youselfpron.

Brit.

/juːˈsɛlf/,

/jəˈsɛlf/, U.S.

/juˈsɛlf/,

/jəˈsɛlf/, Caribbean English

/juːˈsɛlf/

Forms:

α. Old English eow sylfe (accusative), Old English (accusative)–early Middle English eow selfe, early Middle English eov-sulf, early Middle English eow seolfe, early Middle English ȝou-seolue, early Middle English ouself, early Middle English ou self, early Middle English ou-selue, early Middle English ouseolf, early Middle English ou seolf, early Middle English ou sulf, early Middle English ov-sulf, early Middle English ov sulue, early Middle English owself, early Middle English ow self, early Middle English ow seolf, Middle English ȝioself, Middle English ȝouself, Middle English ȝou-self, Middle English ȝou self, Middle English ȝou-selue, Middle English ȝou selue, Middle English ȝousilf, Middle English ȝou silf, Middle English ȝowself, Middle English ȝow-self, Middle English ȝowselfe, Middle English ȝow-selfe, Middle English ȝow-selue, Middle English ȝow silue, Middle English ȝow-sulf, Middle English yo self, Middle English you self, Middle English you-self, Middle English youselve, Middle English yowself, Middle English yow-self, Middle English yu-self, 1500s yow self (Scottish); regional and nonstandard 1700s (in representations of Caribbean English) 1800s– you self, 1900s– yo self, 1900s– yo'self, 1900s– yousel', 1900s– youself, 1900s– you'self, 1900s– you-self; U.S. regional 1800s– yo'se'f, 1800s– yoself, 1800s– you'self, 1900s– yo'sef, 1900s– yousef.

β. Old English eow selfum (dative), Old English eow seolfum (dative), Old English eow sylfum (dative), Old English iow solfum (Northumbrian, dative), Old English iuh seolfum (Northumbrian, dative), Old English ivh seolfvm (Northumbrian, dative), late Old English eow syluum (dative), early Middle English eouseluen, early Middle English eou seolfan, early Middle English eow seluen, early Middle English eow seoluen, early Middle English ȝeu seluen, early Middle English ȝew seluen, early Middle English giu seluen, early Middle English ȝuw sellfenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ou seluen, early Middle English ou selven, early Middle English ou suluen, early Middle English ow seluen, early Middle English owseluen, early Middle English ow seoluen, early Middle English ow-sulfen, Middle English ȝouselfen, Middle English ȝouseluen, Middle English ȝou-silven, Middle English ȝow-seluen.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: you pron., self pron.

Etymology: < you pron. + self pron. Compare self pron. 2b, 2c. Compare later yourself pron.Old English ēow selfe (accusative) and ēow selfum (dative) represent inflected forms of gē selfe ( < ye pron. + self pron.; compare examples below). (With Northumbrian forms such as īuih seolfo (accusative), īowih solfe (accusative), īuh seolfum (dative), compare discussion at you pron.) There is also a distinct Old English construction ēow selfe (in apposition to the subjective pronoun gē or after a verb in the imperative), in which selfe is in the nominative in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun ēow representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quot. OE at sense 1, and discussion at thyself pron.). In the paradigm of Old English gē selfe the forms of self pron. are plural and agree in case with the personal pronoun; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like ye selve , you selven , your selve , etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing word-final voiceless fricative (as in modern standard English yourself pron.) reflect substitution of uninflected self (see discussion at self pron., and compare quot. OE¹ and the variant reading in quot. OE² for early examples of such substitution). It is uncertain whether there is continuity between the Middle English and later use. It is possible that later instances may instead reflect reanalysis of reduced forms of yourself pron. The frequent occurrence of forms with an apostrophe, such as you'self , suggests that the word is often at least perceived to be a variant of yourself pron. Compare likewise you'selves (also yoselves ), chiefly U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage), probably showing reduced forms of yourselves pron. Like ye pron., the original subject form ye self is still attested in archaic and regional use, both as an emphatic pronoun (compare quot. 1901) and as a reflexive pronoun (compare quot. 2005). However, some later attestations of yeself probably reflect reduced forms of yourself pron., rather than continuing Old English gē selfe , Middle English ye self (compare forms of your pron.), while others may also show alteration of yourself pron. after ye pron. Compare: OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xi. 46 Ipsi uno digito uestro non tangitis sarcinas : gie seolf [OE Rushw. ge solfa] anum fingre mið iuer ne gehrinað ðæm hondhæfum.OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 28 Ge sylfe [c1200 Hatton ge sylf] me synd to gewitnesse þæt ic sæde, ne eom ic Crist ac ic eom asend beforan hine.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7509 Hældeð ȝe seolf eowre lond.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6786 To cumlinges do yee right na suike, For quilum war yee seluen slike.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. xvi. l. 122 Thanne are ye cherles..And Sathan youre Saueour: yeself [c1400 Laud ȝow-selue] now ye witnessen.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. ii. 5 And ȝe silf as quyk stoonys be ȝe aboue bildid in to spiritual housis.?a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Bodl. Th d.36) (1976) i. 74 If alle men weren as riche as ȝesilff ben, ȝe schulden fare mych þe wors.1832 N.Y. Mirror 14 July 13/1 Ye may mony and mony times think yeself surrounded wi' happiness, when misery..is gnashin' at your hough.1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 108 ‘No worse than yeself,’ retorted Bailey.1901 L. Housman Mod. Antaeus 259 You done it ye'self; you run ye'self and me slam into 'im, as 'e was comin'along.2005 S. Elmes Talking for Brit. xii. 317 When they're annoyed, they're ‘Scunnered—you're scunnered wi' yeself—ragin'’.

Now chiefly U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage) and Caribbean.

†I. With plural reference.

1. In emphatic use: = yourself pron. 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. viii. 67 Nellað geþencan hu lað eow selfum wæs to gelæstanne eowre aþas þæm þe ofer eow anwald hæfdon.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 410 Beoð eow sylfe nu gearwe to gewendenne to Criste.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17952 Ȝe ȝuw sellfenn berenn me God wittness þatt i seȝȝde Till ȝuw, þatt i ne wass nohht crist.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 164 (MED) Ower read..forreadeð ow seolf.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2894 Wenden ȝe..to fellen uren leoden & beon eow seluen riche and welden al Rome?

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14691 Ȝe may hit fynde Bit ȝif ȝou self [a1400 Vesp. yee self, a1400 Fairf. ȝe] be ful blynde.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 87 Ȝe muste needis graunte, for..the disturblaunce and dyuerse feelingis had among ȝou silf.

2. In reflexive use = yourself pron. 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 28 Ac wepað ofer eow sylfe, & ofer eower bearn [OE Lindisf. iuih seolfo, OE Rushw. iowih solfe; L. super uos ipsas].

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2595 Als ye wile be with me dere..Helpes me and yu-self baþe.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2269 Lusteþ now alle... Now helpeþ ȝow silue..or ellis ȝe buþ for-done.

?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. vii. f. 5 (MED) Be ȝie nouȝht dronkin with wyn, bute be ȝie fulfilled of þe holi gost, seyende to ȝioself in hympnis and spalmys.

c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 2 Cor. xiii. 5 Assay you self, gif ye ar in the faith; ye yow self preve. Quhethir ye knaw nocht yow self, for Crist Jesu is in you? bot gif in hap ye ar repreuabile.

II. With singular reference.

3. In emphatic use: = yourself pron. 3, yourself pron. 4.

ΚΠ

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 9774 (MED) I take you self, Sir, to witnes.

1768 I. Bickerstaff Padlock i. viii. 12 Urs. What lewd noise is that? Mungo. Lewd you self, no lewd here.

1811 Let. 15 Apr. in H. Roscoe Life William Roscoe (1833) II. 69 You may Try to Come you Self in Callabar to Make all Men pay you what the owe you.

1838 N.Y. Mirror 21 July 32/3 Sixty-tree minits pass ha'f arter twelve; why you no keep a watch you'self?

1856 W. G. Simms Eutaw xxii. 266 I'd be jest as crazy as you'self, Nelly, ef I was to do so.

1891 Harper's Weekly 19 Dec. 1014/1 You no hah compassion 'pon de po' jackass? How you like it you'self?

1968 E. Lovelace Schoolmaster (1979) 169 And is you self that take out you share.

1980 M. Thelwell Harder they Come i. 35 Morning, Maas' Joe. And how is youself?

4. In reflexive use = yourself pron. 6.

ΚΠ

1839 Afr. Repository & Colonial Jrnl. July 197 Help you self, (said he,) I no be Merica man, any ting you see eat em: pose man came my house, I like see him eat plenty.

1857 Olive-branch, or, White Oak Farm vii. 77 Min' now you don' tumble down and hurt you'self.

1894 K. Chopin Bayou Folk 46 ‘I shall certainly defend myself as best I can.’ ‘Defen' yo'se'f, then.’

1901 Ainslee's Mag. Apr. 245/1 You jest barkin' to hear you'self, I guess.

1923 J. S. Heyward Brown Jackets 60 Wah kine of a hat yo' gwine fine dere fer fit ober dem horn you gwine ter fine yo'sef fitted out wid.

1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 241 He luves yuh. Give yo'se'f t' 'Im, son.

1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 130 If Auntie lone was around, she said, ‘Lively up youself, nuh, Mammy. How you doing cagoo so?’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	youself
释义	youselfpron. Brit. /juːˈsɛlf/, /jəˈsɛlf/, U.S. /juˈsɛlf/, /jəˈsɛlf/, Caribbean English /juːˈsɛlf/ Forms: α. Old English eow sylfe (accusative), Old English (accusative)–early Middle English eow selfe, early Middle English eov-sulf, early Middle English eow seolfe, early Middle English ȝou-seolue, early Middle English ouself, early Middle English ou self, early Middle English ou-selue, early Middle English ouseolf, early Middle English ou seolf, early Middle English ou sulf, early Middle English ov-sulf, early Middle English ov sulue, early Middle English owself, early Middle English ow self, early Middle English ow seolf, Middle English ȝioself, Middle English ȝouself, Middle English ȝou-self, Middle English ȝou self, Middle English ȝou-selue, Middle English ȝou selue, Middle English ȝousilf, Middle English ȝou silf, Middle English ȝowself, Middle English ȝow-self, Middle English ȝowselfe, Middle English ȝow-selfe, Middle English ȝow-selue, Middle English ȝow silue, Middle English ȝow-sulf, Middle English yo self, Middle English you self, Middle English you-self, Middle English youselve, Middle English yowself, Middle English yow-self, Middle English yu-self, 1500s yow self (Scottish); regional and nonstandard 1700s (in representations of Caribbean English) 1800s– you self, 1900s– yo self, 1900s– yo'self, 1900s– yousel', 1900s– youself, 1900s– you'self, 1900s– you-self; U.S. regional 1800s– yo'se'f, 1800s– yoself, 1800s– you'self, 1900s– yo'sef, 1900s– yousef. β. Old English eow selfum (dative), Old English eow seolfum (dative), Old English eow sylfum (dative), Old English iow solfum (Northumbrian, dative), Old English iuh seolfum (Northumbrian, dative), Old English ivh seolfvm (Northumbrian, dative), late Old English eow syluum (dative), early Middle English eouseluen, early Middle English eou seolfan, early Middle English eow seluen, early Middle English eow seoluen, early Middle English ȝeu seluen, early Middle English ȝew seluen, early Middle English giu seluen, early Middle English ȝuw sellfenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ou seluen, early Middle English ou selven, early Middle English ou suluen, early Middle English ow seluen, early Middle English owseluen, early Middle English ow seoluen, early Middle English ow-sulfen, Middle English ȝouselfen, Middle English ȝouseluen, Middle English ȝou-silven, Middle English ȝow-seluen. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: you pron., self pron. Etymology: < you pron. + self pron. Compare self pron. 2b, 2c. Compare later yourself pron.Old English ēow selfe (accusative) and ēow selfum (dative) represent inflected forms of gē selfe ( < ye pron. + self pron.; compare examples below). (With Northumbrian forms such as īuih seolfo (accusative), īowih solfe (accusative), īuh seolfum (dative), compare discussion at you pron.) There is also a distinct Old English construction ēow selfe (in apposition to the subjective pronoun gē or after a verb in the imperative), in which selfe is in the nominative in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun ēow representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quot. OE at sense 1, and discussion at thyself pron.). In the paradigm of Old English gē selfe the forms of self pron. are plural and agree in case with the personal pronoun; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like ye selve , you selven , your selve , etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing word-final voiceless fricative (as in modern standard English yourself pron.) reflect substitution of uninflected self (see discussion at self pron., and compare quot. OE¹ and the variant reading in quot. OE² for early examples of such substitution). It is uncertain whether there is continuity between the Middle English and later use. It is possible that later instances may instead reflect reanalysis of reduced forms of yourself pron. The frequent occurrence of forms with an apostrophe, such as you'self , suggests that the word is often at least perceived to be a variant of yourself pron. Compare likewise you'selves (also yoselves ), chiefly U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage), probably showing reduced forms of yourselves pron. Like ye pron., the original subject form ye self is still attested in archaic and regional use, both as an emphatic pronoun (compare quot. 1901) and as a reflexive pronoun (compare quot. 2005). However, some later attestations of yeself probably reflect reduced forms of yourself pron., rather than continuing Old English gē selfe , Middle English ye self (compare forms of your pron.), while others may also show alteration of yourself pron. after ye pron. Compare: OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xi. 46 Ipsi uno digito uestro non tangitis sarcinas : gie seolf [OE Rushw. ge solfa] anum fingre mið iuer ne gehrinað ðæm hondhæfum.OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 28 Ge sylfe [c1200 Hatton ge sylf] me synd to gewitnesse þæt ic sæde, ne eom ic Crist ac ic eom asend beforan hine.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7509 Hældeð ȝe seolf eowre lond.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6786 To cumlinges do yee right na suike, For quilum war yee seluen slike.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. xvi. l. 122 Thanne are ye cherles..And Sathan youre Saueour: yeself [c1400 Laud ȝow-selue] now ye witnessen.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. ii. 5 And ȝe silf as quyk stoonys be ȝe aboue bildid in to spiritual housis.?a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Bodl. Th d.36) (1976) i. 74 If alle men weren as riche as ȝesilff ben, ȝe schulden fare mych þe wors.1832 N.Y. Mirror 14 July 13/1 Ye may mony and mony times think yeself surrounded wi' happiness, when misery..is gnashin' at your hough.1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 108 ‘No worse than yeself,’ retorted Bailey.1901 L. Housman Mod. Antaeus 259 You done it ye'self; you run ye'self and me slam into 'im, as 'e was comin'along.2005 S. Elmes Talking for Brit. xii. 317 When they're annoyed, they're ‘Scunnered—you're scunnered wi' yeself—ragin'’. Now chiefly U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage) and Caribbean. †I. With plural reference. 1. In emphatic use: = yourself pron. 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. viii. 67 Nellað geþencan hu lað eow selfum wæs to gelæstanne eowre aþas þæm þe ofer eow anwald hæfdon. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 410 Beoð eow sylfe nu gearwe to gewendenne to Criste. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17952 Ȝe ȝuw sellfenn berenn me God wittness þatt i seȝȝde Till ȝuw, þatt i ne wass nohht crist. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 164 (MED) Ower read..forreadeð ow seolf. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2894 Wenden ȝe..to fellen uren leoden & beon eow seluen riche and welden al Rome? a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14691 Ȝe may hit fynde Bit ȝif ȝou self [a1400 Vesp. yee self, a1400 Fairf. ȝe] be ful blynde. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 87 Ȝe muste needis graunte, for..the disturblaunce and dyuerse feelingis had among ȝou silf. 2. In reflexive use = yourself pron. 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 28 Ac wepað ofer eow sylfe, & ofer eower bearn [OE Lindisf. iuih seolfo, OE Rushw. iowih solfe; L. super uos ipsas]. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2595 Als ye wile be with me dere..Helpes me and yu-self baþe. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2269 Lusteþ now alle... Now helpeþ ȝow silue..or ellis ȝe buþ for-done. ?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. vii. f. 5 (MED) Be ȝie nouȝht dronkin with wyn, bute be ȝie fulfilled of þe holi gost, seyende to ȝioself in hympnis and spalmys. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 2 Cor. xiii. 5 Assay you self, gif ye ar in the faith; ye yow self preve. Quhethir ye knaw nocht yow self, for Crist Jesu is in you? bot gif in hap ye ar repreuabile. II. With singular reference. 3. In emphatic use: = yourself pron. 3, yourself pron. 4. ΚΠ a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 9774 (MED) I take you self, Sir, to witnes. 1768 I. Bickerstaff Padlock i. viii. 12 Urs. What lewd noise is that? Mungo. Lewd you self, no lewd here. 1811 Let. 15 Apr. in H. Roscoe Life William Roscoe (1833) II. 69 You may Try to Come you Self in Callabar to Make all Men pay you what the owe you. 1838 N.Y. Mirror 21 July 32/3 Sixty-tree minits pass ha'f arter twelve; why you no keep a watch you'self? 1856 W. G. Simms Eutaw xxii. 266 I'd be jest as crazy as you'self, Nelly, ef I was to do so. 1891 Harper's Weekly 19 Dec. 1014/1 You no hah compassion 'pon de po' jackass? How you like it you'self? 1968 E. Lovelace Schoolmaster (1979) 169 And is you self that take out you share. 1980 M. Thelwell Harder they Come i. 35 Morning, Maas' Joe. And how is youself? 4. In reflexive use = yourself pron. 6. ΚΠ 1839 Afr. Repository & Colonial Jrnl. July 197 Help you self, (said he,) I no be Merica man, any ting you see eat em: pose man came my house, I like see him eat plenty. 1857 Olive-branch, or, White Oak Farm vii. 77 Min' now you don' tumble down and hurt you'self. 1894 K. Chopin Bayou Folk 46 ‘I shall certainly defend myself as best I can.’ ‘Defen' yo'se'f, then.’ 1901 Ainslee's Mag. Apr. 245/1 You jest barkin' to hear you'self, I guess. 1923 J. S. Heyward Brown Jackets 60 Wah kine of a hat yo' gwine fine dere fer fit ober dem horn you gwine ter fine yo'sef fitted out wid. 1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 241 He luves yuh. Give yo'se'f t' 'Im, son. 1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 130 If Auntie lone was around, she said, ‘Lively up youself, nuh, Mammy. How you doing cagoo so?’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < pron.eOE
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