1793 Asiatick Researches 3 408 Serapis, I believe, is the same with Yama or Pluto... Yama, the regent of hell, has two dogs, according to the Puránas.

1807 Asiatick Researches (ed. 4) 5 298 Yama is the lord of Patala; there he orders some to be beaten, some to be cut to pieces, some to be devoured by monsters, &c.

1853 R. S. Hardy Man. Budhism x. 481 This woman..despises her husband, and rules him as if he was her slave, and is like a messenger sent from Yama to frighten him.

1870 E. J. Eitel Handbk. for Student of Chinese Buddhism i. 173/1 Yama..originally the Aryan god of the dead, living in a heaven above the world, the regent of the South; but Brahminism transferred his abode to hell.

1921 C. Eliot Hinduism & Buddhism I. xv. 337 Mâra..presides over desire and temptation, not over judgment and punishment. This is the function of Yama, the god of the dead.

1952 J. Finegan Archeol. World Religions iii. 132 The Fathers, or spirits of the dead, dwell in the blessed abode ruled by Yama, who was first to die.

1978 G. Vidal Kalki ii. 28 The dread Yama—that is, death—will reign until the human race has begun a new cycle.

1868 Chambers's Encycl. X. 317/2 The first stage, forbearance (yama), consists in not doing injury to living beings, veracity, avoidance of theft, chastity, and non-acceptance of gifts.

1896 Swami Vivekananda Yoga Philos. ii. 17 Râja Yoga is divided into eight steps. The first is Yama—non-killing, truthfulness, non-stealing, continence, and non-receiving of any gifts.

1950 A. P. Karmarkar Religions of India v. xviii. 296 The third Tantra..details at length the various topics of Yama, Niyama,..and Samādhi.

1981 N. Kea Scorpion ii. iii. 99 In Yama,..body and mind are both immensely strengthened if they work truly in harmony.