| 释义 |
zedoaryn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin zedoarium, zedoara, zeduar. Etymology: Originally (in Old English, in α. forms) < post-classical Latin zedoara, zedoare (see below); subsequently either reinforced or reborrowed partly (in β. forms) < post-classical Latin zedoara, zedoare, zeduar, cidoar, cydoar (from 10th cent. in continental sources, from 12th cent. in British sources), and partly (in γ. forms) < post-classical Latin zedoarium, zeduarium, zedoaria, zeduaria (frequently from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), all < Arabic zadwār , zidwār , jadwār < Persian zadwār (also jadwār ). Compare setwall n., ultimately a borrowing of the same Arabic word.Foreign-language parallels. Compare: (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French zedoar , Old French sydoare , zidoare , citouar , (with prosthetic vowel) ecidoiare , Middle French zedouar , zeduar (13th cent.), Italian †çedoara (beginning of the 14th cent.), and also Middle Dutch sēdeware , zēdeware , zēduare , etc. (Dutch zedoar ), (with elision of medial syllable) zēwaer , zeeuwer (Dutch zever ), Middle Low German sēdewer , sēduer , sēduwer , Old High German zitwar (Middle High German zitwar , German Zitwer ); (ii) Anglo-Norman cedewarie (13th cent.), Middle French zedoaire , zedoayre , zedouaire , zedouarie , zeduaire , zeduari (French zédoaire ), Old Occitan zeduari , Spanish zedoaria , †zedoario (both end of the 15th cent.), Portuguese zedoária (1516), Italian zettovario (early 14th cent.; end of the 13th cent. as çedaria in sense ‘zirumbet’). Specific forms. With the forms zedorie, zedory at γ. forms and zedoria at δ. forms perhaps compare -ory suffix2, and also French †zedorie (early 17th cent.). Continuity of use. It is unlikely that there is continuity between Old English and later use. The following 13th-cent. example (in a Latin context) probably shows an instance of the Latin word rather than the English (in β. forms):1291–2 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 4 In j quart. Zeduar, 3 1/2 d. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > zedoary root or plant the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots OE (2001) I. xxx. 18 To wensealfe..nim garleaces godne dæl; cnuca, & wring þurh clað on gemered hunig; þonne hit swiðe gesoden sy, þonne do ðu pipor & sideware, gallengar & gingifre. OE (2001) I. xxxvii. 22 To eahsealfe: nim aluwan & sidewaran, lawerberian & pipor. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 158 (MED) Take..of clowes, of maces, of notemuges, of gynger, of zedoare [L. zedoare], [etc.]. a1475 tr. Gilbertus Anglicus (Wellcome) (1991) 152 (MED) Oþir men don herto femigreke, nigelle, and zedwarie. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 714/11 Hoc zeduarium, zeduarye. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI sig. I.vi Zedwary, chawed..and swallowed..taketh awaye the grefe of the bely. 1560 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli 39 After that you haue eaten Garlike, Leekes, or Onions,..eate a piece of the roote of Zeduaria, and you shall not smell at all. 1655 244 Take for a Man forty graines of the best Jollop grated, and of Sedoary five graines. 1674 tr. R. Minderer vi. 66 If thou art troubled with Gripings or Inflation of the Belly, take of Zedoar, or Angelica-roots, or Orange-peels. 1684 tr. T. Bonet iii. 103 Zedoary is most powerfull against vitreous Phlegm. 1736 i. i. 39 Take..Zedoary Root 10 Grains. 1748 W. Lewis tr. 71 The druggists distinguish..the long zedoary and the round zedoary but they differ from one another only in shape, and seem to be different parts of the same root. 1773 W. Lewis tr. C. Neumann (ed. 2) II. 201 Zedoary is the root of a plant said to be of the Ginger kind, growing in different parts of the East Indies, and brought to us chiefly from Bengal. 1819 A. Rees XXXIX Zedoary,..the dry root [of Curcuma Zerumbet] appears to be the zedoaria of the shops in England. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore I. at Curcuma C. aromatica and C. Zedoaria furnish Zedoary tubers,..used by the natives of India as aromatic tonics, and as a perfume. 1880 C. R. Markham v. 347 The undergrowth..consists of cardamom, wild ginger, zedoary, rattan, a small bamboo,..and a few ferns. 1901 7 July 10/2 40 cwt zedory roots. 1936 Feb. 42/2 Zedoary is a forgotten spice. A famous condiment of medieval times, it has dropped out of use almost completely. 1963 17 130/1 The Himalayan foothills are the home of the zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria). 2015 J. Norman (rev. ed.) 199/1 Finely sliced fresh zedoary is added to salads or raw vegetables. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE |
