withdrawv.

Brit.

/wɪðˈdrɔː/,

/wɪθˈdrɔː/, U.S.

/wɪðˈdrɔ/,

/wɪθˈdrɔ/,

/wɪðˈdrɑ/,

/wɪθˈdrɑ/

Forms: Past tense withdrew /wɪðˈdruː/; past participle withdrawn /wɪðˈdrɔːn/. Forms: see with prep. and draw v.; also Middle English widdraw; past tense Middle English wid-drogh, widrouh; past participle Middle English othedraw, 1500s withdrawed.

Etymology: < with- (in wiþi at with prep. 6) + draw v. (Compare Latin retrahĕre to retract v.¹, retray v., French retirer to retire v.).

I. transitive.

a. To take back or away (something that has been given, granted, allowed, possessed, enjoyed, or experienced).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > withdraw

withdraw?c1225

surtrayc1440

surtretec1440

abstract1449

subtracta1538

substract1542

extracta1572

draw1600

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 170 Ure lauerd..wið draweð his grace his cumfort.

c1315 Shoreham Poems vii. 490 Ich mey ȝyuen, and eke wyþ-draȝe, Al þat myn hys.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 332 Þat he no may his loue haue, Grete strengþe him doþ wiþ-drawe.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 91 Lich unto the greene tree, If that men toke his rote aweie, Riht so myn herte scholde deie, If that mi love be withdrawe.

a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 41 The sonne with drowȝ his liȝt.

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xx. 65 Now the from me withdraweth bytter deth.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xviii. B I wyl not withdrawe my mercy from him.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lv. 117 Impossible it is that God should withdraw his presence from any thing.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida ii. sig. D My mistresse..withdrewe her gratious aspect euen now.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋1 Those noursing fathers and mothers..that withdraw from them who hang vpon their breasts..liuelyhood and support.

1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 2 Withdraw No portion of your wonted favour now!

1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 126 When Life her light withdraws.

1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xxxvi. 285 They..said they'd withdraw their subscriptions from the hounds.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §8. 105 The office of sheriff was withdrawn from the great nobles of the shire.

1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xiv Then you are not disposed to withdraw your name from the concern?

†b. To subtract (arithmetically). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > subtract

to do awayOE

drawc1392

to take out of ——a1398

to take offa1400

withdrawc1400

subtray?c1425

ydraw?c1425

surtretec1440

to take away?1537

rebate1543

subtract1543

subduct?1556

substra?1558

pull?a1560

subduce?a1560

substract1559

to pull back?1574

difference1658

take1798

minus1963

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. xiv. 81 Where that it nedeth oughte to adden, or withdrawen.

c1430 Art Nombryng (1922) 6 The figures that thow hast withdraw, adde them ayene to the omyst figures.

a1500 (?1397) G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Digby 72) (1872) ii. Suppl. §45. 56 Vnder that nombere [1400] I wrote a 1397; þan with-drowe I the laste nombere owte of þat, and þan fond I þe residue was 3 ȝere.

†c. To cause to decline, decrease, or disappear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > cause to decline or fall off

withdrawc1450

decay1550

rot1567

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 45 Þat ȝe schuld..not be lettyd with no cold whech schuld withdrawe ȝour deuocion.

1546 tr. A. P. Gasser Prognostication b viij The heat of Summer shalbegynne to be wythdrawne by rayne.

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Bii^v It hath ben withdrawen and hidden (as almost al other knowlages..hath bene) through ignoraunce.

a. To draw back, take away, remove (a thing) from its place or position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away

ateec885

withbreidec890

animOE

overbearOE

to do awayOE

flitc1175

reavec1175

takec1175

to have away?a1300

to draw awayc1300

weve13..

to wend awaya1325

withdrawa1325

remuec1325

to carry away1363

to take away1372

waive1377

to long awaya1382

oftakec1390

to draw offa1398

to do froa1400

forflitc1420

amove?a1425

to carry out?a1425

surtrayc1440

surtretec1440

twistc1440

abstract1449

ostea1450

remove1459

ablatea1475

araisea1475

redd1479

dismove1480

diminish?1504

convey1530

alienate1534

retire1536

dimove1540

reversec1540

subtractc1540

submove1542

sublate1548

pare1549

to pull in1549

exempt1553

to shift off1567

retract?1570

renversec1586

aufer1587

to lay offa1593

rear1596

retrench1596

unhearse1596

exemea1600

remote1600

to set off1600

subduct1614

rob1627

extraneize1653

to bring off1656

to pull back1656

draft1742

extract1804

reef1901

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > move or draw something backwards

shrinkc1275

withdrawa1325

retreata1460

retract?a1475

revokea1500

retray1562

revolt1571

back1578

return1594

inshella1616

recede1823

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3803 Aaron..ðis fier blessede and wið-drog.

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 870 Withdraweth the fir, lest it to faste brenne.

c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 70 Reubard..withdrawys þe fleume fro þe mouth of þe stomake.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vi. 21 Syrus..withdrew þe water and destruyd þe citee.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 241 Whan a man sittyth atte mette he sholde wythdrawe his honde afor that he be y-fillit.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 352 Whan charlemagne sawe that reynawde had wythdrawe his baner, he was glad of it.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxli Whan the see ebbeth and withdraweth the grauel.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 176 I withdrew my foot a little.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 192 In prosperous days They swarm, but in adverse withdraw their head.

1834 T. Hook Gilbert Gurney iii This speech..induced me suddenly to withdraw my head.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 463 So as to admit of withdrawing, and reintroducing the vines without injuring them.

1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lviii. 587 Harriet was withdrawing her hand to open the book, when Alice detained it for a moment.

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 168 The most appropriate spot for withdrawing the gases from this furnace.

1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xxv As he spoke he had withdrawn from his pocket a folded paper.

b. To take (one's eyes, etc.) off something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > turn eyes away

withdraw1477

retract1637

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 5 He is happy that withdraweth his ere & his eye from alle vyle thinges.

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Oculorum remissio, a withdrawyng of the loke.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xxxvii. 6 Till even she, who was not easily cowed, was fain to withdraw her eyes, and turn them towards the ground.

1839 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz (new ed.) 363 As her eye caught that of Mr. Cymon Tuggs, she withdrew it from his features in bashful confusion.

c. To remove (money) from capital, or from a bank or other place of deposit.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > withdraw (money)

to call out1682

to draw out1745

withdraw1776

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 403 That part is, from that moment, withdrawn from his capital.

1828 Act 9 Geo. IV c. 92 §38 After having withdrawn any Sum or Sums of Money from or out of any Savings Banks.

1861 Act 24 Vict. c. 14 §4 The Officers of the Postmaster General..shall not disclose the Name of any Depositor nor the Amount deposited or withdrawn.

d. To draw (a veil, curtain, etc.) back or aside; to draw back (a bolt). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > uncover and expose > remove (a covering cloth, etc.)

drawc1330

undraw1677

withdraw1797

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. xi. 310 The veil was at length withdrawn.

1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 170 The sound of opening doors, withdrawing bolts, and hoarse voices hallooing from tower to tower.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ix. 284 Withdrawing the little window curtain, she gazed out.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 106 Here's the veil withdrawn from landscape.

3. figurative.

†a. To retract, revoke, rescind. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)]

fordoOE

allayOE

withdrawc1290

withclepe13..

again-callc1390

to call againc1390

repealc1390

revokec1400

unmakec1400

rive1415

annulc1425

abroge1427

uncommandc1430

discharge?a1439

retreatc1443

retract1501

cancela1513

abrogate?1520

dissolve1526

extinct1531

rescind1531

abrenounce1537

infringe1543

recall1565

unwrite1577

extinguish1590

exauctorate1593

relinquish1594

unact1594

to strike off1597

undecide1601

unpass1606

to take off1609

to draw back1610

reclaim1615

to put back1616

abrenunciate1618

unrip1622

supersedeate1641

to set off1642

unassure1643

unorder1648

to ask away1649

disdetermine1651

unbespeak1661

undecree1667

reassumea1675

off-break1702

circumduct1726

raise1837

resiliate1838

denounce1841

disorder1852

pull1937

c1290 Beket 1829 in S. Eng. Leg. 159 Ȝif þov wenest wel for-to do, with-drauȝ þine dede sone.

c1290 St. Nicholas 265 in S. Eng. Leg. 248 With-drauȝ þi red, ich þe rede.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3459 The king withdrogh his jugement.

a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 327 in Poems (1981) 121 Withdraw thy sentence, and be gracious.

b. To remove from the scope of an inquiry, from a particular category, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] > remove from the scope of something

withdraw1725

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. Observ. 116 Nausicaa..is withdrawn, and a whole nation introduced for a more general praise of Ulysses.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. v. 341 One [poem] by Hercules Rollock..is..equal, a few names withdrawn, to any of the contemporaneous poetry of France.

1848 H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 236 The next two lots were withdrawn.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 259 The marvellous element..withdraws the narrative..from the course of ordinary occurrences.

1895 Law Times Rep. 73 637/2 It was not a case which should have been withdrawn from the jury.

c. To take back, retract (one's words, an expression). Often absol. in imperative, in parliamentary procedure, to demand the withdrawal by a member of an expression or a statement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > recant or retract

to call againc1390

repealc1390

revokec1390

replyc1425

renounce1446

renayc1450

unsay1483

manswear1502

to let loose1530

to call back1533

recant1534

retract1538

unswear1591

unwish1591

swallow1597

to take back1599

retractate1600

reclaim1615

unspeak1615

recede1655

renege1679

unnotify1738

unpronounce1745

withdraw1793

palinode1892

1793 in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 37 Burke got up twice, but the House was so satisfied, that it would hear nothing, and nothing was heard but Withdraw, withdraw.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) i. 4 The Chairman was quite sure the hon. Pickwickian would withdraw the expression he had just made use of.

1880 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 20 Aug. 1756 I call upon the hon. Member to withdraw the word ‘offensive’... (Cries of ‘Withdraw!’)

d. To refrain from proceeding with or prosecuting (a course of action, a proposal, etc.); to cease to support or present (a candidate, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a matter) no further

to leave (a person or thing) alone (also one)a1475

forbear1570

to let fall1594

fall1630

waive1681

withdraw1781

to leave it at that1861

1781 W. Blackstone Rep. II. 1028 The Court allowed the Plaintiff to withdraw his Demurrer.

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 285 Mr. Alexander Briggs moved as an amendment, that [etc.]..but after some debate consented to withdraw his opposition.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. viii. 555 The latter proposition was withdrawn.

1880 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 20 Aug. 1739 Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 225 Nero..neither repeated nor withdrew his command.

1913 Act 3 & 4 George V c. 6 §1 If the candidate is withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn.

†a. To keep back or hold (one's hand); also, to withhold (a blow). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of

withdrawa1300

check1393

stayc1440

stopc1440

acheckc1450

dead1602

deaden1661

in1825

still1850

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > withhold (one's hand or a blow)

withdrawa1300

a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 859 His dent he gan wiþ-draȝe, For hi were neȝ aslaȝe.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 369 Achilles tho withdrowh his hond.

c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 52 Whanne kynges..withdrawes her hondys frome þe..poscessiouns of her subgitz.

†b. To keep back, withhold (something due, customary, or necessary); hence gen. to withhold.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > withhold or refuse to give

forbar1303

denyc1374

again-holda1382

withdrawc1386

restraina1393

to shut up1526

renounce1617

denegate1623

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 617 I koude noght withdrawe My chambre of Venus from a good felawe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21906 Þai serue him all apon þair wise, And man wit-draus his seruise.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 231 They haue preuyd þat þey with-drowe no dewete þat was wonyd & vsyd.

1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 70 The seid priour..withdraweth suche dueties as they of Right owght to take.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvi^v Whan god withdraweth his raynn..Than shall there be nother oxe ne cowe.

1580 M. Outred tr. M. Cope Godly & Learned Expos. Prouerbes Solomon (xi. 26) f. 192^v And so he [sc. Ioseph] was not a withdrawer of the corne, but a seller.

†c. To keep back, restrain (a person, his desires, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)]

pindeOE

steerc950

hold971

forbidc1000

withstewc1175

withholdc1200

stewa1225

crempa1250

bistintc1300

i-stillc1315

withdraw1340

entemperc1380

rebukec1380

forfenda1382

refraina1382

refrainc1390

restraina1393

restayc1400

retainc1415

to hold abackc1440

overholda1450

reclaim?c1450

revokec1450

bedwynge1480

sniba1500

repressa1525

rein1531

inhibit1535

to keep back1535

cohibit1544

reprimec1550

lithe1552

to rein up1574

check1581

embridle1583

to rein in1593

retrench1594

refrenate1599

to hold back1600

snip1601

becheck1605

sneap1611

trasha1616

supersede1645

reprimand1689

snape1691

to clap a guy on1814

to pull up1861

to pull in1893

withstrain1904

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 254 Þe guode man and þe wyse wyþdraȝeþ hare wyl and hare lostes..be temperance.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 393 Withdrawh thi lust and hold the stille.

c1450 Mirk's Festial 96 Forto wythdraw all men of such oþes and wordys Seynt Poule..forbedyth yche cristen man not to speke all maner ydull speche.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 51 Yf yt happe..that any..be dystracte from saynge..eny..verse..and may not say yt, but yf he withdrawe his voyce from syngynge.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 781/2 Let him go whan he wyll, he shall nat be withdrawen for me.

5. To draw away, deflect, divert (a person, his mind, etc.) from an object, pursuit, line of conduct, etc.; †also, to draw, attract; to distract. Now rare.†Occasionally const. infinitive: To divert from doing something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc.

withdraw1340

distractc1380

waive1390

wresta1400

to turn aside1535

avocate1543

detract1548

to turn off1573

take1574

swaya1593

to put out1616

to put off1631

sidetrack1887

to turn off1951

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 58 Þet hi myȝten his..uram þe guode þet hi habeþ y-conceyued wyþdraȝe.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 58 Yef þou be þine tonge wyþdraȝst ane man oþer a child wel to done.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 215 Þat man leve no worldly goodis þat wiþ~drawiþ his wille fro God.

?1477 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) II. 34 Parauenture more chargeful besynes hathe othedraw yower mynde.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxix. F iv Withdrawe towardys the, the hertes of straungers by yeftes.

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Auocamentum,..recreation, that withdraweth the mynde from heuynes or melancholy.

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia iii. f. 76 Those sorte of rascals whom hope of spoile..had wythdrawen from husbandrye and daylye labor.

a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) ii. sig. E3^v With how contrarious thoughts am I with drawne? Why linger I twixt hope and doubtfull feare.

1606 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1885) VII. 181 To alienat and withdraw thaim from thair due obedience to his Majestie.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iv. 20 Aduantagious care, With-drew me from the ods of multitude.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 33 Whatsoever is new, or great,..withdrawes a man..from the intended way of his discourse.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 612 They thought Thee to diminish, and from thee withdraw The number of thy worshippers.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. v. iv. 593 It would have been happy if he had never been withdrawn from those pursuits.

1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 10 The circumstances which have withdrawn us from the world for the rest of our days.

a. To remove (a person) from a position; to cause to retire or recede; †occasionally to take aside; spec. to cause (a force, troops) to retire from a position; to draw off from an engagement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > persons

withdrawa1450

remove1609

unstation1840

to opt out1986

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)]

reclusea1400

sequesterc1430

withdrawa1450

sequestrate1513

solitary1581

reclude1598

seclude1629

bury1711

recess1795

backwater1885

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 107 Mani that haue be withdrawe oute of abbeyes, for thaire londes.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 74 Saturne wythdrowe his peple on that oon syde.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvi His onely sauegarde and comforte, were to withdrawe hym and his compaignie into Fraunce.

a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) iii. sig. G If any wrong you..a shining blade Withdrawes a coward theefe that would inuade.

1615 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 160 I presently did withdraw him..until I had discovered that which I desired.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 87 The prisoner withdrawen.

1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) To withdraw, to call back; to make to retire.

1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xlii. 21 Where'er that Power may move Which has withdrawn his being to its own.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. ix. 237 A sounder..had..withdrawn in pursuit of him all the dogs..and the greater part of the huntsmen.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxi. 175 She would be compelled to with~draw her forces from Lesbos.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 540 Walter Scape was withdrawn from Eton, and put into a merchant's house.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xx. 186 She has withdrawn her spies.

b. Law. To remove (a juror) from the panel in order to put an end to the proceedings.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > empanel a jury > withdraw or reject (a juror)

to try out1542

withdrawa1676

to stand by1896

a1676 M. Hale De Jure Maris i. vi, in F. Hargrave Coll. Tracts Law Eng. (1787) 36 The court and the king's attorney-generall..were so well satisfied with the defendant's title, that they moved the defendant to consent to withdraw a juror.

1789 New London Mag. Sept. 458/2 And Mrs. Phillips agreed on her part that a Juror should be withdrawn.

1866 Foster & Finlason Nisi Prius Cases IV. 942 The plaintiff's counsel proposed to withdraw a juror, which was assented to.

1881 Odgers Libel & Slander 550 Actions of defamation are often compromised before the judge comes to sum up the evidence. A juror is often withdrawn, sometimes at the suggestion of the judge.

†7. = withdraw from in various senses. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise

runOE

withdraw1340

waivec1386

to pass from (also of, fro)c1449

recoil1481

to go back1530

recant1585

resile1641

shirk1778

renegea1849

slink1853

welsh1870

to throw over1891

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 895 Sin ȝe maugray ȝour miht mote hit wiþ-drawe.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 304 He with-drow the forsaid court, by the mean of a frendly accorde.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1257 Yff þow wolt drawe the to wit, & rebawdry withdrawe.

II. reflexive.

a. To remove oneself from a place or position; = 12. Now rare or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)]

fersec1000

teec1275

voida1387

withdraw1390

takea1393

avoida1400

devoida1400

shifta1400

avyec1440

trussa1450

deferc1480

remove1530

convey1535

subtractc1540

subduce1542

retire?1548

substract1549

room1566

to take off1620

to make oneself scarce1809

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 73 He him withdrowh So prively that sche ne wiste Wher he becom.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21654 Adam quen he wroȝt hauid woȝ Vndir þis tre he him wiþ-droȝ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19175 Þai badd þat þai þam suld wit-drau Quils þai samen spak a thrau.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) xxvi. 83 Þei ought to wiþdrawe hym in þe softest maner..and þan go preuyli to þei be vndir þe wynde.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 39 He wepte, and with-drow him.

1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 314/1 The said William had withdrawn him out of thys Lande.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 783/1 He hath withdrawen him selfe in some corner.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. iii. 27 Withdrawe your selues, and leaue vs here alone.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 627 Vortigern had withdrawen himselfe into these parts.

a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 177 It was requisite, that he should not withdraw himself from their Sight, at once.

1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 103 The King disguised himself, and..withdrew himself from the midst of his troops.

†b. Of combatants, troops, etc.: = 12b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (reflexive)] > retreat

withdraw1297

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3253 Þe brutons hom wiþdrowe, & þe saxons hom reste.

c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 886 Hys feren gonnen hem wyt drawe.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 169 Cirus..feyned hym to flee and wiþdrowȝ hym.

†c. Of water: = 12c. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (reflexive)] > subside or ebb

withdrawc1400

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxiv. 111 Þe see, þat before bette apon þe mount, withdrewe it.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 196 The See meveth and hym wyth-drawyth aftyr the mewynge..of the mone.

9. To remove oneself from a condition, sphere, society, etc.; = 13. Now rare or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] > withdraw from some action

detray1509

withdraw1612

notice1881

a1300 Cursor Mundi 28136 Oft als haue i me wit-draun Til vncuth pryst, and fra myn aun.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gj^v Voyces of deuyls..withdrawing them from the right waye.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cij^v It is also to be feared lest suche as would haue ioyned them selues vnto this league, wyll be affrayde nowe of this, and withdrawe them selues.

1612 J. Digby Let. 10 Oct. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 609 Some of the beste of them have withdrawen themselves from their trade.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 24 Let our Imagination therefore among multitudes of people..withdraw it selfe to some secrecie.

1663 Sc. Acts Chas. II (1820) VII. 455/2 All..persons who shall..wilfully withdraw and absent themselffs from the ordinary meitings of divine worship.

1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxix. 104 He cannot withdraw himself from the complaints..of his subjects.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. x. 569 Every man may..have the redress of withdrawing himself from the club.

1812 T. Belsham Mem. Theophilus Lindsey 348 Withdrawing himself from an office the duties of which he was so fully competent to discharge.

1865 C. Dickens Let. 21 June (1999) XI. 64 I am withdrawing myself from engagements of all kinds.

†10. To cease, refrain; = 14. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)]

withholdc1200

withdrawc1290

defendc1350

abstainc1380

holda1400

deport1477

forbear1535

check1581

detract1637

c1290 St. James 159 in S. Eng. Leg. 38 Of is luþere þouȝt þat he þouȝte for drede he him with drovȝ.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10221 Þe king of alimayne sende..To king Ion, þat he wiþdrowe him of is wou.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 10872 Of þat man hyt ys grete drede, Þat wyþdraghþ hym fro gode dede.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 52 Huanne hi wyþ-draȝeþ to do wel.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 243 He that is custumet to ette two tymes in the day, yf he wythdrawe hym sodaynly, anone he may grevaunce take.

†11. To contract. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (reflexive)] > contract

withdraw?1473

contract1626

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 248 His synewis shronke and withdrewe them.

III. intransitive.

12.

a. To go away, depart, or retire from a place or position, from some one's presence, to another room or a private place, etc.; †to draw back or turn aside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

atwendOE

awayOE

to wend awayOE

awendOE

gangOE

rimeOE

flitc1175

to fare forthc1200

depart?c1225

part?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

biwitec1300

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to draw awayc1330

passc1330

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

voidc1374

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

waive1390

to pass out ofa1398

avoida1400

to pass awaya1400

to turn awaya1400

slakec1400

wagc1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

muck1429

packc1450

recede1450

roomc1450

to show (a person) the feetc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

devoidc1485

rebatea1500

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

to go one's ways1530

retire?1543

avaunt1549

to make out1558

trudge1562

vade?1570

fly1581

leave1593

wag1594

to get off1595

to go off1600

to put off1600

shog1600

troop1600

to forsake patch1602

exit1607

hence1614

to give offa1616

to take off1657

to move off1692

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

sheera1704

to go about one's business1749

mizzle1772

to move out1792

transit1797–1803

stump it1803

to run away1809

quit1811

to clear off1816

to clear out1816

nash1819

fuff1822

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

mosey1829

slope1830

to tail out1830

to walk one's chalks1835

to take away1838

shove1844

trot1847

fade1848

evacuate1849

shag1851

to get up and get1854

to pull out1855

to cut (the) cable(s)1859

to light out1859

to pick up1872

to sling one's Daniel or hook1873

to sling (also take) one's hook1874

smoke1893

screw1896

shoot1897

voetsak1897

to tootle off1902

to ship out1908

to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909

to push off1918

to bugger off1922

biff1923

to fuck off1929

to hit, split or take the breeze1931

to jack off1931

to piss offa1935

to do a mick1937

to take a walk1937

to head off1941

to take a hike1944

moulder1945

to chuff off1947

to get lost1947

to shoot through1947

skidoo1949

to sod off1950

peel1951

bug1952

split1954

poop1961

mugger1962

frig1965

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]

to come awayeOE

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

awayOE

dealc1000

goOE

awendOE

rimeOE

to go one's wayOE

flitc1175

depart?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

to turn awaya1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

recede1450

roomc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

avaunt1549

trudge1562

vade?1570

discoast1571

leave1593

wag1594

to go off1600

troop1600

hence1614

to set on one's foota1616

to pull up one's stumps1647

quit1811

to clear out1816

slope1830

to walk one's chalks1835

shove1844

to roll out1850

to pull out1855

to light out1859

to take a run-out powder1909

to push off (also along)1923

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3983 If ðin asse ne were wið-dragen, Her suldes ðu nu wurðen slagen. [L. nisi asina declinasset de via..te occidissem, Num. xxii. 33.]

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xxii. [xi.] (Tollem. MS.) Nouȝt with~drawinge towarde þe lyfte side, oþer towarde þe ryȝt side.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 84^v He made his marouners to saylle and rowe with alle diligence for to withdrawe fro the porte.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 119 Whan she was a lytill withdrawen fro the temple.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 302/2 The people with their goodes and Cattell being fled and withdrawen into the Wooddes and Mountaynes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iv. 89 Madame withdraw, the prince..and all the gallants of the towne are come to fetch you to church.

1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. K3 I will withdraw into some other roome.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 711 Who was there, but withdrawn under a hedge with the Prince and Duke.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 35 Scarce from our upper World the Shades withdrew.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 108. ¶6 Upon withdrawing into my Room after Dinner.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 536. ⁋1 She delivered the remaining part of her Message, and with~drew.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. xiii. 298 Sophia now took the first Opportunity of withdrawing with the Ladies.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 447 A man..Who comes when call'd, and at a word withdraws.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 94 The minstrel..from the shore withdrew.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. iii. 58 I bowed slightly, and she withdrew to the countess.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 209 The men..withdrew from me, and approached the eastern boundary of the glacier.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §3. 127 By the treaty of Lambeth, Lewis promised to withdraw from England.

b. Of combatants, troops, etc.: To retire from the field of battle or any contest, or from an advanced position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat

withdraw1297

recoilc1330

give place1382

arrear1399

to draw backa1400

resortc1425

adrawc1450

recedec1450

retraya1470

returna1470

rebut1481

wyke1481

umbedrawc1485

retreata1500

retract1535

retire1542

to give back1548

regress1552

to fall back?1567

peak1576

flinch1578

to fall offa1586

to draw off1602

to give ground1607

retrograde1613

to train off1796

to beat a retreat1861

to back off1938

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (intransitive)] > retreat

withdraw1297

recoilc1330

faila1400

rere?a1400

give way1413

ruse?a1425

retreata1460

to leave place1487

wandis1487

settle1513

retire1533

retrace1539

dismarch1596

to come off1600

to fall back1602

retraicta1604

give grounda1616

recline1789

exfiltrate1980

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3681 Prest aȝen him he was & slou of hom to grounde, so þat hii gonne wiþ drawe.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12746 Lenger to iuste myght þey nought stande, But þem defended al wyþdrawande.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2015 I..will at þou knaw þat for na drede I with-draw.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 200 Whan the two oostes were withdrawen.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lix. 203 Cause your men to withdraw fro the batayle.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vii. 8 Withdraw my lord, ile helpe you to a horse.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 554 I beg your Greatness..beaten, to withdraw.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 83. ⁋10 The Confederates are preparing to withdraw into Winter Quarters.

1880 Hensman Afghan War (1881) 449 The Amir's troops..only withdrew at daylight.

†c. Of water: To subside, ebb. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (intransitive)] > recede or subside

ebbOE

wanec1290

withdrawa1300

run?a1425

a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 1399 Whanne þe se wiþ droȝe.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 599 Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 596 In armenie ðat arche stod, Ðo was wið-dragen ðat ilc flod.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 139^v Whan the see was withdrawen & ferre ebbed.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. liii. [lii]. 76/2 They founde y^e ryuers withdrawen.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2008 The wodenes of waghes wightly with droghe.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. x. 199 The tide withdrawing vpon course.

13.

a. To draw away from a person; to remove oneself or retire from a society or community, from publicity, etc.; to retire from participation in or pursuit of something; †to resign.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seek seclusion [verb (intransitive)]

withdrawc1385

to renounce the worlda1425

retirea1538

sequester1627

secede1755

to do (also pull) a Garbo1932

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 257 [331] Thow..makyst wise folk fro me withdrawe.

1540 Bible (Great) Prov. xix. 7 Hys awne frendes withdrawe from him.

1667 A. Marvell Let. 3 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 62 A large Petition from the Earle of Clarinden intimating that he was withdrawn.

1677 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1912) 3rd Ser. V. 120 Withdrawing from the publik ordinances in their owne paroch kirkes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 600 [He] wisely from th' infectious World withdrew.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 448 Now great Achilles from our Aid withdraws.

1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 108 Wisely they withdrew from that immense multiplicity of learning.

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 63 An ideal world, into which we can withdraw at pleasure.

1849 A. Scratchley Build. Societies 100 Desirous of with~drawing from the society.

1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iv. 174 Classes and ranks withdraw from each other more and more.

1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 23 Wiklif withdrew from his political and social projects.

1892 Gladstone in Daily News 4 Nov. 5/4 I have..withdrawn from all attendance at public banquets.

1911 R. R. Marett Anthropol. ix. 237 No one has a chance of withdrawing into his own soul.

†b. Of an immaterial thing, a condition, etc.: To depart, disappear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear

formeltc893

wendOE

witea1000

aworthc1000

fleec1200

fleetc1200

withdraw1297

vanish1303

voidc1374

unkithea1400

startc1405

disappearc1425

disparishc1425

to fall awayc1443

evanish?a1475

vade1495

sinka1500

vade1530

fly1535

fadea1538

melt?1567

dispear1600

relinquish1601

foist1603

dispersea1616

to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616

dissipate1626

retire1647

evaporate1713

merge1802

illude1820

to foam off1826

dislimn1833

furl1844

to step out1844

evanesce1855

shade1880

wisp1883

to go to the winds1884

walk1898

to do a disappearing act1913

to go west1916

to do (or take) a fade1949

to phase out1970

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go or move away specifically of things

forgoc950

worthOE

atgoc1175

alithec1275

withdraw1297

lenda1350

withgoa1400

to go farewellc1400

voidc1400

startc1405

overdrawa1450

recedec1450

sinkc1450

remove1481

regress1552

to-gang1596

elongate1646

abscede1650

discede1650

to take a walk1871

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6583 [He] biheld toward þe water, & is grete herte wiþdrou.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9189 Þe verste tuo ȝer god cas & hap inou..com to king steuene, ac suþþe it wiþ drou.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4698 Bot alkines welth bigan wid-drau.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 23 Dredles; deuocion hit is withdraw.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 151 Then grace withdrawyth and the fende enteryth.

†14. Const. of of infinitive. To cease or refrain from, or from doing, something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)]

to let bec1000

fastOE

withdraw1297

letc1374

forbearc1375

abstaina1382

sparec1386

respitea1393

to let alonea1400

refraina1402

supersede1449

deport1477

to hold one's handa1500

spare1508

surcease1542

detract1548

to hold back1576

hold1589

to stand by1590

to hold up1596

suspend1598

stickle1684

to hold off1861

to bottle it1988

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10893 Seint edmond..ofte him bisouȝte Þat he wiþdrowe of is dede.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 53 Ich wille þet þou loki and wyþdraȝe.

c1375 Cato Major 523 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 598 Þou most with-drawe of diuers metes, And vse no glotenie.

1450–80 tr. Secr. Secr. v. 8 Whan he withdrawith forto take the goodis and possessiones of his sugetis.

Draft additions 1993

8. To cause (a person) to undergo withdrawal from or cease the use of an addictive drug, etc.; to dry out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > moderation in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make sober

assobre1393

disintoxicate1685

sober1711

withdraw1967

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > cause addiction to drugs [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from addiction > cause to withdraw

withdraw1967

1967 Observer 26 Feb. 21/5 We take the addicts into hospital, withdraw them and turn them loose.

Draft additions 1993

16. To practise coitus interruptus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > contraception > [verb (intransitive)]

withdraw1969

1969 J. Fraser Clap Hands v. 70 Don't worry. I'll withdraw. Just give yourself, baby. I want you.

1978 F. Weldon Praxis xii. 102 Peter was..always gentlemanly, and withdrew, politely, turning away to use a handkerchief.

1992 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. (You & Your Family Suppl.) 5/1 It put me right off taking the Pill so I came off three and a half months ago—my partner now withdraws.

Draft additions 1993

17. To cease the use of an addictive drug or other substance; to undergo a period of withdrawal from addiction. Also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > cause addiction to drugs [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from addiction

to get off ——1951

withdraw1971

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > moderation in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from alcohol addiction

withdraw1971

1971 E. E. Landy Underground Dict. 199 Withdraw, stop using a physically addictive drug.

1972 Nature 14 Apr. 323/1 It is often claimed, for example, that it is more difficult to withdraw from methadone than from heroin.

1977 Washington Post 23 Dec. (Weekend section) 5/3 Some people can only withdraw from the holidays gradually. They've become shopping-addicts, can't touch anything without turning it over to look for a price tag.

1981 D. W. Goodwin Alcoholism vi. 44 Most alcoholics..have seizures only when withdrawing from alcohol.

1986 Playboy Dec. 38/1 We're a society of credit junkies,..and I want to withdraw from the drug before it's too late.

1990 Policy Rev. Winter 10/1 For the cocaine user, it is possible to withdraw without medication.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	withdraw
释义	withdrawn. Brit. /wɪðˈdrɔː/, U.S. /wɪðˈdrɔ/, /wɪðˈdrɑ/, /wɪθˈdrɔ/, /wɪθˈdrɑ/ Etymology: < withdraw v. rare. Withdrawal, removal; spec. = withdraught n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun] > for withdrawal of lawsuit withdraw1444 withdraught1600 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > withdrawal or cessation of suit withdraw1444 nonsuitc1450 retraxit1579 nonsuiting1596 withdraught1600 nonsuing1620 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > removal or taking away withdrawingc1315 remuingc1330 withdraught1340 taking awaya1382 discharginga1398 removinga1398 remotiona1425 subtraction?a1425 amovingc1443 taking offc1450 abstraction1467 way-taking1479 substracting1549 conveyance1567 sublation1567 remove1589 removal1595 exemption1598 substraction1601 supporting1608 amovement1618 subductiona1620 conveying1621 amolitiona1641 withdrawment1640 subducting1645 suffuration1651 summotion1653 amoval1657 withdraw1720 withdrawal1838 removement1846 1444 Maldon (Essex) Liber A lf. 32^v For a defaute, or a withdrawe of courte, a freman shall be amerced at iii d. 1693 C. Mather Wonders Invisible World 64 One of these Witnesses was over-perswaded by some Persons, to be out of the way upon G. B.'s Tryal; but he came afterwards with Sorrow for his withdraw. 1720 S. Sewall Diary 11 Nov. (1973) II. 968 Went not to M^m Winthrop's. This is the 2^d Withdraw. 1727 C. Mather (title) Christian Loyalty, Or, some Suitable Sentiments On the Withdraw of King George the First,..and the Access of King George the Second. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online March 2022). withdrawv. Brit. /wɪðˈdrɔː/, /wɪθˈdrɔː/, U.S. /wɪðˈdrɔ/, /wɪθˈdrɔ/, /wɪðˈdrɑ/, /wɪθˈdrɑ/ Forms: Past tense withdrew /wɪðˈdruː/; past participle withdrawn /wɪðˈdrɔːn/. Forms: see with prep. and draw v.; also Middle English widdraw; past tense Middle English wid-drogh, widrouh; past participle Middle English othedraw, 1500s withdrawed. Etymology: < with- (in wiþi at with prep. 6) + draw v. (Compare Latin retrahĕre to retract v.¹, retray v., French retirer to retire v.). I. transitive. 1. a. To take back or away (something that has been given, granted, allowed, possessed, enjoyed, or experienced). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > withdraw withdraw?c1225 surtrayc1440 surtretec1440 abstract1449 subtracta1538 substract1542 extracta1572 draw1600 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 170 Ure lauerd..wið draweð his grace his cumfort. c1315 Shoreham Poems vii. 490 Ich mey ȝyuen, and eke wyþ-draȝe, Al þat myn hys. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 332 Þat he no may his loue haue, Grete strengþe him doþ wiþ-drawe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 91 Lich unto the greene tree, If that men toke his rote aweie, Riht so myn herte scholde deie, If that mi love be withdrawe. a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 41 The sonne with drowȝ his liȝt. c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xx. 65 Now the from me withdraweth bytter deth. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xviii. B I wyl not withdrawe my mercy from him. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lv. 117 Impossible it is that God should withdraw his presence from any thing. 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida ii. sig. D My mistresse..withdrewe her gratious aspect euen now. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋1 Those noursing fathers and mothers..that withdraw from them who hang vpon their breasts..liuelyhood and support. 1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 2 Withdraw No portion of your wonted favour now! 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 126 When Life her light withdraws. 1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xxxvi. 285 They..said they'd withdraw their subscriptions from the hounds. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §8. 105 The office of sheriff was withdrawn from the great nobles of the shire. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xiv Then you are not disposed to withdraw your name from the concern? †b. To subtract (arithmetically). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > subtract to do awayOE drawc1392 to take out of ——a1398 to take offa1400 withdrawc1400 subtray?c1425 ydraw?c1425 surtretec1440 to take away?1537 rebate1543 subtract1543 subduct?1556 substra?1558 pull?a1560 subduce?a1560 substract1559 to pull back?1574 difference1658 take1798 minus1963 c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. xiv. 81 Where that it nedeth oughte to adden, or withdrawen. c1430 Art Nombryng (1922) 6 The figures that thow hast withdraw, adde them ayene to the omyst figures. a1500 (?1397) G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Digby 72) (1872) ii. Suppl. §45. 56 Vnder that nombere [1400] I wrote a 1397; þan with-drowe I the laste nombere owte of þat, and þan fond I þe residue was 3 ȝere. †c. To cause to decline, decrease, or disappear. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > cause to decline or fall off withdrawc1450 decay1550 rot1567 c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 45 Þat ȝe schuld..not be lettyd with no cold whech schuld withdrawe ȝour deuocion. 1546 tr. A. P. Gasser Prognostication b viij The heat of Summer shalbegynne to be wythdrawne by rayne. 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Bii^v It hath ben withdrawen and hidden (as almost al other knowlages..hath bene) through ignoraunce. 2. a. To draw back, take away, remove (a thing) from its place or position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away ateec885 withbreidec890 animOE overbearOE to do awayOE flitc1175 reavec1175 takec1175 to have away?a1300 to draw awayc1300 weve13.. to wend awaya1325 withdrawa1325 remuec1325 to carry away1363 to take away1372 waive1377 to long awaya1382 oftakec1390 to draw offa1398 to do froa1400 forflitc1420 amove?a1425 to carry out?a1425 surtrayc1440 surtretec1440 twistc1440 abstract1449 ostea1450 remove1459 ablatea1475 araisea1475 redd1479 dismove1480 diminish?1504 convey1530 alienate1534 retire1536 dimove1540 reversec1540 subtractc1540 submove1542 sublate1548 pare1549 to pull in1549 exempt1553 to shift off1567 retract?1570 renversec1586 aufer1587 to lay offa1593 rear1596 retrench1596 unhearse1596 exemea1600 remote1600 to set off1600 subduct1614 rob1627 extraneize1653 to bring off1656 to pull back1656 draft1742 extract1804 reef1901 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > move or draw something backwards shrinkc1275 withdrawa1325 retreata1460 retract?a1475 revokea1500 retray1562 revolt1571 back1578 return1594 inshella1616 recede1823 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3803 Aaron..ðis fier blessede and wið-drog. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 870 Withdraweth the fir, lest it to faste brenne. c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 70 Reubard..withdrawys þe fleume fro þe mouth of þe stomake. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vi. 21 Syrus..withdrew þe water and destruyd þe citee. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 241 Whan a man sittyth atte mette he sholde wythdrawe his honde afor that he be y-fillit. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 352 Whan charlemagne sawe that reynawde had wythdrawe his baner, he was glad of it. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxli Whan the see ebbeth and withdraweth the grauel. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 176 I withdrew my foot a little. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 192 In prosperous days They swarm, but in adverse withdraw their head. View more context for this quotation 1834 T. Hook Gilbert Gurney iii This speech..induced me suddenly to withdraw my head. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 463 So as to admit of withdrawing, and reintroducing the vines without injuring them. 1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lviii. 587 Harriet was withdrawing her hand to open the book, when Alice detained it for a moment. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 168 The most appropriate spot for withdrawing the gases from this furnace. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xxv As he spoke he had withdrawn from his pocket a folded paper. b. To take (one's eyes, etc.) off something. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > turn eyes away withdraw1477 retract1637 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 5 He is happy that withdraweth his ere & his eye from alle vyle thinges. 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Oculorum remissio, a withdrawyng of the loke. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xxxvii. 6 Till even she, who was not easily cowed, was fain to withdraw her eyes, and turn them towards the ground. 1839 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz (new ed.) 363 As her eye caught that of Mr. Cymon Tuggs, she withdrew it from his features in bashful confusion. c. To remove (money) from capital, or from a bank or other place of deposit. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > withdraw (money) to call out1682 to draw out1745 withdraw1776 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 403 That part is, from that moment, withdrawn from his capital. View more context for this quotation 1828 Act 9 Geo. IV c. 92 §38 After having withdrawn any Sum or Sums of Money from or out of any Savings Banks. 1861 Act 24 Vict. c. 14 §4 The Officers of the Postmaster General..shall not disclose the Name of any Depositor nor the Amount deposited or withdrawn. d. To draw (a veil, curtain, etc.) back or aside; to draw back (a bolt). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > uncover and expose > remove (a covering cloth, etc.) drawc1330 undraw1677 withdraw1797 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. xi. 310 The veil was at length withdrawn. 1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 170 The sound of opening doors, withdrawing bolts, and hoarse voices hallooing from tower to tower. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ix. 284 Withdrawing the little window curtain, she gazed out. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 106 Here's the veil withdrawn from landscape. 3. figurative. †a. To retract, revoke, rescind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] fordoOE allayOE withdrawc1290 withclepe13.. again-callc1390 to call againc1390 repealc1390 revokec1400 unmakec1400 rive1415 annulc1425 abroge1427 uncommandc1430 discharge?a1439 retreatc1443 retract1501 cancela1513 abrogate?1520 dissolve1526 extinct1531 rescind1531 abrenounce1537 infringe1543 recall1565 unwrite1577 extinguish1590 exauctorate1593 relinquish1594 unact1594 to strike off1597 undecide1601 unpass1606 to take off1609 to draw back1610 reclaim1615 to put back1616 abrenunciate1618 unrip1622 supersedeate1641 to set off1642 unassure1643 unorder1648 to ask away1649 disdetermine1651 unbespeak1661 undecree1667 reassumea1675 off-break1702 circumduct1726 raise1837 resiliate1838 denounce1841 disorder1852 pull1937 c1290 Beket 1829 in S. Eng. Leg. 159 Ȝif þov wenest wel for-to do, with-drauȝ þine dede sone. c1290 St. Nicholas 265 in S. Eng. Leg. 248 With-drauȝ þi red, ich þe rede. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3459 The king withdrogh his jugement. a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 327 in Poems (1981) 121 Withdraw thy sentence, and be gracious. b. To remove from the scope of an inquiry, from a particular category, or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] > remove from the scope of something withdraw1725 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. Observ. 116 Nausicaa..is withdrawn, and a whole nation introduced for a more general praise of Ulysses. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. v. 341 One [poem] by Hercules Rollock..is..equal, a few names withdrawn, to any of the contemporaneous poetry of France. 1848 H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 236 The next two lots were withdrawn. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 259 The marvellous element..withdraws the narrative..from the course of ordinary occurrences. 1895 Law Times Rep. 73 637/2 It was not a case which should have been withdrawn from the jury. c. To take back, retract (one's words, an expression). Often absol. in imperative, in parliamentary procedure, to demand the withdrawal by a member of an expression or a statement. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > recant or retract to call againc1390 repealc1390 revokec1390 replyc1425 renounce1446 renayc1450 unsay1483 manswear1502 to let loose1530 to call back1533 recant1534 retract1538 unswear1591 unwish1591 swallow1597 to take back1599 retractate1600 reclaim1615 unspeak1615 recede1655 renege1679 unnotify1738 unpronounce1745 withdraw1793 palinode1892 1793 in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 37 Burke got up twice, but the House was so satisfied, that it would hear nothing, and nothing was heard but Withdraw, withdraw. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) i. 4 The Chairman was quite sure the hon. Pickwickian would withdraw the expression he had just made use of. 1880 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 20 Aug. 1756 I call upon the hon. Member to withdraw the word ‘offensive’... (Cries of ‘Withdraw!’) d. To refrain from proceeding with or prosecuting (a course of action, a proposal, etc.); to cease to support or present (a candidate, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a matter) no further to leave (a person or thing) alone (also one)a1475 forbear1570 to let fall1594 fall1630 waive1681 withdraw1781 to leave it at that1861 1781 W. Blackstone Rep. II. 1028 The Court allowed the Plaintiff to withdraw his Demurrer. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 285 Mr. Alexander Briggs moved as an amendment, that [etc.]..but after some debate consented to withdraw his opposition. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. viii. 555 The latter proposition was withdrawn. 1880 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 20 Aug. 1739 Amendment, by leave, withdrawn. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 225 Nero..neither repeated nor withdrew his command. 1913 Act 3 & 4 George V c. 6 §1 If the candidate is withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn. 4. †a. To keep back or hold (one's hand); also, to withhold (a blow). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of withdrawa1300 check1393 stayc1440 stopc1440 acheckc1450 dead1602 deaden1661 in1825 still1850 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > withhold (one's hand or a blow) withdrawa1300 a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 859 His dent he gan wiþ-draȝe, For hi were neȝ aslaȝe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 369 Achilles tho withdrowh his hond. c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 52 Whanne kynges..withdrawes her hondys frome þe..poscessiouns of her subgitz. †b. To keep back, withhold (something due, customary, or necessary); hence gen. to withhold. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > withhold or refuse to give forbar1303 denyc1374 again-holda1382 withdrawc1386 restraina1393 to shut up1526 renounce1617 denegate1623 c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 617 I koude noght withdrawe My chambre of Venus from a good felawe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21906 Þai serue him all apon þair wise, And man wit-draus his seruise. c1450 Godstow Reg. 231 They haue preuyd þat þey with-drowe no dewete þat was wonyd & vsyd. 1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 70 The seid priour..withdraweth suche dueties as they of Right owght to take. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvi^v Whan god withdraweth his raynn..Than shall there be nother oxe ne cowe. 1580 M. Outred tr. M. Cope Godly & Learned Expos. Prouerbes Solomon (xi. 26) f. 192^v And so he [sc. Ioseph] was not a withdrawer of the corne, but a seller. †c. To keep back, restrain (a person, his desires, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] pindeOE steerc950 hold971 forbidc1000 withstewc1175 withholdc1200 stewa1225 crempa1250 bistintc1300 i-stillc1315 withdraw1340 entemperc1380 rebukec1380 forfenda1382 refraina1382 refrainc1390 restraina1393 restayc1400 retainc1415 to hold abackc1440 overholda1450 reclaim?c1450 revokec1450 bedwynge1480 sniba1500 repressa1525 rein1531 inhibit1535 to keep back1535 cohibit1544 reprimec1550 lithe1552 to rein up1574 check1581 embridle1583 to rein in1593 retrench1594 refrenate1599 to hold back1600 snip1601 becheck1605 sneap1611 trasha1616 supersede1645 reprimand1689 snape1691 to clap a guy on1814 to pull up1861 to pull in1893 withstrain1904 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 254 Þe guode man and þe wyse wyþdraȝeþ hare wyl and hare lostes..be temperance. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 393 Withdrawh thi lust and hold the stille. c1450 Mirk's Festial 96 Forto wythdraw all men of such oþes and wordys Seynt Poule..forbedyth yche cristen man not to speke all maner ydull speche. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 51 Yf yt happe..that any..be dystracte from saynge..eny..verse..and may not say yt, but yf he withdrawe his voyce from syngynge. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 781/2 Let him go whan he wyll, he shall nat be withdrawen for me. 5. To draw away, deflect, divert (a person, his mind, etc.) from an object, pursuit, line of conduct, etc.; †also, to draw, attract; to distract. Now rare.†Occasionally const. infinitive: To divert from doing something. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc. withdraw1340 distractc1380 waive1390 wresta1400 to turn aside1535 avocate1543 detract1548 to turn off1573 take1574 swaya1593 to put out1616 to put off1631 sidetrack1887 to turn off1951 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 58 Þet hi myȝten his..uram þe guode þet hi habeþ y-conceyued wyþdraȝe. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 58 Yef þou be þine tonge wyþdraȝst ane man oþer a child wel to done. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 215 Þat man leve no worldly goodis þat wiþ~drawiþ his wille fro God. ?1477 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) II. 34 Parauenture more chargeful besynes hathe othedraw yower mynde. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxix. F iv Withdrawe towardys the, the hertes of straungers by yeftes. 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Auocamentum,..recreation, that withdraweth the mynde from heuynes or melancholy. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia iii. f. 76 Those sorte of rascals whom hope of spoile..had wythdrawen from husbandrye and daylye labor. a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) ii. sig. E3^v With how contrarious thoughts am I with drawne? Why linger I twixt hope and doubtfull feare. 1606 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1885) VII. 181 To alienat and withdraw thaim from thair due obedience to his Majestie. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iv. 20 Aduantagious care, With-drew me from the ods of multitude. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 33 Whatsoever is new, or great,..withdrawes a man..from the intended way of his discourse. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 612 They thought Thee to diminish, and from thee withdraw The number of thy worshippers. View more context for this quotation 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. v. iv. 593 It would have been happy if he had never been withdrawn from those pursuits. 1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 10 The circumstances which have withdrawn us from the world for the rest of our days. 6. a. To remove (a person) from a position; to cause to retire or recede; †occasionally to take aside; spec. to cause (a force, troops) to retire from a position; to draw off from an engagement. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > persons withdrawa1450 remove1609 unstation1840 to opt out1986 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)] reclusea1400 sequesterc1430 withdrawa1450 sequestrate1513 solitary1581 reclude1598 seclude1629 bury1711 recess1795 backwater1885 a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 107 Mani that haue be withdrawe oute of abbeyes, for thaire londes. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 74 Saturne wythdrowe his peple on that oon syde. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvi His onely sauegarde and comforte, were to withdrawe hym and his compaignie into Fraunce. a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) iii. sig. G If any wrong you..a shining blade Withdrawes a coward theefe that would inuade. 1615 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 160 I presently did withdraw him..until I had discovered that which I desired. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 87 The prisoner withdrawen. 1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) To withdraw, to call back; to make to retire. 1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xlii. 21 Where'er that Power may move Which has withdrawn his being to its own. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. ix. 237 A sounder..had..withdrawn in pursuit of him all the dogs..and the greater part of the huntsmen. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxi. 175 She would be compelled to with~draw her forces from Lesbos. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 540 Walter Scape was withdrawn from Eton, and put into a merchant's house. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xx. 186 She has withdrawn her spies. b. Law. To remove (a juror) from the panel in order to put an end to the proceedings. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > empanel a jury > withdraw or reject (a juror) to try out1542 withdrawa1676 to stand by1896 a1676 M. Hale De Jure Maris i. vi, in F. Hargrave Coll. Tracts Law Eng. (1787) 36 The court and the king's attorney-generall..were so well satisfied with the defendant's title, that they moved the defendant to consent to withdraw a juror. 1789 New London Mag. Sept. 458/2 And Mrs. Phillips agreed on her part that a Juror should be withdrawn. 1866 Foster & Finlason Nisi Prius Cases IV. 942 The plaintiff's counsel proposed to withdraw a juror, which was assented to. 1881 Odgers Libel & Slander 550 Actions of defamation are often compromised before the judge comes to sum up the evidence. A juror is often withdrawn, sometimes at the suggestion of the judge. †7. = withdraw from in various senses. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise runOE withdraw1340 waivec1386 to pass from (also of, fro)c1449 recoil1481 to go back1530 recant1585 resile1641 shirk1778 renegea1849 slink1853 welsh1870 to throw over1891 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 895 Sin ȝe maugray ȝour miht mote hit wiþ-drawe. c1450 Godstow Reg. 304 He with-drow the forsaid court, by the mean of a frendly accorde. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1257 Yff þow wolt drawe the to wit, & rebawdry withdrawe. II. reflexive. 8. a. To remove oneself from a place or position; = 12. Now rare or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] fersec1000 teec1275 voida1387 withdraw1390 takea1393 avoida1400 devoida1400 shifta1400 avyec1440 trussa1450 deferc1480 remove1530 convey1535 subtractc1540 subduce1542 retire?1548 substract1549 room1566 to take off1620 to make oneself scarce1809 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 73 He him withdrowh So prively that sche ne wiste Wher he becom. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21654 Adam quen he wroȝt hauid woȝ Vndir þis tre he him wiþ-droȝ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19175 Þai badd þat þai þam suld wit-drau Quils þai samen spak a thrau. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) xxvi. 83 Þei ought to wiþdrawe hym in þe softest maner..and þan go preuyli to þei be vndir þe wynde. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 39 He wepte, and with-drow him. 1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 314/1 The said William had withdrawn him out of thys Lande. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 783/1 He hath withdrawen him selfe in some corner. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. iii. 27 Withdrawe your selues, and leaue vs here alone. View more context for this quotation 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 627 Vortigern had withdrawen himselfe into these parts. a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 177 It was requisite, that he should not withdraw himself from their Sight, at once. 1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 103 The King disguised himself, and..withdrew himself from the midst of his troops. †b. Of combatants, troops, etc.: = 12b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (reflexive)] > retreat withdraw1297 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3253 Þe brutons hom wiþdrowe, & þe saxons hom reste. c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 886 Hys feren gonnen hem wyt drawe. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 169 Cirus..feyned hym to flee and wiþdrowȝ hym. †c. Of water: = 12c. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (reflexive)] > subside or ebb withdrawc1400 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxiv. 111 Þe see, þat before bette apon þe mount, withdrewe it. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 196 The See meveth and hym wyth-drawyth aftyr the mewynge..of the mone. 9. To remove oneself from a condition, sphere, society, etc.; = 13. Now rare or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] > withdraw from some action detray1509 withdraw1612 notice1881 a1300 Cursor Mundi 28136 Oft als haue i me wit-draun Til vncuth pryst, and fra myn aun. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gj^v Voyces of deuyls..withdrawing them from the right waye. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cij^v It is also to be feared lest suche as would haue ioyned them selues vnto this league, wyll be affrayde nowe of this, and withdrawe them selues. 1612 J. Digby Let. 10 Oct. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 609 Some of the beste of them have withdrawen themselves from their trade. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 24 Let our Imagination therefore among multitudes of people..withdraw it selfe to some secrecie. 1663 Sc. Acts Chas. II (1820) VII. 455/2 All..persons who shall..wilfully withdraw and absent themselffs from the ordinary meitings of divine worship. 1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxix. 104 He cannot withdraw himself from the complaints..of his subjects. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. x. 569 Every man may..have the redress of withdrawing himself from the club. 1812 T. Belsham Mem. Theophilus Lindsey 348 Withdrawing himself from an office the duties of which he was so fully competent to discharge. 1865 C. Dickens Let. 21 June (1999) XI. 64 I am withdrawing myself from engagements of all kinds. †10. To cease, refrain; = 14. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] withholdc1200 withdrawc1290 defendc1350 abstainc1380 holda1400 deport1477 forbear1535 check1581 detract1637 c1290 St. James 159 in S. Eng. Leg. 38 Of is luþere þouȝt þat he þouȝte for drede he him with drovȝ. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10221 Þe king of alimayne sende..To king Ion, þat he wiþdrowe him of is wou. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 10872 Of þat man hyt ys grete drede, Þat wyþdraghþ hym fro gode dede. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 52 Huanne hi wyþ-draȝeþ to do wel. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 243 He that is custumet to ette two tymes in the day, yf he wythdrawe hym sodaynly, anone he may grevaunce take. †11. To contract. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (reflexive)] > contract withdraw?1473 contract1626 ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 248 His synewis shronke and withdrewe them. III. intransitive. 12. a. To go away, depart, or retire from a place or position, from some one's presence, to another room or a private place, etc.; †to draw back or turn aside. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE atwendOE awayOE to wend awayOE awendOE gangOE rimeOE flitc1175 to fare forthc1200 depart?c1225 part?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 biwitec1300 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to draw awayc1330 passc1330 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 voidc1374 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 waive1390 to pass out ofa1398 avoida1400 to pass awaya1400 to turn awaya1400 slakec1400 wagc1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 muck1429 packc1450 recede1450 roomc1450 to show (a person) the feetc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 devoidc1485 rebatea1500 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 to go one's ways1530 retire?1543 avaunt1549 to make out1558 trudge1562 vade?1570 fly1581 leave1593 wag1594 to get off1595 to go off1600 to put off1600 shog1600 troop1600 to forsake patch1602 exit1607 hence1614 to give offa1616 to take off1657 to move off1692 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 sheera1704 to go about one's business1749 mizzle1772 to move out1792 transit1797–1803 stump it1803 to run away1809 quit1811 to clear off1816 to clear out1816 nash1819 fuff1822 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 mosey1829 slope1830 to tail out1830 to walk one's chalks1835 to take away1838 shove1844 trot1847 fade1848 evacuate1849 shag1851 to get up and get1854 to pull out1855 to cut (the) cable(s)1859 to light out1859 to pick up1872 to sling one's Daniel or hook1873 to sling (also take) one's hook1874 smoke1893 screw1896 shoot1897 voetsak1897 to tootle off1902 to ship out1908 to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909 to push off1918 to bugger off1922 biff1923 to fuck off1929 to hit, split or take the breeze1931 to jack off1931 to piss offa1935 to do a mick1937 to take a walk1937 to head off1941 to take a hike1944 moulder1945 to chuff off1947 to get lost1947 to shoot through1947 skidoo1949 to sod off1950 peel1951 bug1952 split1954 poop1961 mugger1962 frig1965 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] to come awayeOE wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE awayOE dealc1000 goOE awendOE rimeOE to go one's wayOE flitc1175 depart?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 to turn awaya1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 recede1450 roomc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 avaunt1549 trudge1562 vade?1570 discoast1571 leave1593 wag1594 to go off1600 troop1600 hence1614 to set on one's foota1616 to pull up one's stumps1647 quit1811 to clear out1816 slope1830 to walk one's chalks1835 shove1844 to roll out1850 to pull out1855 to light out1859 to take a run-out powder1909 to push off (also along)1923 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3983 If ðin asse ne were wið-dragen, Her suldes ðu nu wurðen slagen. [L. nisi asina declinasset de via..te occidissem, Num. xxii. 33.] 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xxii. [xi.] (Tollem. MS.) Nouȝt with~drawinge towarde þe lyfte side, oþer towarde þe ryȝt side. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 84^v He made his marouners to saylle and rowe with alle diligence for to withdrawe fro the porte. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 119 Whan she was a lytill withdrawen fro the temple. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 302/2 The people with their goodes and Cattell being fled and withdrawen into the Wooddes and Mountaynes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iv. 89 Madame withdraw, the prince..and all the gallants of the towne are come to fetch you to church. View more context for this quotation 1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. K3 I will withdraw into some other roome. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 711 Who was there, but withdrawn under a hedge with the Prince and Duke. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 35 Scarce from our upper World the Shades withdrew. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 108. ¶6 Upon withdrawing into my Room after Dinner. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 536. ⁋1 She delivered the remaining part of her Message, and with~drew. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. xiii. 298 Sophia now took the first Opportunity of withdrawing with the Ladies. View more context for this quotation 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 447 A man..Who comes when call'd, and at a word withdraws. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 94 The minstrel..from the shore withdrew. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. iii. 58 I bowed slightly, and she withdrew to the countess. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 209 The men..withdrew from me, and approached the eastern boundary of the glacier. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §3. 127 By the treaty of Lambeth, Lewis promised to withdraw from England. b. Of combatants, troops, etc.: To retire from the field of battle or any contest, or from an advanced position. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat withdraw1297 recoilc1330 give place1382 arrear1399 to draw backa1400 resortc1425 adrawc1450 recedec1450 retraya1470 returna1470 rebut1481 wyke1481 umbedrawc1485 retreata1500 retract1535 retire1542 to give back1548 regress1552 to fall back?1567 peak1576 flinch1578 to fall offa1586 to draw off1602 to give ground1607 retrograde1613 to train off1796 to beat a retreat1861 to back off1938 society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (intransitive)] > retreat withdraw1297 recoilc1330 faila1400 rere?a1400 give way1413 ruse?a1425 retreata1460 to leave place1487 wandis1487 settle1513 retire1533 retrace1539 dismarch1596 to come off1600 to fall back1602 retraicta1604 give grounda1616 recline1789 exfiltrate1980 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3681 Prest aȝen him he was & slou of hom to grounde, so þat hii gonne wiþ drawe. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12746 Lenger to iuste myght þey nought stande, But þem defended al wyþdrawande. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2015 I..will at þou knaw þat for na drede I with-draw. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 200 Whan the two oostes were withdrawen. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lix. 203 Cause your men to withdraw fro the batayle. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vii. 8 Withdraw my lord, ile helpe you to a horse. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 554 I beg your Greatness..beaten, to withdraw. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 83. ⁋10 The Confederates are preparing to withdraw into Winter Quarters. 1880 Hensman Afghan War (1881) 449 The Amir's troops..only withdrew at daylight. †c. Of water: To subside, ebb. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (intransitive)] > recede or subside ebbOE wanec1290 withdrawa1300 run?a1425 a1300 K. Horn (Cambr.) 1399 Whanne þe se wiþ droȝe. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 599 Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 596 In armenie ðat arche stod, Ðo was wið-dragen ðat ilc flod. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 139^v Whan the see was withdrawen & ferre ebbed. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. liii. [lii]. 76/2 They founde y^e ryuers withdrawen. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2008 The wodenes of waghes wightly with droghe. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. x. 199 The tide withdrawing vpon course. 13. a. To draw away from a person; to remove oneself or retire from a society or community, from publicity, etc.; to retire from participation in or pursuit of something; †to resign. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seek seclusion [verb (intransitive)] withdrawc1385 to renounce the worlda1425 retirea1538 sequester1627 secede1755 to do (also pull) a Garbo1932 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 257 [331] Thow..makyst wise folk fro me withdrawe. 1540 Bible (Great) Prov. xix. 7 Hys awne frendes withdrawe from him. 1667 A. Marvell Let. 3 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 62 A large Petition from the Earle of Clarinden intimating that he was withdrawn. 1677 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1912) 3rd Ser. V. 120 Withdrawing from the publik ordinances in their owne paroch kirkes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 600 [He] wisely from th' infectious World withdrew. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 448 Now great Achilles from our Aid withdraws. 1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 108 Wisely they withdrew from that immense multiplicity of learning. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 63 An ideal world, into which we can withdraw at pleasure. 1849 A. Scratchley Build. Societies 100 Desirous of with~drawing from the society. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iv. 174 Classes and ranks withdraw from each other more and more. 1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 23 Wiklif withdrew from his political and social projects. 1892 Gladstone in Daily News 4 Nov. 5/4 I have..withdrawn from all attendance at public banquets. 1911 R. R. Marett Anthropol. ix. 237 No one has a chance of withdrawing into his own soul. †b. Of an immaterial thing, a condition, etc.: To depart, disappear. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear formeltc893 wendOE witea1000 aworthc1000 fleec1200 fleetc1200 withdraw1297 vanish1303 voidc1374 unkithea1400 startc1405 disappearc1425 disparishc1425 to fall awayc1443 evanish?a1475 vade1495 sinka1500 vade1530 fly1535 fadea1538 melt?1567 dispear1600 relinquish1601 foist1603 dispersea1616 to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616 dissipate1626 retire1647 evaporate1713 merge1802 illude1820 to foam off1826 dislimn1833 furl1844 to step out1844 evanesce1855 shade1880 wisp1883 to go to the winds1884 walk1898 to do a disappearing act1913 to go west1916 to do (or take) a fade1949 to phase out1970 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go or move away specifically of things forgoc950 worthOE atgoc1175 alithec1275 withdraw1297 lenda1350 withgoa1400 to go farewellc1400 voidc1400 startc1405 overdrawa1450 recedec1450 sinkc1450 remove1481 regress1552 to-gang1596 elongate1646 abscede1650 discede1650 to take a walk1871 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6583 [He] biheld toward þe water, & is grete herte wiþdrou. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9189 Þe verste tuo ȝer god cas & hap inou..com to king steuene, ac suþþe it wiþ drou. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4698 Bot alkines welth bigan wid-drau. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 23 Dredles; deuocion hit is withdraw. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 151 Then grace withdrawyth and the fende enteryth. †14. Const. of of infinitive. To cease or refrain from, or from doing, something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] to let bec1000 fastOE withdraw1297 letc1374 forbearc1375 abstaina1382 sparec1386 respitea1393 to let alonea1400 refraina1402 supersede1449 deport1477 to hold one's handa1500 spare1508 surcease1542 detract1548 to hold back1576 hold1589 to stand by1590 to hold up1596 suspend1598 stickle1684 to hold off1861 to bottle it1988 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10893 Seint edmond..ofte him bisouȝte Þat he wiþdrowe of is dede. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 53 Ich wille þet þou loki and wyþdraȝe. c1375 Cato Major 523 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 598 Þou most with-drawe of diuers metes, And vse no glotenie. 1450–80 tr. Secr. Secr. v. 8 Whan he withdrawith forto take the goodis and possessiones of his sugetis. Draft additions 1993 8. To cause (a person) to undergo withdrawal from or cease the use of an addictive drug, etc.; to dry out. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > moderation in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make sober assobre1393 disintoxicate1685 sober1711 withdraw1967 the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > cause addiction to drugs [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from addiction > cause to withdraw withdraw1967 1967 Observer 26 Feb. 21/5 We take the addicts into hospital, withdraw them and turn them loose. Draft additions 1993 16. To practise coitus interruptus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > contraception > [verb (intransitive)] withdraw1969 1969 J. Fraser Clap Hands v. 70 Don't worry. I'll withdraw. Just give yourself, baby. I want you. 1978 F. Weldon Praxis xii. 102 Peter was..always gentlemanly, and withdrew, politely, turning away to use a handkerchief. 1992 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. (You & Your Family Suppl.) 5/1 It put me right off taking the Pill so I came off three and a half months ago—my partner now withdraws. Draft additions 1993 17. To cease the use of an addictive drug or other substance; to undergo a period of withdrawal from addiction. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > cause addiction to drugs [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from addiction to get off ——1951 withdraw1971 the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > moderation in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from alcohol addiction withdraw1971 1971 E. E. Landy Underground Dict. 199 Withdraw, stop using a physically addictive drug. 1972 Nature 14 Apr. 323/1 It is often claimed, for example, that it is more difficult to withdraw from methadone than from heroin. 1977 Washington Post 23 Dec. (Weekend section) 5/3 Some people can only withdraw from the holidays gradually. They've become shopping-addicts, can't touch anything without turning it over to look for a price tag. 1981 D. W. Goodwin Alcoholism vi. 44 Most alcoholics..have seizures only when withdrawing from alcohol. 1986 Playboy Dec. 38/1 We're a society of credit junkies,..and I want to withdraw from the drug before it's too late. 1990 Policy Rev. Winter 10/1 For the cocaine user, it is possible to withdraw without medication. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1444v.?c1225
随便看	cut down cut down to size cut drop cut etc down to size cut etc out of the whole cloth cut etc out of whole cloth cut eyes cut faces cut glass cut goring cut ice cut ice with someone cut in cut in gobbets cut in pieces cut in to cut into cut into gobbets cut it cut it fat cut it fine cut it out cut it too fat cut long thongs of other men's hides cut loose