yearlingn.adj.
/ˈjɪəlɪŋ/, /ˈjəːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈjɪ(ə)rlɪŋ/ A. n.
1. † b. In plural. The fleece of a one-year-old sheep. Obsolete. rare.
a. An animal (esp. a sheep, calf, or foal) that is one year old; an animal in its second year. Also occasionally with reference to a child.Also occasionally with modifying number: an animal or child of the specified number of years of age. See also two-yearling n. at two adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2.With reference to thoroughbred horses, denoting an animal in the calendar year after the year it was foaled. The official birth date for thoroughbred horses is 1st January (in the northern hemisphere) and 1st August (in the southern hemisphere).
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the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > young animal > yearling
yearinga1464
yearling1465
twelvemonthing1551
year-old1583
winterling1782
wintering1825
1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 554 x. yerlynges.
1531 Lincoln Dioc. Doc. (1914) 247 I bequeth to Jane Hay a yereling, that is to say, a cowe heifer.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 43v In the next [pasture] are my young breede, Yeerelinges, and Twoyeerelinges.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice i. 66 To seperate your horse-colts from your Mare Colts,..and your yearelings from your two yeares old.
1708 Ld. Cornbury Let. 1 July in E. O′Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1855) V. 60 A Yearling will make about forty Barrils of Oyl, a Stunt or Whale two years old will make sometimes fifty.
1792 T. Beddoes Hist. Isaac Jenkins 24 For a single full-grown cow or ox, half a dozen calves and yearlings, I'd wager, are lost in a casualty time.
1826 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 6) I. 17 (note) The female yearling is termed a red Falcon, the male a red Tercel.
1863 Harper's Mag. July 190/2 The smallest of them—a four-yearling, who can usually hardly keep still for a moment—did her part famously.
1877 J. A. Allen Amer. Bisons 463 The cows, on the other hand, as well as the yearlings and two-year-olds, are generally fattest in June.
1902 O. Wister Virginian xi. 123 He's a little more than a yearlin', and of course he'll snuffle.
1967 Appraisal Terminol. & Handbk. (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 5) 79 Feeder Cattle—A market classification for cattle on feed, usually yearlings to mature cattle, but which have not reached a finished or prime condition for slaughter.
2004 Racing Ahead June 17/1 As well as breaking in and preparing yearlings for the sales, he also rode out five lots a day for Jim's son.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > fleece > [noun] > types of
shearling1481
wool1495
hog wool1653
hog1824
fallen fleece1867
shirling1869
yearlings1888
1888 R. Beaumont Woollen & Worsted Cloth Manuf. i. 7 The second clip, which is somewhat thicker in fibre [than ‘lambs’], and both longer and stronger in staple, is styled ‘yearlings’.
2. In plural. Dried hops one year or more after harvesting, typically having a more mellow flavour than those in their first year. Now rare.
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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > of specific age
yearlings1764
1764 Gentleman's & London Mag. Oct. 655/1 Hops sold at Worcester fair..Yearlings, from 4l. to 6l.
1835 G. A. Wigney Treat. Malting & Brewing (ed. 2) viii. 142 A pound of new hops yield as much and a more fragrant bitter than a pound and a half of yearlings.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 12/1 Messrs. Woolloton and Son state that ‘brewers hold exceptionally large stocks of yearlings’.
1902 Times 19 Sept. 2/5 Yearlings are in good request at 70s. to 100s.
3. A plant that is one year old; a plant in its second year.
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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > young or immature plant(s)
planteina1400
youngling1559
plantling1766
yearling1789
immaturity1849
1789 J. Abercrombie Hot-house Gardener 72 Yearlings..should also be placed in fresh bark-beds.
1850 Florist & Garden Misc. 1849 2 247 Matthew's Juno, large and full, lavender, purple-edge, noticed by us as a yearling last season.
1910 Forestry Q. 8 103 A small plantation of Banksian Pine with yearlings on unprepared soil was choked out by the heather.
2001 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128 145/2 (caption) Yearlings are distinguished from other seedlings by their distinctive morphology.
4. U.S. slang.
a. At a military academy (esp. the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York): a second-year cadet; a sophomore.
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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > student cadet
cadet1775
plebe1833
pleb1838
beast1871
snooker1872
yearling1885
1885 ‘H. Castlemon’ Young Wild-fowlers v. 92 One single plebe backed a class of seventy-five yearlings square down.
1894 N.Y. Times 23 Sept. 17/2 Cadet Connor played half on last year's team... Cadet Connor stands No. 1 in his class, which makes him the first and brightest star of the ‘yearlings’.
1944 Collier's 23 Sept. 69/1 His femme fell for a [West Point] yearling.
1990 D. Peterson Dress Gray iii. 62 In addition, plebes get their first interaction with cadets from the next two classes, known as ‘yearlings’ (sophomores) and ‘cows’ (juniors). I disliked yearlings (or ‘yuks’) immediately.
2012 Augusta (Georgia) Chron. (Nexis) 7 Dec. c1 Osteen didn't kick for the Black Knights as a plebe or yearling.
b. A first-year college student; a freshman. Now esp. in sporting contexts.
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society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > first-year student
puny1548
freshman1583
puisne1592
freshwomana1627
bejan1642
nib1655
jib1827
greeny1834
fox1839
freshie1845
rat1850
buttery Benjie1854
pennal1854
yellow-beak1865
fresher1875
yellow-neb1879
yearling1908
frosh1915
1908 Washington Post 11 Oct. 4/6 (headline) Caps worry freshmen. Columbia yearlings and the headgear they must wear.
1940 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §825/6 Freshman…yearling.
1961 Washington Post 7 May c2/1 In the freshman race, Cornell and Syracuse were even until the last half-mile when Cornell pulled away... The Cornell yearlings were stroked by John Cromwell.
1999 New Hampsh. Sunday News (Nexis) 28 Nov. (Sports page) Stonehill College football yearling Matt Walsh of Brentwood was named Freshman of the Week.
5. Finance. In early use: a bond redeemable after one year. In later use usually: British a bond issued by a local authority, typically redeemable after one year.
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society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > bond > types of bond
government securities1707
Sword-blade bond1707
long bond1720
government paper1774
indent1788
premium bond1820
active1835
preference bond1848
investment bond1853
mortgage bond1853
revenue bond1853
municipal bond1858
treasury-bond1858
sices1867
property bond1869
government1870
priority bond1884
municipal1888
income bonds1889
yearling1889
war baby1901
Liberty Bond1917
Liberty Loan1917
victory bond1917
corporate1922
performance bond1938
convertible1957
Eurobond1966
Euroconvertible1968
managed bond1972
muni1973
granny bond1976
bulldog bond1980
Euro1981
granny1981
strip1982
zero1982
1889 Standard 24 May 6/1 Some of the first batch of Treasury ‘yearlings’, issued in March last.
1921 Times 14 Jan. 14/1 As to whether it is worth while to exercise the option of now converting the bonds into yearlings there is a difference of opinion.
1966 This is Bill-Broking (Allen, Harvey & Ross Ltd.) 38/1 Yearlings, stocks issued by local authorities for a period of a year and quoted either on the stock exchange or in the discount market.
1977 Guardian 19 Apr. 17/2 At the moment the yearlings give a return of 10 per cent which may be lower than what is available on the ordinary bonds, but are flexible.
2000 J. Wormell Managem. National Debt United Kingdom, 1900–32 736 British Government yearlings were being issued at a discount of about 27/8 per cent.
B. adj. (attributive).
1. Designating a one-year-old animal (or rarely a one-year-old child); designating an animal in its second year.Also occasionally with modifying number: designating an animal or child of the specified number of years of age. See also two-yearling n. at two adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2, three-yearling adj. at three-years adj. Derivatives.With reference to thoroughbred horses see note at sense A. 1a.
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the world > animals > family unit > [adjective] > young > one year old
yearing1451
yearling1528
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > specific age
seven?1440
yearing1451
year-old1556
yeared1583
seventy1590
two-year1596
quinquagenarian1603
septuagenary1605
twelvea1616
thirty1618
three-yearling1621
one-eared1645
quadragenarious1656
trimenstruous1656
septennian1662
sexagenarian1663
sexagenary1663
octogenarya1696
seven-year-old1713
quinquagenary1715
yearling1729
septuagesimal1781
septuagenarian1793
octogenarian1818
fortyish1821
seventeen-year-old1821
three-year-old1825
week-old1826
centenarian1828
day-old1831
70-year-old1832
quadragenarian1834
century-old1836
nonagenarian1877
teenaged1913
thirtyish1925
1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Fj The fleshe of..yerelynge wethers..is conuenient inoughe to eate.
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 74 Yeerely, the Iewes a Yearling Lambe must slay.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 80 So many thousand male unblemished yearling lambs.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 286 I order'd Friday to take a yearling Goat.
1729 J. Swift Modest Proposal 13 A well grown, fat Yearling Child.
1814 R. Southey Roderick i. 244 Even like a yearling child, a fosterer's care.
1859 Sporting Mag. Oct. 240 The yearling filly by him [sc. Rataplan], out of Musjid's dam.
1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Apr. 148 Kips—the skins of small or yearling cattle, exceeding the size of the calf skins.
1917 Field Oct. 782/3 Junior champion bull was Mr. Cleveland's Sunnybrook Judge a five yearling son of Florham Autocrat.
1958 ‘W. Henry’ Seven Men at Mimbres Springs xv. 176 Doc Harnaday and his old Sharps could..‘hit a yearling bull..at 900 yards’.
2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 23/3 The race is for yearling pigeons.
2. Designating a plant, shoot, or branch which is one year old; designating a plant in its second year.
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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > young
youngeOE
greeneOE
yearling1657
1657 J. Beale Herefordshire Orchards 19 More might be added to Lawsons rules, of distinguishing the hopefulnesse of the fruit by the first leaves of the yearling plant.
1786 J. Abercrombie Gardener's Pocket Dict. I. 8 The fruit is mostly produced on the yearling shoots.
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 178 For hedge-planting, cuttings, or yearling plants.
1870 Trans. Calif. State Agric. Soc. 1868 & 1869 125 The yearling branches are cut in the late winter or early spring, before the sap has commenced to rise.
1908 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry (ed. 2) V. i. i. 9 The widening of the..primary growing tissue of the yearling shoot, is caused by the water taken from the plasmic contents of the nascent organs.
2012 D. A. Steen God of Wonders 97 Yearling plants are replanted in another field, where they get special care for a second year.
3. Designating dried hops (or seeds) one year or more after harvesting. Now rare.
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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > of specific age or year
yearling1800
annotinous1836
1800 Monthly Mag. Oct. 296 Yearling hops, of which 250 pockets were sold, went from 14l. to 17l.
1888 Daily News 13 Oct. 2/6 Yearling and old hops are at present quite neglected.
1892 Daily News 11 Oct. 6/4 Yearling red cloverseed.
1905 L. Briant in A. C. Chapman Hop & its Constituents 58 We must not overlook the fact that yearling hops possess special qualities of their own.
4. Of a person: of a year's standing; that has had a particular occupation or status for one year.
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the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > that lasts a year > that has lasted a year
yearling1818
1818 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 130/2 Some yearling barrister bristling in the new borne glories of a rustling gown and a stiff periwig.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. i. 5 As yearling brides provide lace caps, and work rich clothes, for the expected darling.
1893 Nurse (Boston) Nov. 147/2 Wes used to be struck by the calmness with which yearling nurses would take their lives in their hands and confront contagion and its consequences.
1958 ABA Jrnl. Oct. 957/1 Almost everyone [came], from yearling lawyers attending their first Annual Meeting to grey sedate veterans of the Bench.
1995 Proc. 6th Ann. Dillard Univ. National Conf. Black–Jewish Relations 75 A relationship which began 41 years ago when we were both yearling professors—not quite dry behind the ears—in the Atlanta University complex.
5. Finance. In early use: designating a bond redeemable after one year. In later use usually: British designating a bond issued by a local authority, typically redeemable after one year.
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society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [adjective] > types of securities > types of bond
convertible1869
yearling1911
Euroconvertible1968
muni1979
zero-coupon1979
1911 Times 5 May 18/4 The City of New York Revenue ‘yearling’ bonds were being offered on this side on the basis of 3 per cent.
1928 Financial Times 20 Oct. 6/2 The senior stocks..join the class known as yearling bonds, involving a very comfortable profit to the person who bought the Three and a Half per Cent. Debenture stock at 76 last year.
1932 Washington Post 13 Apr. 6/3 This country expects a change and won't tie up its money. Even the yearling bonds were too old.
1969 Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 5/7 Most yearling bonds mature in..a year, sometimes two to five years.
1977 Guardian 19 Apr. 17/2 Yearling bonds..which come in units of £1,000, are much more flexible—and like the local authority bonds disgorge interest twice a year. They last for 12 months only and then investors have to start again.
2006 M. Doughty Joy of Money (ed. 2) 225 Local authorities..borrow money in two ways, via yearling bonds and local authority bonds.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.adj.1465