woad ashn.

Brit.

/ˈwəʊd aʃ/, U.S.

/ˈwoʊd ˌæʃ/

Forms:

α. See woad n.¹ and ash n.²; also Middle English woodeactyn (plural, transmission error).

β. 1600s–1700s weed ash, 1700s wayd ash, 1700s weyd ash.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably partly modelled on a Dutch lexical item., and probably partly modelled on a Middle Low German lexical item. Etymons: woad n.¹, ash n.²

Etymology: < woad n.¹ + ash n.², probably after Middle Dutch weedassche (Dutch weedas ) and Middle Low German wēdassche. Compare Middle High German weidasche (German Waidasche ). Compare also ( < Dutch) French védasse (1676 as wedasse ). The coincidence of forms with wood-ash n. has resulted in some confusion.The β. forms show remodelling of the first element after forms in continental Germanic languages. With reference to ashes produced by the burning of wine lees compare post-classical Latin cineres clavati (1332), cineres clavellati (compare quot. a1400 at α. ), Old French cendres clavelees (13th cent.), Middle French cendres de clavelée (15th cent.), Middle French, French cendres gravelées (1534), Old Occitan senres claveladas (1200), all in this sense.

Now historical.

Chiefly in plural. Ashes produced by the burning of various organic substances, spec. woad plants ( Isatis tinctoria), tartar left in empty wine casks, or wood. Also: a type of crude potash obtained from such ashes, esp. used in dyeing cloth, wool, etc., and to make lye.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > material used in dyeing

woad ash1354

clavellated ashes1660

slip1667

white bath1791

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > wood-ash to make lye

woad ash1354

soap-ashes?1520

wood-ash1748

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > water or solutions > types of solution > wood ashes used for

woad ash1545

α.

1354 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 77 (MED) [6 barrels of] wodaxes.

1395 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 77 (MED) Wodhasshe.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 16 Cineres clavellate, wode ashes.

1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 370 (MED) My mastyr assigned Robart Serjaunte viij barelles of wode ashes, to receyve them at Hereweche.

1545 Rates Custome House sig. aij Asshes called woad asshes the laste xx.s.

1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth c. 4 in Statutes of Realm (1819) IV. 420 The arte or Occupation of a..Burner of Oore and Woade Ashes.

1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 36 Men with woad ashes do make a red dye or colour, without vnquenched lime.

1622 Proclam. James I for Preuenting Exportation Woolles 1 The exportation of Woolles,..Fullers earth, and Woad-ashes, are a great meanes to inable the forraigne making of Cloth.

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. 363 This way was only to mingle exquisitly a quantity of Sal-Armoniack, with about thrice its weight of strong Wood-ashes.

1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying i. 113 (heading) A Perfect Description, of Pot and Woad-Ashes [Ger. Von rechter Erkäntnüβ der Weyd und Pottaschen].

a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 267 Some persons at a great wash put ode, or pearl ashes tied in a cloth, and let it lie in the water.

1861 T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs II. Introd. p. xlv The Genoese..came to England with great carracks, laden with cloths of gold, silks, black pepper, woad, and woad-ashes, wool, [etc.].

1863 T. Richardson & H. Watts Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 484 The tartars were formerly heated in contact with the air till the residue was white, and then sold under the name of Woad-ash.

1920 Bull. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exper. Station No. 188. 95 Woad-ashes in some places may provide the lime and also the potash needed for experimental purposes.

1955 H. R. C. Wright Free Trade & Protection in Netherlands 1816–30 ix. 157 The duty by weight varied from 0.80 fl. per 100 kg. on woad ash to 5.0 fl. per kg. on ipecacuanha.

1983 H. Houtman-de Smedt in W. J. Wieringa Interactions Amsterdam & Antwerp with Baltic Region, 1400–1800 xii. 120 The Baltic ports shipped to Ostend hemp, woad-ashes, potash, canvas, [etc.].

β. 1692 Act 4 William & Mary c. 5, in Statutes of Realm (1819) VI. 380 For Ashes called Wood Weed or Soap Ashes Six shillinges the last.1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying (title page) A Discourse of Pot and Weyd Ashes [Ger. Weydasche], as well as several other Foreign Ingredients used in Dying.1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying i. 136 Wayd-ashes [Ger. Wäydasche] are prepared in the same manner [as Pot ashes], from the Ashes of burnt Wayd, that is Willow.1708 W. Sewel Large Dict. Eng. & Dutch 625/1 Weedasch, Weed-ashes.1780 Act 20 Geo. III c. 25 in Statutes at Large 530 Whereas Pot and Pearl Ashes, Wood and Weed Ashes, are essentially necessary in the whitening of Linen Cloth and Thread.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	woad ash
释义	woad ashn. Brit. /ˈwəʊd aʃ/, U.S. /ˈwoʊd ˌæʃ/ Forms: α. See woad n.¹ and ash n.²; also Middle English woodeactyn (plural, transmission error). β. 1600s–1700s weed ash, 1700s wayd ash, 1700s weyd ash. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably partly modelled on a Dutch lexical item., and probably partly modelled on a Middle Low German lexical item. Etymons: woad n.¹, ash n.² Etymology: < woad n.¹ + ash n.², probably after Middle Dutch weedassche (Dutch weedas ) and Middle Low German wēdassche. Compare Middle High German weidasche (German Waidasche ). Compare also ( < Dutch) French védasse (1676 as wedasse ). The coincidence of forms with wood-ash n. has resulted in some confusion.The β. forms show remodelling of the first element after forms in continental Germanic languages. With reference to ashes produced by the burning of wine lees compare post-classical Latin cineres clavati (1332), cineres clavellati (compare quot. a1400 at α. ), Old French cendres clavelees (13th cent.), Middle French cendres de clavelée (15th cent.), Middle French, French cendres gravelées (1534), Old Occitan senres claveladas (1200), all in this sense. Now historical. Chiefly in plural. Ashes produced by the burning of various organic substances, spec. woad plants ( Isatis tinctoria), tartar left in empty wine casks, or wood. Also: a type of crude potash obtained from such ashes, esp. used in dyeing cloth, wool, etc., and to make lye. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > material used in dyeing woad ash1354 clavellated ashes1660 slip1667 white bath1791 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > wood-ash to make lye woad ash1354 soap-ashes?1520 wood-ash1748 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > water or solutions > types of solution > wood ashes used for woad ash1545 α. 1354 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 77 (MED) [6 barrels of] wodaxes. 1395 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 77 (MED) Wodhasshe. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 16 Cineres clavellate, wode ashes. 1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 370 (MED) My mastyr assigned Robart Serjaunte viij barelles of wode ashes, to receyve them at Hereweche. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. aij Asshes called woad asshes the laste xx.s. 1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth c. 4 in Statutes of Realm (1819) IV. 420 The arte or Occupation of a..Burner of Oore and Woade Ashes. 1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 36 Men with woad ashes do make a red dye or colour, without vnquenched lime. 1622 Proclam. James I for Preuenting Exportation Woolles 1 The exportation of Woolles,..Fullers earth, and Woad-ashes, are a great meanes to inable the forraigne making of Cloth. 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. 363 This way was only to mingle exquisitly a quantity of Sal-Armoniack, with about thrice its weight of strong Wood-ashes. 1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying i. 113 (heading) A Perfect Description, of Pot and Woad-Ashes [Ger. Von rechter Erkäntnüβ der Weyd und Pottaschen]. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 267 Some persons at a great wash put ode, or pearl ashes tied in a cloth, and let it lie in the water. 1861 T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs II. Introd. p. xlv The Genoese..came to England with great carracks, laden with cloths of gold, silks, black pepper, woad, and woad-ashes, wool, [etc.]. 1863 T. Richardson & H. Watts Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 484 The tartars were formerly heated in contact with the air till the residue was white, and then sold under the name of Woad-ash. 1920 Bull. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exper. Station No. 188. 95 Woad-ashes in some places may provide the lime and also the potash needed for experimental purposes. 1955 H. R. C. Wright Free Trade & Protection in Netherlands 1816–30 ix. 157 The duty by weight varied from 0.80 fl. per 100 kg. on woad ash to 5.0 fl. per kg. on ipecacuanha. 1983 H. Houtman-de Smedt in W. J. Wieringa Interactions Amsterdam & Antwerp with Baltic Region, 1400–1800 xii. 120 The Baltic ports shipped to Ostend hemp, woad-ashes, potash, canvas, [etc.]. β. 1692 Act 4 William & Mary c. 5, in Statutes of Realm (1819) VI. 380 For Ashes called Wood Weed or Soap Ashes Six shillinges the last.1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying (title page) A Discourse of Pot and Weyd Ashes [Ger. Weydasche], as well as several other Foreign Ingredients used in Dying.1705 tr. Whole Art of Dying i. 136 Wayd-ashes [Ger. Wäydasche] are prepared in the same manner [as Pot ashes], from the Ashes of burnt Wayd, that is Willow.1708 W. Sewel Large Dict. Eng. & Dutch 625/1 Weedasch, Weed-ashes.1780 Act 20 Geo. III c. 25 in Statutes at Large 530 Whereas Pot and Pearl Ashes, Wood and Weed Ashes, are essentially necessary in the whitening of Linen Cloth and Thread. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1354
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