Zendn.adj.

Brit.

/zɛnd/, U.S.

/zɛnd/

Forms: 1700s–1800s Zund, 1700s– Zend, 1800s– Zand.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Zend-Avesta n., Persian zand.

Etymology: Partly shortened < Zend-Avesta n. (probably with reinterpretation of the first element as attributive), and partly (in sense A. 1b) directly < Persian zand commentary on the Avesta (see Zend-Avesta n.).Compare post-classical Latin Zend (uninflected) denoting the book (1700 in the work cited in quot. 1700 at sense A. 1a; 1701 in liber Zend). Compare also French zend (noun) denoting the writings (1717 in le livre du Zend), denoting the language (1771 or earlier), (adjective) designating the language (1763).

A. n.

a. Frequently with the. The sacred writings of Zoroastrianism; the Avesta (Avesta n.); formerly also in plural. Cf. Zend-Avesta n. Now rare. Avesta is now the usual term.Recorded earliest in attributive use, in the sense ‘relating to or used in the Zend-Avesta’, with reference to the Avestan language (cf. sense A. 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > non-Judaeo-Christian scriptures > [noun] > Zend-Avesta (Parsee)

Zend-Avesta1630

Zend1700

Avesta1774

1700 T. Hyde Historia Religionis Veterum Persarum xxvi. 338 Literæ..quæ..apud incolas vulgò audiunt Literæ Zundicæ, seu Character Zundicus, vel si Anglicè loquimur, the Zund Character.

1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. iv. 176 This book is called Zendavesta, and by contraction Zend, the vulgar pronounce it Zundavestow, and Zund.

1789 D. Webb tr. C. de Pauw Select. Les Recherches Philosophiques 105 The Zends are much more modern than the Shastah.

1790 W. Francklin Observ. Tour Bengal to Persia (ed. 2) 29 Their sacred book, the Zend, which is said to have been written by their celebrated prophet Zerdusht.

1857 C. Kingsley Let. 9 May in Lett. & Mem. (1885) xii. 194 It was a very ancient primary doctrine of the Magi..and may be found in the old Zends.

1892 J. M. Roberts Antiq. Unveiled (1894) 583 He then returned from Ahuramazda with the Zend in one hand and the celestial fire in the other.

1998 P. A. Redpath Masquerade of Dream Walkers vii. 195 The Parsees..called their canonical religious books the Zend, derived from the teachings of their founder Zarathustra, or Zoroaster.

b. Frequently in form zand. An exegesis, commentary, or translation of a passage from the Avesta (Avesta n.) forming part of the canon of Zoroastrianism, written in Book Pahlavi, and appearing alongside the Avestan text in many manuscripts; (also) such interpretations considered collectively.

1856 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 358 Not the whole Avesta is thus accompanied by its Zend.

1867 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 3 254 The religious books, that is, the whole Avesta and Zand.

1928 E. G. Browne Lit. Hist. Persia 1 ii. 81 Just as Zend is the ‘explanation’ of an Avestic text in Pahlawí, so is Pázend (= paiti-zainti) a ‘re-explanation’ of a Pahlawí text.

1984 J. R. Hinnells Penguin Dict. Relig. 57/2 Secondary to the Avesta were the translations from the sacred language with commentary. These were known as the Zand. The only surviving Zand is in Pahlavi.

2015 P. Dilley in I. Gardner et al. Mani at Court of Persian Kings v. 131 Kartīr..did not imply that Mani and his followers produced their own Zand, in the sense of a Middle Persian translation and interpretation of the Avesta.

2. The ancient Iranian language in which the Avesta (Avesta n.) is written; = Avestan n.Avestan is now the more usual term.

ΘΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan

Zend1771

Zendic1771

Avesta1774

Zendish1802

Avestan1856

Avestic1860

Gathic1902

1771 Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 354 It [sc. a character] not a little resembles that..deduced from the Zend and Pazend.

1789 W. Jones Disc. Persians in Wks. (1799) I. 83 M. Anquetil..has exhibited in his work, entitled Zendávestà, two vocabularies in Zend and Pahlavì.

1837 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 4 345 (heading) Illustrations of the languages called Zand and Pahlaví.

1864 A. H. Bleek Avesta III. Introd. p.xvi. Professor Rask..proved that Zend, though allied to Sanskrit, was a distinct language.

1901 Rev. of Reviews July 22/1 He left St. Petersburg..to study Zend at Louvain.

1976 Dædalus Winter 154 Numerous discoveries made in Zend, Sanskrit, Semitic, of Indo-European.

2009 Representations 106 36 Devoting themselves to the study of texts written in ancient languages—Old Norse, Zend, Old Slavic, Sanskrit , and especially ancient Greek.

3. An adherent of Zoroastrianism; a Zoroastrian. Chiefly in plural. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Zoroastrianism > [noun] > person

Persian1613

Parsee1625

fire-worshipper1638

Guebre1687

Zoroastrian1811

mobed1815

Zend1819

Zarathustrian1871

Mazdaean1881

Mazdaist1920

1819 Weekly Entertainer 1 Feb. 90 Their language..has great affinity to that of the Zends.

1888 Archaeol. Rev. 1 331 The old burial places of the Chevsurs are the old ‘dakhme’ of the ‘Zends’ and their religious rites and moral precepts a direct reproduction of those contained in the Avesta.

1902 Open Court Mar. 167 His [sc. Ahura's] physiognomy is not so distinctly limned in the Sanskrit literature as it is in the writings of the Zends.

1987 V. A. Rizvi Eminent Muslim Scientists, Quaid & Poets 97 The sacred book of the Zends was searched and perished. And the language of the Zends..was handicapped by alien influences.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Avestan language or to the Zend-Avesta; of or relating to Zoroastrianism; Zoroastrian. Also: designating the Avestan language, the Zend-Avesta, or the Zoroastrian religion.

ΘΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > non-Judaeo-Christian scriptures > [adjective] > Zend-Avesta

Zend1762

Zend-Avestaic1816

Avestan1856

Avestic1865

Gathaic1891

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan

Zend1762

Zendic1791

Avestan1856

Avestic1865

Avestaic1879

Gathic1902

1762 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 426/1 Nerengs..are written in modern Persic, with Zend characters.

1763 Ann. Reg. 1762 Antiquities 110/2 Indian and Persic versions of Zend originals..which serve as commentaries upon the Zend text.

1838 Foreign Q. Rev. Oct. 108 The deeves of the Zend religion were the source of the Hebrew doctrine.

1854 Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. 3 224 We may amicably close all controversy about ‘Media’ or ‘Bactria’, as the home of the Zend speech..and as the cradle of the Zend people.

1878 G. Smith Life J. Wilson vii. 213 He was the first English scholar to master the original Zand texts.

1901 J. F. Hewitt Hist. & Chronol. of Myth-Making Age iii. 124 The Zend high-priest.

1968 M. Elsnau Gods of Creation i. 6 The Avesta is the book in the Zend language of Zoroaster.

2007 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 68 261 He inspected the Zend manuscript in the Bodleian.

Derivatives

† ˈZendish adj. and n. Obsolete (a) adj.of or relating to the Avestan language; = Avestan adj. (b) n.the ancient Iranian language in which the Avesta is written; = Avestan n. [Compare earlier Zendic adj. and Zendic n.]

ΘΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan

Zend1771

Zendic1771

Avesta1774

Zendish1802

Avestan1856

Avestic1860

Gathic1902

1802 C. Butler Horæ Biblicæ II. 98 His followers called it the Avesta, or The Word; and, being written in the Zendish language, it was generally called Zend-Avesta.

1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 266 In ancient Media, Zendish was the language of the northern, and Pehlvi, or Parthian, of the southern parts.

1887 Nonconformist & Independent 25 Aug. 805/3 This observation, mutatis mutandis, applies to other branches of study than those of Zendish and Pahlavi.

1921 Open Court Nov. 694 Nor can we take the time to even glance at Zendish, the Pahlavic, the Himyaritic.

† ˈZendist n. Obsolete an expert in or student of the Avestan language or the Zend-Avesta.

ΘΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan > one versed in Zend

Zendist1877

1877 Unitarian Rev. & Relig. Mag. May 498 A generation of native Sanskritists and Zendists has sprung up.

1890 E. B. Cowell Let. 15 Mar. in G. Cowell Life & Lett. (1904) vii. 313 It is a very hard verse, and part of it is much fought over by Zendists.

1907 Monist 17 320 It has been an exceedingly laborious task, and one from which all European Zendists since Spiegel seem for the most part to have shrunk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zend
释义	Zendn.adj. Brit. /zɛnd/, U.S. /zɛnd/ Forms: 1700s–1800s Zund, 1700s– Zend, 1800s– Zand. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Zend-Avesta n., Persian zand. Etymology: Partly shortened < Zend-Avesta n. (probably with reinterpretation of the first element as attributive), and partly (in sense A. 1b) directly < Persian zand commentary on the Avesta (see Zend-Avesta n.).Compare post-classical Latin Zend (uninflected) denoting the book (1700 in the work cited in quot. 1700 at sense A. 1a; 1701 in liber Zend). Compare also French zend (noun) denoting the writings (1717 in le livre du Zend), denoting the language (1771 or earlier), (adjective) designating the language (1763). A. n. 1. a. Frequently with the. The sacred writings of Zoroastrianism; the Avesta (Avesta n.); formerly also in plural. Cf. Zend-Avesta n. Now rare. Avesta is now the usual term.Recorded earliest in attributive use, in the sense ‘relating to or used in the Zend-Avesta’, with reference to the Avestan language (cf. sense A. 2). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > non-Judaeo-Christian scriptures > [noun] > Zend-Avesta (Parsee) Zend-Avesta1630 Zend1700 Avesta1774 1700 T. Hyde Historia Religionis Veterum Persarum xxvi. 338 Literæ..quæ..apud incolas vulgò audiunt Literæ Zundicæ, seu Character Zundicus, vel si Anglicè loquimur, the Zund Character. 1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. iv. 176 This book is called Zendavesta, and by contraction Zend, the vulgar pronounce it Zundavestow, and Zund. 1789 D. Webb tr. C. de Pauw Select. Les Recherches Philosophiques 105 The Zends are much more modern than the Shastah. 1790 W. Francklin Observ. Tour Bengal to Persia (ed. 2) 29 Their sacred book, the Zend, which is said to have been written by their celebrated prophet Zerdusht. 1857 C. Kingsley Let. 9 May in Lett. & Mem. (1885) xii. 194 It was a very ancient primary doctrine of the Magi..and may be found in the old Zends. 1892 J. M. Roberts Antiq. Unveiled (1894) 583 He then returned from Ahuramazda with the Zend in one hand and the celestial fire in the other. 1998 P. A. Redpath Masquerade of Dream Walkers vii. 195 The Parsees..called their canonical religious books the Zend, derived from the teachings of their founder Zarathustra, or Zoroaster. b. Frequently in form zand. An exegesis, commentary, or translation of a passage from the Avesta (Avesta n.) forming part of the canon of Zoroastrianism, written in Book Pahlavi, and appearing alongside the Avestan text in many manuscripts; (also) such interpretations considered collectively. Π 1856 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 358 Not the whole Avesta is thus accompanied by its Zend. 1867 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 3 254 The religious books, that is, the whole Avesta and Zand. 1928 E. G. Browne Lit. Hist. Persia 1 ii. 81 Just as Zend is the ‘explanation’ of an Avestic text in Pahlawí, so is Pázend (= paiti-zainti) a ‘re-explanation’ of a Pahlawí text. 1984 J. R. Hinnells Penguin Dict. Relig. 57/2 Secondary to the Avesta were the translations from the sacred language with commentary. These were known as the Zand. The only surviving Zand is in Pahlavi. 2015 P. Dilley in I. Gardner et al. Mani at Court of Persian Kings v. 131 Kartīr..did not imply that Mani and his followers produced their own Zand, in the sense of a Middle Persian translation and interpretation of the Avesta. 2. The ancient Iranian language in which the Avesta (Avesta n.) is written; = Avestan n.Avestan is now the more usual term. ΘΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan Zend1771 Zendic1771 Avesta1774 Zendish1802 Avestan1856 Avestic1860 Gathic1902 1771 Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 354 It [sc. a character] not a little resembles that..deduced from the Zend and Pazend. 1789 W. Jones Disc. Persians in Wks. (1799) I. 83 M. Anquetil..has exhibited in his work, entitled Zendávestà, two vocabularies in Zend and Pahlavì. 1837 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 4 345 (heading) Illustrations of the languages called Zand and Pahlaví. 1864 A. H. Bleek Avesta III. Introd. p.xvi. Professor Rask..proved that Zend, though allied to Sanskrit, was a distinct language. 1901 Rev. of Reviews July 22/1 He left St. Petersburg..to study Zend at Louvain. 1976 Dædalus Winter 154 Numerous discoveries made in Zend, Sanskrit, Semitic, of Indo-European. 2009 Representations 106 36 Devoting themselves to the study of texts written in ancient languages—Old Norse, Zend, Old Slavic, Sanskrit , and especially ancient Greek. 3. An adherent of Zoroastrianism; a Zoroastrian. Chiefly in plural. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Zoroastrianism > [noun] > person Persian1613 Parsee1625 fire-worshipper1638 Guebre1687 Zoroastrian1811 mobed1815 Zend1819 Zarathustrian1871 Mazdaean1881 Mazdaist1920 1819 Weekly Entertainer 1 Feb. 90 Their language..has great affinity to that of the Zends. 1888 Archaeol. Rev. 1 331 The old burial places of the Chevsurs are the old ‘dakhme’ of the ‘Zends’ and their religious rites and moral precepts a direct reproduction of those contained in the Avesta. 1902 Open Court Mar. 167 His [sc. Ahura's] physiognomy is not so distinctly limned in the Sanskrit literature as it is in the writings of the Zends. 1987 V. A. Rizvi Eminent Muslim Scientists, Quaid & Poets 97 The sacred book of the Zends was searched and perished. And the language of the Zends..was handicapped by alien influences. B. adj. Of or relating to the Avestan language or to the Zend-Avesta; of or relating to Zoroastrianism; Zoroastrian. Also: designating the Avestan language, the Zend-Avesta, or the Zoroastrian religion. ΘΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > non-Judaeo-Christian scriptures > [adjective] > Zend-Avesta Zend1762 Zend-Avestaic1816 Avestan1856 Avestic1865 Gathaic1891 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan Zend1762 Zendic1791 Avestan1856 Avestic1865 Avestaic1879 Gathic1902 1762 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 426/1 Nerengs..are written in modern Persic, with Zend characters. 1763 Ann. Reg. 1762 Antiquities 110/2 Indian and Persic versions of Zend originals..which serve as commentaries upon the Zend text. 1838 Foreign Q. Rev. Oct. 108 The deeves of the Zend religion were the source of the Hebrew doctrine. 1854 Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. 3 224 We may amicably close all controversy about ‘Media’ or ‘Bactria’, as the home of the Zend speech..and as the cradle of the Zend people. 1878 G. Smith Life J. Wilson vii. 213 He was the first English scholar to master the original Zand texts. 1901 J. F. Hewitt Hist. & Chronol. of Myth-Making Age iii. 124 The Zend high-priest. 1968 M. Elsnau Gods of Creation i. 6 The Avesta is the book in the Zend language of Zoroaster. 2007 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 68 261 He inspected the Zend manuscript in the Bodleian. Derivatives † ˈZendish adj. and n. Obsolete (a) adj.of or relating to the Avestan language; = Avestan adj. (b) n.the ancient Iranian language in which the Avesta is written; = Avestan n. [Compare earlier Zendic adj. and Zendic n.] ΘΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan Zend1771 Zendic1771 Avesta1774 Zendish1802 Avestan1856 Avestic1860 Gathic1902 1802 C. Butler Horæ Biblicæ II. 98 His followers called it the Avesta, or The Word; and, being written in the Zendish language, it was generally called Zend-Avesta. 1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 266 In ancient Media, Zendish was the language of the northern, and Pehlvi, or Parthian, of the southern parts. 1887 Nonconformist & Independent 25 Aug. 805/3 This observation, mutatis mutandis, applies to other branches of study than those of Zendish and Pahlavi. 1921 Open Court Nov. 694 Nor can we take the time to even glance at Zendish, the Pahlavic, the Himyaritic. † ˈZendist n. Obsolete an expert in or student of the Avestan language or the Zend-Avesta. ΘΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Avestan > one versed in Zend Zendist1877 1877 Unitarian Rev. & Relig. Mag. May 498 A generation of native Sanskritists and Zendists has sprung up. 1890 E. B. Cowell Let. 15 Mar. in G. Cowell Life & Lett. (1904) vii. 313 It is a very hard verse, and part of it is much fought over by Zendists. 1907 Monist 17 320 It has been an exceedingly laborious task, and one from which all European Zendists since Spiegel seem for the most part to have shrunk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1700
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