xeno-comb. form

1884 J. S. Kingsley Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 66 The geographical distribution of the Edentates... To America belong the xenarthral or many-jointed forms.

1974 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer 30 304/1 Gel filtration was used to show that the tumour specific xenoantibody responsible for protection was not IgM but was in the IgG fraction.

1984 Human Immunol. X. 57 Xenoantibodies to idiotypes of the anti-HLA-A2, A28 MoAb CR11-351 were isolated from an antiserum raised in rabbit #81.

1975 Nature 24 Apr. 716/2 An important characteristic of the immune system is the ability to discriminate between antigens expressed on normal tissues within the individual and the many foreign antigens expressed on normal tissues of other species (xenoantigens) and even on normal tissues of members of the same species (alloantigens).

1984 Jrnl. Immunol. 132 2522/1 An increase in specific antigenic activity for the Rana-specific xenoantigen.

1973 Tissue Antigens III. 5/1 Some of the eluted fractions possessed both alloantigenic and xenoantigenic activity.

1973 Tissue Antigens III. 18/2 Strain-discriminating effects of xenoantisera were reported..over thirty years ago.

1978 Nature 26 Oct. 711/1 Experiments with xenoantiserum to murine tissues provided the first, fortuitous indication that Thy-1 included an hitherto unrecognised specificity.

1901 W. M. Wheeler in Amer. Naturalist July 535 Xenobiosis... The best-known guest ant is the European Formicoxenus nitidulus.

1965 H. S. Mason et al. in Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 24 1172 (heading) Microsomal mixed-function oxidations: the metabolism of xenobiotics.

1965 H. S. Mason et al. in Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 24 1172 We would like to call the components of this chemical environment which are foreign to the metabolic network of an organism ‘xenobiotic’ compounds.

1975 B. L. Williams & K. Wilson Biologist's Guide to Princ. & Techniques Pract. Biochem. i. 13 In order to study the metabolism of a xenobiotic, it is advantageous to administer it in an isotopically-labelled form.

1981 Internat. Jrnl. Environ. Stud. 17 11/2 Many xenobiotic substances reduce blood concentrations of one or more vitamins.

1920 A. Holmes Nomencl. Petrol. 241 xenoblast, a term applied to crystals which have grown during metamorphism without the development of their characteristic faces.

1962 T. F. W. Barth Theoret. Petrol. (ed. 2) 288 The majority of the minerals in metamorphic rocks are irregular in outline, xenoblasts; but some minerals are frequently bounded by their own crystal faces, idioblasts.

1931 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks I. 232 Xenoblastic, a texture in metamorphic rocks corresponding to the xenomorphic in igneous rocks. The crystals lack proper crystal faces.

1980 Mineral. Mag. XLIII. 781/1 In thin-section all the felsic grains are seen to be xenoblastic.

1965 E. Weber in Rogger & Weber European Right 507 Everywhere Eminescu looked..he saw foreigners and cryptoforeigners; the intelligentsia, recruited from men who had inherited their character and ideas from Greek or Bulgarian fore~bears; the ruling Liberals, who drew their manners and policies from the Seine, the Spree, and the Bosphorus... Altogether one vast xenocracy.

1975 H. Luke in K. M. Setton Hist. Crusades III. xi. 394 While it is unlikely that the Cypriote peasantry under the Lusignan kingdom were politically worse off..than the peasantry of other Near Eastern countries.., it is not surprising that by the end of the Venetian occupation they had come to conceive..a profound hatred of the Latin xenocracy.

1894 W. J. Sollas in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1896–1901 (1901) 30 493 As a distinctive appelation appropriate to the crystals, both of pyroxene and of plagioclase felspar, which have found their way from the gabbro into the granophyre, the term ‘xenocrysts’ may be employed. Correspondingly included fragments of the whole rock may be called ‘xenoliths’.

1964 G. A. Joplin Petrogr. Austral. Igneous Rocks ii. 26 Xenocrysts commonly show some resorption or corona indicating that they have reacted with the magma.

1983 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 91 277 Xenocrysts and xenoliths from three Ithaca kimberlite localities are consistent with derivation from mantle depths of less than 150 km.

1963 Amer. Mineralogist 58 172 Classification of Kerguelen rocks is to a large extent dependent on the amount of xenocrystal material present.

1981 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 86 10515 This particular granite cannot be a primary magma... It is a possible product of partial fusion of pelitic rocks between about 20 km and 40 km depth..and xenocrystal muscovite or sillimanite from the source rocks.

1978 Nature 19 Oct. 640/1 The phlogopite is derived from the parental magma or its derivatives and is not a xenocrystic phase.

1947 Anales del Instituto de Medicina Regional (Tucuman) II. 60 The authors describe..artificial xenodiagnosis for cases in which it is not possible to perform it directly upon patients.

1976 Nature 15 July 215/2 Using only male bugs of a susceptible stock for xenodiagnosis should enhance the sensitivity of this diagnostic test.

1955 O Hospital (Rio de Janeiro) XLVII/187 The authors make a comparison between the positivity of xeno-diagnostic tests performed in two ways.

1974 R. Zeledón in K. Elliott et al. Trypanosomiasis & Leishmaniasis 58 New xenodiagnostic tests in an endemic area of Chagas' disease in Costa Rica.

1877 C. Darwin Lett. (1903) II. 413 Some such terms as autogamy, xenogamy, etc.

1870 T. H. Huxley Pres. Addr. Brit. Assoc., Rep. p. lxxvii The term Heterogenesis..has..been used in a different sense, and M. Milne-Edwards has therefore substituted for it Xenogenesis.

1870 T. H. Huxley Pres. Addr. Brit. Assoc., Rep. p. lxxxv The analogy of pathological modification..is in favour of the xenogenetic origin of microzymes.

1901 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 764/2 Xenogenous, caused by a foreign body, or originating outside the organism.

1913 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 7) Adds 2 Formed or developed in the host: a term applied to toxins formed by the action of stimuli on the cells of the host.

1978 Amer. Speech 53 67 Samarin would call the event of persons speaking in a language unknown to them xenoglossia, something different from glossolalia.

1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 July 765/3 The traditional view was that, while at Corinth glossolalia had occurred, meaning that there were lexically non-communicative utterances, at Pentecost what occurred was xenoglossia, utterance in an actual foreign language.

1914 A. T. de Mattos tr. M. Maeterlinck Unknown Guest iii. 101 Xenoglossy is well known not to be unusual in automatic writing; sometimes even the ‘automatist’ speaks or writes languages of which he is completely ignorant.

1932 I. Emerson tr. E. Bozzano (title) Polyglot mediumship (xenoglossy).

1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Aug. 432/2 The investigators are reported to regard her xeno-glossy (ability to speak a foreign language without having learnt it) as a truly paranormal experience.

1961 Nature 25 Mar. 1024/2 Grafts between species..of less general interest..have been called xenografts or heterografts.

1974 R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery ii. 35 A xenograft..is poorly tolerated by the recipient.

1977 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 70 480/2 A xenograft in one patient was unsuccessful.

1984 Times 21 Aug. 4/1 Surgeons have a choice of artificial valves, or those made from human or animal tissue. The latter, xenografts, are silent and rendered rejection-proof.

1978 D. Christie-Murray Voices from Gods xii. 167 There appears to be no evidence of genuine, responsive xenolalia (that is, intelligent conversation carried on in a recognized language completely unknown to the speaker) in any native culture studied by anthropologists.

1981 Times 8 Oct. 15/5 There is a distinction between glossolalia (paranormal speaking in tongues) and xenolalia (paranormal speaking in allegedly foreign languages).

1844 J. D. Dana Min. (1868) 374 Xenolite..resembles fibrolite..excepting in the high specific gravity.

1894 W. J. Sollas in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1896–1901 (1901) 30 493 As a distinctive appelation appropriate to the crystals, both of pyroxene and of plagioclase felspar, which have found their way from the gabbro into the granophyre, the term ‘xenocrysts’ may be employed. Correspondingly included fragments of the whole rock may be called ‘xenoliths’.

1926 T. Hannan Isle of Mull xix. 118 A ‘xenolith’ is simply a ‘stranger’—one not belonging to the rock system of the district.

1934 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Stony Limits 60 Ultra-basic xenoliths that make men look midges.

1942 Mineral. Abstr. 8 242 Xenoliths of siltstone or sandstone country-rock are metasomatized to granophyre.

1975 Nature 10 Apr. 489/1 Xenoliths thought to represent material from the deeper parts of the upper mantle are brought to the surface in kimberlite magmas.

1900 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 56 665 The whole of the cliffs around Annestown Bay are composed of the widespread pink and greenish xenolithic felsites.

1930 B. N. Peach & J. Horne Chapters Geol. Scotl. ii. 67 Grey igneous gneiss is interposed.. and is xenolithic. One of the pale xenoliths was found to consist of malacolite..and green hornblende.

1980 Sci. Amer. May 97/1 With the exception of xenolithic..fragments of mantle that are occasionally brought to the surface by kimberlite pipes and some basalt formations, direct sampling of the upper mantle is impossible.

1879 K. Hillebrand in 19th Cent. Oct. 626 Germany received the first caresses of this strange xenomania from the hands of youthful Carlyle and old Coleridge.

1887 G. Saintsbury Hist. Elizabethan Lit. iv. 136 No writer of the period has such a command of pure English, unadulterated by xenomania and unweakened by purism, as Daniel.

1879 Daily News 30 Sept. 5/1 Are we all Xenomaniacs?

1891 Illustr. London News 7 Feb. 168/2 Sir Arthur Sullivan was never the least bit of a xenomaniac.

1888 Hatch in J. J. H. Teall Brit. Petrography Gloss. 423 Allotriomorphic, a term applied by Rosenbusch..in contradistinction to idiomorphic. It is synonymous with xenomorphic.

1905 E. S. Salmon in Ann. Bot. Jan. 127 To describe cases where a form of a Fungus which is specialized to certain host-plants..proves able to infect injured parts of a strange host, I propose the terms xenoparasite and xenoparasitism.

1905 E. S. Salmon in Ann. Bot. Jan. 127 To describe cases where a form of a Fungus which is specialized to certain host-plants..proves able to infect injured parts of a strange host, I propose the terms xenoparasite and xenoparasitism.

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Xenophile, -phil adjs.

1945 W. Plomer Dorking Thigh 10 And in fancy dress she lingers With a locket in her fingers Containing a curl from That xenophil Greek.

1948 Penguin New Writing XXXIV. 128 New York and Los Angeles seem to be replacing Paris as the goal of Colombian xenophiles.

1968 P. B. Austin On being Swedish xx. 149 Almost in spite of herself, she becomes a xenophile.

1959 Times 3 Dec. 15/7 Among the subjects covered by books in our stock are X-rays, xenophilia, [etc.].

1964 New Statesman 1 May 694/1 The uniters are..more prone to xenophilia. Literature being the least international of the arts, those who wish to infuse it with music and colour tend to be internationalists.

1982 Times 7 Aug. 8/5 When will Americans realise how xenophiliac their short order cuisine is—hamburgers..which Hamburg would not understand, French fries incomprehensible to the French.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia X. 309/2 Tension between the xenophobic (fear of strangers) and xenophilic (love of strangers) in postexilic Judaism was finally resolved some two centuries later.

1912 W. Sickert in English Review Apr. 147 Lest the writer be accused of Xenophilism.

1984 New Yorker 16 Jan. 32/2 Even the most xenophilous among us may feel a twinge of alarm.

1898 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. June 308 No Stromboid, Naticoid, or Xenophoran molluscs have been found hitherto in any fresh water that is known.

1935 A. F. Buddington in Econ. Geol. XXX. 209 The writer therefore proposes the term xenothermal for these deposits,..suggestive of the peculiar textures for the normal high~temperature mineral assemblages involved, of the abnormal association of high temperature with shallow depth, and of the ‘telescoped’ character of many of the deposits.

1976 Nature 10 June 482/2 The tin mineralisation of Missouri bears a resemblance to the subvolcanic (xenothermal) deposits of Japan.

1973 J. A. Levy in Science 14 Dec. 1151/2 The results show that this NZB type virus is endogenous in other strains of mice and is xenotropic; that is, it grows only in cells foreign to the host.

1978 Nature 30 Mar. 456/2 Defective type C RNA tumour viruses which are genetic recombinants between ecotropic and xenotropic viruses have been described and suggested to be the real transforming agents during the course of viral-induced lymphatic leukaemia.

1974 Nature 22 Mar. 279/3 Another example of xenotropism is the endogenous feline virus which when activated replicates in human cells.

1982 Jrnl. Virology 43 472 (heading) Monoclonal antibody to spleen focus-forming virus-encoded gp52 provides a probe for the amino-terminal region of retroviral envelope proteins that confers dual tropism and xenotropism.

1884 J. S. Kingsley Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 50 The Kabassous, or Xenurines, have the third as well as the fourth and fifth metacarpals abbreviated and broad.