
wind effect n.
ΚΠ
1937 D. C. T. Bennett Compl. Air Navigator v. 154 The difference of the air position so obtained in relation to the ground position (i.e. the departure point) is the wind effect for the total time.
1941 B. Hellström in Ingeniörsvetenskapsakad. Handl. No. 158. 8 A denivellation of the water surface takes place, by which the level of the lake is lowered at the windward and raised at the leeward shore. This denivellation is called the Wind Effect.
wind-erosion n.
ΚΠ
1901 Athenæum 7 Dec. 778/2 The study of wind-erosion of snow.
wind-force n.
ΚΠ
1935 Geogr. Jrnl. 86 533 The most remarkable feature was the great variation in wind-force and direction.
1976 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 Nov. 7/2 The seas began to look greyer—but we hadn't had anything more than windforce seven—so far.
wind-gust n.
ΚΠ
1820 J. Clare Crazy Nell in Poems x A wind-gust blew high.
wind-movement n.
ΚΠ
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxxv. 319 The apparent wind-movements of our exhibitions [of aurora] in Lancaster Sound.
1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Apr. 155 The average monthly wind movement at Denver is two thousand miles less than at New York.
wind-pressure n.
ΚΠ
1892 Chambers's Encycl. X. 677/2 The British Association Committee on Wind-pressure have reported cases of 80 and 90 lb. to the square foot.
wind-puff n.
ΚΠ
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 85 Foorth with her heat fading, her liefe too windpuf auoyded.
1881 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 89 A windpuff-bonnet of fáwn-fróth Turns and twindles.
wind resistance n.
ΚΠ
1934 Discovery Dec. 344/2 At a high speed, wind resistance becomes an important factor.
wind-rush n.
ΚΠ
a1945 E. R. Eddison Mezentian Gate (1958) xxxix. 218 Their pure eyes..turned..to that thunder-laced wind-rush of darkness which is the heat and unpicturable secret centre of light's and beauty's self.
1976 ‘A. Hall’ Kobra Manifesto xv. 201 The faint scream of the windrush [under an aeroplane at take-off] in the roaring background.
wind-shift n.
ΚΠ
1914 J. Masefield Philip the King 53 A sudden windshift snatched us from our graves And drove us north.
1963 Times 30 May 14/7 A windshift..brought the nauseating smell of the penguin rookery straight over the camp.
wind-side n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > side facing wind or weather
wind-sidec1400
wind-hand1647
weather side1816
c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 40 Suþ went to þe walle on þe wynde syde, & alle abrod on þe burwe blewen þe powder.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxviii. 547 Some content themselves to perfume Vines onely with the smoke of this composition, so as it bee done on the wind-side, that it may carie the fume directly to them.
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Blight To provide large Heaps of Weeds, Chaff, and other combustible Matter on the Wind-side of their Orchards.
wind-song n.
ΚΠ
1946 J. W. Day Harvest Adventure vi. 83 Rigging drummed and whistled a raw wind-song.
wind-speed n.
ΚΠ
1934 Discovery June 150/2 High wind-speeds in relation to aircraft.
1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants x. 323 Turbulence falls off rapidly down through a canopy but is a function of wind speed, even deep in a corn crop.
wind-storm n.
ΚΠ
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvii. cxvii Þe vine..wiþstondeþ bi helpe þerof winde stormes.
1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads (1884) xxxiv. 263 In a country as open as the sea, wind-storms are frequent and heavy.
wind-streak n.
ΚΠ
1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xxvii. 127 Twig where but wind-streak had been.
1973 C. Sagan Cosmic Connection (1975) viii. 62 The Mariner 9 photography of the Martian volcanoes, windstreaks, moons, and polar icecaps.
wind-torrent n.
ΚΠ
1929 E. Blunden Near & Far 57 Dim stars like snowflakes are fluttering in heaven, Down the cloud-mountains by wind-torrents riven.
wind-walk n.
ΚΠ
1877 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 70 Summer ends now; now, barbarous in beauty, the stooks rise Around; up above, what wind-walks!
wind-wave n.
ΚΠ
1900 G. K. Chesterton Wild Knight 7 Meadows where the wind-waves pass.
1946 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery vi. 51 The waves of the sea are primarily wind-waves.
1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans viii. 249 Most waves observed at sea are progressive wind waves..generated by the wind.
wind-well n.
ΚΠ
1936 D. Thomas Twenty-five Poems 23 Why east wind chills and south wind cools Shall not be known till windwell dries.
(b) Serving for the passage of wind.
wind-passage n.
ΚΠ
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 303 In the wind-passage of the fanners.
(c) For defence against the wind.
wind-guard n.
ΚΠ
1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. 12/1 The following designs in terra cotta chimney tops have proved themselves the most efficient wind guards introduced.
wind-shelter n.
ΚΠ
1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos viii. 30 With the road leading under the cliff, in the wind~shelter into Tuscany.
1968 G. Maxwell Raven seek thy Brother ix. 127 Windshelters..of stone or turf and furnished with artificial nesting sites, are usually colonized immediately [by eider ducks].
b.
wind-flaw n. see flaw n.2
ΚΠ
1913 J. Masefield Daffodil Fields 110 Flicking windflaws fill the air with brine.
1931 E. Linklater Juan in Amer. i. 15 A frown on that bland forehead was like the wind-flaw on a saucer of milk that some petulant child has blown across.
wind-power n. see power n.1 15.
ΚΠ
1903 Daily Chron. 14 Jan. 5/2 Wind-power, water-power, and solar-power are running to waste.
wind-supply n. see sense 12.
ΚΠ
1879 Organ Voicing 6 If the holes in the upper-board..pinch the wind-supply.
c. Objective.
(a)
wind-gatherer n.
ΚΠ
1621 T. Granger Familiar Expos. Eccles. vi. 16. 130 The wind-gatherer feeleth the winde, but graspeth naught.
wind-seller n.
(b) † wind-wasting adj. Obsolete
wind-cheating n.
ΚΠ
1963 A. Bird & F. Hutton-Stott Veteran Motor Car Pocketbk. 246 Both had their engines placed..very low down so as to allow the use of flat wind-cheating bodies.
1977 Lancashire Life Jan. 81/1 Because of their wind cheating shape and fairly high overall gearing, the Citroen CXs are very economical on long motorway journeys.
wind-making n.
wind-spilling n. see spill v. 13b.
ΚΠ
1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus his After-witte sig. D3v Idle words,..wind-wasting arbitrators.
(c)
wind-obeying adj.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 63 The alwaies winde-obeying deepe. View more context for this quotation
wind-outspeeding adj.
ΚΠ
a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury xciv, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 326 Their wind-outspeeding wings.
wind-raising adj. see raise v.1 Phrases 11a.
ΚΠ
1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. v. 45 The wind-raising conspiracies, in which he engages with heroes as unfortunate as himself.
(d) indirect objective = to (the) wind.
wind-exposed adj. and adv.
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads iii. 323 Winde-exposed Ilion.
wind-like adj. and adv.
ΚΠ
1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle iv. sig. E1v I am not satisfied with wind-like promises Which only touch the lips.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iii. ii. 102 Behold the Nereids under the green sea, Their wavering limbs borne on the wind-like stream.
(e) = from or against (the) wind.
wind-screening adj.
ΚΠ
1923 R. Kipling Land & Sea Tales 214 She hovers On the summits of wind-screening seas.
d. instrumental, locative, etc.
(a) By, in, or with (the) wind.† wind-grown adj. Obsolete
wind-aided adj.
ΚΠ
1959 Times 12 Mar. 3/3 Langton kicked another long wind-aided penalty goal.
1978 Detroil Free Press 16 Apr. e 3/2 He won the 100-yard dash with a wind-aided performance of 9.5 seconds.
wind-beat adj.
ΚΠ
1877 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 66 Wind-beat whitebeam! airy abeles set on a flare!
wind-beaten adj.
ΚΠ
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 61 A windbeaten hard shrimp.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 188 The Casuall and Wind-beaten Discouerie..of a Spanish Pilot.
1800 T. Campbell Exile of Erin 4 To wander alone by the wind-beaten hill.
1900 W. B. Yeats Shadowy Waters 45 These waste waters and wind-beaten sails.
1973 Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 59/1 Inland, behind wind-beaten villages and red capes.
wind-bit adj.
ΚΠ
1892 R. Kipling Other Verses 161 In the heel of the wind-bit pier.
wind-bitten adj.
ΚΠ
1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox ii. 61 Blown Hilcote Copse, Wind-bitten beech.
1965 F. Sargeson Mem. Peon ix. 270 The trees..had redeemed a windbitten waste from its native barbarism.
wind-borne adj.
ΚΠ
1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 156 To northern lakes fly wind-borne ducks.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles xvi. 368 The brickearths may, however, have been not solely laid down in expanses of water but be in part wind-borne.
wind-broken adj.
ΚΠ
1914 J. Masefield Philip the King 44 They have died, Far from wind~broken Biscay, far from home.
wind-buffeted adj.
ΚΠ
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Richard Calmady v. i. 383 Heavily-cloaked figures tacking, wind-buffeted, across the grey-black street.
wind-built adj.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Cloud in Prometheus Unbound 199 When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent.
wind-chapped adj.
ΚΠ
1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia iii. 100 Aprills gentle show'rs are slidden downe To close the windchapt earth.
wind-chilled adj.
ΚΠ
1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 25 The autumn, wind-chilled sun~shine.
wind-clipped adj.
ΚΠ
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxviii The row of wind-clipt trees.
wind-curled adj.
ΚΠ
1952 L. MacNeice Ten Burnt Offerings 51 Wind~curled fountain, tigerish weir, garrulous rain.
wind-dappled adj.
ΚΠ
1883 R. Bridges Prometheus 37 Piloting over the wind-dappled blue Of the summer-soothed Æegean.
1920 J. Masefield Enslaved 109 The grey sea..cloud-coloured, flat, Wind-dappled from the glen.
wind-dispersed adj.
ΚΠ
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xiii. 278 The water of the kennels, wind-dispersed, flew about in drops like rain.
wind-driven adj.
ΚΠ
1882 W. D. Hay Brighter Britain! I. iii. 89 The sun shining on the wind-driven sand that covers them [sc. hilltops].
1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 102 The Strait of Dover may accept a wind-driven residual current averaging 3½ miles and occasionally reaching 20 miles per lunar day.
wind-fanned adj.
ΚΠ
a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) v. iii. 4 Pure As windefand Snow. View more context for this quotation
wind-fertilized adj.
ΚΠ
1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. i. 9 Wind-fertilised flowers produce much more pollen than those which are fertilised by insects.
wind-flawed adj.
ΚΠ
1971 G. M. Brown Fishermen with Ploughs 95 A huge wind-flawed mirror.
wind-flown adj.
ΚΠ
1938 C. Day Lewis Overtures to Death 30 The wind-flown tower.
wind-flushed adj.
ΚΠ
1938 C. Day Lewis Overtures to Death 55 To reproach you we rise Wind-flushed and early.
wind fluted adj.
ΚΠ
1943 C. Day Lewis Word over All 15 Wherein the shores Foam-fringed, wind~fluted of the strange earth dwell.
wind-formed adj.
ΚΠ
1911 F. O. Bower Plant-life on Land 124 The wind-formed dune takes a very definite crescentic shape styled a Barchan.
ΚΠ
1614 T. Gentleman Englands Way to win Wealth 41 In distresse of winde growne sea.
wind-hardened adj.
ΚΠ
1926 D. H. Lawrence Sun iv. 17 He was powerless against her rosy, wind-hardened nakedness.
wind-heeled adj.
ΚΠ
1939 D. Thomas Map of Love 20 Wind-heeled foot in the hole of a fireball.
wind-laced adj.
ΚΠ
1887 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 104 Curls Wag or crossbridle, in a wind lifted, windlaced—See his wind- lilylocks -laced.
wind-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1928 C. Day Lewis Country Comets 9 The unconscious dignity Of hills and wind-laden grass.
wind-laid adj.
ΚΠ
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. ix. 132/2 Both water- and wind-laid blacksand sediments formed.
wind-lifted adj.
ΚΠ
1924 ‘L. Malet’ Dogs of Want iv. 112 The soft green blur and flickering flames resolved themselves into gently wind~lifted leaves and distant sparkling water.
wind-loved adj.
ΚΠ
1936 W. H. Auden Look, Stranger! 11 Upon wind-loved Rowley.
wind-mastered adj.
ΚΠ
1945 P. Larkin North Ship 27 Two tall ships, wind-mastered, wet with light.
wind-milled adj.
ΚΠ
1947 D. Thomas In Country Sleep in Horizon Dec. 303 The dew falls on the wind-Milled dust of the apple tree.
wind-parted adj.
ΚΠ
1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander x, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 72 Like trees wind-parted, that embrace anon.
wind-perplexed adj.
ΚΠ
1864 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 128 His body sway'd upon tiptoes Like a wind-perplexèd rose.
wind-pollinated adj.
ΚΠ
1911 F. O. Bower Plant-life on Land 96 As for instance in the Rue (Thalictrum), which has become wind-pollinated.
1968 F. W. Gould Grass Systematics i. 7 Grasses..are wind-pollinated.
wind-powered adj.
ΚΠ
1976 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 124 732/1 It is very logical to feed wind-powered energy in the form of either electricity or direct heat directly into a buffer system and thence to direct use.
wind-puffed adj.
ΚΠ
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. L4 Those wind puft bladders.
1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte sig. F2 Wind-puft wrath.
wind-rent adj.
ΚΠ
1788 S. T. Coleridge Sonn. to Autumnal Moon 7 The wind-rent cloud.
wind-rinsed adj.
ΚΠ
1948 L. MacNeice Holes in Sky 20 Wind-rinsed plumage of oat-field.
wind-ripped adj.
ΚΠ
1960 S. Plath Colossus 33 The spindrift Ravelled wind-ripped from the crest of the wave.
wind-scarred adj.
ΚΠ
1939 S. Spender Still Centre 41 Beyond the wind-scarred hill.
wind-scattered adj.
ΚΠ
1832 Ld. Tennyson Dream Fair Women xiv, in Poems (new ed.) 125 White surf windscattered over sails and masts.
wind-scoured adj.
ΚΠ
1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 73 Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining.
1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin vi. 54 There was hardly a year when the winter ploughs did not turn up an old hunter of that wind-scoured plain.
wind-scourged adj.
ΚΠ
1898 J. G. Whittier M. Martin in Poet. Wks. 67/2 You wind-scourged sand-dunes, cold and bleak.
1924 ‘L. Malet’ Dogs of Want ii. 29 Bare, wind-scourged, rock~strewn slopes.
wind-shorn adj.
ΚΠ
1867 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. (1898) 280/2 Lonely and wind-shorn, wood-forsaken..Lieth the island of Manisees.
1933 W. de la Mare Lord Fish 61 Gnarled, wind-shorn trees.
1980 R. Mabey Common Ground ii. i. 70 At no more than 590 feet..above sea level some of its windshorn oaks are reduced to a metre or so in height.
wind-snatched adj.
ΚΠ
1925 C. Day Lewis Beechen Vigil 32 The wind-snatched rumour.
wind-sown adj.
ΚΠ
1902 W. Stevens Jrnl. 18 Aug. in Lett. (1967) 59 I lay under a group of dark cedars near that strange wind-sown cactus with its red blossom.
wind-spun adj.
ΚΠ
1922 E. Blunden Shepherd (ed. 2) 74 Windspun leaves burn silver-grey.
wind-stirred adj.
ΚΠ
1843 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. (1898) 388/1 And down again through wind-stirred trees He saw the quivering sunlight play.
wind-stormed adj.
ΚΠ
1946 R. Macaulay in E. Brontë Wuthering Heights p. vi The lonely, wind-stormed old farmhouse that stood on the heights above Haworth's grey streets.
wind-struck adj.
ΚΠ
1880 A. C. Swinburne Christmas Antiphon in Songs before Sunrise iii. 64 Though man's vain desire Hang faith's wind-struck lyre Out in tuneless air.
wind-stuffed adj.
ΚΠ
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) iii. 1 Now had the wind-stuffde sailes brought out the Fleet.
wind-sucked adj.
ΚΠ
1946 R. S. Thomas Stones of Field 26 The wind-sucked bone shows blue.
wind-swung adj.
ΚΠ
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xiv. 18 The groan of the wind-swung oak.
wind-thrashed adj.
ΚΠ
1933 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Smile & Tear ix. 98 A few miserable wind-thrashed ash-trees.
wind-torn adj.
ΚΠ
1910 R. Kipling Rewards & Fairies 244 The wind-torn breaker-tops.
1957 T. Gunn Sense of Movement 58 Not like the fighting boys and wind-torn rooks.
wind-tossed adj.
ΚΠ
1838 J. R. Lowell Class Poem 20 Flapping his raven pinions in the west, The thunder brooding o'er his wind-tost crest.
1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. 240 Lucilla..before the glass, arranging her wind-tossed hair.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 278 Over the wind-tossed waters.
wind-transported adj.
ΚΠ
1946 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past iii. 56 Minute grains of wind-transported pollen caught on the wet surface of the bog.
wind-turned adj.
ΚΠ
1935 D. Thomas in Life & Lett. To-day Dec. 75 Doom on deniers at the wind-turned statement.
1971 Country Life 8 July 84/1 The raw elements of Millet's compositions, granite walls, dirty-legged cattle,..wind-turned trees.
wind-washed adj.
ΚΠ
1912 C. Mackenzie Carnival xvi. 186 At such an hour..even Piccadilly Circus stands..wind-washed and noble.
1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox 92 The wind-washed steeple stood serene.
wind-waved adj.
ΚΠ
1809 R. Kerr Agric. Surv. Berwick 233 In years of peculiarly windy weather, the stem, where it enters the earth, is often blown about, in a whirling manner... This is provincially called wind-waved.
1928 E. Blunden Retreat 18 The wind-waved bough betrayed the wild sylph glancing.
wind-whipped adj.
ΚΠ
1873 B. Harte Episode of Fiddletown 28 There was a fierce unrest in the wind-whipped streets.
wind-worn adj.
ΚΠ
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III xxxii. 19 The ruined wall Stands when its wind-worn battlements are gone.
wind-wrinkled adj.
ΚΠ
1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 242 Suddenly she shoots to the surface and sports on the wind-wrinkled waves.
wind-writhen adj.
ΚΠ
1921 F. B. Young Black Diamond ix. 116 They crossed a zone of huge, wind-writhen hawthorns.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring ii. ix. 401 High ridges crowned with wind-writhen firs.
(b)
wind-flowing adj.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 134 The wind-flowing folds Of its white robe.
wind-wandering adj.
ΚΠ
a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas l, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 45 Some wind-wandering Fragment of inky thundersmoke.
(c) † wind-blazing adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1644 F. Quarles Shepheards Oracles (1646) v. 52 Wind-blazing Tapours hurry to and fro.
wind-waving n. and adj.
ΚΠ
c1300 Metr. Hom. (Small) 36 To se a wind waiuande rede.
1799 W. Nicol Pract. Planter i. 13 Wind-waving..by loosening the old, and..breaking the new fibres, contributes to stint the whole tree in growth.
1848 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad 406 The wind-waving fig-tree.
(d)
wind-winnow v.
ΚΠ
1710 D. Hilman Tusser Rediv. Sept. (1744) 116 A Cart Nave I suppose is to stand up upon when they Wind-winnow.
e. Similative and parasynthetic, in epithets (chiefly poetic) expressing swiftness.
wind-foot adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [adjective] > performed with or accompanied by running > swift of foot
lightOE
fiery-footed1565
fleet-foot1593
swift-foot1594
wind-foot1598
swift-footed1609
footed as (also like, with) the wind1612
fast-footed?1615
swift-heeled1634
fleet-footed1726
wind-footed1848
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades vii. 178 The wind-foote swift Thaumantia obayde.
wind-footed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [adjective] > performed with or accompanied by running > swift of foot
lightOE
fiery-footed1565
fleet-foot1593
swift-foot1594
wind-foot1598
swift-footed1609
footed as (also like, with) the wind1612
fast-footed?1615
swift-heeled1634
fleet-footed1726
wind-footed1848
1848 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad 272 Wind-footed, swift Iris.
wind-grey adj.
ΚΠ
c1944 A. Power From Old Waterford House xi. 95 I had seen it under so many moods, from wind-grey to sun~yellow.
wind-hard adj.
ΚΠ
1954 W. Faulkner Fable 184 Like the wind~hard banner of the old Norman earl.
wind-long adj.
ΚΠ
a1890 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 180 Or wind-long fleeces on the flock A day off shearing day.
wind-raw adj.
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 47 A bout her windraw face her hair trailed.
wind-smooth adj.
ΚΠ
1929 E. Sitwell Gold Coast Customs 38 Wind-smooth fruits.
wind-swift adj.
ΚΠ
c1280 Names of Hare in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 133 Þe wint swifft.
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iv. 8 Therefore hath the wind swift Cupid wings. View more context for this quotation
1883 R. Bridges Prometheus 26 Meteors..ever on their windswift course.
wind-wild adj.
ΚΠ
1936 C. Day Lewis Noah & Waters 50 Under the wind-wild sky.
wind-winged adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective]
swiftc888
swifta1050
currentc1300
quickc1300
hastivea1325
hastyc1330
ingnel1340
swiftyc1380
speedfula1387
fasta1400
swippingc1420
speedy1487
fleet1528
tite?a1540
scudding1545
flighty1552
suddenly1556
flight1581
feathered1587
Pegasean1590
wing-footed1591
swift-winged?1592
thought-swift-flying1595
wind-winged?1596
swallow-winged1597
Pegasarian1607
skelping1607
rapid1608
night-swifta1616
celerious1632
clipping1635
perniciousa1656
volatile1655
quick-foot1658
meteorous1667
windy1697
high-flying1710
fleet-footed1726
aliped1727
wickc1760
velocious1775
flight-performing1785
fast-going1800
fast-moving1802
meteor1803
wight-wapping1830
fleety1841
speeding1847
swiftening1848
two-forty1855
fire-swift1865
pennate1870
spinning1882
percursory1884
zippy1889
meteoric1895
pacy1906
presto1952
?1596 J. Dickenson Shepheardes Complaint sig. B 2 The wind-wing'd Naiads.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna ix. xxii. 204 O Spring, of..love, and youth, and gladness Wind-winged emblem.
C2. Special combinations.† wind-balk n. Obsolete (a) = wind-beam n.1 (see balk n.1 11); (b) = windrow n. (cf. balk n.1 II.).† wind-barge n. Obsolete a slab placed along the edge of a roof as a protection from the wind (cf. waterbarge n.1).† wind-bed n. Obsolete an air-bed.† wind-bladder n. Obsolete (a) an inflated bladder; (b) the air-bladder of a fish.† wind-breaking adj. Obsolete carminative.† wind-broach n. [compare broach n.1 12] Obsolete a name for a hurdy-gurdy.† wind-cane n. Obsolete = wind-gun n.† wind-catch n. Obsolete a squall of wind.† wind-discusser n. Obsolete = windbreaker n.† wind-dropsy n. Obsolete = tympanites n., tympany n. 1.† wind-fan n. Obsolete a winnowing-fan.† wind-fill v. Obsolete (transitive) to fill up gaps or cavities in (a wall, etc.) so as to keep the wind out (cf. filling n. 2a).† wind-flaucht adj. and adv. [flaught adv.] Scottish Obsolete sprawling, as if overthrown by the wind.† wind-glass n. Obsolete (see quot.).† wind-gout n. Obsolete gout supposed to be caused by ‘wind’ (see 10).† wind-hand n. Obsolete the side towards the wind.† wind-lap n. Obsolete the tongue or reed of a wind-instrument.† wind-loft n. Nautical Obsolete ? = wind-taut adj.† wind music n. Obsolete music played on wind instruments; also such instruments themselves, or a company of players on them (cf. music n. 5a, 3).† wind-musket n. Obsolete = wind-gun n. † wind-ræs n. [rese n.] Obsolete a storm of wind.† wind-rake n. Obsolete ? the raking up of windfalls, or the right to do this.† wind-rode adj. (also wind-road) Obsolete (see ride v. 15), adj., Nautical, swung by the wind, as a ship riding at anchor (opposed to tide-rode: see tide n. Compounds 2b); also as n., the position of a ship so riding.† wind-vent n. Obsolete = suspiral n. 2.† wind-work n. Obsolete (cf. sense 11) the process or function of respiration.
wind axis n. Aeronautics each of a set of rectangular coordinate axes having their origin in the aircraft and the x-axis in the opposite direction to the relative wind; usually plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > wind axis
wind axis1932
1932 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 36 194 Calculations..of a complete model rotated about the wind axis..give a fair approximation to the spinning characteristics of the aeroplane.
1984 F. J. Hale Introd. Aircraft Performance i. 4 The wind axes are not body axes; that is, they are not fixed to the aircraft other than at the cg. A change in the direction of flight can change x without changing the attitude of the aircraft.
wind-balanced adj. applied to rotary gun mountings on aircraft having a device which automatically compensates for the turning moment caused by air pressure on the guns.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > aircraft weapons or equipment > [adjective] > type of gun-mounting
wind-balanced1928
wind-balancing1928
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [adjective] > type of mounting in aircraft
wind-balanced1928
wind-balancing1928
1928 Daily Tel. 6 Mar. 6/3 Royalties not exceeding £7,500 to Messrs. Vickers, Ltd., for wind-balanced ring mountings.
wind-balancing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > aircraft weapons or equipment > [adjective] > type of gun-mounting
wind-balanced1928
wind-balancing1928
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [adjective] > type of mounting in aircraft
wind-balanced1928
wind-balancing1928
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xiii. 219 A wind-balancing gear was provided which relieved the observer of much fatigue at high altitudes.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam
pan1284
roof-tree1321
wiverc1325
sile1338
wind-beam1374
bindbalkc1425
trave1432
purlin1439
side-waver1451
wind-balk1532
roof beam1551
post1567
crock1570
spercil1570
collar-beam1659
camber1679
top-beam1679
camber-beam1721
jack rafter1736
hammer-beam1823
tie-beam1823
spar-piece1842
viga1844
collar1858
spanner1862
cruck1898
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > drying of crops in field > row raked for drying
gavelc1440
windrow?1523
wind-balk1532
javel1601
turning1795
roller1844
wallow1875
1532–3 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 173 Pro sarracione 1¾ rod in wyndbalks, stoys, pouynchys—4s. 8d.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Rouë Mettre le foin en rouë, viz. in wind-baulkes, or wind-rowes.
1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Wind-balk, a wind-beam or collar-beam; a beam stretching across the upper part of two roof principals. (Obs.)
wind-bar n. the back of the wind-chest of an organ.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > wind-chest > parts of
purse1852
trunk-band1876
trunk-lining1876
wind-bar1881
1881 W. E. Dickson Pract. Organ-building v. 60 The back of the chest, called the ‘wind-bar’,..should be of strong and sound stuff.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > bargeboards, etc.
wind-barge1603
waterbargea1613
barge-course1668
roll1810
valley-board1823
verge-board1827
siding1829
barge-board1833
verge1833
verge-boarding1835
parge-board1840
snowboard1876
hollow roll1904
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 79 Arches, Coinestones, waterberges, and wynd berges or any other hewen worke.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > types of bed > [noun] > air-bed
wind-bed1575
air bed1809
air mattress1834
rheocline1851
Li-Lo1936
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxi. 194 Some vse to carrie a windbed which is made of leather strongly sowed on all the foure sides, and hauing a Pype at one of the corners, to blow it..and when it is blowen full of wind, to stoppe it vp and lie vpon it on the grounde.
wind-bells n. (plural) slips of glass or porcelain suspended from a frame so as to tinkle against one another in the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > wind-bells
wind-bells1901
wind chimes1958
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Richard Calmady ii. ii. 105 They pressed him back and back against the base of a seven-storied pagoda, the wind-bells of which jangled far above him from the angles of its tiers of fluted roofs.
1983 Daily Tel. 21 Oct. 16/1 Windbells tinkled from the eaves of temples, spreading the Holy Word of Buddha, keeping demons away.
wind-belt n. a belt of trees planted for protection from the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > shade- or shelter-tree
nurse1788
nurse-tree1805
shade-tree1806
wind-break1861
shelter belt1869
shelter tree1884
shelter wood1889
wind-belt1903
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > against weather or storms > row of trees
wind-break1861
shelter belt1869
windbreaker1873
wind-belt1903
1903 C. Bald Indian Tea (1917) x. 128 This characteristic [sc. evergreen foliage] makes the several varieties of Dalbergia very suitable for planting as windbelts.
wind-bill n. Scottish (cf. sense 15), an accommodation-bill.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > accommodation bill
kite1805
wind-bill1813
1813 J. Headrick Gen. View Agric. Angus 589 If they [sc. bank notes] be not convertible into specie at the option of the holder, there is a strong temptation to issue them on what are called wind bills, where there is no corresponding value of commodities in existence.
1821 W. Scott Pirate I. iv. 83 He would have got a bank-credit, manœuvred with wind-bills.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > air bladder or parts of
sound1323
swimmer1579
wind-bladder1594
rete1615
swim1638
air bladder1675
swimming-bladder1713
air duct1744
red body1785
swim-bladder1837
fish-maw1840
fish-sound1879
maw1883
red gland1896
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [noun] > distension > inflation with air or gas > that which is inflated
wind-bladder1594
soufflé1888
1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night To Rdr. If they chance but on a moate or a wind bladder, they neuer haue done with it, till they haue cleane..tost it out of sight.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 108 As for Fishes..The wind-bladder, wherewith most of them are furnished, serves to poise their Bodies.
wind-blow n. (a) a stretch of land eroded by wind; (b) (see quot. 1955); (c) = windthrow n. below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > damage due to environmental conditions
wind-stroke1657
carbunculation1666
firing1693
fire blast1727
houseburning1757
winter-killing1827
sun scald1850
scalding1865
sunburn1865
wind-blow1921
water stress1922
balling1928
windrock1969
wind-rocking1972
Waldsterben1983
the world > the earth > land > tract > [noun] > eroded by wind
wind-blow1921
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > blowing down by the wind
wind-blow1921
windthrow1939
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind > destructive
wind-blow1921
1921 H. Guthrie-Smith Tutira xx. 180 The sheep..are returfing the naked windblows.
1944 W. Stevens in Q. Rev. Lit. Spring 157 The drivers in the wind-blows cracking whips.
1955 Britannica Bk. of Year 489/2 Wind-blow, a destructive gale of wind.
1961 New Scientist 16 Mar. 662/2 Comparisons have been made of trees on sites where wind-blow has occurred and those where similar trees are stable.
1979 National Trust Spring 18/3 Marram grass..holds the sand together and reduces the effects of wind blow.
wind-blown adj. blown up or inflated; blown along or about; blown upon by (the) wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > blown (upon) by wind
windyOE
yblowe1377
blown1552
wind-blown1593
weather-blown?1611
breezy1717
gusty1726
windswept1791
breeze-swept1872
blastful1883
the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > under pressure > inflated or filled with compressed air
blownc1425
puffed1536
upblown1590
wind-blown1593
huff-pufft1608
flatuous1658
inflated1681
pneumatic1862
out-blowed-
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [adjective] > distending > inflating > inflated
inflate?1504
puffed1536
full-blown1576
upblown1590
wind-blown1593
huff-pufft1608
bladdered1633
flatuous1658
inflated1681
out-blowed-
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 72 What is beauty more then a wind-blowne bladder?
1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood Sat. vii. 83 More light and toyish than the wind-blown chaffe.
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) i. sig. B8 A Wind-blowne house.
1876 M. Collins in F. Collins Lett. & Friendsh. (1877) II. 158 Wind-blown daffodils.
1888 F. Cowper Caedwalla i. 6 A low island, covered with bushes and a few wind-blown trees.
windblown bob n. [bob n.1 5b] a bobbed hairstyle popular among women in the 1930s (see quot. 1975).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > cut or cropped > for women
Eton crop1925
bob1926
windblown bob1933
bubble cut1948
urchin haircut1951
garçon1956
1933 N. Waln House of Exile iii. i. 187 She had her hair cut in a new fashion which, she told me, was called a windblown bob.
1975 C. Calasibetta Fairchild's Dict. Fashion 262/2 Wind-blown bob, popular 1930's woman's hairstyle, cut short and shingled,..so that hair fell softly about the face as if blown by the wind.
wind-bore n. the suction-pipe of a pump, or the lower end of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > sucker or suction pipe
sucker1611
supper1611
suction pipe1793
wind-bore1797
suction tube1863
tail-pipe1883
suction1886
1797 J. Curr Coal Viewer 58 The Wind Bores..May be cast 8 feet long with a plain or egg bottom.
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 189/1.
wind-box n. = wind-chest n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > wind-chest
wind-chest1797
reservoir1840
wind-box1852
wind-cistern1880
storage-bellows1891
1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 38 A square box, called the wind-box.
wind-brace n. a diagonal brace (brace n.2 17) connecting the rafters of a roof.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > piece which connects rafters
coupling1577
wind-tie1873
wind-brace1889
1889 Catholic Househ. 30 Nov. 4 Traceried windbraces.
wind-bracing n. connecting members designed to stiffen a building or other structure against the wind; the provision of such members.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > providing with supporting parts
needling1347
wind-bracing1890
strutting1896
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports
sillc897
sole-tree1527
spur1529
brace1530
rance1574
strut1587
ground pin1632
ground-plate1663
strut-beam1668
wale-piece1739
strutting-beam1753
wale1754
stretcher1774
tie1793
tie-beam1823
strutting1833
lattice frame1838
tie-bolt1838
tie rod1839
brace-rod1844
web1845
box girder1849
plate girder1849
lattice beam1850
lattice girder1852
girder1853
twister1875
under-girder1875
truss-beam1877
raker1880
wind-bracing1890
portal strut1894
stirrup1909
knee-brace1912
tee-beam1930
tee section1963
binder-
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 51 The wind~bracing was fitted in its long diamonds of lattice.
1911 Husband & Harby Structural Engin. ix. 278 Wind bracing in roofs is employed to counteract the overturning moment of the wind acting on the ends.
1961 Listener 28 Sept. 464/1 An enormous funnel of unoccupied space goes from top to bottom of it [sc. a skyscraper] in order to provide mere wind bracing for the rest of it.
1974 Sci. Amer. Feb. 98/2 The statue [of Liberty] posed a special problem in wind bracing.
windbreaker n. †(a) (cf. 10), a drug that expels flatulence, a carminative; (b) U.S. = wind-break n. 1; (c) U.S. (with capital initial) the proprietary name of a kind of shirt or leather blouse; gen. (chiefly North American) = windcheater n. (b) below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for flatulence
carminative1671
wind-discusser1676
windbreaker1694
physagogue1890
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > against weather or storms > row of trees
wind-break1861
shelter belt1869
windbreaker1873
wind-belt1903
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > weatherproof > windproof
windjammer1880
windcheater1909
windbreaker1918
wind-jacket1940
1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. xx. 803/2 The Sugared Oily Carminative, or Wind breaker.
1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xxxiv. 730 If there is any wind-breaker northwest, between there and Alaska, I had no evidence of it.
1918 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 5 Nov. 214/2 The Hilker-Wiechers Manufacturing Co., Racine, Wis. Windbreaker... Men's shirts for outer wear.
1925 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 13 Jan. 256/2 Gufterman Bros., Inc., St. Paul, Minn... Windbreaker... Leather blouses, shirts, [etc.].
1934 Beaver June 6/2 The wind-breakers and coats are shown by a series of photographs.
1964 ‘R. Macdonald’ in H. Q. Masur Murder most Foul (1973) 109 A man with a bulky shoulder harness under his brown suede windbreaker.
1985 Times 9 Feb. 36/4 The terminal was full of muscular young men in windbreakers and running shoes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [adjective] > for flatulence
wind-breaking1609
carminative1655
1609 W. Rowley Search for Money (1842) 17 Good holsome windebreaking pippins.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > other stringed instruments > [noun] > hurdy-gurdy
wind-broach1653
humstrum1739
tetrachordon1740
hurdy-gurdy1749
vielle1768
celestinette1774
claviole1813
harmonichord1835
piano-violin1859
organistrum1867
humpenscrumpa1916
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxx. 198 A..player on that instrument which is called a windbroach.
a1704 T. Brown Lett. from Dead in Wks. (1730) II. 234 To fumble out a fine sonata upon a wind-broach [1707: Winebroach].
windburn n. [after sunburn, etc.] (usually superficial) inflammation or discoloration of the skin caused by exposure to wind.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > sun or windburn
sunburninga1398
sunburn1584
sunburntness1692
windburn1939
1939 C. Morley Kitty Foyle xxx. 313 It was comical to see the dames..worrying about windburn and sunsquint and brittle nails.
1977 Birds Spring 40 All night my skin is hot with windburn, and between my teeth..the salt-sharp flavour of the rain.
wind-burned adj. (also wind-burnt)
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > sun or windburn
sunburnta1500
wind-burned1942
1942 J. Steinbeck Moon is Down vi. 137 They were windburned and strong..Will Anders and Tom Anders, the fishermen.
1954 ‘Bryher’ Fourteenth of Oct. ii. 17 His eyes were the same blue in his windburnt face.
1981 ‘E. Lathen’ Going for Gold iv. 40 Practicing for the Swiss women's slalom team had left her with windburned cheeks.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > air-gun
wind-gun1644
wind-musketa1660
air gun1685
wind-cane1723
air pistol1780
air rifle1801
1723 E. Stone tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments iii. ii. 95 The Construction of the Wind-Cane.
windcap n. [translating German windkapsel] Music = reed n.1; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > associated parts
fipple1626
wind-way1875
staple1880
pirouette1891
plaque1940
windcap1940
tongue1953
scrape1954
reed-cap1960
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [adjective] > reeded > type of double reed
windcap1940
1940 C. Sachs Hist. Musical Instrum. (1942) xv. 320 Wind-cap instruments were first introduced to art music in the fifteenth century. The cromorne was the oldest European instrument with a wind cap.
1970 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music (rev. ed.) 588/2 More important are the crumhorns... Their tube was nearly cylindrical,..and a pierced cap (wind cap) covered the reed so that the player could not touch it.
1980 Early Mus. Gaz. Apr. 13/3 There will be a weekend for players of the recorder, gemshorn, windcap instruments, cornetti and for renaissance dancers in Hutton Hall, near Carlisle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > blast or gust of
ghosteOE
blasta1000
blas?c1225
ragec1405
blorec1440
flaw1513
thud1513
flaga1522
fuddera1522
flake1555
flan1572
whid?1590
flirta1592
gust1594
berry1598
wind-catch1610
snuff1613
stress1625
flash1653
blow1655
fresh1662
scud1694
flurry1698
gush1704
flam1711
waff1727
flawer1737
Roger's Blasta1825
flaff1827
slat1840
scart1861
rodges-blast1879
huffle1889
slap1890
slammer1891
Sir Roger1893
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. v. 10 Sweeping or floating Waters, which flit and fleete to and fro with wind-catches.
1665 W. Dodson Designe Draining Fens 13 Those Banks I did not make for Sea Banks,..but laid them near to avoid a Winde-catch.
wind-changing adj. changing like the wind, inconstant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > changeableness > [adjective]
slidinga900
wankleeOE
windyc1000
unsteadfastc1200
fleeting?c1225
loose?c1225
brotelc1315
unstablec1340
varyingc1340
variantc1374
motleyc1380
ungroundedc1380
muablea1393
passiblea1393
remuablea1393
changeablea1398
movablea1398
variablec1397
slidderya1400
ticklec1400
variantc1412
flitting1413
mutable?a1425
movingc1425
flaskisable1430
flickering1430
transmutablec1430
vertible1447
brittlea1450
ficklea1450
permutablec1450
unfirmc1450
uncertain1477
turnable1483
unsteadfast1483
vagrantc1522
inconstant1526
alterable?1531
stirringc1540
slippery1548
various1552
slid?1553
mutala1561
rolling1561
weathery1563
unconstant1568
interchangeable1574
fluctuant1575
stayless1575
transitive1575
voluble1575
changeling1577
queasy1579
desultory1581
huff-puff1582
unstaid1586
vagrant1586
changeful1590
floating1594
Protean1594
unstayed1594
swimming1596
anchorless1597
mobilec1600
ticklish1601
catching1603
labile1603
unrooted1604
quicksilvered1605
versatile1605
insubstantial1607
uncertain1609
brandling1611
rootless1611
squeasy1611
wind-changinga1616
insolid1618
ambulatory1625
versatilous1629
plastic1633
desultorious1637
unbottomed1641
fluid1642
fluent1648
yea-and-nay1648
versipellous1650
flexile1651
uncentred1652
variating1653
chequered1656
slideable1662
transchangeative1662
weathercock-like1663
flicketing1674
fluxa1677
lapsable1678
wanton1681
veering1684
upon the weathercock1702
contingent1703
unsettled?1726
fermentable1731
afloat1757
brickle1768
wavy1795
vagarious1798
unsettled1803
fitful1810
metamorphosical1811
undulating1815
tittupya1817
titubant1817
mutative1818
papier mâché1818
teetotum1819
vacillating1822
capricious1823
sensitive1828
quicksilvery1829
unengrafted1829
fluxionala1834
proteiform1833
liquid1835
tottlish1835
kaleidoscopic1846
versative1846
kaleidoscopical1858
tottery1861
choppy1865
variative1874
variational1879
wimbly-wambly1881
fluctuable1882
shifty1882
giveable1884
shifty1884
tippy1886
mutatory1890
upsettable1890
rocky1897
undulatory1897
streaky1898
tottly1905
tipply1906
up and down1907
inertialess1927
sometimey1946
rise-and-fall1950
switchable1961
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) v. i. 57 Wind-changing Warwicke now can change no more. View more context for this quotation
wind-channel n. = wind tunnel n. below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > aerodynamics > wind tunnels
air tunnel1805
tunnel1911
wind tunnel1911
wind-channel1918
smoke tunnel1931
spinning tunnel1934
hotshot1957
1918 W. L. Cowley & H. Levy Aeronautics iv. 98 A series of experiments are conducted in the wind channel to test the lift and drag for different forms of sections.
1972 Nature 18 Aug. 375/1 The secrecy..was lifted in 1919 to reveal..developments in techniques for scale model testing in wind ‘channels’ (tunnels).
windcharger n. a small windmill which generates electricity for a farm, dwelling, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > generator > [noun] > using wind-power
Savonius1925
aerogenerator1945
windcharger1946
1946 E. W. Manning Igloo for Night 156 We could hear the wind tearing past, and the high screaming whine as it met the wires of the radio masts and the wind-charger.
1949 Farmer's Weekly (S. Afr.) 13 July 69/5 I have an old car generator. Can this be converted into a windcharger?
1976 Sci. Amer. June 94/3 The introduction of the windcharger in the 1930's brought to remote farms and ranches enough electricity to power radios and a few light bulbs and appliances.
windcheater n. (a) Golf a ball driven low into the wind, spec. one played with strong backspin (see quot. 1909); (b) a kind of wind-resistant jacket or blouson.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of shot or stroke
putta1754
like1790
drive1829
tee-shot1850
gobble1857
push shot1865
iron shot1870
push stroke1873
drive-off1884
slice1886
raker1888
foozle1890
hook1890
iron1890
top1890
sclaff1893
brassy shot1894
run1894
chip shot1899
chip1903
pull1903
skimmer1903
draw shot1904
brassy1906
pitch-and-run1908
windcheater1909
air shot1920
chip-in1921
explosion1924
downhiller1925
blast1927
driver1927
shank1927
socket1927
recovery1937
whiff1952
pinsplitter1961
comebacker1965
bump-and-run1981
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > weatherproof > windproof
windjammer1880
windcheater1909
windbreaker1918
wind-jacket1940
1909 P. A. Vaile Mod. Golf xii. 180 The wind-cheater, the ball that skims away over the daisies and then rises gracefully at the end of its flight, to fall sometimes almost dead.
1940 Illustr. London News 197 385 (advt.) The windcheater..famous wind-resisting-pullover of close-textured cotton with fleecy inner surface. Crew neck.
1956 L. McIntosh Oxf. Folly 53 Incongruous in his neat suit and tidy hair among the tousled undergraduates in windcheaters or polo-necked sweaters.
1977 G. Peper Scrambling Golf ix. 162 One of those low, delayed-rising ‘wind-cheaters’.
1982 C. Thomas Jade Tiger 195 The first chill of the night, seeping through his thin windcheater, alerted and refreshed him.
wind-chest n. an airtight chest or box in an organ or similar instrument, which is filled with wind from the bellows, and from which the wind is admitted to the pipes or reeds.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > wind-chest
wind-chest1797
reservoir1840
wind-box1852
wind-cistern1880
storage-bellows1891
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 487/2 (Organ) IKKK is the wind-chest, which is a square box fitted close to the under side of the lower board.
1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 52 The length of the wind-chest depends on the compass of the key-board.
wind chill n. the cooling effect of moving air on a body; also, = wind-chill factor n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > chilling effect of moving air
wind chill1939
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > chilling effect of moving air > measure or scale of
wind chill1939
wind-chill index1939
chill factor1967
wind-chill factor1977
1939 P. A. Siple Adaptations of Explorer to Climate of Antarctica (Ph.D. diss., Clark University) 177 July exhibited a mean wind-chill of 462·8.
1949 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 53 1/2 ‘Wind Chill’... This is the worst form of cold weather to encounter, as not only does it cause exhaustion, low morale, pain and frustration, but in some cases the lack of the will to live when the wind chill factor is unusually high.
1963 New Scientist 7 Feb. 276/1 Wind chill, which is actually another name for the dry convective cooling power of the atmosphere, is a term descriptive of the cooling effect of air movement and low temperature.
wind-chill factor n. = wind-chill index n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > chilling effect of moving air > measure or scale of
wind chill1939
wind-chill index1939
chill factor1967
wind-chill factor1977
1977 J. F. Fixx Compl. Bk. Running xiii. 151 Because of the wind-chill factor, a given temperature feels colder than in still weather.
1985 Times 8 Jan. 26/4 Francis Wilson, the BBC weatherman, yesterday introduced Breakfast Time viewers to a new and chilly forecasting feature: the ‘wind chill factor’.
wind-chill index n. a measure or scale of the combined effect of low temperature and wind-speed on body temperature (see quot. 1939).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > chilling effect of moving air > measure or scale of
wind chill1939
wind-chill index1939
chill factor1967
wind-chill factor1977
1939 P. A. Siple Adaptations of Explorer to Climate of Antarctica (Ph.D. diss., Clark University) 166 I therefore propose in this discussion to multiply temperatures in degrees Centigrade below freezing by wind velocity in meters per second, the product of which I shall call the wind-chill index.
1959 R. E. Huschke Gloss. Meteorol. 629 Wind-chill index—(Also called wind-chill factor), the cooling effect of any combination of temperature and wind, expressed as the loss of body heat in kilogram calories per hour per square meter of skin surface.
wind chimes n. (plural) = wind-bells n. above.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > wind-bells
wind-bells1901
wind chimes1958
1958 T. Williams Orpheus Descending iii. iii. 85 Someone has entered the confectionery door, out of sight, and the draught of air has set the windchimes tinkling wildly.
1976 M. Millar Ask for me Tomorrow (1977) iii. 18 Go..to the glass door and shake the wind chimes good and hard. She's in Marco's room.
wind-cistern n. = wind-chest n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > wind-chest
wind-chest1797
reservoir1840
wind-box1852
wind-cistern1880
storage-bellows1891
1880 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 605/1 The wind-cisterns or wind-chests.
wind-cock n. †(a) = wind-mow n.; (b) a weathercock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > stooking > stook or cock > stack or rick in field
pike1565
pook1607
wind-cock1610
pout1686
wind-mow1811
peak1953
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock
cock?a1300
weathercocka1300
fanec1386
vane1425
fan?a1500
thane1570
weather-flag1611
eagle-cock1694
girella1720
weathervane1721
dogvane1769
weather-fane1773
girouette1822
wind-vane1858
pendant1860
wind-cock1920
1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes M 4 b You mow one day, you ted an other, you spend one in gathering it into winde-cockes.
1920 J. Masefield Right Royal 5 Spires of churches Gleaming with swinging wind-cocks on their perches.
wind-colic n. colic caused by flatulence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in stomach or bowels
womb achea1398
gnawing1398
torsionc1425
colicc1440
frettingc1440
the wormc1500
wringc1500
griping1526
wresting?1543
wringing?1550
bellyache1552
torment1578
colic passion1586
wind-colic1593
belly-thrawe1595
belly-grinding1597
fret1600
gripe1601
wrenching1607
mulligrubsa1625
bellywarka1652
torminaa1655
efferation1684
stomach-ache1763
gastrodynia1804
guts-ache1818
stony colic1822
wame-ill1829
gastralgia1834
tummy ache1926
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 45 b Euery part of thee [shall] be wrunge as with the wind-chollick.
1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 57 I came home, arrested with a sharp fit of the Wind-Colick.
1737 H. Fielding Tom Thumb (ed. 3) i. iii. 10 I feel a sudden Pain within my Breast, Nor know I whether it arise from Love, Or only the Wind-Colick.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 199 The oppressive distension of wind-colic.
wind cone n. Aeronautics = wind sock n. below.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > wind sock
wind cone1918
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
sock1933
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-sock or -cone
wind cone1918
drogue1919
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
wind-stocking1932
1918 Flight 2 May 496/1 A wind cone set up in..fields..near aerodromes, would enable cross-country fliers to know..where to land and in what direction.
wind-contusion n. an internal injury without any external mark of violence, formerly supposed to be caused by the ‘wind’ (see 13) of a cannon-ball, shell, or other projectile.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > internal wound
wind-contusion1857
wind-stroke1913
1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 983/1 Wind of a ball, a term applied to the compression of air, supposed to be produced by the passage of a ball near a part of the body, so as to occasion what has been called a wind contusion.
1877 T. Longmore Gunshot Injuries 95 The true explanation of the phenomena observed in cases of so-called ‘wind contusions’ is to be found in the peculiar direction, the degree of obliquity, with which the missile has happened to impinge against the elastic skin.
windcrust n. Mountaineering a crust formed on the surface of soft snow by the wind (see quot. 1936).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > a fall of snow > hardened surface of snow
crust1809
marble1924
windcrust1936
1936 E. A. M. Wedderburn Alpine Climbing iv. 50 Wind both causes the snow to drift and forms a crust on the powder snow; this is the chief kind of crust found in winter. It is most important to distinguish between sun crust and wind crust.
1955 E. Hillary High Adventure 69 The surface here was most unpleasant—a thick wind~crust over deep unstable snow.
wind-dial n. a dial showing the direction of the wind by means of a pointer connected with a wind-vane; also figurative (cf. 16b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock > dial connected with
wind-dial1706
1706 in J. Ashton Social Life Reign of Queen Anne (1882) II. 56 The Wind Dial, lately set up at Grigsby's Coffee..House,..being of Constant use to those that are in any wise Concerned in Navigation.
1761 Ld. Hardwicke in Life (1847) III. xiv. 257 A great change was made in the political wind-dial before you left us.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for flatulence
carminative1671
wind-discusser1676
windbreaker1694
physagogue1890
1676 J. Cooke Mellificium Chirurg. (ed. 3) Table sig. *7v Wind-discussers.
wind-divide n. a ridge of high-pressure from which wind blows outwards on either side.
ΚΠ
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 203 A tongue of high pressure projects from the Atlantic over the centre of Europe towards Siberia. It is of only slight intensity, but sufficient to form a ‘wind-divide’.
wind-dog n. [dog n.1 9] name for a fragment of rainbow, supposed to presage wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > imperfectly formed
water-gall1573
weather-gall1621
sun dog1635
weather-dog1758
wind-gall1823
wind-dog1860
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > rainbow > part or fragment of
water-gall1573
weather-gall1621
wind-gall1823
wind-dog1860
1860 Fitz-Roy in Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 344 ‘Wind dogs’, and the rainbow, are more or less significant of increasing wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of abdomen or diaphragm > [noun] > distension
tympanites1398
tympany1528
tympan1530
wind-dropsy1607
meteorismus1791
tympanitis1797
meteorism1843
meteorization1857
tympanicity1899
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 386 The Timpany, which..may be called in English the wind dropsie.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 432 Making an artificial opening into the cavity of the abdomen in the case of wind-dropsy, as well as in that of water-dropsy.
wind energy n. energy obtained from harnessing the wind; cf. solar adj. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > capacity for exertion of mechanical force > wind energy or power
wind energy1976
1976 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 124 731/2 At present the main bar to developing and using wind energy in this country is very high capital costs of equipment.
wind-engine n. a machine driven by the wind, as a windmill.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [noun] > by wind
wind-instrument1601
wind-engine1669
wind-machine1746
wind-motor1881
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 21 (note) Wind-Engines for the raising of Water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > winnowing > machine
winnower1605
fanc1669
wind-fan1761
fanner1788
fly1808
whisk1808
aspirator1883
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Luke iii. 17 His..wind fone in honda his.
1761 Descr. S. Carolina 7 Afterwards it is..winnowed, which was formerly a very tedious Operation, but it is now performed..by a very simple Machine, a Wind-Fan.
wind-fanner n. (also wind-vanner) local the kestrel.
ΚΠ
1832 T. Johnes Let. in A. E. Bray Descr. Part Devonshire (1836) I. xx. 346 The kestrel, called here the wind-fanner and windhover, from its motion when hovering over the same spot in search of its quarry.
wind farm n. a group of energy-producing windmills or wind turbines.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > generator > [noun] > using wind-power > group of
wind farm1980
wind park1980
1980 Sunday Times 24 Aug. 4/4 The plan is to set up one (windmill) of medium size as soon as possible to gain experience, and then to establish a ‘wind farm’, of about ten windmills, each capable of generating a megawatt of electricity.
1982 Energy Spectrum (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co. Ltd.) 8/1 Larger systems of more than 1 MW are also envisaged either singly or in ‘wind farms’ for integration into utility grids.
wind-fast adj. = wind-tight adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific
watertight1489
wind-tight1507
wind and water tighta1550
weatherproof1647
weather-tight1648
wind-fast1648
airtight1728
steam-tight1765
waterproofed1813
gas-tight1819
acid-proof1844
gas-proof1846
oil-tight1847
mudproof1897
pressure-tight1899
draught-proof1908
weather-stripped1908
spill-proof1920
vacuum-tight1927
splash-proof1929
vapour-proof1946
1648 in J. Davidson Inverarie (1878) 302 To keep the kirk wind-fast and water-tight.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice > so as to make waterproof, windproof, etc.
wind-fill1601
gas-proof1920
weatherproof1922
1601 Stanford Churchwardens' Accts. in Antiquary (1888) May 213 To John Rayner for wind-fillinge the Church wall ijs.
wind-firm adj. of a tree: firmly rooted so as to be able to withstand strong winds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by quality or health > [adjective] > firmly rooted
wind-firm1895
1895 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry IV. iv. iii. 469 The westerly border-trees..have now become so wind-firm that the severance-felling might be widened.
1927 Forestry 1 21 To keep plantations wind-firm..initial spacings of the order of six feet..are necessary.
1981 Southern Hort. (N.Z.) Spring 31/2 Containerisation of such material without this evening-out treatment produces trees that are neither wind-firm in the container, nor on the planting site.
wind-firmness n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by quality or health > [noun] > state of being firmly rooted
wind-firmness1962
1962 Times 1 Jan. 6/4 It [sc. a tree] was there to increase the wind-firmness of the woodland.
wind-flag n. a flag on a shooting-range designed to indicate the direction and force of the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > flag indicating wind direction
wind-flag1923
1923 R. Kipling Land & Sea Tales 181 He pointed towards the stiff-tailed wind-flags that stuck out at all sorts of angles as the eddy round the shoulder of the Down caught them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > [adverb] > in an awkward or ungainly manner
wind-flaucht1513
a-sprawl1878
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. vi. 86 He..Maid hym lycht windflaucht [L. revolutus] on the ground vnclene.
wind-furnace n. a furnace in which the draught is obtained by means of a (high or narrow) chimney without the aid of bellows or other mechanical blower as in a blast furnace.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > types of furnace by method of operation
lamp-furnace1651
wind-furnace1651
reverbatory1656
blast furnace1706
revolver1879
run-out1881
flame-furnace1888
producer1890
resistance furnace1897
induction furnace1907
suction plant1909
high-frequency induction furnace1918
solar furnace1924
roller hearth furnace1927
1651 J. French Art Distillation vi. 190 Put those cakes..into a Winde Furnace.
1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets i. 132 Put them in a Wind-Furnace to Calcine.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Furnace A Wind Furnace, or Furnace for Fusions, which is so called, because the Wind comes forcibly to blow the Coals, in order to Melt or Fuse the Matter in the Crucible or Coppel.
1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 11 A Wind-Furnace, for the fusion of metals.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxii. 195 The oldest method of manufacturing wrought iron was to reduce it at once from the ore by heating in a wind-furnace with charcoal or coal.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Wind-furnace, a furnace in which a strong heat is obtained..by means of a powerful draft, depending on a narrow flue or chimney of considerable elevation.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 948/2 Wind Furnace (Metallurgy), one depending upon the draft of a chimney, as distinguished from a blast furnace.
wind-gap n. (see gap n.1 5b); spec. (see quot. 1939).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > gorge or ravine > specific abandoned
wind-gap1889
1889 J. D. Whitney United States 223 Gaps..in which the depression in the ridge is not sufficiently deep to give passage to a watercourse are known as ‘wind-gaps’.
1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 5 144 If the land should be raised a few hundred feet, these head-waters would soon be gained by the Trent; and the divide between the successful and defeated systems would be pushed to the notch in the hard Oölite, which would then be a ‘wind-gap’, instead of a ‘water-gap’, as the Pennsylvanians say.
1939 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 50 1343 The term ‘wind gap’ is now more commonly restricted to abandoned water gaps, while those gaps not believed to have been former water gaps are designated as ‘cols’.
1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 76/1 Possible signs of river capture that can often be detected in the landscape include windgaps and elbows of capture, incision of the capturing stream below the capture, and the evident misfit nature of the beheaded stream.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > cupping-glassor -horn
box?a1425
bleeding-boistc1440
ventose1500
cucurbit?1541
cucurbitule?1541
cupping-glass1545
boxing glass1562
ventosa1562
wind-glass1585
cupping box1592
boxing cup1605
cup-glass1616
cup1617
bleeding-bowl1911
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 262/1 Cucurbitula,..a wind glasse, cupping glasse, or boxing glasse.
wind-god n. a deity presiding over the winds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > of specific things > of (types of) weather
zephyrOE
wind-god1594
rain god1838
thunder god1841
rain-goddess1854
storm-goddess1869
storm power1869
storm-god1877
bolt-bearer1883
weather-god1905
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. i The Wind-god warring now with Fate.
1803 H. K. White To Herb Rosemary in Clifton Grove 90 The wind-god as he flies Moans hollow in the Forest-trees.
1930 E. Blunden Summer's Fancy 31 They stole away, and heard the windgod trill Winging the corn that to the bright west rolled.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > gout
dropc1000
podagraOE
goutc1290
podagrec1300
arthritic?a1450
podagrya1538
arthritis1543
joint-sickness1545
leaping gout1562
goutiness1632
wind-gout1662
podarthritis1846
1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 144 A man near fourteen years, afflicted..with the Wind-Gout in his hands.
wind-grass n. a name for Agrostis Spica-venti.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > bent or agrostis
Agrostis1597
corn-grass1597
marsh bent1764
bent1796
fiorin1809
wind-grass1847
1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. xi. 339 The dry wind-grass of the plains north of the Staaten.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Apera (Agrostis) Spica-venti, Corn-grass, Wind-grass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > side facing wind or weather
wind-sidec1400
wind-hand1647
weather side1816
1647 N. Nye Art of Gunnery ii. 12 When you come to your Peece, set your Boudge barrel on the windhand thereof.
wind-harp n. an Aeolian harp (also allusively).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > Aeolian
Aeolus's harpa1748
Aeolian harp1750
Aeolian lyre1754
anemochord1801
wind-harp1813
1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. ix. 113 When..wind-harp at thy window swells.
1841–4 R. W. Emerson Nature in Wks. (1906) I. 225 The musical steaming odorous south wind, which converts all trees to wind-harps.
wind-hole n. †(a) the opening at the top of the windpipe, the glottis; (b) an opening in brickwork for the passage of air; (c) the hole in the lower board of a pair of bellows; (d) a ventilating shaft in a mine; (e) each of the openings in the sound-board of an organ, through which wind is admitted to the pipes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > throat > glottis
wind-holec1400
glottis1578
lingula1615
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > ventilation opening or hole
breathinga1387
suspiralc1430
breathing hole?1440
wind-ventc1450
air hole1601
spiracle1620
ventage1623
spirament1654
wind-hole1683
spiraculuma1734
blowhole1858
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > bellows > parts of
tew-iron1399
rock-staff1561
basis1669
twire-pipe1674
rocker1678
tewel1678
wind-hole1688
wind-sucker1688
rostrum1706
muzzle1726
tuyere1781
stirrup1843
hinge1852
tue1883
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > passage, shaft, duct, or pipe > in a mine
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
airway1800
wind-hole1802
air course1814
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
air heading1841
thirl1847
run1849
wind-road1860
wind-way1875
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > soundboard > holes in
wind-hole1881
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1336 Þay..grayþely departed Þe wesaunt fro þe wynt-hole.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 166 Lay the ends of each Brick about three Inches off each other, to serve for Wind-holes.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xiv. 7/1 The wind hole, a square hole in the middle of the under board [of a pair of bellows].
1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. Wind-holes, shafts or sumps sunk to convey wind or air.
1881 W. E. Dickson Pract. Organ-building ix. 122 Let us be sure that the flow of wind to that pipe is not interrupted..by a chip in the wind-hole.
wind-jacket n. = windcheater n. (b) above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > weatherproof > windproof
windjammer1880
windcheater1909
windbreaker1918
wind-jacket1940
1940 F. Smythe Adventures of Mountaineer xi. 201 It was all we could do..to pull off our wind jackets.
1955 G. Band Road to Rakaposhi vii. 87 David and I, who were wearing bright red windjackets,..slipped carefully past.
windjammer n. slang (a) U.S. a bugler, bandsman; (b) a sailing-vessel (obsolete exc. Historical); (c) U.S. a rumour-monger, a loquacious person; (d) = windcheater n. (b) above.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] > tale-bearer
rounderOE
blabc1374
tale-teller1377
clatterer1388
tittlerc1400
talebearer1478
whisterer1519
whisperer1547
telltale1548
tattler1549
clatterfart1552
tale-carrier1552
babbler?1555
gossip1566
gossiper1568
carry-tale1577
mumble-news1598
twitter1598
buzzer1604
blob-talea1670
gadabout1757
tell-pie1771
circulator1792
clype1825
windjammer1880
tattle-tale1889
panta1908
clatfarta1930
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > chatting or chat > one who chats or gossips
kikelot?c1225
mathelild?c1225
cacklec1230
tutelerc1385
tittererc1400
roukera1425
trattlerc1485
flimmerc1530
tattler1549
chatter1561
gossip1566
gossiper1568
tittle-tattle1571
chatmate1599
fiddle-faddle1602
tittle-tattler1602
confabulator1659
twittle-twat1662
shat1709
prittle-prattle1725
tattle-basket1736
small-talker1762
nash-gab1816
granny1861
windjammer1880
schmoozer1899
scuttlebutt gossip1901
wag-tongue1902
coffee-houser1907
kibitzer1925
clatfarta1930
natterer1959
yacker1959
rapper1967
village gossip1972
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun]
blowerc897
bretheman?a1400
wait1510
town wait1541
winder1611
tooter1620
wind-instrumentalist1869
windjammer1880
horn1945
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > weatherproof > windproof
windjammer1880
windcheater1909
windbreaker1918
wind-jacket1940
1880 United Service Oct. 458 [The adjutant] watched the roll-call of his ‘wind-jammers’.
1892 Rudder Sept. 217/1 The deck~hands on the liners contemptuously refer to [sailing vessels] as ‘wind-jammers’.
1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 7 Aug. The few workers present are effectually playing the part of windjammers and many rumors are afloat.
1899 Harmsworth's Mag. Mar. 102 A large three-masted wind-jammer was caught by the gale and disabled.
1909 Athenæum 31 July 121/3 It deals with the homeward passage of a big steel ‘windjammer’ from Calcutta—a typical chapter from the life of merchant-service Jack.
1917 S. Lewis Job 209 We do our work and don't howl about like all these socialists and radicals and other wind-jammers.
1930 Evening Standard 20 Aug. 2 (advt.) Thousands of golfers wear the Barker ‘Windjammer’ and report it to be a splendid garment.
1931 Amer. Mercury XXIV. 354/2 [Circus Words.] Windjammer, a band musician.
1932 W. H. Auden in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1978) Aug. 282 My hand was wrung By one bareheaded in a windjammer jacket.
1942 M. Hargrove See here, Private Hargrove xlii. 119 Wind~jammer, the bugler.
1976 Milton Keynes Express 25 June 4/4 The very popular zip-fronted cotton velour wind-jammer..is also great weekend gear with jeans.
windjamming n. (a) sailing a windjammer; (b) talking, gossiping; (c) playing a wind instrument.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > chattering
chaveling?c1225
janglingc1330
jangleryc1374
tatteringc1380
ganglinga1387
clatteringc1400
babbling?c1430
languetingc1450
pratinga1470
cackling1530
prattling1530
tattling1547
gaggling1548
clicketing1575
twattling1577
clacking1594
gabbling1599
blattering1604
snuttering1693
futileness1727
rattling1753
gabbering1798
magginga1800
yaffing1815
deblateration1817
tattlement1837
nattering1859
spieling1859
yattering1859
chatteration1862
quiddling1870
windjamming1886
waffling1958
motormouthing1981
society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > by sailing > in a windjammer
windjamming1886
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > [noun]
blowingc1000
blastc1275
blow1723
too-tooing1843
blasting1862
windjamming1886
toot-tootling1904
1886 D. Kemp Man. Yacht & Boat Sailing (ed. 5) 658/1 Wind jamming. A new-fashioned slang term for sailing by the wind.
1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch Oct. 5 Could this power of wind-jamming have been saved there would have been some good accruing from the extra session.
1894 Nautical Mag. Feb. 102 People would begin to understand the meaning of seamanship as apart from the so-called and much-despised ‘wind-jamming’.
1919 S. Lewis Free Air 182 You're the worst wind-jamming liar I ever met.
1946 Seafarers' Log 18 Jan. 4/1 He really fooled the entire crew, and the Chief Mate was so impressed with his windjamming that he wanted to make him Bosun.
wind-knot n. a knot tied on a rope, supposed magically to ensure a favourable wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > charm or amulet > for luck > specific
nicetery1652
horseshoe1665
rabbit's foot1680
pocket-piece1695
luck penny1703
luck money1820
caul1826
windbag1870
wind-knot1870
billiken1914
four-leaf clover1927
paho1979
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > knot used by sailors > specific
bowline-knot1627
clinch1627
sheepshank1627
wall-knot1627
running bowline1710
running bowline knot1726
bend1769
clove-hitch1769
half-hitch1769
hitch1769
walnut1769
cat's paw1794
midshipman's hitch1794
reef knot1794
clench1804
French shroud knot1808
carrick bend1819
bowline1823
slippery hitch1832
wall1834
Matthew Walker1841
shroud-knot1860
stopper-knotc1860
marling hitch1867
wind-knot1870
Portuguese knot1871
rosette1875
chain knota1877
stopper-hitch1876
swab-hitch1883
monkey fist1917
Spanish bowline1968
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > knot > any knot used by sailors > supposed to ensure favourable wind
wind-knot1870
1870 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 367 The witches of Lapland sold ‘wind-knots’ tied on a rope to their sea~faring customers.
wind-lane n. a current on the surface of a body of water, caused by the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > caused by wind
wind-lane1943
1943 ‘T. Dudley-Gordon’ Coastal Command 22 He knows its direction by the ‘wind-lanes’ on the sea.
1979 Fisherman's Weekly 21 June 6/1 Thousands of tiny shucks from the freshly opened beech leaves, blown onto the surface, had collected in floating rafts, and were marking the wind lanes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > single reed
reed1530
wind-lap1570
single reed1883
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ci/2 Ye Wyndlappe, lingula.
wind-lipper n. [lipper n.1] Nautical a rippling or ruffling of the surface of the water caused by the first rising of a breeze.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > slight sea
lipper1513
wind-lipper1789
1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 210 We can do nothing with the guns when there is any swell, or wind lipper.
1815 W. Scoresby in Mem. Wernerian Soc. II. 324 (note) The first effects of a breeze of wind on smooth water is by seamen called wind-lipper.
wind-list n. [list n.3 4] (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > streak of cloud
flake1744
wefta1822
streamer1871
wind-list1898
scart1899
1898 C. M. Yonge John Keble's Parishes 173 Windlist, white streak of faint cloud across a blue sky, showing the direction of the wind.
wind load n. Engineering the force on a structure arising from the impact of wind on it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > load > specific
live load1858
proof load1858
wind load1911
impact load1924
wind loading1924
surcharge1930
point load1937
preload1941
impact loading1948
1911 Husband & Harby Structural Engin. ii. 36 (heading) Wind load.
1961 B.S.I. News Dec. 16/2 Stability requirements for cranes (including consideration of wind loads).
1970 New Scientist 17 Sept. 584/2 The BRS project will improve wind-tunnel techniques, as well as increasing knowledge of windloads—which means better, safer, and perhaps more economic building.
wind loading n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > load > specific
live load1858
proof load1858
wind load1911
impact load1924
wind loading1924
surcharge1930
point load1937
preload1941
impact loading1948
1924 P. A. Franklin in Hool & Kinne Movable & Long-Span Steel Bridges i. 47 Design machinery for wind loadings as set forth in chapter of design of operating machinery.
1985 Times 19 July 13/4 In windy winter conditions the windloading presses the door up against the weatherstrip.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > access of wind to sails > catching too much wind
wind-taut1644
wind-lofta1687
a1687 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. ii, in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions (1691) 125 The next enquiry must be, what extent of Sail our Vessel must carry,..and from thence the Wind-loft.
wind-logged adj. [compare waterlogged adj.] (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > steam engine > [adjective] > specific types
atmospheric1822
single-acting1825
wind-logged1829
non-condensing1839
double-acting1842
treble-cylinder1877
quadruplex1880
uniflow1912
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [adjective] > having cylinders(s) > types of cylinder
wind-logged1829
big bore1960
1829 ‘R. Stuart’ Anecd. Steam Engines I. 149 Air remained in the cylinder, and prevented..the fall of the piston..: from this cause alone, (and which was afterwards known by the term of wind-logged) this engine must have soon ceased its motion.
wind-lop n. [lop n.6] Canadian a choppy surface on the sea, caused by wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > lop
lop1829
loppiness1908
wind-lop1908
1908 N. Duncan Every Man for Himself i. 18 An' the sea was runnin' high—a fussy wind-lop over a swell that broke in big whitecaps.
1974 F. Mowat Boat who wouldn't Float xix. 234 The combination of wind-lop and heavy swell produced a motion that was indescribable.
wind-machine n. a machine driven by the wind, or one for producing a ‘wind’ or blast of air; (a) spec. one that blows out relatively warm air for protecting crops against frost (see quot. 19762); (b) in theatrical and other productions, a machine for simulating the sound or other effects of wind; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [noun] > by wind
wind-instrument1601
wind-engine1669
wind-machine1746
wind-motor1881
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > others
red fire1680
lightning box1825
blue fire1826
rain box1867
crash1891
wind-machine1906
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > other agricultural implements
visgy1777
tomahawk1793
potato-scoop1810
rice stick1832
seed feeder1851
poniard1874
aphicide1883
thinner1943
mist blower1946
dung fork1951
wind-machine1976
1746 Specif. & Surrender Roll (P.R.O.: C 73/4) m. 41 A Self-regulating Wind Machine.
1799 Hull Advertiser 7 Sept. 4/2 These wind machines..species of gigantic bellows.
1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 341 The annual expence of repairs..will not much exceed that of a wind machine.
1906 R. A. Streatfeild Mod. Music & Musicians xix. 338 The fantastic pieces of musical extravagance that are a special feature of ‘Don Quixote’, such as the wind machine and the bleating sheep, are thoroughly in keeping with..Strauss's real methods.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xvi. 282 So many people, like your famous wind-machine, have only got minds tacked on to their physical corpses.
1928 A. Rose Stage Effects 9 Fig. 4 shows a wind machine, as used in many theatres. It is built up in the form of a paddle-wheel.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio x. 181 A wind machine consists of a weighted piece of heavy canvas hung over a rotating, slatted drum... A wind machine produces just one sound: wind. And the same goes for thunder sheets.
1976 Gramophone Apr. 1611/2 Calling as it does for no fewer than twenty horns.., quadruple woodwind, six trumpets and trombones.., not to mention the windmachine, thunder~machine and numerous other percussion instruments, it is impractical to mount nowadays.
1976 Upper Valley Progress (Mission, Texas) 6 Oct. 10/1 (advt.) With thermal inversion, created by our Tropic Breeze wind machine, crop level temperatures are raised as much as 10 degrees.
wind-motor n. [motor n. 5] a machine deriving its motive power from the force of the wind; esp. of the form of a windmill.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [noun] > by wind
wind-instrument1601
wind-engine1669
wind-machine1746
wind-motor1881
1881 Sir W. Thomson in Nature 8 Sept. 434/2 It is most probable that windmills or wind-motors in some form will again be in the ascendant.
wind-mow n. [mow n.1] dialect one of a number of small ricks in which hay or corn is temporarily stacked in showery weather to be dried by exposure to the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > stooking > stook or cock > stack or rick in field
pike1565
pook1607
wind-cock1610
pout1686
wind-mow1811
peak1953
1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 265 Wind Mows, cocks of a waggon-load or more, into which hay is sometimes put previous to ricking in catching weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > music on specific instrument > [noun] > wind music
wind music1650
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > [noun] > collectively
waits1530
wind music1650
wind1876
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > company of instrumentalists > [noun] > band > type of
waits1298
consort1587
wait player1610
wind music1650
the fiddles1676
military band1775
German band1819
street band1826
brass band1834
promenade band1836
horn-band1849
pipe band1867
wind-band1876
Hungarian band1882
jazz band1916
jazz orchestra1916
big band1919
road band1922
Schrammel quartet1924
showband1926
spasm band1926
dance-band1927
marching band1930
name band1932
ork1933
silver band1933
sweet band1935
Schrammel orchestra1938
pop band1942
jug band1946
steel band1949
rehearsal band1957
skiffle band1957
ghost band1962
support band1969
support group1969
scratch band1982
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis xv. 161 Wind-Musique doth not deform the Visage.
1661 J. Ogilby Relation His Majestie's Entertainm. 16 On the East-side, Winde-Musick.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1662 (1955) III. 347 Instead of the..solemn wind musique accompanying the Organ was introduced a Consort of 24 Violins.
1700 J. Brome Trav. iii. 127 The Statues of two Men playing on Wind-Musick.
1795 Life John Metcalf 109 There being at that time no music in the army except Colonel Howard's, (the Old Buffs) and which being wind music were unaccustomed to country dances.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > air-gun
wind-gun1644
wind-musketa1660
air gun1685
wind-cane1723
air pistol1780
air rifle1801
a1660 T. Powell Humane Industry (1661) 34 Wind-muskets that some have devised to shoot bullets withal.
wind noise n. the sound of the wind against a motor vehicle moving at speed, as heard within the vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [noun] > rushing sound > of wind
hurlinga1398
whoo1842
windiness1879
huffle1889
suffling1904
wind noise1936
1936 Times 19 Oct. 8/4 The car, which has graceful curves and fairings to reduce wind-noise, costs £368.
1984 Buses Aug. 346/2 Only the wind noise through the roof light..gave any indication of our speed.
wind-pinning n. [compare pin v.1 2a, pinning n.2 2a] the filling up of interstices in masonry to keep out the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > other processes
raggling1500
rigalding1688
tailing1700
rusticating1749
rustication1766
knobbling1785
boasting1823
wind-pinning1833
stroking1842
garreting1845
hearting1858
knobbing1875
ripple-flaking1883
retouch1885
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §234 To do all the wind-pinnings (filling in the angle between the wall-plate and the roof).
wind-pole n. [pole n.2] each of two opposite points of the compass taken as the standard ones in relation to the direction of the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > wind from a cardinal point > standard compass points for wind direction
wind-pole1863
1863 R. Fitzroy Weather Bk. 173 Taking, with Dové, north-east and south-west (true) as the ‘wind-poles’.
wind-porch n. a chamber constructed on the inner side of a doorway to keep the wind out.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > entrance-hall or vestibule
fore-entry1535
hall1663
entrance hall1677
side entry1680
tambour1728
vestibule1730
entryway1746
entry hall1753
oeil-de-boeuf1785
voorhuis1822
voorkamer1827
atrium1864
hallway1877
wind-porch1899
mud room1950
1899 Committee's Appeal for Hexham Abbey 6 The old internal wind porch, now used as a press in the vestry.
wind-pouch n. = windbag n. 1d.
ΚΠ
1903 W. H. Pycraft in Knowledge Jan. 2/1 Finally the head is thrown back, and the wind-pouch or air-sac as it is called, is inflated to an enormous size, almost burying the head therein.
wind-pox n. chicken-pox (Billings Med. Dict. 1890).
windproof adj. impervious or resistant to wind; used esp. of outer garments; hence elliptical as n., a windproof garment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [adjective] > protection or proof against something
windproof1616
winterproof1650
burglar-proof1856
hole-proof1913
shatter-proof1936
blast-proof1940
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > made in specific way > other
windproof1616
buckramed1793
made to measure1851
spring weight1869
princess cut1875
mackintoshy1898
Magyar1911
deboned1922
breathable1933
Trubenized1933
preshrunka1963
unconstructed1973
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > manufactured in specific way > water or wind-proofed > article of
waterproof1763
mackintosh1836
dare-all1840
mucking-togs1842
dicky1883
oilskin1884
oily1886
showerproof1887
rainproof1890
mac1901
windproof1937
rain mac1966
foulie1978
1616 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odyssey vi. 341 A shore, wind-proofe, and full of shade.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxvii. 355 I have some eight sledge-loads more to collect before our little home can be called wind-proof.
1923 F. Wild Shackleton's Last Voy. v. 76 Each man was provided with a fur-lined leather cap, heavy pea-jacket, light windproof jacket, a stout pair of trousers.
1937 F. Smythe Camp Six xiv. 150 Too tired..to remove our ice-caked wind~proofs.
1975 E. Hillary Nothing venture, Nothing Win viii. 120 We..crawled out of our tents, dressed in all our warm clothing and windproofs.
1977 Navy News July 16/3 Availability of the windproof jacket will lead to the progressive phasing out of personal greatcoats and over~coats.
wind-pump n. †(a) an air-pump; (b) a pump driven by a wind-wheel (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > air-pump
squirt1598
air pump1653
sucking-pump1660
wind-pump1660
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall Proem 6 The Wind-Pump..is so contriv'd, that to evacuate the Vessel there is requir'd the..labor of two..men.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > a storm > a storm of wind
wind-ræsc950
fuddera1522
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iv. 37 Wind-ræs..michelo windes.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4611 Mid þan wind-ræsen [c1300 Otho bitere reses] al heo gunnen to-reosen.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > rights of gathering or collecting
ware1491
wind-rake1622
wrack1639
floatage1858
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > fruit-picking or harvest > right to windfalls
wind-rake1622
1622 in N. Riding Rec. (1895) New Ser. II. 4 Every Towen or lorshipp that of reighte haith any winderake for there goodes in the forrest.
wind-reef n. U.S. the semblance of a reef on the surface of a river, caused by the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > stretch of broken water
rip1775
wind-reef1875
1875 ‘M. Twain’ in Atlantic Monthly Mar. 288/1 It wasn't a bluff reef... It wasn't anything but a wind reef. The wind does that.
wind-road n. (a) a track or course habitually taken by the wind (nonce-use); (b) a passage for ventilation in a mine (Gresley Gloss. 1883).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > track or course of wind
vein1764
wind-road1860
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > passage, shaft, duct, or pipe > in a mine
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
airway1800
wind-hole1802
air course1814
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
air heading1841
thirl1847
run1849
wind-road1860
wind-way1875
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xii. §551 There are two ‘wind-roads’, crossing this sea.
1902 Daily Chron. 10 Sept. 5/7 Being in the wind road we got a little air.
windrock n. damage to the roots of young plants, caused by the movement of the stem in the wind; also as v. transitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > affect with disease or atmospheric conditions [verb (transitive)]
smut1626
snape1631
blight1695
houseburn1708
rust1759
spur1896
scorch1905
windrock1969
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > damage due to environmental conditions
wind-stroke1657
carbunculation1666
firing1693
fire blast1727
houseburning1757
winter-killing1827
sun scald1850
scalding1865
sunburn1865
wind-blow1921
water stress1922
balling1928
windrock1969
wind-rocking1972
Waldsterben1983
1969 Gloss. for Landscape Work (B.S.I.) v. 19 Wind rock. The loosening of the root ball of a tree or plant through the oscillation of the stem by wind.
1972 S. Emberton Year in Shrub Garden iii. 151 Any plants which have..been wind-rocked..must be staked upright.
1981 S. Buczacki & Harris Collins Guide to Pests of Garden Plants 486 Windrock very commonly occurs on young trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants with a large top in relation to their root system.
wind-rocking n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > damage due to environmental conditions
wind-stroke1657
carbunculation1666
firing1693
fire blast1727
houseburning1757
winter-killing1827
sun scald1850
scalding1865
sunburn1865
wind-blow1921
water stress1922
balling1928
windrock1969
wind-rocking1972
Waldsterben1983
1972 S. Emberton Year in Shrub Garden iii. 181 Roses, bush types—shorten to prevent wind-rocking.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [adjective] > swung at anchor
wind-rode1635
tide-rode1823
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > riding at anchor > swinging
tending1587
wind-rode1635
winding1639
1635 in M. Christy Voy. L. Foxe & T. James (1894) II. 379 The Ship came not to wind-road.
1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services 136 To Ride Wind-rode, is when the Wind hath more power over her in her Riding than the Tide hath.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 302 The ship becomes windroad.
1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 89 To get under Way wind-rode, with a Weather Tide; that is, a tide setting to windward.
wind-scorpion n. = solpugid n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > division Pseudoarachnida > order Solpugida > member of
solpugid1869
sun spider1898
roman1905
wind-scorpion1912
solifugid1925
solifuge1935
wind-spider1959
red man1966
1912 J. H. Comstock Spider Bk. 35 The solpugids are exceedingly agile; on this account they have been called wind-scorpions.
1959 Southwest Rev. 44 137/1 An arachnid frequently, and naturally, confused with the true vinegarone is the solpugid—or wind-scorpion, wind~spider, or sun-spider.
wind shadow n. (a) nonce-use a ripple caused by the wind on water and having the appearance of a shadow running over it; (b) an area behind a moving object where the air is disturbed and its pressure reduced.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [noun] > agitated movement
hurla1400
working1575
purl1650
tottling1864
bobble1880
roil1893
wind shadow1909
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > reduced pressure behind moving object
wind shadow1909
1909 D. H. Lawrence in English Rev. No. 565 I wait for the baby to wander hither to me, Like a wind-shadow wandering over the water.
1931 Flight 25 Dec. 1269/2 He had found that behind the wings of an aeroplane ‘wind shadows’ existed covering a region of reduced pressure.
1977 J. F. Fixx Compl. Bk. Running xvii. 202 It also makes sense to vary your speed in order to take advantage of an opponent's wind shadow.
wind-shaft n. the shaft that carries the sails in a windmill.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail > part supporting or associated with
sail wand1342
sailyard1351
shroud1629
sail-arm1760
whip1760
uplong1819
wind-shaft1825
sail-axle1868
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 123 The other method of bringing the wind-shaft and sails into a position proper for receiving the impression of the wind.
wind shear n. a variation in wind velocity along a direction (usually vertical or horizontal) at right angles to the wind's direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > change of direction
shift1594
wind shear1951
1951 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iii. 36 Wind shear.
1976 Sci. Amer. Nov. 32 For a typical wind shear of one mile per hour per mile of height and an average wind speed of 20 miles per hour, the pattern of fallout 100 miles downwind from ground zero would be about 25 miles wide.
1977 Time 18 Apr. 37/3 ‘Wind shear’, created by colliding air masses, was listed as the probable cause of an Eastern 727's crash while landing.
windship n. a wind-powered ship; a sailing-ship.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
1934 A. J. Villiers (title) Last of the wind ships.
1980 Times 7 Nov. 21/4 Will the rising price of oil bring back the sailing ship—or windship as it is now called—to the trade routes of the world from which it was largely banished a century ago?
1985 Tel. Sunday Mag. 18 Aug. 9/1 At 75 he [sc. Jacques Cousteau] is as lean and as trim as his revolutionary new ‘wind ship’, Alcyone, which he has just sailed successfully—and using less fuel—across the Atlantic.
wind-sight n. a special arrangement of the back-sight of a rifle capable of adjustment to compensate for the effect of wind on the bullet.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > sight > types of
dispart1578
telescopic sight1674
plain sight1686
aim-frontlet1745
hausse1787
foresight1806
gloaming sight1817
night-sight1822
bead1831
leaf1832
backsight1847
globe sight1847
pendulum hausse1850
hindsight1851
tangent scale1859
tangent1861
tangent backsight1862
training pendulum1862
training level1863
peep sight1866
dispart-sight1867
notch sight1867
buck-horn1877
orthoptic1881
aperturea1884
pinball-sighta1884
dispart patch1884
sight bar1884
flap-sight1887
barley-corn1896
ring sight1901
riflescope1902
spotting scope1904
tangent sight1908
Aldis sight1918
wind-sight1923
scope sight1934
gyro-sight1942
1923 R. Kipling Land & Sea Tales 182 Give your wind-sight another three degrees, Walters.
wind-slab n. Mountaineering a thick wind-crust, of a kind liable to slip and create an avalanche; cf. slab avalanche n. at slab n.1 Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > terrain
mauvais pas1816
nose1934
wind-slab1936
letterbox1951
choss1963
traverse line1966
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [adjective] > types of terrain
holdless1922
wind-slab1936
very severe1951
thin1955
chossy1965
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [adjective] > specific types of snow or formation
featheryc1595
encrusted1663
old1856
wind-slab1936
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > a fall of snow > hardened surface of snow > thick
wind-slab1936
1920 A. Lunn in G. W. Young Mountain Craft ix. 431 The wind-slab is the most treacherous of all avalanches.]
1936 E. A. M. Wedderburn Alpine Climbing iv. 51 A form of wind crust is wind slab. As this causes the worst kind of avalanche it is important to detect it. Its surface is smooth and unfortunately often little wind marked and its colour is matt white or yellowish. Wind slab is often found alternating with patches of softer wind marked snow.
1975 E. Hillary Nothing venture, Nothing Win xviii. 286 I had..noticed the debris of two large windslab avalanches nearby.
1978 Y. Chouinard Climbing Ice ii. 40 The wind will also scour ridges and deposit some snow on the lee side; this then becomes an unstable mass called wind slab.
wind-slash n. slash resulting from windthrow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > (area of) destruction of trees by snow or wind
wood-sear1570
snow-break1837
wind-slash1866
windthrow1939
1866 N.Y. Times 13 Apr. All persons having occasion to..start a fire in any old chopping, wind-slash..[etc.] shall give five days' notice.
1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 53 An area upon which the trees have been thrown by the wind…blow down, wind slash.
1971 F. C. Ford-Robertson Terminol. Forest Sci. 244/1 All such material [sc. slash] blown down by wind is termed wind slash.
wind sleeve n. Aeronautics = wind sock n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > wind sock
wind cone1918
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
sock1933
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-sock or -cone
wind cone1918
drogue1919
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
wind-stocking1932
1920 Flight 29 Apr. 470/1 Three wind sleeves have been installed at Lyons (Bron) aerodrome... Two of these ‘sleeves’ are red, and are situated on the western side of the landing-ground.
1939 Air Ann. Brit. Empire 371 Pilots of those days mistrusted a wind sleeve, which was difficult to see.
wind sock n. a cloth cone flown from a mast, esp. on an airfield, to indicate the direction of the wind; = drogue n. 3 (c).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > wind sock
wind cone1918
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
sock1933
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-sock or -cone
wind cone1918
drogue1919
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
wind-stocking1932
1929 E. W. Dickman This Aviation Business 139 It requires more work than to stake out a cow pasture, put up a hangar and wind sock, and announce the opening.
1958 Woman 9 Aug. 31/4 Briony walked..along the sands as far as the wind-sock up on the golf-course.
1979 J. Leasor Love & Land Beyond vi. 88 A wind sock hung limply on a mast.
wind-spider n. = wind-scorpion n. above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > division Pseudoarachnida > order Solpugida > member of
solpugid1869
sun spider1898
roman1905
wind-scorpion1912
solifugid1925
solifuge1935
wind-spider1959
red man1966
1959Wind-spider [see wind-aided adj. at Compounds 1d(a)].
1966 C. Sweeney Scurrying Bush vi. 88 A large solipugid, a very hairy, fast running arachnid that in Africa is often called a ‘hunting spider’ or sometimes a ‘wind spider’.
wind-splitter n. colloquial (chiefly U.S.) something so sharply drawn or so swift as to suggest the notion of splitting the wind; cf. wind-cutter n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > one who or that which moves swiftly
goera1586
fast-goera1628
seven-league boots1707
flyer1795
careerer1844
racehorse1854
pacer1878
spinner1881
running mate1891
wind-splitter1893
speedster1927
swiftie1945
fastie1983
1893 M. A. Owen Voodoo Tales 28 I seed dem ole win'splittehs [sc. long lean hogs].
1900 Daily Express 13 July 6/6 The wind-splitter..keeps up a wonderful pace.
1941 I. L. Idriess Great Boomerang vii. 51 No ‘wind-splitters’ nearly as wide across the hips as the forehead.
wind-splitting adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]
flatc1400
hardc1400
low-cheeredc1400
large?a1425
ruscledc1440
well-visagedc1440
platter-faced1533
well-faced1534
full-faced1543
fair-faced1553
bright-faceda1560
crab-faced1563
crab-snouted1563
crab-tree-faced1563
long-visaged1584
owlya1586
wainscot-faced1588
flaberkin1592
rough-hewn1593
angel-faced1594
round-faced1594
crab-favoured1596
rugged1596
weasel-faced1596
rough-faced1598
half-faced1600
chitty1601
lenten-faced1604
broad-faced1607
dog-faced1607
weaselled-faced1607
wry-faced1607
maid-faced1610
warp-faced1611
ill-faceda1616
lean-faceda1616
old-faceda1616
moon-faced1619
monkey-faced1620
chitty-face1622
chitty-faceda1627
lean-chapt1629
antic-faced1635
bloat-faced1638
bacon-facea1640
blue-faced1640
hatchet-faced1648
grave1650
lean-jawed1679
smock-faced1684
lean-visaged1686
flaber1687
baby-faced1692
splatter-faced1707
chubby1722
puggy1722
block-faced1751
haggard-looking1756
long-faced1762
haggardly1763
fresh-faced1766
dough-faced1773
pudding-faced1777
baby-featured1780
fat-faced1782
haggard1787
weazen-face1794
keen1798
ferret-like1801
lean-cheeked1812
mulberry-faced1812
open-faced1813
open-countenanced1819
chiselled1821
hatchety1821
misfeatured1822
terse1824
weazen-faced1824
mahogany-faced1825
clock-faced1827
sharp1832
sensual1833
beef-faced1838
weaselly1838
ferret-faced1840
sensuous1843
rat-faced1844
recedent1849
neat-faced1850
cherubimical1854
pinch-faced1859
cherubic1860
frownya1861
receding1866
weak1882
misfeaturing1885
platopic1885
platyopic1885
pro-opic1885
wind-splitting1890
falcon-face1891
blunt-featured1916
bun-faced1927
fish-faced1963
1890 Harper's Mag. Dec. 58/2 A tall thinnish man, with..a white wind-splitting face.
1900 Daily Express 13 July 6/6 The ‘wind-splitting train’ was tested over the line between Baltimore and Washington recently.
wind sprint n. Athletics (see quot. 1948).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > training or exercise
road running1908
wind sprint1948
fartlek1952
pickup1960
1948 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training 35 ‘Wind~sprints’..consist of covering one or two laps of the track, and in so doing moving up very gradually from walking or slow running into faster running and then reversing the process, which will be repeated several times.
1981 Northeast Woods & Waters Jan. 19/1 My last 1/ 8 of a mile was done doing wind sprints to help my lungs and heart to weather the beating of what was to come.
wind-stocking n. = wind sock n. above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-sock or -cone
wind cone1918
drogue1919
wind sleeve1920
wind sock1929
wind-stocking1932
1932 D. Garnett Rabbit in Air ii. 60 It seemed to me several points different if judged by the factory smoke than if judged by the wind stocking.
1983 P. Devlin All of us There vii. 78 The wind-stocking fluttering to show pilots which way the wind is blowing.
wind-stream n. an air-stream, esp. the disturbed air in the wake of an aircraft.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air > rush of air caused by moving body > behind moving body
wake1851
wash1910
slipstream1913
wind-stream1929
1929 Oxf. Poetry 1 Let's pick the petals of all joy apart, And launch them uncontrolled on the wind-stream.
1934 Discovery June 155/1 The wind-stream is so powerful that a man could not possibly stand against it.
1954 J. M. M. Fisher & R. M. Lockley Sea-birds v. 127 The oceanic travellers..spend their time making ground by..excursions (by gravitational falls) into the sheltered trough between the crests of the waves, out of the main wind-stream.
1976 A. White Long Silence vii. 59 You don't go out at right angles to the plane or the windstream can spin you.
wind stress n. stress or force due to wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > blowing > violently > stress of wind
wind stress1884
1884 Engineering 5 Sept. 225/1 The position and character of the floor between the girders also materially affect the wind stresses.
1953 Jrnl. Marine Res. 12 249 (heading) Wind stress on an artificial pond.
1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans viii. 272 The sea surface slopes, as happens..under wind stress.
wind-stroke n. a stroke or injury caused or supposed to be caused by the wind (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > damage due to environmental conditions
wind-stroke1657
carbunculation1666
firing1693
fire blast1727
houseburning1757
winter-killing1827
sun scald1850
scalding1865
sunburn1865
wind-blow1921
water stress1922
balling1928
windrock1969
wind-rocking1972
Waldsterben1983
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > other disorders of horses
trench?a1450
colt-evilc1460
affreyd?1523
cholera1566
crick1566
incording1566
leprosy1566
taint1566
eyesore1576
fistula1576
wrench1578
birth1600
garrot1600
stithy1600
stifling1601
stranglings1601
hungry evil1607
pose1607
crest-fall1609
pompardy1627
felteric1639
quick-scab1639
shingles1639
clap1684
sudden taking1688
bunches1706
flanks1706
strangles1706
chest-founderingc1720
body-founder1737
influenza1792
foundering1802
horse-sickness1822
stag-evil1823
strangullion1830
shivering1847
dourine1864
swamp fever1870
African horse sickness1874
horse-pox1884
African horse disease1888
wind-stroke1890
thump1891
leucoencephalitis1909
western equine encephalitis1933
stachybotryotoxicosis1945
rhinopneumonitis1957
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > internal wound
wind-contusion1857
wind-stroke1913
1657 J. Beale Herefordshire Orchards 47 The clay-land binds the tree faster from wind-strokes, the sandy-land hasteneth the growth more.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Wind-stroke, acute spinal paralysis in the horse.
1913 D. Bray Life-hist. Brahui v. 109 Men well stricken in years often suffer from wind-stroke,..a woman sometimes quits her bed after childbirth lamed by the wind in one leg.
wind-swell n. a form of swell in an organ operated by a valve in the wind-trunk.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > swell or swell-box
swell1774
door-swell1852
roof swell1852
Venetian swell1852
wind-swell1852
1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 27 The Wind swell. Here the trunk is provided with a valve of velvet.
wind-taut adj. [ < phr. to hold wind taut] Nautical see quots.; also as n. = condition of being wind-taut.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [adjective] > catching too much wind aloft
wind-tighta1643
wind-taut1644
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > access of wind to sails > catching too much wind
wind-taut1644
wind-lofta1687
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. (at cited word) Any thing that holds wind aloft, which may prejudice the ship saileing or riding, is said to be wind-taught (as too much rigging high roapes, and the like;) Also when we ride in any great stresse, we bring our yards alongst ships, strike downe our top-masts and the like: because they hold wind taught, that is, they hold wind stiffely.
1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 31 Where the Masts, Yards, Sails, and Rigging are great, the Wind~taught of the Ship will correspond, and will require proportionable Cables.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Too much Rigging,..or any thing catching or holding Wind aloft, is said to hold a Ship Wind-taught.
wind-throstle n. = wind-thrush n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Turdus (thrush) > turdus iliacus (redwing)
wing-thrush1544
swinepipe1649
redwing1668
windle1677
winnarda1698
wind-thrusha1705
redwing fieldfare1767
redwing thrush1768
wind-throstle1826
pop1848
whin-thrush1848
Swedish nightingale1879
1826 Sporting Mag. (U.S.) XVII. 199 The wind-throstle or whindle..travels out of the North with the fel-fare.
windthrow n. the uprooting and blowing down of trees by the wind; also (usually attributive) of timber so uprooted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > (area of) destruction of trees by snow or wind
wood-sear1570
snow-break1837
wind-slash1866
windthrow1939
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [adjective] > uprooted by the wind
windthrow1939
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > blowing down by the wind
wind-blow1921
windthrow1939
1939 H. J. Lutz in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 237 392 This investigation was devoted particularly to the influence of tree windthrow on soil morphology.
1953 Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol.: Pt. I (Empire Forestry Assoc.) 147 Windthrow, uprooted by wind; a tree or trees so uprooted. Syn. Windblow.
1966 Brit. Columbia Logging 3/1 They also can sell in their local areas wind-throw timber and stands threatened with destruction by disease or insects.
1981 N.Z. Jrnl. Forestry 26 96 Line transects recording soil depth and percentage windthrow were made through single-aged stands of trees where definite patterns of windthrow occurred.
wind-thrush n. the redwing.
ΚΠ
1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 83 Turdus Illas..the Wind-Thrush.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Thrush Wind-Thrush, a Bird so call'd because it comes in high Winds into England, in the beginning of Winter.
wind-tie n. = wind-brace n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > piece which connects rafters
coupling1577
wind-tie1873
wind-brace1889
1873 T. Cargill Strains Bridge Girders 186 Roofs, if they be thoroughly well secured by wind-ties.
wind-trunk n. a large tube (usually of wood) in an organ or similar instrument, through which the wind passes from the bellows to the wind-chest.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > conducting pipe
port-vent1728
conveyance1840
trunk1852
wind-trunk1858
1858 J. Baron Scudamore Organs 61 The essential parts of an organ are a set of keys,..a bellows, a windtrunk, a windchest with its soundboard, and the pipes.
wind tunnel n. a tunnel-like apparatus for producing an air-stream of known velocity past models of aircraft, buildings, etc., in order to investigate flow or the effect of wind on the full-size object; also attributive, transferred, and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > aerodynamics > wind tunnels
air tunnel1805
tunnel1911
wind tunnel1911
wind-channel1918
smoke tunnel1931
spinning tunnel1934
hotshot1957
1911 Aeronaut. Jrnl. Oct. 53 The planes were tested in a ‘wind tunnel’.
1911 Aeronaut. Jrnl. Oct. 62 Wind tunnel experiments.
1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 19/1 Extensive wind-tunnel research has been carried out to find the best cross-section shape of wings.
1933 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 37 36 The aerodynamic characteristics were observed on a model of the airship in a wind tunnel.
1961 L. Mumford City in Hist. (1966) x. 355 Not by accident did the medieval townsman, seeking protection against winter wind, avoid creating such cruel wind~tunnels as the broad, straight street.
1970 New Scientist 23 July 194/2 Wind-tunnel tests..establish airflow patterns over ships.
1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Dec. 1410/5 The Weimar Republic was above all a testing time, part of that great German wind tunnel in which ideas and principles, standards and personalities were subjected to the gale of history.
1983 Aviation News 8 Sept. 339/1 To compare inflight data with wind tunnel data for the same aircraft.
1985 Times 1 Mar. 3/3 The ultimate aim was C15, in every way a family car, using a very streamlined body already being tested in a wind tunnel.
wind turbine n. a turbine driven by wind; an apparatus designed to generate electricity when a large vaned wheel is rotated by the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > other turbines
water turbine1859
impulse turbine1880
wind turbine1909
impulse-reaction turbine1929
pump-turbine1934
1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 203/1 A small petrol or oil engine as a standby to be used when there is insufficient wind to drive the wind-turbine.
1946 A. Huxley Let. 5 Nov. (1969) 557 I gather that the experimental wind turbine which has been producing fifteen hundred kilowatts in Maine has proved entirely satisfactory.
1982 Daily Tel. 17 Nov. 1/6 A £650,000 wind turbine machine..was switched on yesterday by Sir Walter Marshall, chairman of the Central Electricity Generating Board.
wind-vane n. (a) the sail of a windmill (= vane n. 3a); (b) a weathercock (= vane n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail
sailc1440
wing1484
ventaila1529
vane1581
sweep1702
arm1724
windsail1725
wind-vane1725
swift1763
wan1767
flyer1790
van1837
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock
cock?a1300
weathercocka1300
fanec1386
vane1425
fan?a1500
thane1570
weather-flag1611
eagle-cock1694
girella1720
weathervane1721
dogvane1769
weather-fane1773
girouette1822
wind-vane1858
pendant1860
wind-cock1920
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Wind-mil That it may, swivel-like, turn any way, as you turn your wind Vanes.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xx. 228 The imbecile Arran could play no part but that of the wind-vane marking the changes in the air-currents.
wind-vanner n. see wind-fanner n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco tinnunculus (kestrel)
stanielc825
kestrel14..
stanchel?a1513
mollec1535
windfucker1599
stonegall1602
fleingall1608
fuckwind1611
scamela1616
furze-kite1635
wind-vanner1668
windhover1674
keelie1808
standgale1840
fanner1875
stand hawk1878
1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 64 Accipiter Tinnunculus,..the Wind-vanner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > ventilation opening or hole
breathinga1387
suspiralc1430
breathing hole?1440
wind-ventc1450
air hole1601
spiracle1620
ventage1623
spirament1654
wind-hole1683
spiraculuma1734
blowhole1858
c1450 in Archaeologia (1902) 58 302 The firste wynde went closid in ston.
1562 Lawes of Markette sig. Biv No man shall..destroy anye Pypes, Sesperalls, or wynde Uents pertaynynge to the Condytte.
wind-way n. (a) a ventilating passage in a mine, an air-way; (b) the narrow slit in an organ pipe through which the wind strikes upon the lip so as to make the pipe speak; also in a woodwind instrument; (c) access of the wind to a sailing vessel so as to give her freedom of passage (cf. way n.1 11).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > access of wind to sails
wind-way1875
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind as means of propulsion > access of wind to vessel
wind-way1875
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > passage, shaft, duct, or pipe > in a mine
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
airway1800
wind-hole1802
air course1814
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
air heading1841
thirl1847
run1849
wind-road1860
wind-way1875
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > associated parts
fipple1626
wind-way1875
staple1880
pirouette1891
plaque1940
windcap1940
tongue1953
scrape1954
reed-cap1960
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pipe > other parts of pipes
tongue1551
mouth1727
lip1728
reed1728
wind-cuttera1834
labium1847
beak1852
beard1852
underlip1852
wedge1852
body tube1854
plate-of-wind1875
wind-way1875
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Wind-way (Mining), a passage for air.
1876 J. Hiles Catech. Organ (1878) iv. 24 Between the language and the lips [of an organ-pipe] is a narrow slit or wind-way for the current of air to pass from the foot to the body of the pipe.
1887 Daily News 28 Sept. 3/1 Leaving the water very choppy for the Thistle and stopping her wind-way.
1959 A. Rowland-Jones Recorder Technique iii. 30 The wind-way of a recorder is formed by the insertion of an incised plug..into the blown end of the tube, which is generally made beak-shaped (whence ‘Flûte à bec’) to fit between the lips.
1979 Early Music 7 365/1 It is also possible to wash the windway with water and washing-up liquid... This is recommended for very dirty or mouldy windways.
wind-wheel n. a wheel turned by the wind to drive some mechanism, as in a windmill or wind-pump.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > other parts of windmill
rown-wheel1688
stair-tree1688
tail1712
roundhouse1772
wind-wheel1867
windmill-cap1875
tail-box1895
quant1924
tail-pole1945
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > other wheels
well wheel1535
rundle1611
rown-wheel1688
walking wheel1730
side wheel1731
tirl1793
rigger1797
idle wheel1805
vane1842
Gypsy1850
air wheel1860
wind-wheel1867
sprocket1879
friction-wheel1888
Geneva wheel1891
idler1899
1867 A. Barry Life & Wks. Sir C. Barry iii. 76 A horizontal wind-wheel for raising water.
1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd iii. iii. 109 A fire is lit Near to the Thonberg wind-wheel.
wind wing n. U.S. †an adjustable glass ventilation panel attached to the side of the windscreen of a motor vehicle (obsolete); a small ventilation window or quarterlight on a motor vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > types of window
side glass1679
wind wing1934
quarter-light1938
1933 Automobile Trade Jrnl. Nov. 52/1 Such items as windshield wings, either as a part of or separate from front door windows [etc.].]
1934 J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice ii. 7 About three o'clock a guy came along that was all burned up because somebody had pasted a sticker on his wind wing. I had to go in the kitchen to steam it off for him.
1951 R. Chandler in Gardiner & Walker R. Chandler Speaking (1962) 110 It sounded like old Simpson's Chevvy... He could tell by the broken windwing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > process or function of
wind-work1581
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions x. 55 The exercise of the voice..aideth..and comforteth the lunges in his windworke.
Derivatives
windlet n. a light puff of wind.
ΚΠ
1914 H. D. Shawcross Nature & Idealist 52 A calm level sea, broken by zephyr-like windlets into a myriad wrinkled ripples.
Draft additions January 2011
like the wind: very quickly, with great haste. Frequently in to run like the wind.
ΚΠ
1583 R. P. tr. P. de la Sierra Second Pt. Myrror of Knighthood f. 136v He spurred his Cornerino with great furie, that he made him runne like the winde.
1652 tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote (new ed.) x. f. 154v At one spring shee hath leapt over the crupper, and without spurs makes the Hackney runne like a Musk-Cat, and her Damzels come not short of her; for they flie like the winde.
1724 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. I. 62 Away he run, like the Wind, guessing, as we suppos'd that something was catch'd in the Trap.
1822 T. L. Beddoes in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. (1823) Dec. 727 Ride like the wind, Fetch him the aid of medicine.
1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh xi We went like the wind over the hollows in the snow;—the driver called them ‘thank-you-ma'ams’, because they made everybody bow.
1925 Amer. Speech 1 149/2 A mustang, when startled, erects his tail in a sudden, quick gesture and runs like the wind.
1993 A. Higgins Lions of Grunewald iii. 25 Parked not far away was her wasp-yellow Karman Ghia which Lore drove like the wind down the Kurfüsterndamm to an all-night bar.
2007 Independent 12 May (Mag.) 39/1 I desperately wanted to..climb on board a sleek machine and fly like the wind.
Draft additions September 2017
wind-felled adj.
ΚΠ
lOE Laws: Rectitudines (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 452 Wuduwearde gebyreð ælc windfylled treow.
1893 J. M. Crawford tr. Industries of Russia I. 122 The transport takes place in summer through unfrequented, roadless places often encumbered with wind-felled trees and other timber.
1964 Scots Mag. Apr. 26/2 There was a wind-felled pine beside the burn.
2010 L. McDougall Self-reliance Manifesto 160 During stormy weather, weakened wind-felled trees can block roads, knock down power lines, strand travelers and cut off entire communities for days at a time.
Draft additions December 2021
Wind as a source of energy from which electricity for domestic or industrial use is generated; (also) the electricity generated from this.
ΚΠ
1977 G. O. Kevorkov Solar heated Houses in Canada (M. Arch. thesis, McGill Univ.) 5 A total of $4.4 million in increased expenditures for renewable energy—including solar, wind, biomass and heat pumps—are part of 1977–78 $10 million increase in federal energy research and development spending.
2010 Engin. News-Record (Nexis) 17 May 12 Once the projects are developed, they will offer 30% more capacity than their onshore wind counterparts, and they will supply wind to the electricity grid during peak loads.
2017 New Scientist 17 June 5/4 By lunchtime on 7 June, wind, solar, hydro and wood pellet burning were for the first time supplying more than half the UK's electricity needs, at 50.7 per cent of the total.
Draft additions October 2021
wind park n. an installation devoted to the generation of electricity using wind energy, and typically having multiple wind turbines; cf. wind farm n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > generator > [noun] > using wind-power > group of
wind farm1980
wind park1980
1980 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 2 Nov. k3/1 Southern California Edison Co...is seeking private investors for joint development of ‘wind parks’ to generate electricity from this form of energy.
2014 Daily Tel. 7 Feb. 11/3 Officials behind the project will remove 24 of the 218 turbines that were closest to land. This will mean the wind park will be one mile further south from the Dorset coast.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
windn.2
/wʌɪnd/, U.S. /waɪnd/ 1. An apparatus for winding (see wind v.1 19), a winch or windlass. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan
windas1293
wind1399
windlassc1400
fern1546
stow?1549
capstock1551
winch1577
draw-beam1585
wind-beam1585
winder1585
capstring1609
crab1627
guindall1628
gin1632
Jack1686
screw engine1688
twirl1688
moulineta1706
jack roll1708
wind-lifta1734
whim1738
stowce1747
whim-engine1759
macaroni gin1789
whimsy1789
winze1839
jack roller1843
wink1847
winding engine1858
fusee-windlass1874
come-along1891
1399 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/473/11) m. 2 dorso Reddit compotum de vna Machina vocata Wynde [etc.].
1538–9 in Archaeologia (1871) 43 211 j olde wynde for stone.
1568 in Coventry Corpus Christi Plays App. ii. 101 Payd for a cord for the wynde ij s. vj d.
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 9 Within two foot of the bottome of the Rod there was a hole made, for to put in a winde, to turne with a barrell, to gather up his Line, and loose at his pleasure.
1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Midland Counties II. 445 Wind.., a winch, or wince.
1851 T. Sternberg Dial. & Folk-lore Northants. Wynd, a winch.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Wind. 1. A hand-windlass or jack-roll... 4. A steam-engine used purposely for lowering and raising men in an engine pit or pumping-shaft.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [noun] > creeping, climbing, or spiring > creeping or climbing plant
wind1538
clamberer1597
creeper1626
winder1626
climber1640
convolvula1675
vine1708
runner1731
parasite1813
groundling1822
twiner1830
scrambler1902
1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Convolvvlvs The comon bynde, aut The lytell wynde.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 141 Of the smooth Smilax or great arbor wynde.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 141 I neuer sawe anye kinde of wynde, or wyth winde, or arbor winde, haue anye suche cod.
1576 M. de L'obel Plantarum Hist. 340 Smilax lauis maior.. Angl. Byndweedt & winde.
3. An act or instance of winding; curved or twisted form; technical bend or twist (cf. wind v.1 5b), esp. in out of wind, not twisted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun]
curvation?a1425
curvity?a1425
curvaturea1460
bent1541
bend1597
curvedness1598
flexure1628
incurvation1647
compassedness1652
deflexure1656
flexion1656
curvilinearity1756
deflection1821
wind1825
inflection1837
the world > space > shape > straightness > [phrase] > not twisted
out of winding1711
out of wind1825
out of twist1854
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 586 If the two edges and his eye be not in one plane, the upper parts are planed down until the piece is said to be out of wind.
1859 E. Capern Ballads & Songs (new ed.) 137 The vermeil-beaded bryony, In many a graceful wind.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Twist.., the wind of the bed-joint of each course of voussoirs in a skew arch.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words at Wynd On the wynd = warped or twisted. Applied to boards or planks.
1896 Archaeol. Jrnl. 53 52 There is never any trace of wind on them [sc. Da. knife-blades], although occasionally they may not lie quite flat.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
windv.1
/wʌɪnd/, U.S. /waɪnd/ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and suddenly
windc897
shootc1000
smite?c1225
flatc1300
lash13..
girda1400
shock?a1400
spara1400
spritc1400
whipc1440
skrim1487
glance1489
spang1513
whip1540
squirt1570
flirt1582
fly1590
sprunt1601
flame1633
darta1640
strike1639
jump1720
skite1721
scoot1758
jink1789
arrow1827
twitch1836
skive1854
sprint1899
skyhoot1901
catapult1928
slingshot1969
book1977
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 167 Sio æcs wient of ðæm hielfe.
993 Battle of Maldon 322 Oft he gar forlet wælspere windan on þa wicingas.
OE Beowulf 212 Streamas wundon, sund wið sande.
OE Beowulf 1119 Wand to wolcnum wælfyra mæst.
OE Judith 110 Sloh ða eornoste ides ellenrof oðre siðe þone hæðenan hund, þæt him þæt heafod wand forð on ða flore.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 218 Þe sparke þe wint up ne bringeð naut anan richt þe hus alon leie. ach lið & kecheð mare fur.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13999 [Ich] smæt of Modred is hafd þat hit wond [c1300 Otho wefde] a þene ueld.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13706 Stanes heo letten seoððen sturnliche winden [c1300 Otho winde].
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 6320 Þe launce..ran þurch þe hors bihinde; King & hors adoun gan winde.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 3096 Boþe bifore & eke bihinde, Þe blod gan out fast winde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 8968 Prophecy..ho talde..of domys-day. how al þis werlde sal winde a-way.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 530 & þus ȝirneȝ þe ȝere in ȝisterdayeȝ mony, & wynter wyndez [MS reads wyndeȝ] aȝayn, as þe worlde askeȝ.
a. Of living things: To go on one's way, take oneself; to proceed, go. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
a1000 Boeth. Metr. xxiv. 10 Meahtes ofer rodorum gereclice feðerum lacan, feor up ofer wolcnu windan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12747 Ankeres heo up droȝen..Wunden in-to widen sæ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10387 Þat we mosten ouer sæ winden [c1300 Otho wende] mid seile.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4136 His bodi was biried wið angeles hond, Ðer non man siðen it ne fond, In-to lef reste his sowle wond.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9152 Hors wel gode chepe þai founde & anon in þe sadel wounde.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. (Ashm.) 3325 Vp to þe souerayne sege with Septour he wyndis.
c1400 Rom. Rose 2056 For thee so sore I wole now bynde, That thou away ne shalt not wynde.
a1500 Coventry Corpus Christi Plays i. 168 Now to Bedlem must I wynde.
?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Bijv With huffa galand synge tyrll on the bery, And let the wyde worlde wynde.
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 1813 Such as walke in their wickednes and winde on with the world.
1579 E. Hake Newes out of Powles Churchyarde newly Renued sig. A7 And boughing Curs that barck and winde away.
1587 A. Day Longus's Daphnis & Chloe sig. M1v Phœbe being by this time wounde into the highest skies.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 266 Least she [sc. the spider] should wind downe in vaine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. iii. 93 But winde away, bee gone I say. View more context for this quotation
b. reflexive in same sense; also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]
wendeOE
meteOE
drawc1175
flitc1175
do?c1225
kenc1275
teemc1275
movec1300
graitha1325
dightc1330
redec1330
windc1330
yieldc1330
dressa1375
raikc1400
winc1400
pass?a1425
get1492
tirec1540
flitch?1567
frame1576
betake1639
rely1641
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15843 He..So queyntely aboute hym wond, Þe kynges court at ȝork he fond.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3645 Into the tent he him wond.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giiiv Wynde you from wanhope and aquaynte you with me.
c1580 tr. Bugbears iv. iv, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 39 Then best I stand not thus..and tel a tale to the wynd, but wynd me streight about it.
c. intransitive. Of a way: To ‘go’ somewhere. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > go or lead (of a road or path) [verb (intransitive)]
golOE
leadc1175
winda1555
strike1585
bound1590
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 1816 The multitude goeth the wideway which windeth to woe.
3. transitive.† b. To haul, hoist, lift. Obsolete.
a. To wield (a weapon, an implement). Obsolete or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)]
wind993
wieldOE
aweldc1175
bewieldc1200
demeanc1300
use1340
plya1393
governc1405
exercite1475
apply1531
manage1590
sway1609
manipulate1834
wage1836
993 Battle of Maldon 43 Byrhtnoð..bord hafenode, wand wacne æsc.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1722 in Poems (1981) 68 Sum the pleuch can wynd.
1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough xx. 138 The Handle..on the which the Plough-man holding his hand by winding and wilding the same, turneth the Soole.
1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving iii. i. 38 How to winde it [sc. a rapier] about when I salute.
1632 G. Hughes Saints Losse 46 Thou canst not hand before the enemy, nor wind a weapon for thy defence.
a1849 J. Keegan Legends & Poems (1907) 250 Raising aloft the heavy iron spade, I wound it with all my strength.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > hoist
heave971
lifta1300
to set upa1300
lift1362
raisec1384
weigh1421
horsea1500
hawsec1500
heeze1513
hoise1548
hoist1548
wind1577
to work upc1610
hist1707
c1400 Sege Jerus. (1891) 281 Fresch water & wyn wounden þu faste & stof of alle maner store.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus i. xvi, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 241 By the deuine prouidence of God the pilloure is winded vp in the ayer, ouer the foundacion.
1633 C. Farewell East-India Colation 45 [The Elephant] taking his meat with the end thereof, and winding it vp, (or vnder rather) to his mouth, so eates it.
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis Pref. The Proboscis of an Elephant, whereby he..winds the Grass in great quantities..into his Mouth.
4. intransitive. To turn this way and that; to writhe, wriggle. Obsolete exc. dialect.In Old English apparently only contextual use of 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > writhing or twisting movement > writhe or twist [verb (intransitive)]
wendOE
throwOE
to-writhec1000
windc1000
wrenchc1050
writhec1300
wrenka1400
wrestle?a1400
chervec1440
wring1470
wrele1513
wriggle1573
wrincha1625
curla1637
twingle1647
twine1666
twirl1706
retort1720
the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > have series of curves [verb (intransitive)] > have many or winding curves
wryc1374
cramble1570
wind1666
serpentine1767
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 414 He wand þa swa swa wurm.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2850 Doð [heom] up an waritreo þer-on heo scullen winden [c1300 Otho hongy].
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 246 Thou art so loothly and so oold also..That litel wonder is thogh I walwe and wynde.
1421 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 509 In peynes sharpe y walwe & wynde.
1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding §165 Thus did I wind and twine and shrink under the burthen.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. (at cited word) I had a terrible poor night surely, I did turn and wind so.
5. † a. transitive. To put into a curved or twisted form or state; to bend; to twist; to wring. Obsolete.For earlier quots. see wounden adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)] > twist spirally
writheOE
wethe1398
wind1398
withe1398
turna1450
cralla1475
twirk1599
twirla1625
twire1628
twist1714
wisp1753
twistle1788
twizzle1788
screw1834
twistify1835
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing clothes and textile articles > wash clothes [verb (transitive)] > wring
wringc1300
to wring outa1400
wind1624
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xviii. d v b/1 A gristylbone set in ye eere [i.e. the cochlea],..wounde [L. tortuosum] & wrapped as a wyspe.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) v. xxv Beestes þt foldeþ and windeþ ham silfe rounde as a ryng haue none necke distingued frame þe body.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xxvii. 161 Whyle an hooke [= oak] is a yonge Spyre, hit may be wonde into a wyth.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. at Topiarium Lyke trees or thornes that be flexible, or wyll be wounden.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 330 Growing vpon small stalkes that are winded or turned two or three tymes.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. 126 They would winde her neck behinde her, like a chicken [It. le torcerebbono il collo].
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie vi. v. 269 An ancient ornament of the head,..[called] a Torce..: Nempè quia torquetur, because it is wound [1632 woond] or twisted.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. ii. 111 The figure of a sturdie woman, washing and winding of linnen clothes.
b. intransitive. To take or have a bent form; now only dialect or technical of a board, door, etc., to be twisted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > be or become curved or bent [verb (intransitive)]
beyc888
bowOE
fold13..
crumpc1325
windc1374
courbe1377
curb1377
plyc1395
bend1398
ploy?1473
bowl1513
bought1521
tirve1567
crookle1577
crook1579
compass1588
round1613
incurvate1647
circumflex1661
arcuate1678
to round off1678
sweep1725
curve1748
curvaturea1811
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > lose shape or become misshapen [verb (intransitive)] > become distorted > become twisted and bent
warpc1440
wind1711
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 257 The yerde is bet þat bowen wole and wynde Þan þat þat brest.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Vimen, roddes, which wyll wynde lyghtly, wherof baskettes are made.
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 165 Winding, when the Plank or Timber's Side or Edge is not upon a direct Plan, but seemingly twists.
1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms (E.D.S.) at Wind A board shrunk or swell'd, so as to be uneven, is said to wind; and when it is brought straight again, it is said to be out of winding.
1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 82 A board is said to wind or wynd, when the two opposite corners..are lower than the other two.
6.
a. reflexive. = 7a, 2b archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > writhing or twisting movement > writhe or twist [verb (reflexive)]
winda1400
wring1548
writhe?1569
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (reflexive)] > move in winding course
winda1400
twist1635
zigzag1821
angle1863
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6540 He ne wist queþer it bettur war To turn or winde him forþar mare.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. (Ashm.) 3631 Þai [sc. elephants] wend þai ware wees & wyndis þaim agayn.
1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 26 When the Ele [= eel] had led the Dolphin into shallow places she wound hir selfe into the mudde.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. x. 541 A little infant winding it selfe and making prettie means to creepe unto the mothers pap.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 206 It posted away with such speed, and turn'd and winded it self so quick, that I should presently lose sight of it.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 42 The serpent is a slippery creature, soon winding himself in and out.
1700 J. Brome Trav. ii. 104 Abington, to which the River Isis, after it hath winded it self a long way about in a crooked Channel, makes its near approaches.
1723 D. Waterland 2nd Vindic. Christ's Divinity Pref. 14 He endeavors to wind and turn Himself every way to evade its Force.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 110 Glad I wind me down the lane.
b. transitive. To turn; to cause to move in a curve. Also absol. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > cause to move sideways [verb (transitive)]
wind13..
sidle1779
sidestep1905
side-slip1906
crab1929
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement in circle or curve > cause to move in circle or curve [verb (transitive)] > cause to move in curve
wind1598
swing1819
sweep1845
13.. Somer Soneday v, in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 8 With a wonderful whel that worthi wyth wond.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 529/1 Wyndyn', or turnyn' a-bowte, giro, verto.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xi. 25 The tortuse [and]..the Crane, whiche..wynde their hede here and there as a vane.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 110 As if an Angel drop down from the clouds, To turne and wind a fiery Pegasus. View more context for this quotation
1614 D. Dyke Myst. Selfe-deceiuing xv. 175 Let the Serpent but winde in his head.
1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. x. 177 As Camell..Doth eu'rie way his small head nimbly winde.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 199 Having so small..a body..upon such long leggs, it is quickly able so to wind, and turn it, as to see any thing distinct.
1757 J. Dyer Fleece ii. 70 Or where the Lune or Coker wind their streams.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 184 The young nobles..turning and winding their fiery horses.
7.
a. intransitive. To move in a curve; to turn, esp. in a specified direction. Obsolete except as implied in 2b, 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)]
charec1000
stintc1330
turnc1330
to turn awaya1382
windc1385
casta1475
rebatea1500
strike1576
to cast about1591
veer1769
to come around1797
twist?1801
vert1859
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement in circle or curve > move in a circle or curve [verb (intransitive)] > move in curve
windc1385
sweep1725
rip1798
swing1810
swipe1825
scythe1897
arc1954
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > make curved course
windc1385
wheel1600
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 818 Whan that this lyonesse hath dronke hire fille, A-boute the welle gan sche for to wynde.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. v. 67 As whele wyndiþ aboute [L. in se volvitur et revolvitur] and meoueþ alway aboute in certein [emended in ed. to centre], so angelis..meuyth aboute þing þat longiþ to God.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 174 To..gallop and amble, to run a race, to wind in compasse, and so foorth.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. i. 32 It is a Creature that I teach to fight, To winde, to stop, to run directly on. View more context for this quotation
1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 326 Winding about [It. torcendo] on the left hand towards the gates Cantimper and Selle, he came before them.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 89 We went winding now from the S.E. to the Left, 'till our Course looked E. by N.
b. To move along in a sinuous course; to go or travel along, up, down, etc. a path or road which turns this way and that.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)] > move in winding course
to turn and winda1398
wreathea1500
twine1553
indent1567
virea1586
crank1594
to dance the hay or hays1600
maze1605
serpent1606
to indent the way1612
cringlea1629
indenture1631
circumgyre1634
twist1635
glomerate1638
winda1682
serpentine1767
meander1785
zigzag1787
zag1793
to worm one's way1822
vandyke1828
crankle1835
thread the needle1843
switchback1903
rattlesnake1961
zig1969
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) x. 165 How the Jordan passed or winded,..is a point too old for Geography to determine.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 31 Here wanton Mincius windes along the Meads, And shades his happy Banks with bending Reeds.
1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 102 The External Air..will go winding thro' the Cavities.
1751 T. Gray Elegy i. 5 The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea.
1789 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) V. 64 It made me..tired to wind up the flight of stairs.
1859 J. R. Green Oxf. Stud. (O.H.S.) 24 Long processions of pilgrims wound past the Jewry to the shrine of Saint Frideswide.
1863 C. Reade Hard Cash xxx Making a sudden turn, [he] dived into a street, then into a passage, and so winded and doubled till he got to a small public-house.
1905 F. Treves Other Side of Lantern (1906) ii. ii. 36 A train of donkeys winding along among the hansoms.
c. transferred. Of a line, road, or the like: To have a curved (esp. a sinuous) course; to lie or extend in a curve or succession of curves. †Formerly also of an object: To have a curved or sinuous form.
ΚΠ
1555 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 184 Garded with a gard of oken leaves gold and greene sylke wyndinge lyke a wrethe embrodred vpon redd silke.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 345/2 Lituus,..a writhen or crooked trumpet winding in and out.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) i. xi. 58 The passage to mount vp was very wide and great, winding about on the outside.
1635 T. Jackson Humiliation Sonne of God viii. xxviii. §4 The crooked paths which winde to cursednesse and malediction.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 545 A Rock Of Alablaster, pil'd up to the Clouds,..winding with one ascent Accessible from Earth. View more context for this quotation
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. v Where this valley winded out, below, The murmuring main was heard..to flow.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxvi. 43 Still onward winds the dreary way. View more context for this quotation
1896 S. Baring-Gould Broom-squire xvii The path winded in and out among the grave~stones.
d. with adverbial accusative, or transitive with obj. (one's or its) way, etc.
ΚΠ
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 563 He..windes..his oblique way Amongst innumerable Starrs. View more context for this quotation
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 17 A rivulet that..wound its silent way beneath the shades it reflected.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. ix. 238 The mole..winds not his dark subterranean path beneath our feet the less certainly.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. v. 101 The slow pace at which we wound our way through the colony.
1887 L. Oliphant Episodes 281 A funeral procession, winding its solemn way to the cemetery.
1922 A. E. Housman Last Poems xli Content..to wind the measures [= dances].
e. transitive. To traverse in a curved or sinuous course; also transferred of a path, as in sense 7c. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement of [verb (transitive)] > traverse in winding course
wind1648
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 90 We had not winded the mountain upwards much above a mile.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 480 He winds the Wood.
1743 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes (new ed.) I. i. xxxiii. 22 Though fiercer she than waves that roar, Winding the rough Calabrian shore.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 202 Sweet it is to wind the rill, Sweet with thee to climb the hill.
1906 Daily Chron. 20 Aug. 4/4 Wherever a river winds a valley.
f. To lead or cause to flow in a curved or sinuous course.
ΚΠ
1921 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Sept. 577/2 Who will, may have his ferme ornée, lay out his walks and wind his waters.
8. Nautical.
a. intransitive. Of a ship: To turn in some direction; e.g. to swing round when at anchor; to lie with her head towards a particular point of the compass (esp. in how wind you?, how does the ship wind?).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > turn in a particular direction
wendc1325
wind1613
to wind up1633
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > change direction > turn or bend > bend or wind
twine1553
crankle1598
crinklea1600
creek1610
straggle1612
wind1613
serpentize1699
wander1747
serpentine1767
meander1785
zigzag1787
serpentinize1791
twister1872
snake1875
twist1879
1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 44 She came to an anckor so neare ahead of vs as we could scarse wynd cleare one of the other.
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 115 When they are under saile, they use to aske, how winds the ship, that is, vpon what point of the Compasse doth she lie with her head.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 18 How Wind you? N.N.E. thus werr no more; no near, keep her full.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Cap Ou as-tu le Cap? how is the head? how does the ship wind?
1798 P. Revere Let. in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1816) 1st Ser. V. 107 It was then young flood, the ship was winding, and the moon was rising.
1830 F. Marryat King's Own II. xi. 147 One of the cutters has winded..; she's stretching out for the shore.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 607 We backed out, winded round head up.
b. transitive. To turn (a vessel) about (about v.1) or in some particular direction. See also 19b(b), to wind up 7 at Phrasal verbsApparently a substitution for wend v.1 7b, 7a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > turn in specific direction
wind1623
cramp1875
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > cause to go about
wend1556
to put about1607
wind1623
staya1625
about1694
cast1769
1623 High Court of Admiralty Exam. (MS.) 10 Sept. 44 She was not quicke of steeridge nor easye to be turned or winded.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vi. 27 Winde the Boat is to bring her head the other way.
a1668 W. Davenant Wks. (1673) i. 292 Alee, or we sink! Does no man know to wind her!
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 213 Mr. Sawbridge..winded the boats with their heads the same way.
9. transitive and intransitive. In the management of horses in the yoke: To turn to the left, or towards the driver: opposed to hap v.4, hup vb. at hup int. Derivatives. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (intransitive)] > drive horse-drawn vehicle > turn horse to specific side
winda1745
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a horse-drawn vehicle > direct horses in specific way
hap1723
winda1745
hup1823
gee1845
a1745 W. Meston Poems (1767) 16 (Jam.) But he could make them turn or veer, And hap or wynd them by the ear.
1794 W. Scott Let. 5 Sept. (1932) I. 36 In carters phrase [she] would neither hap nor wynd till she got rid of him.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 201 A feckless loon..had catched twa dragoon naigs, and he could neither gar them hup nor wind.
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 i. 125 To plough three 12-yard ridges by winding, or turning to the left hand.
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 i. 125 By laying two ridges (24 yards) together at each of these, marking and winding out the intermediate spaces, there will only be one open furrow every 60 yards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull > with a twisting movement
windc1400
wrench1697
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > forcibly
halec1275
hurlc1305
ruga1325
windc1400
lugc1540
haul1581
pully-haul1839
snake1856
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > with a twisting movement
wrest1297
winda1513
wrench1582
c1400 Rom. Rose 1810 But euere the heed was left bihynde For ought I couthe pulle or wynde.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccix. f. cxxx By cruel deth, As wyndynge theyr guttes out of theyr bodyes.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xi. lxviii. 209 He stroue in haste the weapon out to winde: And broke the reed, but left the head behinde.
11. † b. To draw, bring, or involve (a person) in, attract into, by alluring or enticing methods. Obsolete.† c. To bring (a thing) in by insinuating methods. Obsolete.† d. With out: To draw out, extricate, disentangle. Obsolete.† e. To circulate, put in circulation (money or merchandise): usually in turn and wind. Obsolete.
a. In immaterial sense: To turn or deflect in a certain direction; esp. to turn or lead (a person) according to one's will; also to turn and wind (see turn v. Phrases 3b). Now rare or Obsolete. †to wind up and down: to revolve in the mind. †to wind off: to turn aside. to wind about: to use circumlocution with (cf. 12).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] > revolve in mind
to wind up and downc1374
wallowa1387
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > wind around
bewindc1200
to wind about1586
circumplicate1623
wreathe1718
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement of [verb (transitive)] > cause to deviate from course
charec1000
wrencha1200
turnc1275
to turn againc1330
swerve1390
wrya1400
reflectc1425
traverse1438
to turn aside1535
deduce1541
divert1548
to turn off1573
wrig1582
react1599
deflect1615
slent1639
decline1646
deviate1660
to wind off1677
sway1678
warp1814
switch1861
baffle1883
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > express by periphrasis > use circumlocution with
to wind about1753
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 601 Criseyde..euery word gan vp and down to wynde That he hadde seyd as it come here to mynde.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 85 She is the clerenesse and the verray lyght That in this derke worlde me wynt and ledyth.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. Q1v To admonish you..to his..timely looking to, to winde him from that.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. D4v To be speculatiue into another man, to the end to know how to worke him, or winde him, or gouerne him. View more context for this quotation
1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. sig. Cv Wee will turne her, and winde her, and make her so plyant that we will drawe her thorugh a wedding ring yfaith.
1673 J. Milton True Relig. in Wks. (1851) V. 414 An ordinary Protestant, well read in the Bible, may turn and wind their Doctors.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 298 Socrates windes off his Audience from the curiose prying into the Nature.
1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body ii. i. 24 These flattering fops imagine they can Wind, Turn, and Decoy to Love, all woman-kind.
1713 T. Tickell Prol. Univ. Oxf. 34 To wind the Passions, and command the Heart.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxvi. 258 He winds one about, and about, yet seems not to have more curiosity than one would wish him to have.
1777 S. Johnson Let. 29 Sept. (1992) III. 79 There was not time for many questions, and no opportunity of winding and winding them, as Mr. Richardson has it, so as to get truth out without questions.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. vii. 177 He can wind the proud Earl to his will.
1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. A. Musæus in German Romance I. 235 Love, which had once for all taken root in her heart, now dexterously winded and turned the matter.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]
teec888
tightc1000
drawc1175
tollc1220
till?c1225
ticec1275
bringc1300
entice1303
win1303
wina1340
tempt1340
misdrawa1382
wooa1387
lure1393
trainc1425
allurea1450
attract?a1475
lock1481
enlure1486
attice1490
allect1518
illect?1529
wind1538
disarm1553
call1564
troll1565
embait1567
alliciate1568
slock1594
enamour1600
court1602
inescate1602
fool1620
illure1638
magnetize1658
trepana1661
solicit1665
whistle1665
drill1669
inveigh1670
siren1690
allicit1724
wisea1810
come-hither1954
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Addicion Lacio.., to brynge into a snare, or to wynde one in to deceyue him.
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxxvi. 4) Hee doth not simply fynd fault with the vngodly for winding in other folkes with their wyles and fetches.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1847/1 A subtile practise (as was thought) intended to wynde him wythin daunger.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxvi. sig. Yy6 Which winded her againe into the former maze of perplexitie.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 48 A certaine man.., being trecherously wound in and intrapped, by the craftie wilines of a certaine woman.
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. iv. Epigr. 79 If ev'r it winds thee Into a loosenesse once, take heed.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme i. iv. §2 You will be wound into the most notorious absurdities.
1655 R. Younge Blemish of Govt. 7 It is admirable how they will winde men in, and draw men on by drinking first a health to such a man.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > intrude or insinuate
intruse?a1500
ingyre1513
shuffle1565
cog1570
foist1570
wind?1570
obtrudea1575
interject1588
filch?1589
intrude1592
inthrust1605
possess1606
suborna1620
inedge1632
interlopea1641
subintroducteda1641
subintroduce1643
to hedge in1664
insinuate1665
dodge1687
lug1721
assinuate1742
wriggle1766
fudge1776
intertrude1809
injeer1820
protrude1840
sniggle1881
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > indirectly or covertly
shuffle1565
wind?1570
wriggle1599
insinuate1610
slidea1631
slip1688
?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. C vij This is the fine force of Sanders most fine witte, in finding out fetches, and winding in stuffe to strengthen and fortifye Antichristianisme.
c1650 W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plant. (1856) 301 He with his former dealings had wound in what money he had in ye partnership into his owne hands.
1674 Govt. Tongue ix. 160 Tis pleasant to see what little Arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier > extricate from difficulties
windc1535
unreave1593
disentangle1611
explicate1614
extricatea1631
districate1632
untwist1637
exintricate1661
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by force, effort, or contrivance
to draw outOE
outdrawlOE
drawc1300
win out1362
out-wina1425
windc1535
extract1628
exact1647
exforcipatea1834
to winkle out1942
c1535 W. Roper Life Sir T. More (1729) vi. 40 To wynde suche quarrells out of the Cardinall's head.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. iii. sig. Dd.vii/1 Iacob and Ioseph being wrapped in sundrie tribulations, were by their merciful God woond out and rid from all [L. explicantur].
1577 S. Avgvstines Manuell in Certaine Prayers S. Augustines Medit. (rev. ed.) sig. Tvv Wynde me out [L. evolve], & unloade me, that the pit shut not his mouth upon me.
1601 F. Godwin Catal. Bishops of Eng. 121 By and by he ouertopped the Archbishop, and quickly wound him out of all authority.
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. E3 Weele haue some trick and wile, To winde our yonger brother out of prison.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] > cause to circulate by trade
to turn over1585
turn1598
to turn and wind1598
wind1598
return1677
handle1889
society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)]
utterc1483
to put forth1572
pass1579
to turn and wind1598
wind1598
vent1629
to put outa1719
expose1751
mobilize1864
monetarize1952
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iv. iv. 93 By turning and winding base marchandise in Affrica and Sicilia, he gayned his liuing.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 157 Tobacco..passes there as current Siluer, and by the oft turning and winding it, some grow rich, but many poore.
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xl. 82 Ther is no State that winds the peny more nimbly, and makes quicker returns.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 177 Whence turning of Religion's made, The means, to Turn, and wind a Trade.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 92 in Trav. Persia All the money that we turn and wind is the Kings.
12. intransitive (also †reflexive, and with it.) To pursue a devious, circuitous, or intricate course in argument, statement, or conduct; (†esp. with about adv. or preposition) to use circumlocution or subtle terms of argument (archaic).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > pursue subtleties [verb (intransitive)]
windc1386
subtlec1390
subtilea1450
subtilize1592
to cut a feathera1634
to split a hair or hairs1674
to split straws1674
to split words1674
Thomisticate1730
subtlize1821
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express oneself copiously [verb (reflexive)] > use circumlocution
windc1386
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > be copious [verb (intransitive)] > use periphrasis
to beat (formerly also go, wend, seek) about the bushc1440
wind1528
periphrase1652
to go about1815
circumlocute1859
circumlocutionize1886
to go (all) round the houses1958
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 427 For in hise termes, so he wolde hym wynde And speke hise wordes in so sly a kynde. Whanne he commune shal with any wight, That he wol make hym doten anon right.
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 173/1 Truly quod he ye wynde it well about.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 154 You know me well, and heerein spend but time To wind about my loue with circumstance. View more context for this quotation
1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater ii. i. sig. C4v You must not talke to him, as you do to an ordinary man, honest plaine sence; but you must winde about him.
1680 J. Aubrey in J. Walker Lett. Eminent Persons (1813) III. 612 He turned, and winded, and compounded in philosophy, politiques etc. as if he had been at mathematicall work.
1686 T. Jevon Devil of a Wife i. 14 He has a mind to wind about, but this shan't serve his turn.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxvi. 258 I have winded and winded about him, as he has done about me; but all to no purpose.
1804 M. Edgeworth Will v, in Pop. Tales I. 191 I winded and winded,..till, at the last, out comes the truth.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila iv. v. 205 Why dost thou wind and turn, good Ximen?..thou knowest well what my words drive at.
1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. vii. 93 He did not adroitly wind through the dangerous forms of evil.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. Introd. p. xii In winding through the long notes..we have sometimes a difficulty in separating his own view from that of others whom he is confuting.
a. With out: To extricate or disentangle oneself from a state of confinement or embarrassment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (reflexive)] > from confinement or embarrassment
wind1412
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (intransitive)] > from confinement > from confinement or embarrassment
wind1412
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2207 Love in his lawes often schulde erre, And wynden out of honestees cheyne.
a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) vi. 34 As the birde taken in the nette, we lie fast fettered, our owne eyes not servyng us to espie any waie to winde out.
1599 J. Hayward 1st Pt. Henrie IIII 83 To wind out of these intricate troubles.
1608 P. Golding tr. J. Sleidane Epit. Frossard 168 Not able..to winde out of the linnen which entangled him.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 659 Long strugling underneath, ere they could wind Out of such prison. View more context for this quotation
b. With in, into: To insinuate oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > infuse [verb (reflexive)] > intrude or insinuate > of a person
ingyre1513
thrust1530
wind1548
wreathea1571
insinuate1578
screw1602
foist1603
wimble1605
wriggle1670
worm1711
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John i. f. 1 That being so knowen by the wonderfulnes of his moste fayre workemanship, he mighte wind himself into our inwarde mocions.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. iii. 67 To winde Your selfe into a power tyrannicall. View more context for this quotation
1640 S. Rutherford Let. 27 Mar. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 512 If ye can wynd-in in his love..what a second heaven's paradise..is it, to be hot & burned with fevers of love-sickness for him.
1646 J. Saltmarsh Some Drops of Viall ii. 57 This is the old way to winde in under the wing of Authority.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 15 The old serpent easily winded himself into his heart.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxix. 295 Of your having basked at my brother's fireside, like a serpent, and wound yourself, through me, almost into his confidence.
1886 C. Bigg Christian Platonists Alexandria iv. 130 Origen does not wind himself into the heart. He has not the blithe geniality of Clement.
14.
a. transitive. To turn or pass (something) around something else so as to encircle or enclose it and be in contact with it; to twine, twist, fold, or wrap (something) about, round, or upon something else.Also occasionally to put around something so as to encircle it without contact.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > by winding or folding something round > wind so as to wrap
wind1303
servea1586
circumvolve1599
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 8055 Aboute þe body a rope þey wonde.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 359 He, which hadde of nothing doute, Hire wympel wond aboute his cheke.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 126 Hur lady, his modyr, wonde hyr kerchef about hym.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 267 When it is well won, Knyt a knot fast.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) v. i. 54 This Hand, fast wound about thy coale-black hayre. View more context for this quotation
1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xvii. 151 They weare linnen rowles about their heads..in Vlster carelesly wonde about.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion v. 8 Instead of a Night Cap he had winded the Linings of his Breeches about his head.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 215 Whether to wind The Woodbine round this Arbour, or direct The clasping Ivie where to climb. View more context for this quotation
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 189 Upon the thin end of the Pole is wound a considerable Bundle of String.
a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. J. W. von Goethe Scenes from Faust in Posthumous Poems (1824) 412 When she winds them [sc. her locks] round a young man's neck.
1842 R. Browning Count Gismond x Wind the penance-sheet About her!
1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus, Secret Way 25 As hunters round the wild beasts in their lair Marked for the javelin, wind a belt of fire.
1870 D. Rock Textile Fabrics (S. Kensington Mus.) Introd. p. xxii The blodbende or bandage to be winded and kept about the patient's arm.
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad v. 8 Suppose I wound my arm right round.
1916 J. J. Bell Little Grey Ships 18 [He] began to wind about his neck a dark blue muffler.
b. figurative: esp. in to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger (see to wind (a person) round one's finger at finger n. Phrases 4i, to wind (a person) round one's little finger at little finger n. Phrases 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage 279 To play People out of their Senses,..and wind their Passions about their Fingers as they list.
1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. viii. 190 Irene wound her toils with consummate skill around her ill-fated victim.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard iii. i. 96 My life being wound about you as it is.
15. absolute.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 555 I weue an I wynde and do what treuthe hoteth.1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades vi. 119 Do passe the time to winde and reele, & with your maids to spinne.1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 157 An' ay she win't, an' ay she swat.1818 2nd Rep. Minutes of Evid. Ribbon Weavers 154 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 211 & 278) IX. 53 Just according to how many looms they wind for.1870 Inq. Yorksh. Deaf & Dumb 18 She..winds for journeymen weavers.† b. To roll or fold up. Obsolete.
a. To put (thread, tape, or the like) in coils or convolutions around something, as a reel, or upon itself (either by passing the thread, etc. round and round, or by turning the reel or other object round and round), so as to form it into a compact mass (hank, skein, ball, etc.). (Also in figurative phrases: cf. pirn n.1 1b.) Also with from or off, to undo the coils of (thread, etc.) by rotating the object on which they are wound; to unwind. (See also wind up at sense 20b.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)] > coil round (something) > coil (something) round or upon itself
windc1325
wrap?1523
to roll up1530
wreathe1530
upwind1560
twist1582
twinec1585
circumvolute1599
bottom1612
rolla1616
overwhelm1634
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > uncoiling or unwinding > uncoil or unwind [verb (transitive)]
unwindc1325
unwralla1387
unreel1567
uncoil1713
wind1767
c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 157 E vostre filoe là wudez [gloss wynde thi yarn].
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 525 He bare a burdoun ybounde with a brode liste, In a withewyndes wise ywounden aboute.
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 359 Þe iuge axkid ather of þaim whar-of þe bothom at þe clew was won on was.
1483 Cath. Angl. 419/1 To Wynde spules, deuoluere.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 782/1 This yerne is so tangled that I can nat wynde it.
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Divv If she wanted a bottome whereon to winde hyr silke.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xviii. 104 It seemeth wounden together like a string.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 178 If it be so, you haue wound a goodly clewe. View more context for this quotation
1767 I. Bickerstaff Love in City i. i. stage-dir. One seated and holding a skain of silk, while the other winds it off on a ball.
1787 F. Burney Diary Mar. (1842) III. 349 Miss Planta left the room while I was winding some silk.
1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. A. Musæus in German Romance I. 21 The long threads which..she winded daily from her spindle.
1860 Slang Dict. (ed. 2) 247 I'll wind your cotton, i.e. I will give you some trouble.
1889 F. C. Beach in Harper's Mag. Jan. 292/2 To operate the instrument it is only necessary to snap the shutter and wind off the paper.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii Lette the wole be well folden or wounden with a wole wynder.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. i. f. iiv As a vesture shalt thou winde them aboute.
16.
a. To encircle with or enclose in something passed round and in contact; †to wrap up; †to embrace, enfold in the arms; now, in ordinary prose use, only of binding a thing round with tape, wire, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]
clipc950
freeOE
beclipc1000
windc1175
fang?c1200
yokec1275
umgripea1300
to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300
umbefold14..
collc1320
lapc1350
bracec1375
embracec1386
clapa1400
folda1400
halsea1400
umbeclapa1400
accollc1400
fathomc1400
halchc1400
haspc1400
hoderc1440
plighta1450
plet?a1500
cuddlec1520
complect1523
umbfoldc1540
clasp1549
culla1564
cully1576
huggle1583
embosom1590
wrap1594
collya1600
cling1607
bosom1608
grasp1609
comply1648
huddlea1650
smuggle1679
inarm1713
snuggle1775
cwtch1965
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > surround closely or tightly
clipc825
fathomOE
windc1175
truss1340
embracec1360
bindc1384
clasp1447
complect1523
circumplect1578
embrace1578
enclasp1596
entwist1600
beclasp1608
chaina1616
inclipa1616
corsleta1625
circumplex1632
enlace1633
entwine1633
comply1648
throttle1863
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 He wes iwunde mid wine and smirede mid oli.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 127 He wes imacad to monne ilicnesse and iwunden mid flesce al swa mon.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3320 & tær ȝho barr allmahhtiȝ godd..& wand himm sone i winnde clut.
c1290 Mary Magdalene 383 in S. Eng. Leg. 473 Huy nomen þe Quiene and hire child and wounden in a mantel.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1672 First bind it wele wit balk and band, And wind it siþen well wit wand.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 546 Hwan grim him hauede faste bounden, And siþen in an eld cloth wnden.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2597 In an fetles..Ðis child wunden ghe wulde don.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1232 Gan eche of hem in armes oþer wynde.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 215 Þe stele of a stif staf..Þat watȝ wounden wyth yrn.
1471 E. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 634 Sche byd þat yt schuld be woond in a canmasse fore brochyng of þe caryars.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 229 b/2 A yong child that lay wounden in smale clowtes in hys moders lappe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxviii. D The coueringe to small, that a man maye not wynde him self therin.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. viijv Their scaberdes wounde a bought with satyne.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) v. l. 1917 Glaider war never Sir Troylus.., When he had Cressed in his arms windin.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 197 This hielandman..tuik the samyn [crown] and wand it in his playd.
1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) 51 And so to wynde hime in his cowle and habett.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. ii. 13 Sometime am I All wound with Adders, who with clouen tongues Doe hisse me into madnesse. View more context for this quotation
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. ii. sig. D1v Let me winde thee in these armes, Till I haue banisht sicknesse.
1662 G. Atwell Faithfull Surveyour (new ed.) 106 If they..winde their hurdles on two sides with broome.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 294 Drench the beast, and then wind him up warm in hay.
1851 G. Meredith Love in Valley xiv Jasmine winds the porch with stars two and three.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxi. 205 Such is Judy. And her twin brother couldn't wind up a top for his life.
1859 G. A. Sala Gaslight & Daylight xxi There, are tops wound, and marbles gambled for.
1885 Ld. Tennyson Anc. Sage 97 And wind the front of youth with flowers.
1918 Blackwood's Mag. Apr. 491/1 The corner-posts were padded and wound with many layers of red and blue bunting.
b. † (b) To carry out in a winding-sheet.Apparently an isolated use.
(a) spec. To wrap (a corpse) in a shroud or winding-sheet; to shroud. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > bind or wrap in shroud
bindc1000
winda1325
trammel1536
shroud1577
sock1584
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2448 First .ix. nigt [men] de liches beðen And smeren and winden and bi-queðen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 118 Þe clothez þat iesus was wonden in.
c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 503 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 416 Ypolyt tuk þe cors away, & wand It in clathis fyne.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3945 To se þe qwik þe ded dispoile Qwhen he is wondyn in his schet.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xix. f. clv Then toke they the body of Iesu and wonde it in lynnen clothes.
1605 London Prodigall i. i. 170 Yes, truly, syr, your father is dead, these hands of mine holpe to winde him.
1660 S. Rutherford Let. 4 Aug. (1891) 555 The mother..possibly, cannot get leave to wind the son, nor to weep over his grave.
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 335 Vowing he'll not conform before The Old-Wives wind their dead in Wollen.
1860 W. Collins Woman in White II. ii. Narr. i. 349 That she had winded a many of them in her time.
ΚΠ
1604 Meeting of Gallants sig. Bv Tenne wound out of one house, must for shame carry fiue payre of sheetes with them.
c. Chiefly in past participle and figurative: To involve, entangle; †occasionally to wrap up (in fair words).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > entangle or make tangled [verb (transitive)]
windc1315
harlc1400
snarlc1440
tangle1530
ravela1540
crawl1548
entangle1555
intertangle1589
enroot1600
impester1601
fasel1636
perplex1642
fankle1724
warple1768
hankle1781
intertwist1797
taffle1840
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > embellish [verb (transitive)] > set forth in ornate language
windc1315
gild1340
embroidera1610
rhetorize1611
to have swallowed a (or the) dictionary1829
c1315 Shoreham Poems i. 913 Ne wynd þou naut þy senne ine selke Ac telle out al þat rouȝe.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2811 My warke, þat I am in wonden.
c1425 Cast. Persev. 703 in Macro Plays 98 Worthy World, in welthys wonde.
c1485 Digby Myst. iii. 23 I am wonddyn in welth from all woo.
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 190 In the great net of Até, whence none cometh out, Ye are wound and undone!
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters i. 27 Then they wound him in their devil's web.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano ii. ii. 72 But, ere he reached, in death the babe was wound.
17. intransitive. To turn so as to encircle and lie in contact with something else; to twist or coil itself, or be or become twisted or coiled, about, around, or upon something. So to wind off, to become uncoiled from something, to unwind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (intransitive)] > coil round something or itself
winda1577
wreathe1580
reeve1821
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > uncoiling or unwinding > become uncoiled or unwound [verb (intransitive)]
uncurl1594
outwind1596
ravel1603
unravel1643
unwind1656
unreel1749
to wind off1760
unwrap1833
uncoil1854
reel1906
a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.vv in Whole Wks. (1587) What tree soeuer it [sc. ivy] ryse by, it neuer leaueth to wynde about it.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 38 It wyndeth about, and killes his neighbours as the Iuie dooth.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 35 If your spindle is to have three or four Worms winding about it.
1686 T. Jevon Devil of a Wife i. 2 Go home and Spin, or else my Strap will wind about thy Ribs.
1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 55 The single thread winded off the pod in the same manner as that of the common silk-worm.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 113 The leather shuttle winds upon it as it descends, or unwinds from it as it ascends.
a. † (b) spec. To make or repair (a wall) with ‘windings’ (see winding n.1 10). Obsolete.
(a) To form or construct by twining or plaiting; to plait, wreathe, weave. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)]
wind971
braidc1000
writheOE
biwevec1300
enlacec1374
winda1387
tracec1400
bredec1440
knit1470
embraid1481
interlace1523
entrail?1530
wreathea1547
beknit1565
twist1565
wand1572
embroid1573
mat1577
complect1578
intertex1578
inweave1578
lace1579
plight1589
entwine1597
bewreath1598
interweave1598
implicate1610
twine1612
complicatea1631
implex1635
intertwine1641
plash1653
enwreathe1667
raddle1671
intertwist1797
pleach1830
impleach1865
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)] > form by
wind971
writheOE
weave1495
contex1542
wreathea1547
twista1592
comply?1611
inweave1667
entwine1697
971 Blickl. Hom. 23 Hie..wundan beag of þornum & him setton on heafod for cynehelme.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1670 Quen þi timber es festend wele Þou wind þe sides ilk dele.
c1330 Assump. Virg. (B.M. MS.) 795 A seynt..Off silk and gold wounden in pal.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. clii. sig. Tvjv/2 Wrethes wouen & wounden of thornes & roddes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xix. f. cxlviijv The soudiers wonde a croune off thornes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb2 That same net so cunningly was wound, That neither guile, nor force might it distraine.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xxii. 129 The boates..were made and wound of papyr reeds.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with wall(s) > build or repair wall in specific way
windc900
quarter1580
stuff1601
honeycomb1908
c900 K. Ælfred Solil. August. Pref. Þæt he..gefeðrige hys wænas mid fegrum gerdum, þat he mage windan manigne smicerne wah.
1474–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 289 In le dalbyng et le wyndyng interclose wallez, sydewallez, gawellez.
1550 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 70 Paid for 3 burthen of roodes to wynde the wals of the store howse.
1574 in Court Minutes Surrey & Kent Sewer Comm. (London County Council) (1909) 194 To wind with roddes & to fill vp the walle against his Mille banck.
1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xvii. 147 Their houses wonde with rods, and couered with turffs.
1649 Order Bk. Hartlebury Gram. School (1904) 72 To a man to studd and winde walls.
b. To twine or plait together, to intertwine; figurative to associate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)]
wind971
braidc1000
writheOE
biwevec1300
enlacec1374
winda1387
tracec1400
bredec1440
knit1470
embraid1481
interlace1523
entrail?1530
wreathea1547
beknit1565
twist1565
wand1572
embroid1573
mat1577
complect1578
intertex1578
inweave1578
lace1579
plight1589
entwine1597
bewreath1598
interweave1598
implicate1610
twine1612
complicatea1631
implex1635
intertwine1641
plash1653
enwreathe1667
raddle1671
intertwist1797
pleach1830
impleach1865
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 345 Þey..wonede vnder bowes and twigges i-wounde to gidres.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 169 As wexe and weke if þei were wounde to-gederes.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xl Wrappe and wynde them togyder.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxxvii. 440 Stringes, inter~laced, woven, and winded one in another.
1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xvii. 144 And so intricately winde them, or lay them, that they shall be a strong barracado.
1646 A. Henderson in Charles I's Wks. (1662) 172 I wind together Diotrephes and the Mystery of Iniquity.
19. To haul or hoist by turning a winch, windlass, or the like, around which a rope or chain is passed.
a. gen.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > lifting or hoisting equipment
to wind upc1275
windc1440
sling1522
crane1570
hoise1573
pulley1581
tackle1711
lewis1837
teagle1841
to jack up1853
windlass1870
whorl1886
luff1913
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 529/1 Wyndyn' wythe a wyndlas.
1900 Law Rep.: Appeal Cases 407 The head-line of the net is then wound in by means of the windlass.
b. Nautical †(a) To hoist (sail); (b) to move or warp (the ship), by hauling, as on a capstan or windlass. Also absol. or intransitive. (Cf. 8) See also to wind up 7 at Phrasal verbs.Cf. Old Norse vinda segl to hoist sail.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > set or spread (sails) > raise (sail or yard)
windc1275
to hoise sail1490
to seize upc1540
hoisen1553
tauntc1579
ride1880
up1890
society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > propel boat other than by sail or oars [verb (intransitive)] > by hauling on ropes
wind?1518
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (intransitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific way
windc1550
heave1626
to round up1766
to veer and haul1769
to freshen the nip1807
single1900
swig1917
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific ways
windc1550
veer1590
veer1604
rousea1625
heave1626
overhaul1626
ease1627
pay1627
reeve1627
unbend1627
to come up1685
overhale1692
to pay away1769
surge1769
render1777
to pay out1793
to round down1793
to set upon ——1793
swig1794
veer1806
snake1815
to side out for a bend1831
rack1841
snub1841
society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > propel boat other than by sail or oars [verb (transitive)] > by hauling on ropes
warp1513
wind1570–1
society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > propel boat other than by sail or oars [verb (intransitive)] > by hauling on ropes > proceed by warping
warpa1547
wind1633
to warp one's way1836
c1275 [see to wind up 1 at Phrasal verbs].
1379 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 100 In potu dato diversis auxiliantibus pro ii[s]dem exaltand. et wyndand. 3d.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 886 He..Bad wynd the saill in all the haist thai may.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. C.j Some wounde at ye capstayne.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 607 The Danis..Wand saill to top.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 31 The maister..bald the marynalis lay the cabil to the cabilstok to veynde and veye. than the marynalis began to veynd the cabil.
1570–1 High Court of Admiralty Exam. (MS.) 17 Feb. 18 Layde an ancre right astern..to winde her out of the dock.
1591 J. Hortop Trauailes Eng. Man 15 Wee cutte our cables, wound off our shippes, and presently fought with them.
1591 J. Hortop Trauailes Eng. Man 16 Cutting our cables in the halse, and winding off by our sternefast.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes I was but one to turne and winde the sailes, to vse the oare [etc.].
1633 High Court of Admiralty Exam. (MS.) 18 July 50 The Delight was thwart the river and wynding down.
1729 W. Wriglesworth MS Log-bk. Lyell 17 Oct. Unmoared the Ship, and got all things in a readiness for Winding her head down.
1853 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. (1856) I. vii. 71 We dropped our heaviest anchor with the desperate hope of winding the brig.
c. Mining. To hoist (coal, etc.) to the surface by means of a winding-engine.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > activities for raising ore or coal
stow?1549
raise1759
wind1883
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Wind.
1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 186 To get their coals winded to the pithead.
20. transitive.† a. To tighten the strings of a musical instrument by turning the pins or pegs around which they are passed. (With the pins or the strings as object.) See also to wind up 5 at Phrasal verbs (b). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings
wresta1000
straina1387
string1530
to set down1565
wrench1577
to wind up1608
wind1612
to screw up1625
to set up1643
screw1657
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 53 In gouernement sometimes he vsed to winde the pinnes too hie, and sometimes to let them downe too lowe.
a1700 M. Prior To C'tess of Exeter 31 Your Lute may wind it's Strings but little higher, To tune their Notes to that immortal Quire.
b. To set (a watch, clock, or other mechanism) in order for going by turning an axis with a key or similar device so as to coil the spring tighter or draw up the weights.Usually wind up (see to wind up 5 at Phrasal verbs); occasionally wind down, to cause to stop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
a1616 [see to wind up 5a at Phrasal verbs].
a1648 Ess. on Death in Bacon's Remaines (1648) 10 Wooing the remorseless Sisters to wind down the watch of their life, and to break them off before the hour.
1762 J. Winthrop in Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 14 He was winding his watch at that time.
1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major I. iii. 32 When he wound his clock on Sunday nights the whirr of that monitor reminded the widow to wind hers.
c. figurative. To exalt or ‘screw up’ to a certain pitch. Now with up (see to wind up 6 at Phrasal verbs).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > tension > put into a state of tension [verb (transitive)]
to wind up1602
winda1635
strain1667
string1860
tensify1869
wire1974
the mind > emotion > pride > vainglory > be vainglorious or behave vaingloriously [verb (reflexive)]
beyelpc1330
avaunt1340
glorify1340
yelp1340
boasta1400
brawl?a1400
roosea1400
vaunta1400
advance1483
brag1548
vainglorya1637
braggadociea1688
wind1827
a1635 R. Sibbes Heavenly Conf. (1656) 5 Like Jonah,..when he rejoyces, his joy is wound to the highest pitch.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. Introd. p. xix He at length wound himself to such a pitch of resolution, as to invite me to dine.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. i. 3 We need not..strive to wind ourselves too high For sinful man beneath the sky.
Phrasal verbs
In combination with adverbs. (See also preceding senses and the adverbs.) to wind down to wind off † 2. intransitive and transitive. To close, conclude, terminate: = wind up at sense 20b (b), (d). Obsolete. rare. to wind on to wind up absolute.1846 Bentley's Misc. Dec. 555 Walk down stream with him and wind up as fast as you can. He's a fine fish, and shows excellent sport.† 7. Nautical. intransitive and transitive. See quots., and cf. senses 8, 19b (b). Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To draw gradually to a close.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire > gradually
to die away1680
to die off1722
to die down1836
peter1846
to die out1853
to wind down1952
1952 D. Thomas Coll. Poems p. ix This day winding down now At God speeded summer's end.
1977 Time (Atlantic ed.) 19 Sept. 22/1 Instead of winding down, investigations were being stepped up.
1985 R. Barnard Disposal of Living vi. 75 The fête was beginning to wind down then. I think Mary was still around.
2. intransitive for reflexive. Of a person who has been ‘screwed up’ to a certain pitch or is in a state of tension: to relax, to unwind.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [verb (intransitive)] > obtain relief from tension
unwind1938
to wind down1958
1958 Observer 7 Sept. 3/5 He is slowly ‘winding down’ after his exhausting television shows.
1970 New Yorker 24 Oct. 50/1 Even the West Indian was winding down.
1979 Homes & Gardens June 77/2 It takes him about two days to wind down. When your husband runs his own firm his stress is very great.
1985 R. Hunter Fourth Angel viii. 137 An evening at the theatre and a chance to wind down and relax.
3. transitive. To open (the window of a vehicle) downwards by rotating a handle. Cf. wind up at sense 20b (c) below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down > by mechanical means
to turn down1551
parbuckle1768
to strike down1778
to hoist down1794
to jack down1893
to wind down1961
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > open or close window
roll1926
to wind down1961
to wind up1970
1961 I. Murdoch Severed Head viii. 71 The windscreen was becoming opaque... I wound down the window on my side and the cold choking air came in.
1975 D. Lodge Changing Places v. 165 Philip stopped at a red light and wound down his window.
4. figurative. To reduce in scale gradually; to bring (an activity) to an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > gradually
to die away1680
sink1718
to die off1722
to burn out, forth1832
to die down1836
peter1846
fizz1847
to fizzle out1847
to die out1853
poof1915
down1924
to wind down1969
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce gradually
to wane away1601
wear1697
wean1707
whittle1736
to tail off (out)1827
to ease off1884
to taper off (away, down)1898
to run down1960
to wind down1969
1969 Washington Post 16 Apr. a22/2 Very little else is possible before the war is wound down.
1969 Guardian 5 Aug. 2/7 The enemy might prefer gradually to ‘wind down’ the level of combat step by step.
1977 Rolling Stone 16 June 56/3 Natalie is pregnant and will wind down her work schedule in anticipation of a fall delivery.
1981 Daily Tel. 26 Nov. 21 He might be able simply to wind the business down to a size which becomes manageable again.
1. See simple senses and off v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > bring to an end or conclusion
finec1300
finisha1375
concludec1430
determine1483
to wind off1650
parclose1667
to wind up1780
eventuate1816
to round out1856
mop1859
to wrap up1922
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)]
yendc1000
abatec1300
finec1300
endc1305
finisha1375
definec1384
terminec1390
achievea1393
out-enda1400
terminate?a1425
conclude1430
close1439
to bring adowna1450
terma1475
adetermine1483
determine1483
to knit up1530
do1549
parclose1558
to shut up1575
expire1578
date1589
to close up1592
period1595
includea1616
apostrophate1622
to wind off1650
periodizea1657
dismiss1698
to wind up1740
to put the lid on1873
to put the tin hat on something1900
to wash up1925
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire
to run outeOE
endOE
stintc1275
slakea1300
overpassc1350
determinec1374
overruna1393
dispend1393
failc1399
missa1400
to wear out, forth1412
stanchc1420
to come outa1450
terminea1450
expire?c1450
finish1490
conclude1593
upclose1603
terminate1608
to shut up1609
to wind off1650
stop1733
to fall in1771
close1821
to blaze out1884
outgive1893
to play out1964
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. i. 60 O that all differences between brethren might winde off, in so welcome a conclusion!
1675 W. Temple Lett. (1701) III. 160 The Prince continues to say he talks to him no further than is necessary to wind off such Businesses as were left in his hands.
Photography. To turn (the film in a camera) to the next position in readiness for taking another photograph. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > photograph [verb (transitive)] > adjust equipment
to stop down1892
couple1934
to wind on1947
1947 A. Ransome Great Northern? xxiii. 289 Dick wound on the film, closed the camera and put it in its case.
1964 ‘F. Clifford’ Hunting-ground vi. 67 Thirty-six on the film and I'm supposed not to have wound on once.
1982 C. Thomas Jade Tiger iii. 66 He adjusted the focus... Click, wind on, click again.
1. transitive. To draw up or hoist with a winch or the like: cf. 19.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > lifting or hoisting equipment
to wind upc1275
windc1440
sling1522
crane1570
hoise1573
pulley1581
tackle1711
lewis1837
teagle1841
to jack up1853
windlass1870
whorl1886
luff1913
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise by mechanical instrument > with a winch, crank, etc.
to wind upc1275
winch1529
upwind1600
parbuckle1768
crank1883
whorl1886
to turn up1911
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15277 Heo wunden up seiles to coppe.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14564 Crosses, belles, men haue founden, In welles, in watres, vp haue wounden.
a1400 Coer de L. 3955 The Sarezynes..Her brygges wounden up in haste.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1906) viii. 11 Folke come to feche and wynde up water at that well.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 67 b He..went to the see and made to winde up the sayle.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 782/2 Wynde up the crane faster.
1580 H. Smith in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 470 We brought a cable vnder her sterne, and with our capstaine did winde vp her sterne.
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Coxcombe ii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nn4/2 Let me see thy hand, this was neere made to wash or wind up water.
1793 Earl of Dundonald Descr. Estate Culross 55 The adoption of..Steam Engines to wind up the Coals from the pits.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 124 A rope wrapped about it to wind up the sacks of corn.
2. † b. figurative. To involve, implicate. Cf. sense 16c. Obsolete.In quot. 1647 apparently = ‘to have included in one's nature’; so in quot. 16742 intransitive for passive = ‘to be included’.
a. †To bind or wrap up (obsolete); see also 16 (quot. 1853 at sense 16a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > bind > bind up or together
forbindc897
bindc1000
to-knita1300
truss1340
louka1393
to knit up1509
to wind up?1533
upbind1590
pinion1608
abligate1615
fillet1633
ligament1659
ligature1716
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiv To wynde vp, housser.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xxx. 21 Behold it is not wound up, that health might be restored to it.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts v. 6.
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iii. 67 The Sea-Nimphes..Learning of Fisher-men to knit a net, Wherein to wynde vp their disheuel'd hayres.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiii. 61 Winde vp the slaine, with each a..bullet at their heads and feet to make them sinke.
1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 72 The spider doth winde up, and truss up the Fly, being come into its cobweb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)] > implicitly
carry1581
implicate1602
to wind upa1616
enwrap1642
enfold1646
involve1646
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 276 Winding vp Dayes with toyle, and Nights with sleepe. View more context for this quotation
1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 41 Whatever man winds up, that Rupert hath.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 127 Well may one motion, of one sort, after sinking into its spring, or being wown up in it, be..brought on again to a kind of quickness.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 187 So little of boundedness to winde up in.
1784 New Spectator No. 13 My happiness is wound up in thine.
1819 W. S. Rose Lett. from N. Italy II. 96 [They] imagined that her life was wound up in his.
a1821 J. Keats Otho i. ii, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 125 I am wound up in deep astonishment!
1841 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. IX. lxix. 138 His political existence was thenceforth wound up with the success of Russia in the German war.
3. † a. To coil, roll, or fold up; to furl: cf. sense 15b. Obsolete except as in sense 16b(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. K8 His huge long tayle wownd vp in hundred foldes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. v. 7 After such bloody toile, we..woon'd our tott'ring colours clearly vp. View more context for this quotation
1692 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) I. 269 He..wound up his Hair with his Hands, and put on a White Cap.
1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 35 See that the wool be well wound up.
b. To coil (thread, etc.) into a compact mass (cf. 15): chiefly in †to wind up a bottom or one's bottoms (bottom n. 24), usually figurative to sum up, conclude (cf. sense 7d).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)]
enda1340
finisha1400
conclude1526
to get through1589
get1594
dispatcha1616
to shut up1626
to wind up1631
finale1797
to top off1836
to top up1837
through1894
to roll up1963
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [verb (intransitive)] > wind
reelc1400
spool1603
to wind up1631
quill1825
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > make summary or epitome [verb (intransitive)]
suma1398
abstract1596
epitome1596
to wind upa1766
summarize1808
to sum up1899
1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xlvi. §499 Off a reele clewes or bottomes of threads are winded vp and web is made.
1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 46 Wind up your bottome.
1652 E. Peyton Divine Catastrophe Stuarts 138 I have raveled out the peeces, to winde up this bottome.
1749 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. II Pref. p. xli But, to wind up my Bottoms [etc.].
a1766 F. Sheridan Concl. Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph (1770) IV. 27 That would be tipping the spire, and winding up her bottoms with a witness.
1773 C. Dibdin Deserter i. i. 2 I'll give you, while I wind up this bottom and another, and you shan't find it out.
4. figurative.† a. To gather up the points of (a discourse) in a compact statement by way of conclusion; to sum up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)]
abrevya1325
comprehendc1369
abridgec1384
shorta1390
suma1398
abbreviate?a1475
shorten1530
to cut short?1542
curtail1553
to knit up1553
to wind up1583
clip1598
epitomize1599
brief1601
contract1604
to shut up1622
decurt1631
to sum up1642
breviate1663
curtilate1665
compendize1693
epitomate1702
to gather up1782
summarize1808
scissor1829
précis1856
to cut down1857
to boil down1880
synopsize1882
essence1888
résumé1888
short copy1891
bovrilize1900
pot1927
summate1951
capsulize1958
profile1970
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Xiij v To winde vp all in a short conclusion, [etc.].
1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 88 To Winde vp all in briefe.
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. iii. 9 Be pleas'd to dispense with the prolixity of this discours, for I could not wind it up closer, nor on a lesser bottom.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables Pref. B 1 b I shall now Wind up what I have to say.
1797 E. Burke Three Mem. French Affairs 78 I wind up all in a full conviction within my own breast,..that [etc.].
b. †To make up as the conclusion or final scene (obsolete); to bring to a close or conclusion; to form the conclusion of, be the final event in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)]
yendc1000
abatec1300
finec1300
endc1305
finisha1375
definec1384
terminec1390
achievea1393
out-enda1400
terminate?a1425
conclude1430
close1439
to bring adowna1450
terma1475
adetermine1483
determine1483
to knit up1530
do1549
parclose1558
to shut up1575
expire1578
date1589
to close up1592
period1595
includea1616
apostrophate1622
to wind off1650
periodizea1657
dismiss1698
to wind up1740
to put the lid on1873
to put the tin hat on something1900
to wash up1925
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 17 I shall be better directed in what manner to wind up the Catastrophe of the pretty Novel.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xii. 65 To wind up the last scene of thy tragedy, Cruelty and Cowardice..shall strike together at all thy infirmities and mistakes.
1821 W. Scott Dryden's Wks. VIII. 454 The moral, by which the whole Masque is winded up, was sadly true.
1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter I. vii. 118 Her ladyship was winding up the day with her accustomed bottle of soda-water.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xliv. 398 Sobs and tears wound up the sentence in a storm.
1912 World 7 May 685/1 An evening party on Saturday wound up the season's entertaining.
c. To put in order and settle (an affair) with the view of bringing it to an end; to bring to a final settlement; spec. to arrange and adjust the affairs of (a company or business concern) on its dissolution; also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > bring to an end or conclusion
finec1300
finisha1375
concludec1430
determine1483
to wind off1650
parclose1667
to wind up1780
eventuate1816
to round out1856
mop1859
to wrap up1922
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specific matters of any kind
engross1430
redd?a1513
convene1521
to set a stay1538
solute1560
set1605
to wind up1780
arrange1837
square1853
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)] > bring to a final settlement
to wind up1780
to roll up1963
1780 Mirror No. 97. ⁋7 Some company concerns to be wound up, or some bottomry-accompt to be adjusted.
1794 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 458 I have some affairs in London which I wish to wind up.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lviii. 579 It was understood that the affairs of the House were to be wound up as they best could be.
1875 Economist 30 Jan. 131/2 The Master of the Rolls has made an order to wind-up, and has appointed Mr. John Smith..official liquidator.
1877 S. O. Jewett Deephaven 213 He was trading up to Parsonsfield, and business run down, so he wound up there, and thought he'd make a new start.
1924 J. W. Mackail in Proc. Classical Assoc. 13 The Association was never formally wound up and still technically existed.
d. absol. or intransitive. To bring the proceeding to a close; to come to a close; to conclude with something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > make an end, finish up, or conclude
have done!c1300
conclude1526
dispatcha1616
period1628
finale1797
to wind up1825
to wind (up) one's pirna1835
to top off1836
finish1878
finalize1922
to drop the flag1925
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 185 And a dish of maccaroni to wind up with.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 303 One of the little boys wound up by expressing his opinion that ‘George began to think himself quite a man now..’.
1855 C. Dickens Let. 24 May (1993) VII. 631 I want to wind up with that popular farce.
1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. 329 An extreme amount of fever, winding up with delirium on the fifth day.
e. intransitive. Of a person, etc.: to end up, to finish up (in a certain place or condition); to find oneself eventually. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > end up or finish up eventually
to wind up1918
society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] > end up (in a certain place)
to wind up1918
land1958
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive > finish up at a place
to wind up1918
land1958
1918 V. Woolf Diary 28 Jan. (1977) I. 115 I went to have my tooth finished, winding up for tea at the Club.
1921 E. O'Neill Emperor Jones i. 155 When I gits a chance to use it I winds up Emperor in two years.
1942 W. Stevens Let. 2 Oct. (1966) 421 The same reasons would prevent her from marrying as long as the war goes on, and..she may wind up as an old maid.
1952 P. G. Wodehouse Barmy in Wonderland iii. 29 Men who own hotels always wind up in the breadline with holes in their socks.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 3/1 Canada has made no written request that military equipment sent to the United States should not wind up in Vietnam.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 13 Mar. 9/2 Somebody who wants to get away from it all is likely to wind up in a chalet in a Heidilike village on a mountain.
1980 L. Birnbach et al. Official Preppy Handbk. 111/1 Many of these forays..wind up involving mayhem or destruction of property.
5. † b. In reference to the strings of a musical instrument (see sense 20a); figurative to put in tune.
a. In reference to a watch, etc.: see sense 20b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > operate mechanism [verb (transitive)] > wind up
to wind upa1616
wheel1632
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 58 I frowne the while, and perchance winde vp my watch. View more context for this quotation
1639 J. Taylor Divers Crabtree Lect. 41 Gladly he would have interrupted her,..but the Jacke was woond up, and downe it must.
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xix. 137 These Mathematicall Engines cannot be so easily and speedily wound up, and so certainly levelled as the other may.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 125 A Watch or a Jack, by being only wown up [etc.].
1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 277. ¶17 Another Puppet, which by the Help of several little Springs to be wound up within it, could move all its Limbs.
1761 C. Churchill Night 5 Wound up at twelve, at noon, his clock goes right, Mine better goes, wound up at twelve at night.
1883 A. I. Ritchie Bk. of Sibyls ii. 148 Climbing a ladder to wind up an old clock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree, harmonize, or be congruous with [verb (transitive)] > bring into agreement or harmony
concile1398
commune1423
agree1532
concord1548
conciliate1573
square1578
concent1596
tally1607
to wind up1608
accommodate1609
adjust1611
conform1646
reconcilea1672
attune1744
harmonize1767
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings
wresta1000
straina1387
string1530
to set down1565
wrench1577
to wind up1608
wind1612
to screw up1625
to set up1643
screw1657
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxi. 14 The vntund and hurrying sences, O wind vp Of this child changed father.
1645 E. Waller Chloris & Hilas i. Poems 157 Winde up the slack'ned strings of thy Lute.
c. In reference to a motor vehicle: to close (the window) by rotating a handle. Cf. wind down at sense 20b above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.) > close a window by winding handle
to wind up1970
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > open or close window
roll1926
to wind down1961
to wind up1970
1970 H. R. F. Keating Inspector Ghote breaks Egg ii. 16 He slowly wound up the window of his big car.
1971 P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale i. 16 She wound up the car window and stepped on the accelerator.
6. figurative. To set in readiness for action; to raise (feeling) to a high degree; now usually, to put into a state of tension or intensity of feeling, etc.; also, to annoy, to provoke deliberately (colloquial); to excite; to brace up; in Horse Racing slang, to put (a race-horse) into fit condition for running.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]
akeleOE
restOE
comfort1303
ease1330
quickc1350
recurea1382
refresha1382
refetec1384
restorec1384
affilea1393
enforcec1400
freshc1405
revigour?a1425
recomfortc1425
recreatec1425
quicken?c1430
revive1442
cheerc1443
refection?c1450
refect1488
unweary1530
freshen1532
corroborate1541
vige?c1550
erect?1555
recollect?1560
repose1562
respite1565
rouse1574
requicken1576
animate1585
enlive1593
revify1598
inanimate1600
insinew1600
to wind up1602
vigorize1603
inspiritc1610
invigour1611
refocillate1611
revigorate1611
renovate1614
spriten1614
repaira1616
activate1624
vigour1636
enliven1644
invigorate1646
rally1650
reinvigorate1652
renerve1652
to freshen up1654
righta1656
re-enlivena1660
recruita1661
enlighten1667
revivify1675
untire1677
reanimate1694
stimulate1759
rebrace1764
refreshen1780
brisken1799
irrigate1823
tonic1825
to fresh up1835
ginger1844
spell1846
recuperate1849
binge1854
tone1859
innerve1880
fiercen1896
to tone up1896
to buck up1909
pep1912
to zip up1927
to perk up1936
to zizz up1944
hep1948
to zing up1948
juice1964
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]
gremec893
grillc897
teenOE
mispay?c1225
agrillec1275
oftenec1275
tarya1300
tarc1300
atenec1320
enchafec1374
to-tarc1384
stingc1386
chafe?a1400
pokec1400
irec1420
ertc1440
rehete1447
nettlec1450
bog1546
tickle1548
touch1581
urge1593
aggravate1598
irritate1598
dishumour1600
to wind up1602
to pick at ——1603
outhumour1607
vex1625
bloody1633
efferate1653
rankle1659
spleen1689
splenetize1700
rile1724
roil1742
to put out1796
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
roughen1837
acerbate1845
to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846
nag1849
to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859
frump1862
rattle1865
to set up any one's bristles1873
urticate1873
needle1874
draw1876
to rough up1877
to stick pins into1879
to get on ——1880
to make (someone) tiredc1883
razoo1890
to get under a person's skin1896
to get a person's goat1905
to be on at1907
to get a person's nanny1909
cag1919
to get a person's nanny-goat1928
cagmag1932
peeve1934
tick-off1934
to get on a person's tits1945
to piss off1946
bug1947
to get up a person's nose1951
tee1955
bum1970
tick1975
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > tension > put into a state of tension [verb (transitive)]
to wind up1602
winda1635
strain1667
string1860
tensify1869
wire1974
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person > a person or his attributes for an effort
before-girda1382
gird1592
muster1598
to wind up1602
to gather up1617
stringa1771
screw1821
clench1842
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > put horse into fit condition for racing
to wind up1871
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. iii. sig. H3v Straine all your wits, winde vp inuention Vnto his highest bent.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 35 Peace, the Charme's wound vp. View more context for this quotation
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne v. ii, in Wks. I. 589 His Knights reformados are wound vp as high, and insolent, as euer they were. View more context for this quotation
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 269 Having wound him up with good chear.
1665 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (ed. 2) ii. 136 These blind..Powers must be..perpetually woond up by an Hand of Power and Counsel.
1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) VII. ii. 20 My passions are so wound up, that I am obliged either to laugh or cry.
1761 O. Goldsmith Mem. Voltaire in Lady's Mag. Feb. 290 Voltaire seemed wound up to no other pursuit than that of poetry.
1761 O. Goldsmith Mem. Voltaire in Lady's Mag. May 434 Our poet was at last wound up to the height of expectation.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. vii. 176 He had wound himself up to the last pitch of expectation.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxiii. 294 Ladies of fashion use it constantly to wind themselves up, when reduced to a little below par.
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) iv. 126/2 It is not at all easy (humanly speaking) to wind up an Englishman to a dogmatic level.
1871 ‘M. Legrand’ Cambr. Freshman 197 There's one that's what we call wound up: going to run next week in a big handicap.
1880 A. H. Huth Life & Writings H. T. Buckle II. 257 Mr. Buckle's interjections come in very usefully to help Mr. Glennie along, and wind him up again, as it were, when he has run down.
1979 Time Out 30 Nov. 11/2 The kids are proud of the successful thieving they have done, and though they'll ‘wind you up’ (take the piss) as much as they can, the conversation becomes deadly serious on certain topics.
1984 Sunday Times 26 Feb. 10/5 They started winding her up, which is not difficult since she does not have a great sense of humour.
1985 Times 11 Jan. 3/6 When he heard the car horn sound and saw the car lights flash at his window he thought his neighbour was ‘trying to wind me up’.
1987 Match 21 Mar. 5/1 All he kept saying was ‘boss, you're kidding me, boss you're winding me up’.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > turn in a particular direction
wendc1325
wind1613
to wind up1633
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > swing (in specific way) at anchor
twive1576
to wind up1633
tend1769
to break her sheer1794
tail1849
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 10 This Anker had neuer bin able to winde vp the Ship.
1639 High Court of Admiralty Exam. (P.R.O.) 18 Oct. 55 It being upon wyndeinge upp of the tide. [Cf. quot. 1691.]
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 115 The ship winds-up, that is, when she comes to ride by her Anchor.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lv Ships..have Water enough to wind up with the Tide of flood.
1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4)
Draft additions September 2021
intransitive. Caribbean. Esp. of a woman: to dance with rhythmic gyratory movements of the hips and pelvis; to move the waist, hips, etc., with a circling motion when dancing or walking. Also transitive with a part of the body as object.Cf. wine v.2, wuk v. Wine is now the more usual term.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > erotic dancing > [verb (intransitive)]
wind1790
wine1928
bump and grind1941
grind1942
belly-dance1959
wuk1973
1790 J. B. Moreton Manners & Customs West India Islands 156 Hip-saw! my deaa! you no shake like a-me! You no wind like a-me!
1916 Port of Spain Gaz. 16 Aug. 8/2 He had seen some women ‘winding’ and som men dancing.
1961 F. Hercules Where Hummingbird Flies viii. 111 ‘To play Carnival, yo' have to know how to wind.’ She revolved her backside expertly.
2015 @Vdj_Electro 22 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 24 Feb. 2021) There she was winding her booty in front me.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
windv.2
/wɪnd/, /wʌɪnd/, U.S. /wɪnd/ I. From wind n.1 I.
1.
a. transitive. To get the wind of (wind n.1 4); to perceive (an animal, a person, or thing) by the scent conveyed by the wind.†Occasionally with object clause and absol. In quot. 1607, to perceive (a sound) conveyed by the wind, to hear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [verb (transitive)] > track or perceive using sense of smell
i-stinkc1000
smellc1175
smakec1220
feelc1225
asmellc1320
savoura1382
scenta1425
winda1425
get1530
vent1575
nose1577
smell1608
resent1614
snuff1697
to get (also take, pick up) the scent1723
to carry scent1753
find1827
snuffle1871
flair1919
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) vi Somme men seith þat she bateth..hir heede, because þat the wolfe shulde wynde nothyng of hir fedynge whan she cometh agayne.
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) vi Þe wolfe is so maliciouse, when he seeth hir comme withoute fedynge, þat he goth wynde at hir musel. And if he wynde þere she hath brought any thynge, he..biteth her.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 89v You might..haue tourned the Hare you winded, and caught the game you coursed.
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xxiii. 6. 807/1 As a swyne when he hath once winded his meat, runnes on to swash himself in it.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xii. xxii. 375 A man may wind the sent of it presently a great way off.
1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. ii Any sensible snout may winde M. Amoretto and his Pomander.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 584 The greedy beast winding the voice of the Dogge.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxvii. 248 He could att a great distance wind by his nose, where wholesome fruites or rootes did grow.
1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 385 His scent how true, To winde the vapour in the tainted dew.
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. II. xxii. 126 Soon after fourteen buffaloes came; but..they got an alarm..They had winded two lions.
1880 W. Carnegie Pract. Trapping 32 A good terrier, one which will wind, and, if necessary, fight a fox.
1892 Field 7 May 695/1 Deuce dropped to birds that got up as we entered, and Dulcimer ran into a pair that she just winded before they rose.
b. intransitive. Of an animal: To sniff in order to scent or on scenting something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [verb (intransitive)] > track or perceive using sense of smell
winda1425
vent1538
to keep the wind1594
scent1596
a14252 [see sense 1a].
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 125 When a Hart pricketh vp his eares he windeth sharpe.
1842 J. W. Carleton Sporting Sketch Bk. 29 Palatine..suddenly raised his head, winded high in the air, sprung over the bushes, winded again, then leaped again.
c. figurative (transitive) To perceive by some subtle indication; to get wind of, to smell or nose out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > detect
seec1300
perceivec1330
deprehend1523
read1561
wind1583
savour1602
subodorate1606
smoke1608
detect1756
to find out1883
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > detect > (as) by the wind
to have in the wind1540
wind1583
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Qiii Philotimus winding Aurelia to haue munched on this carrion..trotted to her lodging once or twise, where she would not be sene.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N6 Talus, that could like a limehound winde her. View more context for this quotation
1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley ii. i No nose to smell, and winde out all your tricks.
1640 C. Harvey Search in Synagogue ii My senses are too weake to wind him.
a1641 J. Finett Philoxenis (1656) 13 I winding the cause to be some new buz gotten into his Braine.
1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 126 A cat, hunted for his musk, is, according to Pope's account, but the emblem of a wit winded by booksellers.
1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. ix I never knew a priest at a fault, whatever he winded.
II. From wind n.1 II.† 4. transitive. To blow (a fire, etc.). Obsolete. rare.
2.
a. transitive. To expose to the wind or air; to dry by such exposure, to air.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > by exposure to air
windc1440
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (a blast) (of the wind [verb (transitive)] > expose to wind
windc1440
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 529/1 Wyyndyd, ventilatus, vel vento et aure expositus.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 385/2 Offringitur ager,..the land is winded, fallowed, or twise laboured ouer.
1872 R. B. Smyth Mining Statist. 64 As Mr. Spear says, ‘he leaves the air to wind the ground the other 16 hours’.
b. intransitive. To ‘take wind’, become tainted by exposure to air; transitive to taint by such exposure. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by exposure to atmosphere
give1546
weather1821
wind1842
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > by exposure to atmosphere
wind1842
1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 222 A handful of salt shaken on the top of it, which keeps it from turning mouldy or winding.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 905 If the least cell of air be left in its mass…it will wind the butter.
3.
a. transitive. To sound by forcing the breath through, to blow (a wind-instrument, esp. a horn).In this sense often with past tense and participle wound, by confusion with wind v.1, perhaps due to vague suggestion from the curved form of a horn or bugle.
ΚΠ
1586 Praise of Musicke i. 17 Minerua was delighted with her pipe, and vsed euen in the assemblie of the gods very much to winde it.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. iii. sig. B3v Boy, winde thy Cornet.
1706 J. Swift To Earl of Peterborough 16 The Post-boy winds his Horn.
1747 W. Collins Odes 36 Where the Beetle winds His small but sullen Horn.
1788 G. Keate Acct. Pelew Islands iv. 33 The boatswain called all hands out to work by winding his pipe.
1790 T. Pennant Of London 243 Hunters who wound their horns.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 21 But scarce again his horn he wound.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xviii. 153 That blast was winded by the King!
1859 Ld. Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 371 Gawain..raised a bugle hanging from his neck, And winded it.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 156 Thither he made and wound the gateway horn.
b. To blow (a blast, call, or note) on a horn, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > play wind instrument [verb (transitive)] > sound horn
strakea1400
vent1601
toucha1640
wind1735
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > play wind instrument [verb (transitive)] > sound horn > sound note on
wind1735
horn1874
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 225 But that I will haue a rechate winded in my forehead. View more context for this quotation
1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 292 With Cheeks full-blown they wind Her solemn Dirge.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Winding a call, the act of blowing or piping upon a boatswain's whistle.
1888 R. L. Stevenson Black Arrow v. vi. 306 He raised a little tucket to his mouth and wound a rousing call.
c. absol. or intransitive. To blow a blast on a wind-instrument.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > play wind instrument [verb (intransitive)]
blowc1275
blast1384
toot1549
wind1600
tootle1842
tootle-too1857
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. lxiv. 86 Quintius..caused certaine cornetiers..to wind and sound before the trench.
d. transitive. To supply (an organ pipe) with wind at a particular pressure.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing keyboard instrument > play keyboard instrument [verb (transitive)] > play organ > supply pipes with wind
wind1879
1879 Organ Voicing 28 They must be winded to match those below in strength.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > set (air) in motion [verb (transitive)] > direct current of air at
blowa1398
wind1605
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > direct current of air into fire
blowa1300
puffc1475
bellows1605
wind1605
ventilate1613
fan1887
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. vii The fire..the which he had spread abroad, and winded or bellowsed in vaine.
a1660 Aphorismical Discov. in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1879) I. 69 The freshe lime shaken and winded, filled the place with its smoke.
5.
a. To deprive of ‘wind’ or breath, put out of breath, ‘blow’, ‘puff’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] > put out of breath
breathec1425
abreathea1500
overbreathe1586
blow1651
outwind1708
wind1811
pump1858
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > have or cause breathing disorder [verb (transitive)] > make short of breath
breathec1425
overbreathe1586
outwind1708
unwind1788
wind1811
pump1858
puff1909
1811 Sporting Mag. 37 18 Parkes was very faint, and apparently quite winded.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy iii ‘Two to one on Dick—he's closing.’ ‘Done! Andy will wind him yet.’
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone ii. 9 A country..where there was no hill steep enough to wind a horse in good condition.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xx He can't hardly keep from barking till he's hoarse, and rushing through and over everything till he's winded and done up.
b. To put in good wind by training.
ΚΠ
1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Aug. 10 A pointer..requires to be both winded and hardened.
6. To cause (a baby) to bring up wind after feeding; to ‘burp’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (transitive)] > belch > make (a baby) bring up wind
bubble1940
wind1958
1958 Observer 19 Oct. 10/6 My five-month-old son, though well fed, thoroughly winded and much loved, delights in yelling loud and long.
1961 Guardian 28 June 6/3 Two babies..to feed and wind and change.
1978 D. Murphy Place Apart x. 211 Paddy's wife handed him their six-months-old daughter, to be ‘winded’ while she was undressing their two-year-old son... The baby burped dutifully.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
windv.3
dialect.
To winnow. Chiefly in winding n.3
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (intransitive)] > winnow
winda1500
fan15..
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > winnow
fanc1000
van1340
winnow1382
windle14..
wim1455
wimble1553
ventilate1609
dight?1611
eventilate1623
wind1786
wecht1804
a1500 Promptorium Parvulorum 529/1 Wynewynge, wythe wyynd (K., P. wyndynge), ventilacio.
1538 Aberd. Reg. XVI. (Jam. 1825) And see the same bair wyndit & dycht.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 160 Meg fain wad to the Barn gaen, To winn three wechts o' naething.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Wind..To winnow corn. Devon.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Wind.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
> see also
also refers to : wind-comb. form1
also refers to : wind-comb. form2
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n.1c725
n.21399v.1c897v.2a1425
v.3a1500see also