calamityn.

/kəˈlamɪti/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s calamyte, 1500s–1600s calamitie.

Etymology: < French calamité, < Latin calamitȧt-em (nominative calamitas), damage, disaster, adversity; by Latin writers associated with calamus straw, corn-stalk, etc., in the sense of damage to crops from hail, mildew, etc. But there is difficulty in reconciling this with the force of the suffix, which etymologically could give only some such sense as ‘the quality of being a calamus, reed, or straw’ (compare cīvitas, auctoritas, bonitas); hence some would refer it to a lost *calamis ‘injured, damaged’, whence incolumis ‘uninjured, sound’. Bacon (Sylva §669) thus fancifully etymologized the word ‘Another ill accident is drouth, at the spindling of the corn, which with us is rare, but in hotter countries common; insomuch as the word calamitas was first derived < calamus, when the corn could not get out of the stalke.’

1. The state or condition of grievous affliction or adversity; deep distress, trouble, or misery, arising from some adverse circumstance or event.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun]

unhealc700

unselthc888

bale-sithea1000

unselea1023

un-i-selthOE

sithec1250

ruthc1275

unwhatec1275

tempestc1330

illa1340

infelicityc1384

banec1400

naufragiea1425

infortunitya1438

naufrage1480

calamity1490

inconvenience1509

wanweirda1522

inconveniency1553

wroth1581

murderation1862

the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun] > caused by adverse event

calamity1490

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 80 He was restored..from anguisshe and calamyte in to right grete prosperite.

c1529 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 103 II. 6 I shalbe releuyd and in this my calamyte holpyn.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 55^v They fell from one calamitie into an other.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 3 Thou art wedded to Calamitie .

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Calamity, misery.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 203. ⁋3 So full is the world of calamity, that every source of pleasure is polluted.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxx. 352 I am in calamity, my dear. I would love you if you were in calamity.

1841 R. W. Emerson Compensation in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 126 Yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time.

2. A grievous disaster, an event or circumstance causing loss or misery; a distressing misfortune.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe

tragedy1509

calamity1552

disaster1567

fatality1648

stroke1686

catastrophe1748

tragic1847

big one1978

meltdown1979

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 8 Thair is na calamitie..yat may chance to man or woman.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health lxxv. 73 A greefe of the head proceeding of a rewme, which is a common calamitie of students.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 655 The bearing well of all calamities .

1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 143 Because of any great Calamity that may have fallen on their Person.

1744 S. Johnson Acct. Life R. Savage 138 It was not his Custom to look out for distant Calamities.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 56 Voltaire saw his [sc. Newton's] death mourned as a public calamity.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

calamity-howler n.

ΚΠ

1892 Congress. Rec. 2 Mar. 1654/1 We had some ‘calamity howlers’ here in Washington.

calamity-howling n.

ΚΠ

1905 D. G. Phillips Plum Tree 264 I..sent Woodruff East to direct a campaign of calamity-howling in the eastern press.

calamity-prophet n.

ΚΠ

1894 Republican Campaign Text-bk. for 1894 229 This is going to be a bad, sad year for the calamity prophets of both parties.

1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards i. 3 The pair of calamity prophets broke off their lament.

calamity-shouting n. U.S. colloquial

ΚΠ

1892 Congress. Rec. 17 Mar. 2160/2 Calamity-shouters whose occupation is gone unless they can prove that calamity stalks abroad.

C2.

Calamity Jane n. the nickname of Martha Jane Burke (née Canary) (? 1852–1903), a famous American horse-rider and markswoman, applied to a prophet of disaster.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > a pessimist

deteriorationist1816

pessimist1827

degenerationist1871

Calamity Jane1876

catastrophist1879

miserabilist1986

Debbie Downer2004

1876 Cheyenne (Wyoming) Daily Leader 23 Nov. in N. Mumey Calamity Jane (1950) 55 Calamity Jane..now slingeth hash as a waiter in a Custer City Hotel.

1882 Street & Smith's New York Weekly 16 Jan. 1 Calamity Jane, the Queen of the Plains. A Tale of Daring Deeds by a Brave Woman's Hands.

1885 E. L. Wheeler (title) Deadwood Dick on deck; or, Calamity Jane the heroine of Whoop-up.

1930 Notes & Queries 27 Sept. 232/1 A crepe-hanger is the ultimate in depressing persons; ‘wet-blankets’, ‘gloomy Gus's’, ‘calamity Janes’, are all a degree milder.

1960 TV Times 8 Jan. 11/1 I'm a real Calamity Jane.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	calamity
释义	calamityn. /kəˈlamɪti/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s calamyte, 1500s–1600s calamitie. Etymology: < French calamité, < Latin calamitȧt-em (nominative calamitas), damage, disaster, adversity; by Latin writers associated with calamus straw, corn-stalk, etc., in the sense of damage to crops from hail, mildew, etc. But there is difficulty in reconciling this with the force of the suffix, which etymologically could give only some such sense as ‘the quality of being a calamus, reed, or straw’ (compare cīvitas, auctoritas, bonitas); hence some would refer it to a lost calamis ‘injured, damaged’, whence incolumis* ‘uninjured, sound’. Bacon (Sylva §669) thus fancifully etymologized the word ‘Another ill accident is drouth, at the spindling of the corn, which with us is rare, but in hotter countries common; insomuch as the word calamitas was first derived < calamus, when the corn could not get out of the stalke.’ 1. The state or condition of grievous affliction or adversity; deep distress, trouble, or misery, arising from some adverse circumstance or event. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] unhealc700 unselthc888 bale-sithea1000 unselea1023 un-i-selthOE sithec1250 ruthc1275 unwhatec1275 tempestc1330 illa1340 infelicityc1384 banec1400 naufragiea1425 infortunitya1438 naufrage1480 calamity1490 inconvenience1509 wanweirda1522 inconveniency1553 wroth1581 murderation1862 the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun] > caused by adverse event calamity1490 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 80 He was restored..from anguisshe and calamyte in to right grete prosperite. c1529 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 103 II. 6 I shalbe releuyd and in this my calamyte holpyn. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 55^v They fell from one calamitie into an other. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 3 Thou art wedded to Calamitie . View more context for this quotation 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Calamity, misery. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 203. ⁋3 So full is the world of calamity, that every source of pleasure is polluted. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxx. 352 I am in calamity, my dear. I would love you if you were in calamity. 1841 R. W. Emerson Compensation in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 126 Yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time. 2. A grievous disaster, an event or circumstance causing loss or misery; a distressing misfortune. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe tragedy1509 calamity1552 disaster1567 fatality1648 stroke1686 catastrophe1748 tragic1847 big one1978 meltdown1979 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 8 Thair is na calamitie..yat may chance to man or woman. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health lxxv. 73 A greefe of the head proceeding of a rewme, which is a common calamitie of students. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 655 The bearing well of all calamities . View more context for this quotation 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 143 Because of any great Calamity that may have fallen on their Person. 1744 S. Johnson Acct. Life R. Savage 138 It was not his Custom to look out for distant Calamities. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 56 Voltaire saw his [sc. Newton's] death mourned as a public calamity. Compounds C1. General attributive. calamity-howler n. ΚΠ 1892 Congress. Rec. 2 Mar. 1654/1 We had some ‘calamity howlers’ here in Washington. calamity-howling n. ΚΠ 1905 D. G. Phillips Plum Tree 264 I..sent Woodruff East to direct a campaign of calamity-howling in the eastern press. calamity-prophet n. ΚΠ 1894 Republican Campaign Text-bk. for 1894 229 This is going to be a bad, sad year for the calamity prophets of both parties. 1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards i. 3 The pair of calamity prophets broke off their lament. calamity-shouting n. U.S. colloquial ΚΠ 1892 Congress. Rec. 17 Mar. 2160/2 Calamity-shouters whose occupation is gone unless they can prove that calamity stalks abroad. C2. Calamity Jane n. the nickname of Martha Jane Burke (née Canary) (? 1852–1903), a famous American horse-rider and markswoman, applied to a prophet of disaster. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > a pessimist deteriorationist1816 pessimist1827 degenerationist1871 Calamity Jane1876 catastrophist1879 miserabilist1986 Debbie Downer2004 1876 Cheyenne (Wyoming) Daily Leader 23 Nov. in N. Mumey Calamity Jane (1950) 55 Calamity Jane..now slingeth hash as a waiter in a Custer City Hotel. 1882 Street & Smith's New York Weekly 16 Jan. 1 Calamity Jane, the Queen of the Plains. A Tale of Daring Deeds by a Brave Woman's Hands. 1885 E. L. Wheeler (title) Deadwood Dick on deck; or, Calamity Jane the heroine of Whoop-up. 1930 Notes & Queries 27 Sept. 232/1 A crepe-hanger is the ultimate in depressing persons; ‘wet-blankets’, ‘gloomy Gus's’, ‘calamity Janes’, are all a degree milder. 1960 TV Times 8 Jan. 11/1 I'm a real Calamity Jane. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1490
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