windwardn.adj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈwɪndwəd/, U.S.

/ˈwɪn(d)wərd/

Forms: Also 1500s Scottish wyndwart, vynduart, 1600s winward, 1800s win'ard.

Etymology: < wind n.¹ + -ward suffix. (In all senses the opposite of leeward adj. and adv.)

A. n.

a. to (the) windward (also formerly with other prepositions): to the windward side or direction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > alongside [phrase] > on the side facing or away from the wind

under the windc1425

to (the) windwardc1550

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction

to the windc1330

to (the) windwardc1550

with the wind1577

in the wind1580

to the weatherward1589

up (the) wind1611

down (the) winda1616

windward1690

weatherly1708

up-wind1838

into the wind1918

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 The said galiasse in schort tyme cam on vynduart of the tothir schip.

1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 4 To lat down ane grete dele thair hie sailis, and hald to wyndwart.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 A sayle, how stands she, to windward or leyward.

1666 Duke of Albemarle Let. 31 May in Catal. Greek & Latin Classics (Bernard Quaritch Ltd.) (1900) II. 102 Sir William Berkeley kept his course, at which a gun was fired at winward of him.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 281 About Noon he was got to the Windward.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 19 The Sound coming from the Windward.

1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea iv. 53 The heavens were grey, and there was a very dark line to windward.

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. i. 27 Before Joshua could reach him, the first of those giant masses of water struck on the rock to windward of him.

b. In figurative phrases, such as to get to windward of, to gain an advantage over (cf. wind n.¹ 3b); to keep to windward of, to keep out of the reach of (cf. windy adj.¹ 2d); to cast an anchor to windward, to adopt measures for security.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > have or get (someone) at a disadvantage

to have at avail1470

to catch, have, hold, take (one) at (a or the) vantagec1510

to gain of1548

to be to the forehand with1558

to have (take) on (in, at) the lurch1591

to get the sun of1598

to have (also get) a good hand against1600

to take (have, etc.) at a why-nota1612

to weather on or upon1707

to have the laugh on a person1767

to have a (or the) pull of (also over, on)1781

to get to windward of1783

to have the bulge on1841

to give points to1854

to get (have) the drop on1869

to hold over1872

to have an (or the) edge on1896

to get (also have) the goods on1903

to get (or have) the jump on1912

to have (got) by the balls1918

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > be vigilant or on one's guard [verb (intransitive)] > take precautions

fend1712

to cast an anchor to windward1919

1783 W. Cowper Let. 7 Mar. (1981) II. 114 That my vanity may not get too much to windward.

1882 H. de Windt On Equator 12 His intention of ‘getting to windward of those “Maylays”’.

1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will vi If I happen to have got to windward of the young woman, why, so much the better for me.

1890 W. C. Russell My Shipmate Louise II. xxiv. 216 There's the Whole Dooty o' Man—a bit leewardly; I couldn't fetch to windward of it myself.

1919 19th Cent. Dec. 1152 This policy was based on a desire to keep an anchor to the windward, to secure the United States for a friend.

B. adj.

a. Having a direction towards, i.e. opposite to that of, the wind; moving against the wind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind > opposite to direction of the wind

windermost1622

windward1627

windwardmost1644

up-wind1942

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 47 You say..a windward Tide when the Tide runnes against the streame.

1739 (title) A description of the Windward Passage and Gulf of Florida.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 56 Windward Great Circle Sailing.

b. Of or in reference to a sailing vessel, expressing ability to sail close to the wind: = weatherly adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > able to sail close to wind

windwardly1657

weatherly1730

windward1895

1895 Outing 26 382/1 She is so slender and graceful that one is prone to wonder that such prettiness is consistent with windward power.

1901 Daily Chron. 27 Sept. 5/7 A better windward boat than the Columbia.

2. Situated towards the direction from which the wind blows; facing the wind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind

leeward1627

windwarda1687

down (the) wind1895

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [adjective] > windward

weathermost1589

windwarda1687

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) iii. 53 The Windward Ship has a fairer Mark at a Leeward Ship, than vice versa.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. iii. 37 His windward leg being hurt by a bruise.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Blight On the Wind-ward Side of the Trees.

1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) V. 5 Those that lie nearest the East, have been called the Windward Islands; the others the Leeward, on account of the wind's blowing generally from the eastern point in those quarters.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xxii. 424 The vessel laying slightly over, the windward tier slipped across the deck.

C. adv.

Towards the wind, to windward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction

to the windc1330

to (the) windwardc1550

with the wind1577

in the wind1580

to the weatherward1589

up (the) wind1611

down (the) winda1616

windward1690

weatherly1708

up-wind1838

into the wind1918

1690 in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. iv. 243 The fleet that came from Plymouth..were plying windward of that place.

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 833 Tacking about, and so getting Windward of them, they..gain'd a great Advantage.

Derivatives

ˈwindwardly adj. = B. 1b, B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > able to sail close to wind

windwardly1657

weatherly1730

windward1895

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 23 The most windwardly Iland of all the Caribbies.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 143 The Characters of the several Vessels,..some windwardly, some not stay well, some slugs.

1902 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 422 The island is the most windwardly of the whole Caribbean Archipelago.

ˈwindwardmost adj. furthest to windward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind > opposite to direction of the wind

windermost1622

windward1627

windwardmost1644

up-wind1942

1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. at Weather Bow Any thing that is to the wind-ward~most-side, we say, it is the weather-part, or a-weather.

1777 Summary Acc. Tobago 78 A mile from the windwardmost point of Minster-Bay.

ˈwindwardness n. ‘windward’ or weatherly quality.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > qualities of vessel > weatherly quality

windwardnessa1618

weatherliness1883

a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 29 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) By reason of their ready staying and turning, by reason of their windwardnesse.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	windward
释义	windwardn.adj.adv. Brit. /ˈwɪndwəd/, U.S. /ˈwɪn(d)wərd/ Forms: Also 1500s Scottish wyndwart, vynduart, 1600s winward, 1800s win'ard. Etymology: < wind n.¹ + -ward suffix. (In all senses the opposite of leeward adj. and adv.) A. n. a. to (the) windward (also formerly with other prepositions): to the windward side or direction. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > alongside [phrase] > on the side facing or away from the wind under the windc1425 to (the) windwardc1550 the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction to the windc1330 to (the) windwardc1550 with the wind1577 in the wind1580 to the weatherward1589 up (the) wind1611 down (the) winda1616 windward1690 weatherly1708 up-wind1838 into the wind1918 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 The said galiasse in schort tyme cam on vynduart of the tothir schip. 1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 4 To lat down ane grete dele thair hie sailis, and hald to wyndwart. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 A sayle, how stands she, to windward or leyward. 1666 Duke of Albemarle Let. 31 May in Catal. Greek & Latin Classics (Bernard Quaritch Ltd.) (1900) II. 102 Sir William Berkeley kept his course, at which a gun was fired at winward of him. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 281 About Noon he was got to the Windward. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 19 The Sound coming from the Windward. 1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea iv. 53 The heavens were grey, and there was a very dark line to windward. 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. i. 27 Before Joshua could reach him, the first of those giant masses of water struck on the rock to windward of him. b. In figurative phrases, such as to get to windward of, to gain an advantage over (cf. wind n.¹ 3b); to keep to windward of, to keep out of the reach of (cf. windy adj.¹ 2d); to cast an anchor to windward, to adopt measures for security. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > have or get (someone) at a disadvantage to have at avail1470 to catch, have, hold, take (one) at (a or the) vantagec1510 to gain of1548 to be to the forehand with1558 to have (take) on (in, at) the lurch1591 to get the sun of1598 to have (also get) a good hand against1600 to take (have, etc.) at a why-nota1612 to weather on or upon1707 to have the laugh on a person1767 to have a (or the) pull of (also over, on)1781 to get to windward of1783 to have the bulge on1841 to give points to1854 to get (have) the drop on1869 to hold over1872 to have an (or the) edge on1896 to get (also have) the goods on1903 to get (or have) the jump on1912 to have (got) by the balls1918 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > be vigilant or on one's guard [verb (intransitive)] > take precautions fend1712 to cast an anchor to windward1919 1783 W. Cowper Let. 7 Mar. (1981) II. 114 That my vanity may not get too much to windward. 1882 H. de Windt On Equator 12 His intention of ‘getting to windward of those “Maylays”’. 1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will vi If I happen to have got to windward of the young woman, why, so much the better for me. 1890 W. C. Russell My Shipmate Louise II. xxiv. 216 There's the Whole Dooty o' Man—a bit leewardly; I couldn't fetch to windward of it myself. 1919 19th Cent. Dec. 1152 This policy was based on a desire to keep an anchor to the windward, to secure the United States for a friend. B. adj. 1. a. Having a direction towards, i.e. opposite to that of, the wind; moving against the wind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind > opposite to direction of the wind windermost1622 windward1627 windwardmost1644 up-wind1942 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 47 You say..a windward Tide when the Tide runnes against the streame. 1739 (title) A description of the Windward Passage and Gulf of Florida. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 56 Windward Great Circle Sailing. b. Of or in reference to a sailing vessel, expressing ability to sail close to the wind: = weatherly adj. 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > able to sail close to wind windwardly1657 weatherly1730 windward1895 1895 Outing 26 382/1 She is so slender and graceful that one is prone to wonder that such prettiness is consistent with windward power. 1901 Daily Chron. 27 Sept. 5/7 A better windward boat than the Columbia. 2. Situated towards the direction from which the wind blows; facing the wind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind leeward1627 windwarda1687 down (the) wind1895 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [adjective] > windward weathermost1589 windwarda1687 a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) iii. 53 The Windward Ship has a fairer Mark at a Leeward Ship, than vice versa. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. iii. 37 His windward leg being hurt by a bruise. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Blight On the Wind-ward Side of the Trees. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) V. 5 Those that lie nearest the East, have been called the Windward Islands; the others the Leeward, on account of the wind's blowing generally from the eastern point in those quarters. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xxii. 424 The vessel laying slightly over, the windward tier slipped across the deck. C. adv. Towards the wind, to windward. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction to the windc1330 to (the) windwardc1550 with the wind1577 in the wind1580 to the weatherward1589 up (the) wind1611 down (the) winda1616 windward1690 weatherly1708 up-wind1838 into the wind1918 1690 in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. iv. 243 The fleet that came from Plymouth..were plying windward of that place. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 833 Tacking about, and so getting Windward of them, they..gain'd a great Advantage. Derivatives ˈwindwardly adj. = B. 1b, B. 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > able to sail close to wind windwardly1657 weatherly1730 windward1895 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 23 The most windwardly Iland of all the Caribbies. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 143 The Characters of the several Vessels,..some windwardly, some not stay well, some slugs. 1902 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 422 The island is the most windwardly of the whole Caribbean Archipelago. ˈwindwardmost adj. furthest to windward. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adjective] > situated at the side > situated on side away from or facing wind > opposite to direction of the wind windermost1622 windward1627 windwardmost1644 up-wind1942 1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. at Weather Bow Any thing that is to the wind-ward~most-side, we say, it is the weather-part, or a-weather. 1777 Summary Acc. Tobago 78 A mile from the windwardmost point of Minster-Bay. ˈwindwardness n. ‘windward’ or weatherly quality. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > qualities of vessel > weatherly quality windwardnessa1618 weatherliness1883 a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 29 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) By reason of their ready staying and turning, by reason of their windwardnesse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.adv.c1550
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