Caesarn.¹

Brit.

/ˈsiːzə/, U.S.

/ˈsizər/

Forms: Also Middle English–1700s Cesar.

Etymology: < Latin Caesar, a proper name. This is generally held to be the earliest Latin word adopted in Germanic, where it gave Gothic kaisar (compare Greek καῖσαρ ), Old Saxon kêsar , -er , Old Frisian kaiser , keiser , Old High German keisar , -er , Old English câsere , Old Norse keisari . But the Old English form of the word (which would have given in modern English coser —compare pope ) was lost in the Middle English period. It was replaced in Middle English by keiser , cayser , kaiser , < Norse and continental Germanic, which has in its turn become obsolete, except as an alien term for the German emperor, and been replaced by the Latin or French form. See kaser n., Kaiser n. Another form of the word is the Russian Tsar or czar n.

a. The cognomen of the Roman dictator Caius Julius Cæsar, transferred as a title to the emperors from Augustus down to Hadrian ( b.c. 30 to a.d. 138), and subsequently used as a title of the heir-presumptive of the emperor. In modern use often applied to all the emperors down to the fall of Constantinople.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman

kaserc888

Kaiserc1175

Caesarc1384

imperator1590

princeps1614

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 15 We han no kyng no but Cesar [a1425 L.V. We han no king but the emperour].

1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 150 Amongst the Romaines vntill the time of their Cæsars, it was a common vse.

1776–88 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1875) xiii. 144 After the adoption of the two Cæsars, the emperors devolved on their adopted sons the defence of the Danube and of the Rhine.

1776–88 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1875) lxviii. 1238 Mahomed the second performed the namaz of prayer and thanksgiving on the great altar, where the christian mysteries had so lately been celebrated before the last of the Cæsars.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ii. 337 Cæsars and Soldans, Emperors and Kings.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xii. 91 Before whom Cæsars as well as Pontiffs were to quail.

b. Caesar's wife n. in various uses with allusion to Plutarch Cæsar x. 6 (‘I thought my wife ought not even to be under suspicion’).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > absence of moral flaw > [noun] > quality of being above suspicion > person

Caesar's wife1580

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 55 All women shall be as Cæsar would haue his wife, not onely free from sinne, but from suspition.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. xvii. 108 The wife of Cæsar must not be suspected!

1866 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 187 Caesar's wife ought to be above suspicion.

1878 A. Trollope Is he Popenjoy? II. xi. 161 But Cæsar said that Cæsar's wife should be above suspicion, and in that matter every man is a Cæsar to himself.

1878 A. Trollope Is he Popenjoy? II. xiii. 182 Then there was that feeling of Cæsar's wife strong within his bosom.

1930 D. L. Sayers Strong Poison xxi. 270 You've got a family and traditions, you know. Cæsar's wife and that sort of thing.

c. The emperor of the ‘Holy Roman Empire’; the German Kaiser n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > of western or Holy Roman Empire

emperorc1325

Kaisera1425

King (also Emperor) of the Romansc1450

Roman Emperor1567

Caesar1673

Holy Roman Emperor1784

Western emperor1790

1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 363 The very year before that Confession was presented to Cæsar, there was a Colloquy betwixt the Lutherans and Zuinglians.

1704 Addr. Taworth in London Gaz. No. 4066/5 This..has rescued Germany from a Rebellious Incendiary; kept its Cæsar safe.

†d. A baby delivered by Cæsarean section. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > baby or infant > [noun] > caesarian baby

Caesar1540

Caesar baby1975

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. ix. f. liii They that are borne after this fashion be called cesares, for because they be cut out of theyr mothers belly, whervpon also the noble Romane cesar the .j. of that name in Rome toke his name.

e. (A case of) Cæsarean section. Medicine slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations

Caesarean birth1661

hysterotomy1707

embryotomy1765

embryoctony1788

omphalotomy1828

cephalotomy1836

synchondrotomy1842

symphysiotomy1846

pelviotomy1847

version1853

gastro-hysterotomy1854

craniotomy1855

cranioclasm1860

pubiotomy1865

cephalotripsy1876

episiotomy1878

cleidotomy1901

Caesarean1923

Caesar1952

C-section1960

section1960

vacuum extraction1961

1952 ‘R. Gordon’ Doctor in House ix. 97 ‘How many babies have you had?’.. ‘Forty-nine. That includes a couple of Cæsars.’

1956 ‘J. Bell’ Death in Retirement iii. 33 ‘I had to do a Caesar,’ answered Dr. Clayton.

1963 Economist 20 Apr. 239/1 That ‘caesar’ in the maternity ward.

1964 Guardian 8 Feb. 8/5 One Roman Catholic doctor..will awaken this convenient custodian of his conscience with the words: ‘I'm doing a fourth Caesar.’

a. figurative or transferred. An absolute monarch, an autocrat, emperor.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun]

tyrantc1330

dictatora1593

Caesar1595

absolute monarch1596

imperator1598

voluntar1650

Mogul1653

sultanist1659

sultan1662

Grand Monarque1699

autocrator1718

despot1755

autocrat1762

sultanship1823

monocrat1848

autarch1865

autarkist1938

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. i. 18 No bending knee will call thee Cæsar now.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) iv. iv. 273 + 49 She shalbe sole Victoresse, Cæsars Cæsar.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 3 Lead thine own captivity captive, and be Cæsar within thy self.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 The servile Rout their careful Cæsar praise.

1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 34 An Emperor will always be called Cæsar, and a dog ‘poor old fellow’.

b. contextually, The temporal monarch as the object of his subjects' obedience (sometimes contrasted with the obedience due to God); the civil power. In allusion to Matthew xxii. 21.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun]

statea1538

governmenta1544

Gov.1587

Caesar1601

secularity1630

administration1649

govt.1705

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 21 Agyfað þam Casere þa þing þe þæs Casyres synt.

c1160 Hatton G. Matt. xxii. 21 Caysere—Cayseres.

1382 J. Wyclif Matt. xxii. 21 Ȝelde ȝee to Cesar the thingis that ben Cesaris, and to God the thingis that ben of God.

1388 J. Wyclif Matt. xxii. 21 Ȝelde ȝe to the emperoure the thingis that ben the emperouris.]

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 27 The things due from subjects to their Caesar.

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. sig. Bb^v Caesar (by which Word I understand the Civil Government) engrosseth hath All.

1714 J. Fortescue-Aland Ded. in Fortescue's Governance of Eng. 8 Impartially decides the rights of Caesar and his subject.

c. to appeal (un)to Caesar (with allusion to Acts xxv. 11): to appeal to the highest authority.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to or upon an authority

to call on ——a1300

appeal1393

provoke1666

to appeal (un)to Caesar1855

1855 Wesleyan Methodist Mag. Apr. 305 The conduct of unreasonable..men made it right, as in St. Paul's case, for him sometimes to appeal unto Cæsar.

a1893 T. B. Reed Dog with Bad Name (1894) xv. 156 ‘Can't she come, Father?’ said Percy, adroitly appealing to Cæsar.

1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 27 ‘I appeal to the Head, sir.’.. ‘Thou hast appealed unto Caesar: unto Caesar shalt thou go.’

1903 J. Chamberlain in Westm. Gaz. 22 Oct. 5/1 If this policy..were not accepted as the policy of the Government..I should feel it my duty to appeal to Cæsar.

1926 P. Guedalla Palmerston ii. ii. 70 In a formal reference to the Prince Regent the indignant soldier appealed to Caesar.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, e.g. Caesar-like, Caesar-worship.

ΚΠ

1599 R. Hakluyt tr. Sinan Pasha Let. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 295 The most mightie Cesarlike maiestie of the Grand Signor.

1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. c5^v Matchless Buckingham most Cæsar-like Glorious.

1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome xii. 624 Between Christianity and Cæsar-worship there could be no compromise.

C2.

Caesar baby n. a baby delivered by Cæsarean section.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > baby or infant > [noun] > caesarian baby

Caesar1540

Caesar baby1975

1975 H. Jolly Bk. Child Care iii. 53 The Caesar Baby. The decision that delivery must be by Caesarean section is taken by the obstetrician.

1980 F. Weldon Puffball 246 ‘Lovely little baby’, said the nurse. ‘Of course Caesar babies usually are. They don't get so squashed.’

Draft additions July 2002

B. adj.

Cryptography. Designating or relating to a type of cipher in which each letter of the original text is replaced by the letter that is a given number of places away in the alphabet. Usually attributive, esp. in Caesar cipher.So named because this type of cipher is thought to have been used for communication between Julius Caesar and his military leaders during the Gallic Wars (58–50 b.c.).

ΚΠ

1950 Collier's 28 Oct. 46/3 In the Caesar Cipher each letter of the clear text was shifted four places farther along in the Latin alphabet.

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Caesar substitution, also caesar shift, the replacement of each letter in a text by the one at a certain constant distance in the alphabet, esp. a normal alphabet.

1977 Sci. Amer. Aug. 120/2 We spin the arrow and it stops on K. This tells us to use for encoding T a Caesar cipher in which the lower alphabet is shifted 10 steps to the right, bringing A below K... T, therefore, is encoded as J.

1982 H. Beker & F. Piper Cipher Syst. 16 One of the earliest examples of a monoalphabetic cipher was the Caesar cipher used by Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars.

1999 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 14 Nov. e4 The Caesar cipher is based on a cipher alphabet that is shifted three spaces from the plain text ABCs.

Draft additions July 2002

A. n.

Hairdressing. A style in which the hair is typically cut short and the fringe worn brushed down on to the forehead. Frequently attributive in Caesar cut, Caesar haircut.

ΚΠ

1957 N.Y. Times Mag. 2 June 26 Another hair style coming up fast is the Caesar.., a swirl job worn by young and old attempting to cover bare patches.

1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 189 Caesar cut, also called ‘Roman cut’, popular in the 1950s and 1960s, the hair had a short fringe, sometimes lightly brushed to one side or forward and was short all round.

1986 New Yorker 12 May 30/2 ‘That's a serious haircut,’ said a young man. ‘A serious Caesar.’

1999 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 201/1 A new (yet dubious) Caesar haircut.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Caesarn.²

Brit.

/ˈsiːzə/, U.S.

/ˈsizər/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Caesar.

Etymology: Probably < the name of Caesar Cardini (1896–1956), Italian-born restaurateur in Tijuana, Mexico, who is said to have devised the salad in 1924.

I. Compounds.

1. attributive. Designating a salad typically consisting of cos lettuce, garlic, croutons, and anchovies, dressed with olive oil, lemon juice, raw or coddled egg, and parmesan cheese; esp. in Caesar salad. Also (occasionally): designating this dressing used separately.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > salad

saladc1390

round salad1578

acetar1623

acetary1657

green salad1675

sass1775

potato salad1796

Russian salad1846

egg salad1873

sunomono1900

salade niçoise1907

Spanish salad1911

Waldorf salad1911

gado-gado1924

Spanish sauce1928

panzanella1937

side salad1940

Caesar salad1946

Cobb salad1947

wedge salad1949

chaat1954

fattoush1955

tabbouleh1955

pico de gallo1958

Caesar1978

caprese1978

1946 News-Herald (Franklin, Pa.) 2 Aug. 4/7 The big food rage in Hollywood—the Caesar salad—..an intricate concoction that takes ages to prepare and contains (zowie!) lots of garlic, raw or slightly coddled eggs, croutons, romaine, anchovies, parmeasan cheese, olive oil, vinegar and plenty of black pepper.

1947 Gourmet Apr. 78/3 If it is possible, could you please tell me where I might locate the recipe for Caesar salad?

1950 L. P. De Gouy Salad Bk. vii. 275 (heading) Caesar Salad... Here is a new taste sensation from California.

1978 J. Hyams Pool xi. 172 David asked his secretary to have two caesar salads sent to his office.

1993 Canad. Living (Toronto) July 43 Indulge in a truly garlicky Caesar version with all the bells and whistles.

2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 81 Try a Caesar dressing..with a mix of fresh, raw garlic for bite, and roasted for background, and you'll see what I mean.

II. Simple uses.

2. A Caesar salad or salad dressing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > salad

saladc1390

round salad1578

acetar1623

acetary1657

green salad1675

sass1775

potato salad1796

Russian salad1846

egg salad1873

sunomono1900

salade niçoise1907

Spanish salad1911

Waldorf salad1911

gado-gado1924

Spanish sauce1928

panzanella1937

side salad1940

Caesar salad1946

Cobb salad1947

wedge salad1949

chaat1954

fattoush1955

tabbouleh1955

pico de gallo1958

Caesar1978

caprese1978

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > salad dressing > other salad dressings

remoulade1733

French dressing1874

vinaigrette1880

Russian dressing1900

Roquefort dressing1910

Roquefort cheese dressing1911

Roquefort salad dressing1911

thousand island1916

green goddess1933

Roquefort1949

rouille1951

thousand isle1962

Caesar1978

1978 Chicago June 219/1 Complete dinner is a good value: appetizer, soup, fettucini, salad (try the caesar, beautifully prepared and seasoned).

1988 You/Verve (Toronto) Summer 54/3 It's always on the menu and runs second to the Caesar in popularity.

2000 N.Y. Mag. 24 July 57/1 A garlicky Caesar with just the right twang of invisible anchovy and a Parmesan-crusted ‘twizzle’ is the perfect palate-cleanser.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	caesar
释义	Caesarn.¹ Brit. /ˈsiːzə/, U.S. /ˈsizər/ Forms: Also Middle English–1700s Cesar. Etymology: < Latin Caesar, a proper name. This is generally held to be the earliest Latin word adopted in Germanic, where it gave Gothic kaisar (compare Greek καῖσαρ ), Old Saxon kêsar , -er , Old Frisian kaiser , keiser , Old High German keisar , -er , Old English câsere , Old Norse keisari . But the Old English form of the word (which would have given in modern English coser —compare pope ) was lost in the Middle English period. It was replaced in Middle English by keiser , cayser , kaiser , < Norse and continental Germanic, which has in its turn become obsolete, except as an alien term for the German emperor, and been replaced by the Latin or French form. See kaser n., Kaiser n. Another form of the word is the Russian Tsar or czar n. 1. a. The cognomen of the Roman dictator Caius Julius Cæsar, transferred as a title to the emperors from Augustus down to Hadrian ( b.c. 30 to a.d. 138), and subsequently used as a title of the heir-presumptive of the emperor. In modern use often applied to all the emperors down to the fall of Constantinople. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman kaserc888 Kaiserc1175 Caesarc1384 imperator1590 princeps1614 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 15 We han no kyng no but Cesar [a1425 L.V. We han no king but the emperour]. 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 150 Amongst the Romaines vntill the time of their Cæsars, it was a common vse. 1776–88 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1875) xiii. 144 After the adoption of the two Cæsars, the emperors devolved on their adopted sons the defence of the Danube and of the Rhine. 1776–88 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1875) lxviii. 1238 Mahomed the second performed the namaz of prayer and thanksgiving on the great altar, where the christian mysteries had so lately been celebrated before the last of the Cæsars. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ii. 337 Cæsars and Soldans, Emperors and Kings. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xii. 91 Before whom Cæsars as well as Pontiffs were to quail. b. Caesar's wife n. in various uses with allusion to Plutarch Cæsar x. 6 (‘I thought my wife ought not even to be under suspicion’). ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > absence of moral flaw > [noun] > quality of being above suspicion > person Caesar's wife1580 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 55 All women shall be as Cæsar would haue his wife, not onely free from sinne, but from suspition. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. xvii. 108 The wife of Cæsar must not be suspected! 1866 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 187 Caesar's wife ought to be above suspicion. 1878 A. Trollope Is he Popenjoy? II. xi. 161 But Cæsar said that Cæsar's wife should be above suspicion, and in that matter every man is a Cæsar to himself. 1878 A. Trollope Is he Popenjoy? II. xiii. 182 Then there was that feeling of Cæsar's wife strong within his bosom. 1930 D. L. Sayers Strong Poison xxi. 270 You've got a family and traditions, you know. Cæsar's wife and that sort of thing. c. The emperor of the ‘Holy Roman Empire’; the German Kaiser n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > of western or Holy Roman Empire emperorc1325 Kaisera1425 King (also Emperor) of the Romansc1450 Roman Emperor1567 Caesar1673 Holy Roman Emperor1784 Western emperor1790 1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 363 The very year before that Confession was presented to Cæsar, there was a Colloquy betwixt the Lutherans and Zuinglians. 1704 Addr. Taworth in London Gaz. No. 4066/5 This..has rescued Germany from a Rebellious Incendiary; kept its Cæsar safe. †d. A baby delivered by Cæsarean section. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > baby or infant > [noun] > caesarian baby Caesar1540 Caesar baby1975 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. ix. f. liii They that are borne after this fashion be called cesares, for because they be cut out of theyr mothers belly, whervpon also the noble Romane cesar the .j. of that name in Rome toke his name. e. (A case of) Cæsarean section. Medicine slang. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations Caesarean birth1661 hysterotomy1707 embryotomy1765 embryoctony1788 omphalotomy1828 cephalotomy1836 synchondrotomy1842 symphysiotomy1846 pelviotomy1847 version1853 gastro-hysterotomy1854 craniotomy1855 cranioclasm1860 pubiotomy1865 cephalotripsy1876 episiotomy1878 cleidotomy1901 Caesarean1923 Caesar1952 C-section1960 section1960 vacuum extraction1961 1952 ‘R. Gordon’ Doctor in House ix. 97 ‘How many babies have you had?’.. ‘Forty-nine. That includes a couple of Cæsars.’ 1956 ‘J. Bell’ Death in Retirement iii. 33 ‘I had to do a Caesar,’ answered Dr. Clayton. 1963 Economist 20 Apr. 239/1 That ‘caesar’ in the maternity ward. 1964 Guardian 8 Feb. 8/5 One Roman Catholic doctor..will awaken this convenient custodian of his conscience with the words: ‘I'm doing a fourth Caesar.’ 2. a. figurative or transferred. An absolute monarch, an autocrat, emperor. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] tyrantc1330 dictatora1593 Caesar1595 absolute monarch1596 imperator1598 voluntar1650 Mogul1653 sultanist1659 sultan1662 Grand Monarque1699 autocrator1718 despot1755 autocrat1762 sultanship1823 monocrat1848 autarch1865 autarkist1938 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. i. 18 No bending knee will call thee Cæsar now. a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) iv. iv. 273 + 49 She shalbe sole Victoresse, Cæsars Cæsar. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 3 Lead thine own captivity captive, and be Cæsar within thy self. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 The servile Rout their careful Cæsar praise. View more context for this quotation 1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 34 An Emperor will always be called Cæsar, and a dog ‘poor old fellow’. b. contextually, The temporal monarch as the object of his subjects' obedience (sometimes contrasted with the obedience due to God); the civil power. In allusion to Matthew xxii. 21. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] statea1538 governmenta1544 Gov.1587 Caesar1601 secularity1630 administration1649 govt.1705 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 21 Agyfað þam Casere þa þing þe þæs Casyres synt. c1160 Hatton G. Matt. xxii. 21 Caysere—Cayseres. 1382 J. Wyclif Matt. xxii. 21 Ȝelde ȝee to Cesar the thingis that ben Cesaris, and to God the thingis that ben of God. 1388 J. Wyclif Matt. xxii. 21 Ȝelde ȝe to the emperoure the thingis that ben the emperouris.] 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 27 The things due from subjects to their Caesar. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. sig. Bb^v Caesar (by which Word I understand the Civil Government) engrosseth hath All. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland Ded. in Fortescue's Governance of Eng. 8 Impartially decides the rights of Caesar and his subject. c. to appeal (un)to Caesar (with allusion to Acts xxv. 11): to appeal to the highest authority. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to or upon an authority to call on ——a1300 appeal1393 provoke1666 to appeal (un)to Caesar1855 1855 Wesleyan Methodist Mag. Apr. 305 The conduct of unreasonable..men made it right, as in St. Paul's case, for him sometimes to appeal unto Cæsar. a1893 T. B. Reed Dog with Bad Name (1894) xv. 156 ‘Can't she come, Father?’ said Percy, adroitly appealing to Cæsar. 1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 27 ‘I appeal to the Head, sir.’.. ‘Thou hast appealed unto Caesar: unto Caesar shalt thou go.’ 1903 J. Chamberlain in Westm. Gaz. 22 Oct. 5/1 If this policy..were not accepted as the policy of the Government..I should feel it my duty to appeal to Cæsar. 1926 P. Guedalla Palmerston ii. ii. 70 In a formal reference to the Prince Regent the indignant soldier appealed to Caesar. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, e.g. Caesar-like, Caesar-worship. ΚΠ 1599 R. Hakluyt tr. Sinan Pasha Let. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 295 The most mightie Cesarlike maiestie of the Grand Signor. 1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. c5^v Matchless Buckingham most Cæsar-like Glorious. 1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome xii. 624 Between Christianity and Cæsar-worship there could be no compromise. C2. Caesar baby n. a baby delivered by Cæsarean section. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > baby or infant > [noun] > caesarian baby Caesar1540 Caesar baby1975 1975 H. Jolly Bk. Child Care iii. 53 The Caesar Baby. The decision that delivery must be by Caesarean section is taken by the obstetrician. 1980 F. Weldon Puffball 246 ‘Lovely little baby’, said the nurse. ‘Of course Caesar babies usually are. They don't get so squashed.’ Draft additions July 2002 B. adj. Cryptography. Designating or relating to a type of cipher in which each letter of the original text is replaced by the letter that is a given number of places away in the alphabet. Usually attributive, esp. in Caesar cipher.So named because this type of cipher is thought to have been used for communication between Julius Caesar and his military leaders during the Gallic Wars (58–50 b.c.). ΚΠ 1950 Collier's 28 Oct. 46/3 In the Caesar Cipher each letter of the clear text was shifted four places farther along in the Latin alphabet. 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Caesar substitution, also caesar shift, the replacement of each letter in a text by the one at a certain constant distance in the alphabet, esp. a normal alphabet. 1977 Sci. Amer. Aug. 120/2 We spin the arrow and it stops on K. This tells us to use for encoding T a Caesar cipher in which the lower alphabet is shifted 10 steps to the right, bringing A below K... T, therefore, is encoded as J. 1982 H. Beker & F. Piper Cipher Syst. 16 One of the earliest examples of a monoalphabetic cipher was the Caesar cipher used by Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars. 1999 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 14 Nov. e4 The Caesar cipher is based on a cipher alphabet that is shifted three spaces from the plain text ABCs. Draft additions July 2002 A. n. Hairdressing. A style in which the hair is typically cut short and the fringe worn brushed down on to the forehead. Frequently attributive in Caesar cut, Caesar haircut. ΚΠ 1957 N.Y. Times Mag. 2 June 26 Another hair style coming up fast is the Caesar.., a swirl job worn by young and old attempting to cover bare patches. 1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 189 Caesar cut, also called ‘Roman cut’, popular in the 1950s and 1960s, the hair had a short fringe, sometimes lightly brushed to one side or forward and was short all round. 1986 New Yorker 12 May 30/2 ‘That's a serious haircut,’ said a young man. ‘A serious Caesar.’ 1999 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 201/1 A new (yet dubious) Caesar haircut. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Caesarn.² Brit. /ˈsiːzə/, U.S. /ˈsizər/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Caesar. Etymology: Probably < the name of Caesar Cardini (1896–1956), Italian-born restaurateur in Tijuana, Mexico, who is said to have devised the salad in 1924. I. Compounds. 1. attributive. Designating a salad typically consisting of cos lettuce, garlic, croutons, and anchovies, dressed with olive oil, lemon juice, raw or coddled egg, and parmesan cheese; esp. in Caesar salad. Also (occasionally): designating this dressing used separately. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > salad saladc1390 round salad1578 acetar1623 acetary1657 green salad1675 sass1775 potato salad1796 Russian salad1846 egg salad1873 sunomono1900 salade niçoise1907 Spanish salad1911 Waldorf salad1911 gado-gado1924 Spanish sauce1928 panzanella1937 side salad1940 Caesar salad1946 Cobb salad1947 wedge salad1949 chaat1954 fattoush1955 tabbouleh1955 pico de gallo1958 Caesar1978 caprese1978 1946 News-Herald (Franklin, Pa.) 2 Aug. 4/7 The big food rage in Hollywood—the Caesar salad—..an intricate concoction that takes ages to prepare and contains (zowie!) lots of garlic, raw or slightly coddled eggs, croutons, romaine, anchovies, parmeasan cheese, olive oil, vinegar and plenty of black pepper. 1947 Gourmet Apr. 78/3 If it is possible, could you please tell me where I might locate the recipe for Caesar salad? 1950 L. P. De Gouy Salad Bk. vii. 275 (heading) Caesar Salad... Here is a new taste sensation from California. 1978 J. Hyams Pool xi. 172 David asked his secretary to have two caesar salads sent to his office. 1993 Canad. Living (Toronto) July 43 Indulge in a truly garlicky Caesar version with all the bells and whistles. 2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 81 Try a Caesar dressing..with a mix of fresh, raw garlic for bite, and roasted for background, and you'll see what I mean. II. Simple uses. 2. A Caesar salad or salad dressing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > salad saladc1390 round salad1578 acetar1623 acetary1657 green salad1675 sass1775 potato salad1796 Russian salad1846 egg salad1873 sunomono1900 salade niçoise1907 Spanish salad1911 Waldorf salad1911 gado-gado1924 Spanish sauce1928 panzanella1937 side salad1940 Caesar salad1946 Cobb salad1947 wedge salad1949 chaat1954 fattoush1955 tabbouleh1955 pico de gallo1958 Caesar1978 caprese1978 the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > salad dressing > other salad dressings remoulade1733 French dressing1874 vinaigrette1880 Russian dressing1900 Roquefort dressing1910 Roquefort cheese dressing1911 Roquefort salad dressing1911 thousand island1916 green goddess1933 Roquefort1949 rouille1951 thousand isle1962 Caesar1978 1978 Chicago June 219/1 Complete dinner is a good value: appetizer, soup, fettucini, salad (try the caesar, beautifully prepared and seasoned). 1988 You/Verve (Toronto) Summer 54/3 It's always on the menu and runs second to the Caesar in popularity. 2000 N.Y. Mag. 24 July 57/1 A garlicky Caesar with just the right twang of invisible anchovy and a Parmesan-crusted ‘twizzle’ is the perfect palate-cleanser. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Caesarv. Etymology: < Caesar n.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈCaesar. transitive. To make into or like Cæsar, to call or style Cæsar. ΚΠ 1616 T. Adams Dis. Soule 43 Crowned, he vilifies his owne kingdome for narrow bounds, whiles he hath greater neighbours; he must be Cæsar'd to an vniuersal Monarch. 1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) xliv. 233 After having Cæsar'd and Scipio'd him secundum artem. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.¹c1384n.²1946v.1616
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Caesarn.1

Compounds

Draft additions July 2002

Draft additions July 2002

Caesarn.2

Caesarv.

Caesarn.¹

Caesarn.²