wychn.

Brit.

/wɪtʃ/, U.S.

/wɪtʃ/

Forms:

α. early Old English uuice, Old English wice, Old English–early Middle English wic, early Middle English wike (in a copy of an Old English charter), early Middle English wyc- (inflected form), Middle English which (in Latin context), Middle English wicce (in a copy of an Old English charter), Middle English–1500s wiche, Middle English–1600s wyche, Middle English–1700s wich, Middle English– wych, 1500s wech, 1500s witche, 1500s– witch, 1700s– whych (now rare).

β. 1500s weach, 1500s weche, 1500s wiech, 1600s weech.

Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Apparently cognate with German regional (Low German) Wieke , Wiecke elm (1654; also as Wicke ); further origin uncertain and disputed, perhaps < the Germanic base of Old English wīcan , Old High German wīhhan , both in the sense ‘to give way’ (compare wike n., woke adj.¹).If the Germanic etymology suggested above is correct, the tree may be so named on account of the wych elm's pliable branches. Compare wicker n., which ultimately represents a similarly motivated derivative from the same Germanic base. The word is often assumed to show the reflex of an Indo-European word for ‘elm’, cognate with Kurdish vīz , Albanian vidh , and further with Russian vjaz , Polish wiąz , Serbian and Croatian vez , Lithuanian vinkšna , all in the sense ‘elm’. However, if so, the original nasal consonant in the latter group is difficult to explain. Origin in a non-Indo-European substrate language could perhaps explain the phonological problems posed by this etymology. History in English. The length of the stem vowel in Old English is somewhat disputed. The β. forms appear to reflect northern lengthening in open syllables in Middle English, suggesting that the vowel was originally short. In Old English the word inflects both as a strong and as a weak noun and appears to show masculine as well as feminine gender. In later use in the form witch at α. forms the word is increasingly associated with witch n., especially in wych alder n. at Compounds 2. Compare the discussion at witch hazel n. Occurrence in place names. The word occurs early as a boundary marker in Anglo-Saxon charters bounds (compare quot. c1155) and in place names, as Wicheford , Wiltshire (1086; now Great Wishford), Wiceford , Cambridgeshire (1086; now Witchford), although in these it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from forms of wick n.² In place names it is usually assumed to refer to the wych elm.

A kind of tree (not always possible to identify, esp. in early use); spec. the wych elm Ulmus glabra and the rowan (or mountain ash), Sorbus aucuparia. Cf. wych tree n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun]

wycheOE

elmc1000

ulm-treec1000

witch hazela1400

all-heart1567

ulme1567

white elm1580

wych elm1582

witchen1594

weeping elm1606

trench-elm1676

smooth-leaved elm1731

witch elm1731

water elm1733

slippery elm1748

Scotch elm1769

wahoo1770

American elm1771

red elm1805

witches' elm1808

moose elm1810

cork-elm1813

rock elm1817

swamp elm1817

planer tree1819

Jersey elm1838

winged elm1858

sand elm1878

Exeter-elm1882

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > mountain ash

quick treeeOE

wycheOE

quickena1400

foldc1420

rowan-tree1483

quickbeam?1537

wild ash1552

field ash1578

mountain ash1597

quicken berry1597

whitten1633

witchen1664

quickenberry tree1671

wicky1681

rowan1751

narrow-leaved service tree1793

sorb1796

bastard mountain ash1800

roundwood1846

fowler's service tree1859

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxvi. 86 Genim cwicbeamrinde & æpsan.., wir, wice, ac.

c1155 ( Bounds (Sawyer 508) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Bath & Wells (2007) 87 Of þam alre to þam twam wycan standað on gerewe.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 526 Wyche, tre, ulmus.

1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 308 Mulso..wrongfully fellid xxvij trees of asche and wyche.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 20 Nor holybush, nor brere, nor winding witche.

1616 T. Scot 2nd Pt. Philomythie sig. B4^v The cursed Eldar and the fatall Yewe, With Witch, and Nightshade in their shadowes grew.

1791 Viner's Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity IV. (ed. 2) 562 The defendant said that the place is 20 acres, where 20 wyches grew.

1861 D. H. Haigh Conq. Brit. 78 The mountain-ash, rown, or witch.

1998 O. Rackham Trees & Woodland in Brit. Landscape (rev. ed.) i. 21 The Lineage group of elms..coppice like wych but are gregarious; they are a distinctive and ancient feature of some eastern woods.

单词	wych
释义	wychn. Brit. /wɪtʃ/, U.S. /wɪtʃ/ Forms: α. early Old English uuice, Old English wice, Old English–early Middle English wic, early Middle English wike (in a copy of an Old English charter), early Middle English wyc- (inflected form), Middle English which (in Latin context), Middle English wicce (in a copy of an Old English charter), Middle English–1500s wiche, Middle English–1600s wyche, Middle English–1700s wich, Middle English– wych, 1500s wech, 1500s witche, 1500s– witch, 1700s– whych (now rare). β. 1500s weach, 1500s weche, 1500s wiech, 1600s weech. Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Apparently cognate with German regional (Low German) Wieke , Wiecke elm (1654; also as Wicke ); further origin uncertain and disputed, perhaps < the Germanic base of Old English wīcan , Old High German wīhhan , both in the sense ‘to give way’ (compare wike n., woke adj.¹).If the Germanic etymology suggested above is correct, the tree may be so named on account of the wych elm's pliable branches. Compare wicker n., which ultimately represents a similarly motivated derivative from the same Germanic base. The word is often assumed to show the reflex of an Indo-European word for ‘elm’, cognate with Kurdish vīz , Albanian vidh , and further with Russian vjaz , Polish wiąz , Serbian and Croatian vez , Lithuanian vinkšna , all in the sense ‘elm’. However, if so, the original nasal consonant in the latter group is difficult to explain. Origin in a non-Indo-European substrate language could perhaps explain the phonological problems posed by this etymology. History in English. The length of the stem vowel in Old English is somewhat disputed. The β. forms appear to reflect northern lengthening in open syllables in Middle English, suggesting that the vowel was originally short. In Old English the word inflects both as a strong and as a weak noun and appears to show masculine as well as feminine gender. In later use in the form witch at α. forms the word is increasingly associated with witch n., especially in wych alder n. at Compounds 2. Compare the discussion at witch hazel n. Occurrence in place names. The word occurs early as a boundary marker in Anglo-Saxon charters bounds (compare quot. c1155) and in place names, as Wicheford , Wiltshire (1086; now Great Wishford), Wiceford , Cambridgeshire (1086; now Witchford), although in these it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from forms of wick n.² In place names it is usually assumed to refer to the wych elm. A kind of tree (not always possible to identify, esp. in early use); spec. the wych elm Ulmus glabra and the rowan (or mountain ash), Sorbus aucuparia. Cf. wych tree n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun] wycheOE elmc1000 ulm-treec1000 witch hazela1400 all-heart1567 ulme1567 white elm1580 wych elm1582 witchen1594 weeping elm1606 trench-elm1676 smooth-leaved elm1731 witch elm1731 water elm1733 slippery elm1748 Scotch elm1769 wahoo1770 American elm1771 red elm1805 witches' elm1808 moose elm1810 cork-elm1813 rock elm1817 swamp elm1817 planer tree1819 Jersey elm1838 winged elm1858 sand elm1878 Exeter-elm1882 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > mountain ash quick treeeOE wycheOE quickena1400 foldc1420 rowan-tree1483 quickbeam?1537 wild ash1552 field ash1578 mountain ash1597 quicken berry1597 whitten1633 witchen1664 quickenberry tree1671 wicky1681 rowan1751 narrow-leaved service tree1793 sorb1796 bastard mountain ash1800 roundwood1846 fowler's service tree1859 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxvi. 86 Genim cwicbeamrinde & æpsan.., wir, wice, ac. c1155 ( Bounds (Sawyer 508) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Bath & Wells (2007) 87 Of þam alre to þam twam wycan standað on gerewe. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 526 Wyche, tre, ulmus. 1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 308 Mulso..wrongfully fellid xxvij trees of asche and wyche. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 20 Nor holybush, nor brere, nor winding witche. 1616 T. Scot 2nd Pt. Philomythie sig. B4^v The cursed Eldar and the fatall Yewe, With Witch, and Nightshade in their shadowes grew. 1791 Viner's Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity IV. (ed. 2) 562 The defendant said that the place is 20 acres, where 20 wyches grew. 1861 D. H. Haigh Conq. Brit. 78 The mountain-ash, rown, or witch. 1998 O. Rackham Trees & Woodland in Brit. Landscape (rev. ed.) i. 21 The Lineage group of elms..coppice like wych but are gregarious; they are a distinctive and ancient feature of some eastern woods. Compounds See also wych elm n. C1. General use as a modifier, as in wych bough, wych bark, etc. Somewhat rare. ΚΠ 1537 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 483 That 3 or 4000 wyche bowes..be brought hyther. 1891 Timber 8 Aug. 480/2 The Wych variety has tougher leaves and broader leaves. 1909 A. Machen in M. Ashley Arthurian Legends (1998) 487 Then drew forth Queen Guinevere the wych-bough from its place and again dipped it down three times into the cauldron. 2017 @daily_altar in twitter.com 22 Oct. (accessed 3 Feb. 2021) ‡ small drum ‡ knife, placed upon bed of thistle ‡ charm (for prophetic dreams) ‡ ash from burnt witch bark. C2. wych alder n. either of two shrubs constituting the genus Fothergilla (family Hamamelidaceae), which are native to the southeastern United States, and cultivated as ornamentals for their spikes of fragrant flowers, which lack petals but have conspicuous white stamens, and for their red, orange, and yellow autumn foliage. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > witch hazel oppie1592 witch hazel1737 hamamelis1751 winterbloom1752 wych alder1822 hazel1867 1822 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 282 [Fothergilla] alnifolia..(witch alder. Southern states.) 1990 S. A. Spongberg Reunion of Trees i. 36 The witch alders and the witch hazels all belong to the same family of plants, the Hamamelidaceae, and they share an identical mechanism of seed dispersal. 2005 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 8 May e 6/6 Another less common woody native also in its glory in mid-May is the Witch Alder (Fothergilla gardenii). wych tree n. the wych elm, Ulmus glabra; (also) the rowan or mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia.Now only in lists of alternative names for these trees. ΚΠ 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.viij^v Vlmus is called..in englishe an Elme tree, or a Wich tree. 1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees vi. 37 Lay the cut part of the Cyen on the cut part of the Stock, and bind it on with course Woollen-yarn, Basses, or the inward peeling of the Witch-tree. 1891 H. Speight Through Airedale 288 In Autumn the scarlet berries of the rowan or witch-tree contrasting beautifully with the white foam, renders the scene exceedingly attractive. 1913 H. B. Watt in Hampstead Heath: Geol. & Nat. Hist. (Hampstead Sci. Soc.) v. 129 Camperdown elms, the weeping or pendulous form of the wych-tree, grow in several places. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora (1996) 241 Switch-elm, Yks; witan elm, Shrop; wych halse, Corn, Som; wych-tree, Som; wych-hazel, Dev, Som, Wilts, Worc, Ches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : wichwychn. < n.eOE see also
随便看	harebrainedly harebrainedness harebrainness harebur harecatcher harechase harecop harecoursing hared haredi haredization haredrive hareeyed harefinder hareflesh harefoot harehearted harehound harehunter harehunting harekangaroo hareld harelds harelike harelip

wychn.

Compounds

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