xanthinen.

Brit.

/ˈzanθiːn/,

/ˈzanθʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˈzænˌθin/,

/ˈzænθən/

Forms: Also xanthin.

Etymology: < French xanthine, < Greek ξανθός yellow: see -ine suffix⁵.

Chemistry.

a. A substance (C₅H₄N₄O₂) allied to uric acid, found in various organs and secretions of the animal body; originally called xanthic oxide (see xanthic adj. 1a), from its forming a lemon-yellow compound with nitric acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > substances from animals or humans > [noun] > xanthine

xanthic oxide1817

xanthine1857

1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 46 This interesting body..bears so close a resemblance to xanthine or uric oxide, that Scherer has named it hypoxanthine.

1862 H. B. Jones in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XV. 78 (heading) On a Deposit of Crystallized Xanthin in Human Urine.

1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 582 The liver contained..leucin, tyrosin, and xanthin.

1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. i. 78 Xanthine may be extracted from muscular tissue in the same way as the sarkine.

attributive and in other combinations.1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1050 Xanthine..was discovered by Marcet in a urinary calculus weighing only 8 grains. Liebig and Wöhler afterwards found it in a larger calculus weighing between 18 and 20 grammes; these are the only known examples of xanthine calculi.1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 93 Dr. Bence Jones has recorded an interesting case of xanthin gravel occurring in a lad aged nine and a half years.1883 Science 23 Feb. 75/1 By heating xanthine-silver [= the silver-compound of xanthine] with methyl iodide, a methyl group was introduced.1897 Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. 9 123 Convulsive seizures,..produced by the action of the poisonous xanthin bodies on the nerve centres.1907 Sat. Rev. 16 Mar. 338/1 So called food reformers..bandy about their catchwords—flesh-forming,..xanthin-forming and the like.

b. Any of several substituted derivatives of xanthine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [noun] > heterocyclic compounds > containing nitrogen > xanthine > derivatives

xanthine1956

1956 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. xvi. 613 Three important methylated xanthines that occur naturally are caffeine, theobromine and theophylline.

1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xv. 280 The xanthines..have proved to be valuable drugs for the treatment of such respiratory diseases as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.

2. xanthine oxidase n. an enzyme catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes

galactase1898

cellulase1901

nuclease1902

xanthine oxidase1905

exoenzyme1908

glucosidase1909

galactase1910

nucleosidase1911

nucleotidase1911

adenosine deaminase1913

cellobiase1919

hydratase1922

activase1928

hexokinase1930

histaminase1930

kallikrein1930

Michaelis constant1930

cholinesterase1932

phosphodiesterase1932

chymotrypsin1933

glycosidase1933

rhodanese1933

acetylcholinesterase1937

prolidase1937

diaphorase1938

aconitase1939

hyaluronidase1940

transaminase1940

hydrase1943

isomerase1943

lactoperoxidase1943

streptokinase1944

pectinesterase1945

pectinmethylesterase1945

phosphokinase1946

alliinase1947

CoA1947

phosphotransferase1948

polymerase1948

transferase1948

elastase1949

amyloglucosidase1950

transacetylase1950

transhydrogenase1952

hydroxylase1953

kinase1953

transketolase1953

synthase1954

hexosaminidase1955

translocase1957

angiotensinase1958

angiotensin converting enzyme1960

photoenzyme1960

acetyltransferase1961

adenyl cyclase1961

adenylate cyclase1962

replicase1962

ADA1963

transcriptase1963

adenylyl cyclase1964

recombinase1964

laminarinase1966

nickase1967

acrosin1970

reverse transcriptase1970

cellobiohydrolase1972

cyclooxygenase1974

laminaranase1974

primase1977

helicase1978

monodeiodinase1978

transposase1979

maturase1980

1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 88 ii. 271 The presence of oxygen is necessary to obtain in liver extract uric acid from the purine bases it contains, or that are added to it. The uric acid found comes almost exclusively from xanthine, and is due to a ferment, xanthine-oxydase.

1983 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. I. ix. 79/1 Not all patients with xanthine stones have xanthine oxidase deficiency.

Derivatives

ˈxanthinine n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic bases > [noun]

creatine1835

cystine1843

ammeline1846

creatinine1847

thialdine1847

toluidine1850

pyrrole base1853

parapicoline1857

pinacoline1866

xanthinine1868

choline1869

xanthocreatinine1887

xanthocreatine1891

Schiff base1892

tar base1921

thiocholine1929

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1051 Xanthinine. C⁴H³N³O²... A base produced..by heating thionurate of ammonium to 200°... On boiling the resulting mass with water, the xanthinine remains as a yellow powder.

xanthiˈnuria n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > other substances in urine

pyuria1772

albuminuria1838

azoturia1838

oxaluria1844

hippuria1847

mellituria1848

cystinuria1853

phosphuria1854

phosphoruria1858

chyluria1860

glycosuria1860

bacilluria1881

acetonuria1883

urobilinuria1887

alkaptonuria1888

bacteriuria1889

melanuria1890

peptonuria1890

xanthinuria1890

indicanuria1897

postural albuminuria1897

acholuria1900

pentosuria1902

proteinuria1911

ketonuria1913

porphyrinuria1916

hypercalcuria1930

porphobilinogenuria1949

natriuresis1957

maple syrup disease1959

saluresis1959

homocystinuria1962

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthinuria, passage of xanthin in the urine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	xanthine
释义	xanthinen. Brit. /ˈzanθiːn/, /ˈzanθʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈzænˌθin/, /ˈzænθən/ Forms: Also xanthin. Etymology: < French xanthine, < Greek ξανθός yellow: see -ine suffix⁵. Chemistry. 1. a. A substance (C₅H₄N₄O₂) allied to uric acid, found in various organs and secretions of the animal body; originally called xanthic oxide (see xanthic adj. 1a), from its forming a lemon-yellow compound with nitric acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > substances from animals or humans > [noun] > xanthine xanthic oxide1817 xanthine1857 1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 46 This interesting body..bears so close a resemblance to xanthine or uric oxide, that Scherer has named it hypoxanthine. 1862 H. B. Jones in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XV. 78 (heading) On a Deposit of Crystallized Xanthin in Human Urine. 1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 582 The liver contained..leucin, tyrosin, and xanthin. 1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. i. 78 Xanthine may be extracted from muscular tissue in the same way as the sarkine. attributive and in other combinations.1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1050 Xanthine..was discovered by Marcet in a urinary calculus weighing only 8 grains. Liebig and Wöhler afterwards found it in a larger calculus weighing between 18 and 20 grammes; these are the only known examples of xanthine calculi.1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 93 Dr. Bence Jones has recorded an interesting case of xanthin gravel occurring in a lad aged nine and a half years.1883 Science 23 Feb. 75/1 By heating xanthine-silver [= the silver-compound of xanthine] with methyl iodide, a methyl group was introduced.1897 Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. 9 123 Convulsive seizures,..produced by the action of the poisonous xanthin bodies on the nerve centres.1907 Sat. Rev. 16 Mar. 338/1 So called food reformers..bandy about their catchwords—flesh-forming,..xanthin-forming and the like. b. Any of several substituted derivatives of xanthine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [noun] > heterocyclic compounds > containing nitrogen > xanthine > derivatives xanthine1956 1956 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. xvi. 613 Three important methylated xanthines that occur naturally are caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. 1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xv. 280 The xanthines..have proved to be valuable drugs for the treatment of such respiratory diseases as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. 2. xanthine oxidase n. an enzyme catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes galactase1898 cellulase1901 nuclease1902 xanthine oxidase1905 exoenzyme1908 glucosidase1909 galactase1910 nucleosidase1911 nucleotidase1911 adenosine deaminase1913 cellobiase1919 hydratase1922 activase1928 hexokinase1930 histaminase1930 kallikrein1930 Michaelis constant1930 cholinesterase1932 phosphodiesterase1932 chymotrypsin1933 glycosidase1933 rhodanese1933 acetylcholinesterase1937 prolidase1937 diaphorase1938 aconitase1939 hyaluronidase1940 transaminase1940 hydrase1943 isomerase1943 lactoperoxidase1943 streptokinase1944 pectinesterase1945 pectinmethylesterase1945 phosphokinase1946 alliinase1947 CoA1947 phosphotransferase1948 polymerase1948 transferase1948 elastase1949 amyloglucosidase1950 transacetylase1950 transhydrogenase1952 hydroxylase1953 kinase1953 transketolase1953 synthase1954 hexosaminidase1955 translocase1957 angiotensinase1958 angiotensin converting enzyme1960 photoenzyme1960 acetyltransferase1961 adenyl cyclase1961 adenylate cyclase1962 replicase1962 ADA1963 transcriptase1963 adenylyl cyclase1964 recombinase1964 laminarinase1966 nickase1967 acrosin1970 reverse transcriptase1970 cellobiohydrolase1972 cyclooxygenase1974 laminaranase1974 primase1977 helicase1978 monodeiodinase1978 transposase1979 maturase1980 1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 88 ii. 271 The presence of oxygen is necessary to obtain in liver extract uric acid from the purine bases it contains, or that are added to it. The uric acid found comes almost exclusively from xanthine, and is due to a ferment, xanthine-oxydase. 1983 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. I. ix. 79/1 Not all patients with xanthine stones have xanthine oxidase deficiency. Derivatives ˈxanthinine n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic bases > [noun] creatine1835 cystine1843 ammeline1846 creatinine1847 thialdine1847 toluidine1850 pyrrole base1853 parapicoline1857 pinacoline1866 xanthinine1868 choline1869 xanthocreatinine1887 xanthocreatine1891 Schiff base1892 tar base1921 thiocholine1929 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1051 Xanthinine. C⁴H³N³O²... A base produced..by heating thionurate of ammonium to 200°... On boiling the resulting mass with water, the xanthinine remains as a yellow powder. xanthiˈnuria n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > other substances in urine pyuria1772 albuminuria1838 azoturia1838 oxaluria1844 hippuria1847 mellituria1848 cystinuria1853 phosphuria1854 phosphoruria1858 chyluria1860 glycosuria1860 bacilluria1881 acetonuria1883 urobilinuria1887 alkaptonuria1888 bacteriuria1889 melanuria1890 peptonuria1890 xanthinuria1890 indicanuria1897 postural albuminuria1897 acholuria1900 pentosuria1902 proteinuria1911 ketonuria1913 porphyrinuria1916 hypercalcuria1930 porphobilinogenuria1949 natriuresis1957 maple syrup disease1959 saluresis1959 homocystinuria1962 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthinuria, passage of xanthin in the urine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1857
随便看	testifies testify testifying testilier testiliest testily testimonage testimoner testimonia testimonial testimonial book testimonial craze testimonial dinner testimonial game testimonial letter testimonial match testimonial proof testimonial-man testimonial-writer testimonialise testimonialised testimonialises testimonialising testimonialization testimonialize