yoghn.

Brit.

/jɒɡ/,

/jəʊɡ/,

/jɒx/, U.S.

/joʊɡ/

Forms: early Middle English yoȝ, Middle English ȝoch, Middle English ȝoche, Middle English ȝogh, Middle English ȝoghe, Middle English ȝok, Middle English ȝouȝ, Middle English ȝouh, Middle English ȝoux, Middle English ȝow, Middle English ȝowȝe, Middle English yough, Middle English youx, Middle English yowh, Middle English 1900s– yogh, 1900s ȝoȝ.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.Perhaps a letter name created in order to contain two of its phonetic realizations, initial /j/ and final /x/. Compare the discussion in Mod. Lang. Review 6 (1911) 441–54, which shows that the original form of the name was of the type yoȝ , *ȝoȝ , rather than ȝok (as had been previously suggested); it further suggests that it may ultimately reflect Old English ēoh , the name of a rune (in origin a specific use of a variant of īw yew n.). A response in Mod. Lang. Review 7 (1912) 520–1 casts doubt on this etymology on phonological and historical grounds, and suggests that the letter name shows a shortening of an unattested variant of youth n. (compare early Middle English ȝeoȝoþe , Old English geoguþ ). The use of classical Latin iugum ‘yoke’ as a translation of the letter name in the following late example may show a secondary association with the English noun ȝok , variant of yoke n.:?a1440 T. Elmham in Memorials Henry V (1858) 105 Præposita litera Anglica, scilicet ȝ quæ ‘jugum’ sonat. Most of the forms of this letter name come from manuscript variants of a single passage in Mandeville's Travels (see quot. ?a1425). This is a translation of a text originally written in Middle French in the mid 14th cent.; French manuscripts of the text give the forms ȝogh and ȝok for the letter name, which are paralleled in the surviving English versions, and the form iogh , which is not. Compare also the following isolated example, which may show an early alternative name ye for this letter (compare early Middle English ge , name of the letter g : see G n.):a1250 MS Maidstone A.13 in O. Arngart Prov. Alfred (1955) 26 Þorn: þ..ye: ȝ [a1275 Trin. Cambr. iye: ȝ..iyorn: þ]. The vowel of the modern pronunciation is either a spelling pronunciation or a learned pronunciation based on early Middle English; the attested later Middle English forms suggest that the regular phonological development would have been similar to that of bough n.

(The name of) the letter ȝ commonly used in Middle English to represent the palatal semivowel /j/, the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, or the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.The letter ȝ developed from a form of g in Anglo-Saxon manuscript writing (ᵹ) and became distinguished from the continental form of the letter (the ancestor of modern lower-case g) in the early Middle English period (see discussion at G n.); in later manuscript writing, its form was usually indistinguishable from that of z (which only became widespread in Britain in the 14th cent.: see Z n.); compare quot. c1425 and also quot. a1425 at zed n. 1 (a rare variant of the text cited in quot. ?a1425 here). See further discussion at G n. and also at Y n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > others

Bc1000

Dc1000

ellc1000

Fc1000

Sc1000

yogha1300

Pa1398

ess1540

tee1610

alif1727

cue1755

em1793

en1793

dee1795

double U1841

edh1846

wye1857

vee1883

gee1926

nut1940

kay1959

at sign1977

a1300 in M. R. James Descriptive Catal. McClean Coll. MSS (1912) 266 Yoȝ. ȝ [examples] ȝef. ȝus. ȝer. ȝender. draȝ. sclaȝ. arȝ. marȝ.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 92 (MED) Wee in Englond haue in oure langage & speche ii lettres mo þan þei haue in hire ABC & þat is þ & ȝ, the whiche ben clept þorn & ȝogh [v.rr. ȝoch, ȝoche, ȝoghe, ȝouh, yowh, yough, ȝouȝ, ȝowȝe, ȝow, ȝoux, youx].

c1425 MS Royal 17 B.i f. 14^v, in Mod. Lang. Rev. (1911) 6 442 Þe carect yogh, þat is to seie .ȝ., is figurid lijk a zed.

1921 K. Sisam 14th Cent. Verse & Prose 275 Ȝ: called 'ȝoȝ' or 'yogh', derives from..the OE. script form of the letter g.

1930 S. Tannenbaum Handwriting of Renaissance 87 About half a century later some scribes discarded the use of the yogh altogether.

1939 Amer. Speech 14 298 She has, for example, made clear the difference between yogh and gee, a distinction ever to be maintained in dealing with those backish consonants.

1964 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 63 764 It will still appear to many that the only reasonable way to present a text is in the spelling..of the best manuscript; the risks of meddling, even sacrificing thorn and yogh, are too great.

1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 1/1 Scholars have debated such simple, but still to many software manufacturers insurmountable, topics as how to get a yogh in standard word processors.

2013 S. Horobin Does Spelling Matter? iv. 106 The poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.., written by a contemporary of Chaucer's, is edited with its letters thorn and yogh left intact.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	yogh
释义	yoghn. Brit. /jɒɡ/, /jəʊɡ/, /jɒx/, U.S. /joʊɡ/ Forms: early Middle English yoȝ, Middle English ȝoch, Middle English ȝoche, Middle English ȝogh, Middle English ȝoghe, Middle English ȝok, Middle English ȝouȝ, Middle English ȝouh, Middle English ȝoux, Middle English ȝow, Middle English ȝowȝe, Middle English yough, Middle English youx, Middle English yowh, Middle English 1900s– yogh, 1900s ȝoȝ. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.Perhaps a letter name created in order to contain two of its phonetic realizations, initial /j/ and final /x/. Compare the discussion in Mod. Lang. Review 6 (1911) 441–54, which shows that the original form of the name was of the type yoȝ , ȝoȝ , rather than ȝok* (as had been previously suggested); it further suggests that it may ultimately reflect Old English ēoh , the name of a rune (in origin a specific use of a variant of īw yew n.). A response in Mod. Lang. Review 7 (1912) 520–1 casts doubt on this etymology on phonological and historical grounds, and suggests that the letter name shows a shortening of an unattested variant of youth n. (compare early Middle English ȝeoȝoþe , Old English geoguþ ). The use of classical Latin iugum ‘yoke’ as a translation of the letter name in the following late example may show a secondary association with the English noun ȝok , variant of yoke n.:?a1440 T. Elmham in Memorials Henry V (1858) 105 Præposita litera Anglica, scilicet ȝ quæ ‘jugum’ sonat. Most of the forms of this letter name come from manuscript variants of a single passage in Mandeville's Travels (see quot. ?a1425). This is a translation of a text originally written in Middle French in the mid 14th cent.; French manuscripts of the text give the forms ȝogh and ȝok for the letter name, which are paralleled in the surviving English versions, and the form iogh , which is not. Compare also the following isolated example, which may show an early alternative name ye for this letter (compare early Middle English ge , name of the letter g : see G n.):a1250 MS Maidstone A.13 in O. Arngart Prov. Alfred (1955) 26 Þorn: þ..ye: ȝ [a1275 Trin. Cambr. iye: ȝ..iyorn: þ]. The vowel of the modern pronunciation is either a spelling pronunciation or a learned pronunciation based on early Middle English; the attested later Middle English forms suggest that the regular phonological development would have been similar to that of bough n. (The name of) the letter ȝ commonly used in Middle English to represent the palatal semivowel /j/, the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, or the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.The letter ȝ developed from a form of g in Anglo-Saxon manuscript writing (ᵹ) and became distinguished from the continental form of the letter (the ancestor of modern lower-case g) in the early Middle English period (see discussion at G n.); in later manuscript writing, its form was usually indistinguishable from that of z (which only became widespread in Britain in the 14th cent.: see Z n.); compare quot. c1425 and also quot. a1425 at zed n. 1 (a rare variant of the text cited in quot. ?a1425 here). See further discussion at G n. and also at Y n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > others Bc1000 Dc1000 ellc1000 Fc1000 Sc1000 yogha1300 Pa1398 ess1540 tee1610 alif1727 cue1755 em1793 en1793 dee1795 double U1841 edh1846 wye1857 vee1883 gee1926 nut1940 kay1959 at sign1977 a1300 in M. R. James Descriptive Catal. McClean Coll. MSS (1912) 266 Yoȝ. ȝ [examples] ȝef. ȝus. ȝer. ȝender. draȝ. sclaȝ. arȝ. marȝ. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 92 (MED) Wee in Englond haue in oure langage & speche ii lettres mo þan þei haue in hire ABC & þat is þ & ȝ, the whiche ben clept þorn & ȝogh [v.rr. ȝoch, ȝoche, ȝoghe, ȝouh, yowh, yough, ȝouȝ, ȝowȝe, ȝow, ȝoux, youx]. c1425 MS Royal 17 B.i f. 14^v, in Mod. Lang. Rev. (1911) 6 442 Þe carect yogh, þat is to seie .ȝ., is figurid lijk a zed. 1921 K. Sisam 14th Cent. Verse & Prose 275 Ȝ: called 'ȝoȝ' or 'yogh', derives from..the OE. script form of the letter g. 1930 S. Tannenbaum Handwriting of Renaissance 87 About half a century later some scribes discarded the use of the yogh altogether. 1939 Amer. Speech 14 298 She has, for example, made clear the difference between yogh and gee, a distinction ever to be maintained in dealing with those backish consonants. 1964 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 63 764 It will still appear to many that the only reasonable way to present a text is in the spelling..of the best manuscript; the risks of meddling, even sacrificing thorn and yogh, are too great. 1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 1/1 Scholars have debated such simple, but still to many software manufacturers insurmountable, topics as how to get a yogh in standard word processors. 2013 S. Horobin Does Spelling Matter? iv. 106 The poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.., written by a contemporary of Chaucer's, is edited with its letters thorn and yogh left intact. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1300
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