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单词 yoke
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yoken.

Brit. /jəʊk/, U.S. /joʊk/
Forms: early Old English geok, early Old English giok, Old English eoc (rare), Old English geocc (Northumbrian), Old English geocne (accusative, probably transmission error), Old English gioc, Old English iuc, Old English iuk (rare), Old English iwocc (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) geoc, Old English–early Middle English ioc, early Middle English goc, early Middle English giok, early Middle English ȝeoc, early Middle English ȝocc ( Ormulum), Middle English ȝoc, Middle English ȝock, Middle English ȝocke, Middle English ȝok, Middle English ȝoke, Middle English ȝokk, Middle English ȝokke, Middle English ȝoocke, Middle English ȝook, Middle English ȝouke, Middle English iouke, Middle English jocke, Middle English jok, Middle English yekke, Middle English yoc, Middle English yokke, Middle English youkke, Middle English–1500s ioke, Middle English–1500s yoike, Middle English–1600s yocke, Middle English– yock (now English regional), Middle English– yok (now English regional), Middle English– yoke, late Middle English ȝolke (perhaps transmission error), 1500s yeoke, 1500s yoixes (plural), 1500s youck, 1500s yowcke, 1500s yowg, 1500s–1600s yoake, 1500s–1600s yolke, 1500s–1600s yooke, 1500s–1700s yoak, 1600s oak, 1700s– yolk (now English regional); Scottish pre-1700 ȝak, pre-1700 ȝock, pre-1700 ȝocke, pre-1700 ȝoik, pre-1700 ȝoilk, pre-1700 ȝok, pre-1700 ȝoke, pre-1700 ȝooke, pre-1700 yhok, pre-1700 yhoke, pre-1700 yioke, pre-1700 yoake, pre-1700 yocke, pre-1700 yolk, pre-1700 yook, pre-1700 youk, pre-1700 1700s yoak, pre-1700 1700s– yok, pre-1700 1700s– yoke, pre-1700 1800s– yock, 1900s– yokk (Shetland); also Irish English (northern) 1800s yok, 1900s– yauk, 1900s– yawk, 1900s– yock, 1900s– yuck.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Dutch joh (Middle Dutch joc , juc , Dutch juk , †jok ), Old Saxon juk (Middle Low German jok , juk ), Old High German joh , juh (Middle High German joch , German Joch ), Old Icelandic ok , Old Swedish uk (Swedish ok ), Old Danish ogh (Danish åg ), Gothic juk < the same Indo-European base as Hittite iūk (apparently a consonant stem), Sanskrit yuga , Middle Persian ywg , ancient Greek ζυγόν (compare zygo- comb. form), classical Latin iugum , Old Church Slavonic igo , and also (with secondary development of the initial consonant) Armenian luc , < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin iungere to connect, couple, join (see join v.1). Compare Finnish jukka , juko crossbar of a sled, apparently representing an early borrowing < the Germanic base. Compare also Old Welsh iou yoke (Welsh iau ) and perhaps Gaulish -iug- (in personal names, e.g. Veriugus ), both of which could either be inherited forms ( < the same Indo-European noun base) or borrowings from Latin; compare further Early Irish cuing yoke, perhaps < an otherwise unattested Celtic reflex of the Indo-European verbal base (with a prefix < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin con- con- prefix).Further Indo-European connections. Compare (with different ablaut: full grade) ancient Greek ζεῦγος (yoked) pair of draught animals, couple, classical Latin iūgerum unit of land measurement (in post-classical Latin also iuger ; compare juger n.), Old High German jūh unit of land measurement (see below), and (with different stem-class) Old Icelandic eykr draught animal, Old Swedish ök , öker (Swedish ök ), Old Danish øgh (Danish øg ). Compare further (with uncertain ablaut) Sanskrit yoga act of joking (compare yoga n.). Form history. In Old English, as in other Germanic languages, the word inflects as a strong neuter (a -stem). There is variation in stem vowel between u and o (compare the forms iuc and ioc ) resulting from sporadic failure of lowering of u to o , although this is largely obscured by the most frequent spelling geoc (especially in West Saxon), which could equally represent either sound (compare forms of young adj. and n.1 and the discussion of the reflex of Germanic initial *ju- at that entry). The later development of the word apparently chiefly continues forms with short o . The long vowel in the modern standard form /jəʊk/ results from Open Syllable Lengthening of o in inflected forms and levelling of the lengthened vowel (long open o ) across the paradigm in Middle English, while forms continuing a short vowel survive in modern regional use. Occasional spellings with l (as yolke ) probably result from confusion with spellings of yolk n.1 Use with reference to land measurement. With use with reference to a unit of land measurement (see sense 9) compare yokelet n. and later yoking n.1 6. Compare post-classical Latin iugum unit of land measurement, specifically (in Kent and Sussex; compare sense 9) a quarter of a suling (see suling n.) (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources; also 12th cent. or earlier in the translation of a lost 9th-cent. English will); compare also (denoting similar units) Middle Dutch joc , Old Saxon juk (Middle Low German jok , juk ), and further (with different ablaut) Old High German jūh (Middle High German jiuch , German Joch (merged with the standard word for ‘yoke’)) and apparently also Old English gycer (attested only in glossaries copied by continental scribes). These units are apparently so called because they correspond to the area of land typically ploughed with a team of animals in a specified period of time (compare oxgang n., and (with reference to the plough rather than the draught animals) suling n., ploughland n., carucate n., etc.); with similar semantic motivation compare also Sanskrit yojana measure of distance (see yojana n.). The extent of the unit denoted (and its correlation with measurement in acres) varies regionally and over time; in quots. eOE1 and eOE2 at sense 9 it is uncertain and disputed. The word also occurs in Kentish place names, apparently with reference to the local unit of land measurement and its use to refer to a small landholding, in e.g. Yocham , Gillingham (1278; now York Farm), atte ȝoke , Mereworth (1327; now Yotes Court), atte Yoke , Maidstone (1325; now Half Yoke), supporting the assumption that the word was current in Middle English in sense 9, despite the apparent gap in the lexical evidence. Compare also the early surnames Richard atte Yoke (1304; Kent), Roger ate Yoke (1317; Kent), Roger atte Yok (1324–5; Essex). Notes on other senses. In to pass under the yoke at sense 2b after classical Latin sub iugum abīre; compare also sub iugum mittere to send under the yoke, and subiugāre subjugate v. In specific sense ‘ridge of hill connecting two peaks’ at sense 3b after classical Latin iugum; compare Middle High German joch in the same sense (German Joch ). With use with reference to a period of agricultural work (see sense 10) compare earlier yoking n.1 2.
I. A frame or collar placed around the neck of an animal, or an object resembling this.
1.
a. A device fitted to the neck of a pair of draught animals to enable them to pull a plough, cart, etc., together; a similar device fitted to a single draught animal for the same purpose.A yoke typically consists of a long wooden bar or pole, often curved or shaped to fit the back of the necks of the animals, with hoops or collars at the ends to fit round the animals' necks; the plough or vehicle is drawn by means of a chain, trace, etc., attached to the centre of the bar. Other forms of yoke are also used which are fitted on the heads or before the withers of the animals. in the yoke: (in quot. 1850) with the oxen, horses, etc., fitted with a yoke.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke
yokeeOE
bow?1530
ox-yoke1573
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [adverb] > in yoke
in the yoke1850
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 33 Iugum, iuc.
OE tr. Bili St. Machutus 24 Genim twegen gunge oxan & untemede & hie gegeoce under anum geoce fylgendre þære sylh.
c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Homilies in Anglia (1928) 52 25 Iuc, ioc.
a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 169 Les juges [glossed] the yokkes.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 108 Hou that an Oxe his yock hath bore For thing that scholde him noght availe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21288 Þe carter self is iesus crist, His bodi es yock [Fairf. ȝok, Gött. ȝock] he has stablist.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1615 He gert bestis vndyr ȝok [a1530 Royal yhoke, a1550 Wemyss ȝoke] Thoil broddis sare and mony knok.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxxxii. §3. 453 As a wylde beste in the ȝoke.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiiv He must haue his..oxen or horses, and the geyr that longeth to them. That is to say: yokes, landes.., wrethyng teames.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxi. f. xxix The foole off an asse vsed to the yooke.
1534 Will of Thomas Broke in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 6 Ye plow and all belongyn therto, cheyns, yowgs and such other.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxix. 10 Canst thou bynde ye yock aboute him in thy forowes?
1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 169 Four yoikes for oxen.
1593 in J. P. Earwaker Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1884) 121 Plowe harrowes Cheynes and Yockes to yt belonginge.
1642 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) I. 232 Beasts that have bine used to the yooke.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 Let 'em..never know The taming Yoak, or draw the crooked Plough. View more context for this quotation
1728 J. Thomson Spring 3 There, unrefusing to the harness'd yoke, They lend their Shoulder, and begin their Toil.
1750 J. Allen Nature & Danger Despising Reproofs 4 Beasts, whose Necks, by being long accustomed to the Yoke, grow..hard and callous.
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 372 It is a question, whether it is most advantageous to work oxen by the collar or harness single, or in yoke or bows double.
1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 194 In England the custom is to attach the yoke round the neck by a hoop of alder, or of elm, fixed under it, which, passing through the yoke, is then fastened to the upper part with buttons, or pegs, upon the ends of the hoop, which is called a bow.
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xii. 265 We were in the yoke soon after daybreak.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) Yokes are required for bullock draught, and are used either for pole or trace.
1923 Boys' Life Oct. 10/2 By mid-afternoon the string of wagons stood alongside the road, the line of chains and yokes stretching ahead of each.
1983 New Scientist 9 June 700/1 A simple new yoke which enables just one ox to do the job.
2004 San Diego Oct. 31/2 The artifacts the society has saved range from Native American stone tools to adobe bricks and oxen yokes used by 19th-century American farmers.
b. A representation of a yoke; an object or decorative device resembling a yoke in shape.Frequently in Heraldry.
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society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > non-Christian symbols or images > [noun] > stone yoke
yoke1415
stone yoke1899
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > others
quathriganc1175
starc1384
yoke1415
sheafc1420
arrow1548
thunder-dart1569
memento mori1598
quadriga1600
Triton1601
anchor1621
chimera1634
forest-work1647
Bacchanaliaa1680
Bacchanal1753
subject1781
harp1785
mask1790
arrowhead1808
gorgoneion1842
Amazonomachia1845
Amazonomachy1893
mythograph1893
physicomorph1895
horns of consecration1901
double image1939
motion study1977
1415 in F. A. Page-Turner Bedfordshire Wills (1914) 28 (MED) Y will..þt Edward my sone haue a grene bed of borde alisaundre..wt ye holme and ye armes of John Cheyne Squier stondynge in a ȝok wt iij corteyns reed.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. viijv Garmentes..travessed with cloth of gold, cut in Pomegranettes and yokes, strynged after the facion of Spaygne.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 335/2 He beareth Vert, a Yoke.
1838 London Q. Rev. June 70/1 Each sovereign assumed a separate and strictly personal device... The jealous despotic Ferdinand chose the yoke.
1865 H. W. Baxley What I saw on W. Coast of S. & N. Amer. viii. 145 A life-size graven image of La Merced..holding in its uplifted jewelled fingers a silver yoke.
1906 P. H. M'Kerlie Hist. Lands & Owners Galloway (new ed.) I. 574 2nd and 3rd, argent, in chief, a yoke in fess, proper, three escutcheons, gules.
1955 J. H. Young & S. H. Young Terracotta Figurines from Kourion in Cyprus ii. 55 From the front, decorated poles sprang forth to the yokes.
2002 T. P. Campbell Tapestry in Renaissance (2006) 233/1 The ceiling decorations incorporate the motif of the yoke, a device of Leo X, resting on a stucco frieze.
2.
a. A ring or collar placed on the neck of a prisoner or conquered enemy as a means of restraint or control. Also in figurative context. Chiefly historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > subjugation > yoke placed on captive's neck
yokeOE
OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 321 Bogia, iuc oððe swurcops.
OE Ælfric Homily (Hatton 114) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 743 Ða dyde se halga wer on his dohter swyre þæt ilce geoc þe wæs on his agenum swuran, and se fæder þa eode æfter ðam preostum.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 80 Ve sal put ȝour cragis in ane ȝoik to be ane perpetual takyn that ȝe ar vencust be vs.
1649 tr. Alcoran 151 They shall have Oaks [1734 collars] upon their necks.
1777 R. Potter tr. Æschylus Prometheus Chain'd in tr. Æschylus Tragedies 56 Chorus. What, shall high Jove bend to a greater lord? Prometheus. And to a yoke more galling stoop his neck.
1815 D. Porter Jrnl. Cruise to Pacific Ocean I. iii. 84 Some thefts had been committed, for which the perpetrators were then under the punishment of wearing a yoke.
1880 Internat. Rev. June 572 The mate in charge flogged him, put an iron yoke around his neck, and set him..to work at unloading the cargo.
1913 E. S. Whitin Caged Man ii. 20 Keepers of county jails [in Pennsylvania] may put iron yokes round prisoner's neck, chains on leg, or otherwise restrain in irons.
2009 M. Kamiar Brilliant Biruni vi. 37 After Yalldowz put the yoke around his neck, he had to sit down.
b. Roman History. A yoke lifted up in the air, or an arrangement of two spears fixed upright in the ground with another on top of them representing this, under which a conquered army was made to pass as a symbol of subjugation. Frequently in to pass under the yoke. Also figurative.
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society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > subjugation > yoke under which defeated enemy passed
yokec1540
gallows1565
fork1619
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. xxviii. 284 He..wald suffir þame to departe vnder ȝoik [L. sub iugum abituros], To mak it knawin þai war subdewit. This ȝoik was made of thre speris, of quhilkis twa war dentit in þe erde, and þe thrid laid thortoure þare hedis.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iii. xxviii. 107 His..pleasure was, they should passe al under the yoke or gallowes.
1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. ix. 93 Jugurtha grants the Romans Life and Liberty but upon Condition that they should pass under the Yoke.
1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. 82 He gave them their lives, but obliged them, in token of servitude, to pass under the yoke, which was two spears set upright, and another across, in the form of a door, beneath which the vanquished were to march.
1825 Oriental Herald Nov. 347 Rather than see his honours tarnished, and his brethren in arms made, in a manner, to pass under the yoke..by the fatuity of the Amherst administration.
1855 Harper's Mag. July 181/1 Only a few woe-stricken families were left to pass under the yoke of the conqueror.
1875 C. Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome xxx. 209 His army was routed, and passed under the yoke.
1909 C. Beare in Macaulay's Lays of Anc. Rome 16 It was precisely at the time at which the Roman people rose to unrivaled political ascendency that they stooped to pass under the intellectual yoke.
2012 L. de Libero in H. Afflerbach & H. Strachan How Fighting Ends iii. 37 The beaten were compelled to pass under the yoke, exposed in public, disgraced amidst jeering enemy soldiers.
3.
a. A block or arched crosspiece from which a bell is suspended. Cf. headstock n. 2. In later use U.S.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > other parts
yokeOE
stirrup1341
cod1379
bell-string1464
frame1474
stock1474
ear1484
poop1507
bell-wheel1529
skirt1555
guarder1583
imp1595
tab1607
jennet1615
pluck1637
bell-rope1638
cagea1640
cannon1668
stilt1672
canon1688
crown1688
sound-bow1688
belfry1753
furniture1756
sounding bow1756
earlet1833
brima1849
busk-board1851
headstock1851
sally hole1851
slider1871
mushroom head1872
sally beam1872
pit1874
tolling-lever1874
sally-pin1879
sally-pulley1901
sally-wheel1901
OE Significance of Church Bells (Corpus Cambr. 44) in Anglia (1995) 113 12 Se rap þe hæfð angynn of þam treowe þe ys þære bellan geoc.
1824 At Gen. Assembly State Rhode-Island & Providence 50 William Angell, for block for bell-yoke to the court-house in Providence, the sum of one dollar.
1849 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel & Gaz. 19 Feb. Ware House Sale... 1 bell yoke and clapper.
1854 Vermont Chron. 11 Apr. 60/5 (advt.) We have purchased the entire right of Hildreth's improved Rotary Yoke. This attachment, by loosening one bolt, admits the Bell to turn.
1859 G. F. Clark Hist. of Norton, Bristol County, Mass. xvii. 241 I am told that ‘a yoke’, on which to hang the bell, was procured.
1933 H. Allen Anthony Adverse i. 8 A small bell hung in a yoke on the roof tinkled musically, and the horses long accustomed to the signal moved forward.
1962 Life 2 Feb. 33 Workmen made a temporary concrete cushion for the bell and took the yoke away.
2010 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 19 Aug. b1 One of the two Y-shaped frames that supported it [sc. a bell] also was found, as was a metal ring that went around the yoke.
b. gen. Any of various objects resembling the yoke of a plough in some respect, as an arch- or bow-shaped frame, a curved bar, crosspiece, etc., esp. one which links two things together.In quot. c1155 denoting frames in fishing-weirs (compare hatch n.1 3, heck n.1 2).In quot. a1382: †a ridge of a hill connecting two peaks (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > like an arch or bow > thing of the form of an arch or bow
yokec1155
archa1592
arc1642
instep1681
water-bow1855
outspan1887
c1155 ( Bounds (Sawyer 1555) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Bath & Wells (2007) 147 To werbolde, xl mæra oððe an foþer gyrda, oððe viii geocu byld, iii ebban tyne.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxvii. 24 I steȝede vp the heiȝtus of mounteynes, ȝokes [a1425 L.V. ȝockis; L. iuga] of Liban.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxviii. sig. Ivj Leuers of yron, xvj Ioukes for brygges to make with all foure & tuenty grete strong ladders.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 84 The Uine keeper must often goe about his Uines, and set vp his proppes, and make euen his yokes.
1745 in tr. L. J. M. Columella Of Husbandry iv. xix. 179 (footnote) When the vine..begins to extend its arms, and spread itself, then they make frames or yokes (juga) to lay them upon, and support them.
1822 G. Stephenson Let. 10 Nov. in G. Stephenson Engineer & Lett. (1973) i. 61 I am glad you think you can manage the Engine, the Yoke with the side rods form the connecting rods which will unite with the crank pin exactly under the centre of the cylinder.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Yoke... A branching coupling-section, connecting two pipes with a single one, as the hot and cold water pipes with a single pipe for a shower-bath.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Yokes, short sawn timbers placed across biats for steadying pump trees.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 242/1 The fidicula or lyre consisted of a resonant box, having a yoke (jugum or transtillum) instead of a neck.
1922 Pop. Mech. Mag. May 800/2 Iron yokes are made and fitted to the blocks, to carry the pump rods, which are also of wood.
1961 V. S. Naipaul House for Mr Biswas i. i. 30 She had a solid gold yoke around her neck and thick silver bracelets on her ankles.
1976 D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance 29/2 Like the lyre already illustrated..its bowed successor was made out of one piece, the resonator and pillars of the yoke being hollowed out and the sound board added.
2008 A. Wilson & M. Piepkorn Green Building Products (ed. 3) 41/2 Specially designed steel ‘yokes’ hold pairs of 2x4s, which hold the fabric in a trough formation.
c. Nautical. An arrangement or mechanism by which the rudder is operated.
†(a) A pair of ropes or tackles attached to the end of a tiller, which are pulled on to move the tiller and facilitate steering in heavy seas; (also) the tiller when attached with ropes or tackles in this way. Obsolete.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant > rope or chain
yokea1625
wheel-rope1820
yoke line1822
string1852
tiller-lines1889
wheel-chain1891
a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) 162 Yoake, when the Sea is soe rough that menn cannot gouerne the helme with their hands, then they sease two blocks to the helme on each side at the ende and reeuing two falls through them like Gunners Tackles bring them to the Shypp-sides, and soe having some at one Tackle some at the other they gouerne the helme as they are directed. There is also an other waie with taking a doble toerne aboute the ende of the helme, with a single Roape the ends being belayed fast to the shipp side, and by this they guide the helme, but not with soe much ease as the other waie, now either of these is called Yoake to Steere by.
1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Yoke, a double rope (from the helm to the ship-sides) to help the steering (when their hands are too weak).
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Yoke, a name formerly given to the tiller, when communicating with two blocks or sheaves affixed to the inner end of the tiller. It is now applied to a small board or bar which crosses the upper end of a boat's rudder at right angles.
(b) A wooden or metal fitting permanently attached to the rudder head, with a pair of ropes, rods or chains leading forward to some other mechanism for pulling on them; (also) the mechanism by which the ropes, rods, or chains are pulled. Cf. yoke line n. at Compounds 2.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant
sea-yoke1704
quadrant1779
yoke1792
1792 Jrnls. House of Lords 13 Feb. 47 364/1 Those Ships that have no Roundhouse, their Rudders should run up, and steer with a Yoke abaft the Rudder Head.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 237 The bowman had charge of the boat-hook and painter, and the coxswain of the rudder, yoke, and stern-sheets.
1878 D. Kemp Man. Yacht & Boat Sailing xvii. 189 The steering arrangement is very capitally contrived with yokes coupled by rods or chains and a tiller.
1921 Pop. Mech. Aug. 300/1 By fitting the yoke, or tiller, shown in the drawing, to the rudder, the possibility of such an accident is eliminated.
1977 J. Gardner Building Classic Small Craft I. xiii. 106 Whether an ordinary stick tiller is used or a tiller yoke and tiller lines is a matter still to be settled. Yoke and lines are seldom seen today.
d. Electrical Engineering. In early use: an iron piece joining the cores or pole pieces of a magnet or electromagnet. In later use more widely: a part of a magnetic circuit, esp. in a generator or motor, that is not surrounded by the windings. Also: an assemblage of electromagnetic coils used to apply a variable magnetic field in a cathode ray tube or other device; = deflection yoke n. at deflection n. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > pole of magnet > part joining poles
axis1664
yoke1845
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet > end section > part joining
yoke1845
1845 A. Vail Amer. Electro Magn. Telegr. 143 To these supports the magnet is permanently secured, by a yoke, S, through which pass two screws into the wooden supports below.
1884 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery vii. 145 One such iron mass..is attached solidly to each pole-piece, and the two are united at the top by a still heavier yoke of iron.
1924 A. L. Cook Elem. Electr. Engin. xi. 88 On the ring-shaped portion or yoke are inwardly projecting cores, which carry the exciting windings and have pole pieces, curved to fit the armature.
1951 R. B. Dome Television Princ. ix. 230 Another problem, that of high-voltage surges across the yoke and tube during flyback, must be taken into account in designing the components.
1989 P. Horowitz & W. Hill Art of Electronics (ed. 2) vi. 374/2 Note that the collector-current waveform is a linearly rising ramp, which is often used to drive the magnetic deflection coils (called the ‘yoke’) of the CRT, thus producing the linear horizontal raster scan.
2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) ii. 77 Many types of permeameters have been made and used, distinguished by the size and shape of the sample, the relative arrangement of specimen, yoke, and magnetizing winding, and by the means of sensing the field.
e. Aeronautics. In early use: any of various structures with crosspieces by which the pilot could steer an aircraft. In later use: the control column.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > controls and instruments > [noun] > controls > control column or lever
control column1902
yoke1904
joystick1913
stick1914
control stick1916
side stick1955
1866 Ann. Rep. Aëronaut. Soc. 38 They [sc. two propellers] are..pulled down by cords or chains, running over pulleys in the panels b b, and fastened to the end of a swivelling cross-yoke, sliding on the base-board.]
1904 Canad. Patent Office Rec. Sept. 2255/2 In a flying machine of the character herein described, the combination with the wings of a yoke adapted to pass around on either side and in front and back of the operator, the said wings being pivotally attached to said yoke and having means..to keep them normally in an open or upward position.
1918 J. T. King & N. W. Leslie Aeroplane Constr. & Assembly 83 In order to equip a machine with ‘Dual Control’ a similar yoke or stick is placed in the passengers cockpit.
1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 576/2 Yoke,..a control column, esp. a dual control column.
1971 R. Dentry Encounter at Kharmel ix. 151 Ed eased back on the yoke and made a slow, climbing turn.
2005 Pilot Oct. 34/2 I was getting ready to let go of the yoke, but to my surprise, after Eric contacted San Diego Tower, he still had me flying it.
4. A wooden frame or collar fitted around the neck of a pig or other animal, to prevent it from breaking through or leaping over a hedge, fence, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > restraining frame
yoke-stick1483
yoke1512
poker1805
poke1809
yoke-skey1817
cradle1831
1512 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 16 The said Adam Wolkesone swyn had na yokis [MS ȝokis].
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry xii. f. 15v Hog yokes, & a twitcher, & rings for a hog, with tar in a pot, for the byeting of dog.
1613 A. Sherley Relation Trav. Persia 71 Hee should..goe, during his life, with a great yoke, like a Hogges-yoke, about his necke.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 278 A Yoak,..an Instrument..to put on Swine or other unruly Creatures, to keep them from running through Hedges.
1770 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. I. 164 Each hog had a wooden triangular yoke about its neck, by which it was hindered from penetrating through the holes in the enclosures.
1804 Sydney Gaz. 29 Apr. 2 If the animal be not equipped with a yoke and ring, then it may itself accomplish the fracture and facilitate the trespass.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) I have never seen a pig yoked, but yokes are still in common use for cattle and sheep; and I have, on one occasion at least, seen a number of hens all wearing yokes.
1929 F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 67 The wooden yoke put over hogs to prevent them breaking through fences.
1975 T. Russell Chron. Uncle Mose 9 The Ranger..brought the goat into court and measured his yoke.
2010 J. Newell Trading Nature vi. 175 Tahitians needed to put yokes on them [sc. pigs], break off the points of their tusks, and build increasingly strong fences to keep them out of gardens.
5. A bar or pole placed across the shoulder or shoulders of a person, used for carrying a pair of pails, baskets, etc., one of which is suspended from either end of the bar or pole.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > yoke for carrying
yoke-stickeOE
yokea1630
neck yoke1688
bangy1789
shoulder sling1813
shoulder-yoke1862
sap yoke1878
sap neckyoke1905
a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. iii. 383 I haue seene men..carry the milke in two payles fastned to a wooden yoke before them.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 259/1 It is born by Men with Wooden Yokes on their Shoulders, to which is hung small Barrels or Bags of Leather full of Water.
?1757 Coll. Pretty Poems 127 Could you but see my aukward folks, Wadling along with pails and yokes.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 155 Whenever to rest she her buckets set down, She jinkled her yokes to and fro.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. i. 3 The speaker, who had been carrying a pair of pails on a yoke, deposited them upon the edge of the pavement.
1961 People's Jrnl. 4 Mar. A timmer yoke it fittit on tae wir shooders, wi' a length o' rope fae baith eyns, an' the pails waur hung on a heuk at the eyn o' the tow.
2004 J. Cornwell Pope in Winter xiv. 115 He had spent years carrying rocks in buckets on a yoke in a Polish quarry.
6. Part of a garment shaped to fit around the neck and shoulders or around the hips, from which the rest of the garment hangs, and often distinct from the rest of the garment in being of double thickness, of different fabric, or otherwise decorated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > hip
hip1705
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke back1876
hip yoke1878
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > shoulder > and supporting depending parts
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke front1870
yoke bodice1876
1849 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1848 954 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 59) What I claim as my invention..is constructing the neck of a shirt or yoke, in the manner described, by having a curved seam on the top of the shoulder, [etc.].
1878 W. H. Dall On Remains Later Prehist. Man 13 The outer side of this parka was ornamented by a band or yoke passing over the shoulders and completely across in front.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 527 Yokes.—These are headings, or shaped bands, into which plaitings or gatherings of garments are sewn, and which are so cut as to fit either the shoulders or the hips, and from which the rest of the bodice, nightdress, dressing gown, or the skirt is to depend.
1903 Daily Chron. 24 Jan. 8/4 The hip-yoke is a plain piece, sometimes, however, covered with embroidery, that is moulded to the figure below the waist.
1947 Life 8 Sept. 112/1 (advt.) Storm cuffs, elbow-action sleeves, large flap pockets and strain-proof yoke.
2010 D. Stoller Stitch 'n Bitch Superstar Knitting iii. 202 The yoke is done using the stranded knitting technique.
II. A pair of draught animals in harness and related uses.
7.
a. A pair of draught animals, esp. oxen, that are or may be yoked or harnessed together to pull a plough, cart, etc. Now chiefly historical. Cf. pair n.1 5a.In this sense the plural after a numeral is often yoke.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > draught animal > team of
teamOE
yokeOE
draught?1523
teamware1567
plough team1726
work team1809
span1812
farm team1818
spike-team1848
OE Extracts from Bible: Ecclesiasticus (Royal 7 C.iv) xxvi. 10 in R. Cornelius Die altenglische Interlinearversion zu De vittiis et peccatis (1995) 161 Sicut boum iugum quod movetur. ita et mulier nequam : swa swa oxena geoc þæt byð gestyrud eallswa eac wif manfull.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 195 Half hundre giokes of ocsen.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxviii. 1358 Þey beþ yholde wiþ þe fyue wise [emended in ed. to nise] maydenes and þe fyue ȝokke of oxen.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 66 I haf ȝerned & ȝat ȝokkez of oxen.
c1480 (a1400) St. Lucy 252 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 394 Fyfty ȝok of oxine.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xlii. 12 A M. yock oxen [1539 Great Bible a M. youck of oxen].
1557 Will of Robert Harward in T. Phillipps Collectanea de Familiis Diversis (c1840) I. 201 I wyll that Ihon my sun, and William my sun, shall have every of them..a yowcke of Oxyn.
1606 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 173 One yocke of draft oxen, viijli xiijs iiijd.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 18 A deep well whence they draw water, with a wheel turned round by a yoke of Bulls.
1699 J. Stevens tr. J. de Mariana Gen. Hist. Spain xxiii. iii. 405 At Sevil there happened such a terrible Hurracan, that it carried away a Yoke of Oxen with the Plow.
1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Wergins-Meadow One of them required 9 yoke of oxen to draw it.
1782 T. Pownall Treat. Study Antiq. App. iv. 248 In the original use of these chariots, each pair or yoke of horses were harnessed to the chariot by a separate..pole.
1818 G. Flagg Let. 12 Sept. in B. Lawrence & N. Branz Flagg Corr. (1986) 16 It generally requires 3 yoke of Oxen or six horses to plough up the prairies & the plough must be kept at a keen edge by filing often.
1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine xix. 408 We..saw men plowing, sometimes with a camel, and oftener with a yoke of cattle.
1925 P. G. Judson Pioneer's Search for Ideal Home ii. 16 For a time all four yoke were on the stampede.
2002 Amer. Cowboy May 79/2 One yoke of oxen might range in price from $70 to $160.
b. More generally: any pair of people or things, esp. words or concepts, linked together in some way. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > pair > [noun]
pairc1300
couple1365
paira1382
gemels1382
pair1391
yokea1425
brace1430
binarya1464
match1542
twin1569
binity?1578
twoa1585
couplement1596
Gemini1602
couplet1604
twain1607
duad1660
dyad1675
duet1749
tway?a1800
doublet1816
two-group1901
two-grouping1901
coupling1961
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 224 Þe þridde ȝok þat Poul forfendiþ, is chiding and envie.
1586 W. Fulke Confut. Treat. W. Allen i. vii. 141 in Treat. against Def. of Censure Bks. W. Charke & M. Hanmer A yoke of aduersaries ioyntlie drawing against the Church and our saluation.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. i. 165 These that accuse him in his intent towards our wiues, are a yoake of his discarded men. View more context for this quotation
a1656 J. Hales Four Tracts (1677) ii. 26 The power of the Keys, is express'd by the Learned in three yokes, or pairs of Words.
1832 C. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants II. 207/2 In reference to the leaves being composed of many yokes or pairs of leaflets.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cv. 513 The scattered solitaries, yokes, and pods [of whales].
1981 H. Strutz 1001 Pitfalls in German 167 Chaucer's poems are full of ‘yokes’ or pairs of words, half Saxon, half Norman French.
8.
a. Irish English and Scottish. A horse and cart or horse-drawn carriage; (hence in later use) a vehicle of any kind, a motor vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > with its draught animals
plough1505
team1641
Yarmouth coacha1661
rig1831
yoke1894
hitch1912
1894 J. Barlow Kerrigan's Quality iv. 43 One of them onnatural little yokes that rowl about wild wid big wheels.
1909 R. Holman Char. Stud. Miners W. Fife 67 A gey smairt yoke stannin' jist as ye turn in here.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist v. 212 I couldn't get any kind of a yoke to give me a lift for..there was a mass meeting..over in Castetownroche and all the cars in the country were there.
1973 Dunfermline Press 9 Feb. 23/7 [Describing a 1963 Austin Westminster] This yin's a big yoke and looks braw.
1979 J. Morrow Confessions Proinsias O'Toole 72 Have you any idea, young woman, how much a one mile joy-ride in that yoke costs me?
1996 G. Moxley Danti-Dan i. vi. in F. McGuinness Dazzling Dark 25 Renault. CZT 520. Wouldn't take one of them fucking yokes if you gave it to me on a plate.
b. Irish English. A machine or device of any kind; a contraption, a contrivance. More generally: any object whose name one cannot recall, does not know, or does not wish to specify; (also) a person, a fellow.The example of usage given in quot. 1910 appears to show sense 8a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > thing or material object
thingOE
bodya1398
objecta1398
substance1525
cheat1567
solidity1604
article1618
material objecta1651
res extensa1652
extensum1678
businessa1684
animal1729
materiate1755
affair1763
thingy1787
fellow1816
concern1824
jockey1827
toy1895
yoke1910
doojigger1927
bitch1951
1910 P. W. Joyce Eng. as we speak it in Ireland xiii. 352 Yoke; any article, contrivance, or apparatus, for use in some work. ‘That's a quare yoke Bill,’ says a countryman when he first saw a motor car.
1923 Dublin Mag. Aug. 57 ‘To slay mine enemies!’ he replied to a question of Julia's as to ‘what on earth he wanted with a sword now, and it such a dangerous-looking yoke?’
1958 N. Fitzgerald Student Body v. 69 Don stooped to pick up the gun... ‘Where's the safety-catch on these yokes?’
1961 D. Behan Teems of Times & Happy Returns viii. 89 Wouldn't yeh be surprised at a clever man like the Pope comin' from an ignorant crowd of yokes like that?
1979 K. Dowling Interface: Ireland i. iii. 26 This fecking yoke is maggots up to here!
2005 J. Martyn Ringfort to Runway i. iii. 41 Sure he went to Belfast for that yoke the minute he saw one on television for fear we haven't enough clutter.
III. Extended uses denoting a measure of quantity, area, or work.
9. A unit of area of arable land; esp. (in Kent) an area corresponding to a quarter of a suling, about 50 or 60 acres (20–24 hectares). Hence: a small area of land, a small manor. Cf. yokelet n., oxgang n. 1. Now historical.Compare discussion in etymology section.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > carucate and equivalents > quarter of a suling
yokeeOE
eOE (Kentish) Will of Badanoð Beotting (Sawyer 1510) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 711 Ðonne is ðes londes ðe ic higum selle, xvi gioc [L. iugera] ærðelonde.
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 61 Aratrum, sulh. Arua, yrþland. Iuger, ioc. Seges, æcer.
1516 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 58 Symon Cawen occupeit ane ȝok of the landis of Clachare.
1566 W. Painter tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes iii. f. 58 Why did the Romanes deme him hurtefull to the Common wealthe, that would not contente himselfe with .vii. yokes of lande?
1653 in E. Hasted Hist. Kent (1782) II. 525 [In the survey of Milton manor, taken anno 1653, there is mention made..of the] yoke of Hamons atte Deane.
1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 44 The originals..mention certain persons by name, with the number of yokes and acres belonging to them.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. II. 155/1 In Austria, a yoke of land contains 1600 square fathoms.
1886 Archaeologia Cantiana 16 167 The yoke of Henwood or Hewitt..at the east end of the town [of Ashford] extended into Willesboro'.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 388/2 The quantity of land ploughed by a yoke of oxen in one day was called a yoke or acre.
2014 D. Hall Open Fields Eng. iii. 61 Many field systems in Kent, although once open and divided into strips, consisted of severalty holdings called ‘yokes’.
10. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (esp. Kent). A period or stretch of work undertaken with oxen or other draught animals pulling a plough, typically lasting half a day (now chiefly historical). Also more generally: a spell or bout of any work or activity; a shift. Cf. yoking n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > spell of ploughing
yoking1516
yoke1766
1766 P. Fea Diary 23 May (1997) 73 Melling midday in How & a part in ye Lang land of Halksness & overrunning it B[etween] yoks.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Yoked A yoke, the quantum of labour performed at one spell by husbandmen, the day's work being divided into three yokes.
1796 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent (new ed.) 157 An acre a day is the common yoke for eight or ten oxen in wet, heavy, land, where four horses would plough an acre and a quarter.
1805 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent (ed. 2) 183 When two yokes are made in a day, which is the usual practice of East Kent, the time of going to work is at six o'clock in the morning, returning home at ten; and then going out again at one, and returning at six.
1812 A. Thom Amusements Solitary Hours 38 To lift maist weight, or put the stane Or try a yoke at jump about.
1859 in J. Watson Living Bards of Border 74 'Twas after half-a-day's hard yoke, O' five stout men an' women folk.
1911 J. Omond Orkney 80 Years Ago 9/3 The first yoke was over about 8. The afternoon yoke finished at eight or nine.
1960 G. E. Evans Horse in Furrow ii. 40 The old, traditional one journey, or one yoke, fell out of use just before or during the last war.
1964 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. (at cited word) [Aberdeenshire] ‘Is Geordie onywey about?’ ‘I some dout he's awa tae the yoke gin this time.’
1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Yoke, a spell of work, originally the period of time when a horse was yoked.
IV. Figurative uses denoting a burden, restraint, or bond.
11. A burden of servitude or oppression; something considered to be restrictive or oppressive; subjugation, bondage. Also: something which imposes or promotes discipline or control. Frequently in phrases, as to cast (also shake, throw) off the yoke, to submit to the yoke, under the yoke, etc.Cf. Norman yoke n. at Norman n.1 and adj. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [noun] > to oppressive rule
yokeeOE
nitheringeOE
underputtingc1440
servitude?1473
compression1816
downtroddenness1868
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > instrument or symbol of
yokeeOE
rod of iron1526
iron fist1600
heel1601
millstonea1660
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxix. 201 Ælc ðara ðe sie under ðæm gioke hlafordscipes, he sceal his hlaford æghwelcre are & weorðscipes wierðne onmunan.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 29 Nimaþ min geoc ofer eow & leorniaþ æt me.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xix. 282 Æala ofermodan, hwi ge wilnigen þæt ge underlutan mid eowrum swiran þæt deaðlice geoc?
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4045 Þatt tanne shollde itt lesedd ben. Fra dæþess ȝocc.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 71 Se ðe..Cristes ȝoc wile beren, and forlat al ðe woreld.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 9286 (MED) Wanne ich am encheson of such peril ywis, Verst icholle þer inne do mi sulue..& verst asayli þen false king & bringe him to ȝoke.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 255 (MED) Do to þine mouþe a dore and a loc, and to þine wordes a waye and a yok.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 357 He brouȝte alle þe kynges þat were nyh hym under his ȝok.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 228 What kynne seruauntis ben vnder ȝook of seruage deme þei here lordis worþi alle manere honour or worschipe.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 420 What euer seruauntis ben vndir ȝok, deeme thei her lordis worthi al honour.
c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 90 (MED) Þe ȝok of all þis birden was leid in his nek.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iv. 24 Tyl al them that hes resauit the ȝoilk ande the confessione of crist.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 69 He circumscribed with his sword, And brought to yoake the enemies of Rome. View more context for this quotation
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 3 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Having quite shooken off their yoake, & broken the bonds of their obedience.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 719 It [sc. a castle] became a most grievous yoke unto the neighbour inhabitants.
1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xi. xxviii. 186 O shamelesse boldnesse! which can..make the Bond of Sweetnes a pretence To break all other yoakes.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 36. ⁋1 Termagant Wives who make Wedlock a Yoke.
1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) Introd. 35 In tying us down to the disagreeable yoke of our reason.
1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. i. iv. 50 The weary yoke of business.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 400 The Restoration emancipated thousands of minds from a yoke which had become insupportable.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iv. §5. 200 It was his settled purpose to fling off the yoke of the Baronage.
1924 H. B. Mackintosh Pilgrimages in Moray i. 11 The Moravians threw off the yoke of the Norsemen, but only for a time.
1955 Billboard 30 Apr. 4/4 The pilot film tells how Long John and his ship mates rescue a peace-loving tribe of islanders from the yoke of some Spanish pearl seekers.
1985 Times 12 Apr. 8/3 It would be ‘galling for anyone under the yoke of oppression in South Africa or Namibia’ to have to listen to urgings to non-violent change.
2008 N.Y. Times Mag. 2 Mar. 37/2 The need for Russians to cast off the yoke of ‘Putinism’ and liberate themselves from the KGB state.
12. The bond of marriage or love, frequently combining the ideas of partnership (cf. sense 13) and restraint (cf. sense 11). Cf. yoke v.1 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > union in
yokeOE
couplec1320
alliancec1325
unionc1475
accouplement1483
accouplinga1535
conjunction1541
coupling1641
conjuncture1679
conjugationc1783
OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 109 Tua se expetit protectione muniri; sit in ea iugum dilectionis et pacis : ðin hia giuað scildnisse þætte se gitrymmeðo sie in ðær iwocc lufes & sibbes.
OE Ælfric Homily: De Doctrina Apostolica (Hatton 115) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 626 Ðæt wif byð under hyre weres iuce þa hwile þe he leofað; and gif heo hyre wer oferbit, þonne byð heo frig.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 3992 Ȝok of mariage.
1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 158 Tyll..þat youkke of wedlokke ly in my nekke as hyt dose now in yours.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vii. f. 77v We haue byn ioyned togyther with the yoke of holy matrimonie.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. iv. 13 Companions..whose soules doe beare an egall yoke of loue. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 297 Were I not resolv'd against the Yoke Of hapless Marriage.
1710 tr. P. Bayle Hist. & Crit. Dict. II. 1402 He had liv'd in Celibacy 'till the Year 1612. but at last he underwent the Conjugal Yoke.
1786 L. MacNally Sedaine's Richard Coeur de Lion i. 2 He is honey-moon struck, and remarries Blanch, his wife, after..fifty years in the matrimonial yoke.
1841 Catholic Herald (Calcutta) 3 July 226/2 The unhappy individual finds no refuge from the yoke but through the crime of adultery.
1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 173 Gin Johnny tak' the yoke wi' me, I'll try to pu' my share.
1919 Amer. Jrnl. Urol. & Sexol. 15 419 Human beings marry because they also have sex hunger, which compels them with irresistible force to submit to the yoke of marriage.
1985 Jet 22 July 57/1 The thrice-crowned champion, who has been married an equal number of times, has paid a handsome price for breaking the yoke that bound him.
2007 Augusta (Georgia) Chron. (Nexis) 17 Jan. a4 They interviewed middle-aged women embracing their singlehood after years under the marital yoke.
13. A bond of affinity, partnership, or mutual obligation; a task, duty, undertaking, etc., esp. one shared with another or others.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun]
yokeOE
relationa1398
respecta1398
report1523
society?1545
habitude1561
conjugation1605
necessitudea1626
attinency1632
dependencea1634
belonginga1648
respectiveness1650
nexure1652
synapsis1655
relative1657
rapport1660
proportion1664
schesis1678
relationship1724
appurtenance1846
relationality1866
interosculation1883
tie-up1927
tie-in1934
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun]
bridelockOE
yokeOE
spousehooda1200
spousea1225
wedlock?c1225
wedlockhoodc1230
marriagec1300
spousal1340
matrimonya1382
espousala1393
muliera1400
spousagea1400
spouseheadc1400
weddedhooda1450
wedhooda1450
wedding1489
espousage1549
the bond(s of wedlock or matrimony1552
nuptial1566
bed-match1582
bob-tail1585
Hymen's banda1593
Hymen1608
married life1609
conjugality1645
marriage state1652
conjugacy1659
marriage life1662
establishment1684
shackledom1771
connubiality1836
connubialism1848
weddedness1891
bedlock1922
the tender trap1954
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > denoting or implying
yokea1500
OE Wulfstan Institutes of Polity: De Ecclesiasticis Gradibus (Junius) (1959) 238 Utan gemunan, þonne we urne hneccan mid þam stolum befoð, hu mycele þearfe we agan, þæt we þæt godcunde geoc, þe we underfangen habbað, emne and rihte awegan.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. vi. 14 Nyle ȝe lede ȝok [L. jugum ducere] with vnfeithful men.
c1450 (c1400) Cuckoo & Nightingale (Fairf.) (1975) l. 140 Myn entent is neyther for to dye, Ne, while I lyve, in loves yoke to drawe.
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) l. 818* He..fair enformed þam of fight & fetez of armez For ȝapest in hys awne yoke ȝarly to drawe.
1645 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Bad Times iv. xvii. 228 It is therefore some comfort that I draw in the same Yoak with my Neighbours.
1769 Gardener's Kalendar 3/2 in Compl. Farmer (ed. 2) There are so many rocks, and such bleak winds, in Scotland, that it can hardly draw in the same yoke with England, for gardens and orchards.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 130 If thou needs must bear the yoke, I wish it Gentle as freedom.
1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines i Well I had better come to the yoke [i.e. begin my task].
1907 Friend 16 Nov. 146/3 We make it our first endeavor to come into the place of true discipleship, and to learn, as the first Christians learned, by self-surrender and trust, to share the yoke of Christ.
2010 San Jose (Calif.) Mercury News (Nexis) 5 Mar. Share the yoke with a willing partner and much more can be accomplished.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1a.)
(a)
yoke-band n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > part of
yoke boweOE
oxbowa1325
yoke-band1585
yoke thong1585
beele1616
headpiece1763
yoke-skey1817
jukskei1822
yoke strap1833
yoke tree1844
skey1850
bow-pin1856
bow-key1859
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 270/2 Subiugium lorum,..the yoke thong, or yoke band.
1848 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad 452 Then they brought out the yoke-band [Gk. ζυγόδεσμον], nine cubits in length, along with the yoke.
2009 K. Cheshire Alexander the Great 41 Alexander..pulled out from the wagon's pole the so-called hestōr that held the yoke-band together.
yoke bar n.
ΚΠ
1837 G. Turnour tr. Maháwanso xxi. 128 On his way back in his chariot, a corner of a buddhistical edifice was fractured by the yoke bar [Pali yugakoṭiyā] of his carriage.
1910 G. R. Chester Early Bird xii. 180 The yoke bar had slipped, the tongue had fallen to the ground.
1993 F. Welsh Tutankhamun's Egypt iii. 30 The hawk figure with a disk on its head placed on the yoke bar to face forward.
yoke-gear n.
ΚΠ
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 519 To ane smyth in Dalkeith that mendit ij greit boltis, four slyngis, and yokegeir, v s.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1181 The yoke-geer of this cart.
1897 A. Schulz & A. Hammar New Afr. i. 14 We were obliged to roll up and secrete every piece of raw hide composing our yoke gear, and also the thong whips.
2000 J. Rutherford tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (2003) ii. xxxiii. 715 From among oxen, ploughs and yoke-gear they took the farmer Wamba to be King of Spain.
yoke peg n.
ΚΠ
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 269/1 Radius,..the yoke sticke: the yoke pin or yoke peg.
1906 Harper's Mag. June 28/1 The chain gets entangled; two oxen pull on different sides of a standing trunk; yoke-pegs crack; necks are throttled by the halters.
2013 J. Crouwel in A. J. Veldmeijer & S. Ikram Chasing Chariots 82/2 The slender, two-horse yoke is fastened on top of the pole near its far end by means of lashings and a yoke peg.
yoke pin n.
ΚΠ
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 269/1 Radius,..the yoke sticke: the yoke pin or yoke peg.
1857 H. H. Wilson tr. Rig-veda Sanhita III. 88 May the horses be steady, the axle be strong, the pole be not defective, the yoke not be rotten; may Indra preserve the two yoke-pins from decay.
1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 175 In Herefordshire yoke-pins were carefully made of Yew or Rowan.
2014 Mail & Guardian (S. Afr.) (Electronic ed.) 3 Jan. It was here that an early Johannesburg settler discovered a yoke pin in the stream.
yoke ring n.
ΚΠ
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 335/2 The parts of a Yoke... The Yoke Ring, and Oxe Chain.
1891 G. Meredith Horses of Achilles 15, in Poet. Wks. (1912) 560 All their lustrous manes..Right side and left of the yoke-ring tossed, to the breadth of the yoke-bow.
2007 A. Visser tr. J. Nicolay Armed Batavians vi. 221 In the centre of the raised parts is a bronze yoke ring, with two more rings or decorative knobs on the oblique sides.
yoke strap n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > part of
yoke boweOE
oxbowa1325
yoke-band1585
yoke thong1585
beele1616
headpiece1763
yoke-skey1817
jukskei1822
yoke strap1833
yoke tree1844
skey1850
bow-pin1856
bow-key1859
1833 Berks. Chron. 26 Oct. Defendant being instructed to keep pigs out, struck at the pig, with his yoke strap.
1919 Outing Mar. 332/3 If the horse is in double hitch, the traces and yoke strap should be unfastened.
2015 J. Vaillant Jaguar's Children xxii. 210 Now there is a wagon by the cantina with a load of ollas in it and hanging on the side is a broken yoke strap for the oxen.
yoke thong n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > part of
yoke boweOE
oxbowa1325
yoke-band1585
yoke thong1585
beele1616
headpiece1763
yoke-skey1817
jukskei1822
yoke strap1833
yoke tree1844
skey1850
bow-pin1856
bow-key1859
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 270/2 Subiugium lorum,..the yoke thong, or yoke band.
1899 A. Campbell Santali-Eng. Dict. 91/1 They broke the yoke-thong with a snap.
1999 E. Z. Dobkin tr. H. Abramowicz Profiles of Lost World i. i. 60 At the inn, one could take care of whatever might occur on the roads: a broken axle, hub or linchpin, or a torn yoke thong.
† yoke work n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1819 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 20 Oct. Best yoke work oxen, Roswell Terry, Sangerfield.
1888 Fortn. Rev. 1 Apr. 484 One may see oxen and even cows—for they too do their share of yoke-work—harnessed to the net and helping in the haul.
1911 I. L. Forrester Polly Page Ranch Club xxi. 262 I sold some youngsters [i.e. long-horned steers] to a farmer in Iowa, I remember, for yoke work.
(b)
† yoke-weary adj. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1910 R. Kipling Rewards & Fairies 219 And a wet yoke-weary bullock Pushed in through the open door.
b. (In sense 5.)
† yoke-shouldering adj. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1895 K. Grahame Golden Age 42 The yoke-shouldering village folk were wont to come to fill their clinking buckets.
c. (In sense 6.)
yoke bodice n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > shoulder > and supporting depending parts
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke front1870
yoke bodice1876
1876 Peterson's Mag. Mar. 224/2 The under-waist may be either a plaited yoke bodice, or a corsage with basques opening at the back.
1939 Times 22 May 15/1 (advt.) The yoke bodice is softly gathered, and the skirt has box pleats.
2006 Timaru (N.Z.) Herald (Nexis) 15 Apr. 26 The dress has a short yoke bodice with the gathered skirt falling from the high waistline.
yoke front n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > shoulder > and supporting depending parts
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke front1870
yoke bodice1876
1870 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 16 Feb. A very pretty style is a yoke front and a watteau back.
1902 Friends' Intelligencer 30 July 560/3 (advt) Children's rompers—of gingham, with full back and yoke front; long sleeves.
2012 Harper's Bazaar (Nexis) Sept. 284 My story begins with a pair of pleated Derek Lams with a yoke front.
yoke piece n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > hip
hip1705
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke back1876
hip yoke1878
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > shoulder > and supporting depending parts
yoke1849
yoke piece1868
yoke front1870
yoke bodice1876
1868 Gaz. Fashion Feb. 76/1 The pattern of a ‘Norfolk shirt’, cut with some difference of arrangement to those we have previously published, inasmuch as in the present specimen we have a ‘yoke’-piece.
1883 Letts's Illustr. Househ. Mag. 94/2 Cut the shoulder to match the crossway of the yoke-piece, which must be double.
2014 D. B. O'Shea Famous Frocks 114/1 Sew the pieces together, and press the seam toward the yoke piece.
C2.
yoke arbor n. Mechanics rare a frame holding the journal boxes at both ends of a spindle.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2828/2 Yoke-arbor, a form of double journal-box for pulley-spindles, in which a curved branch extending from one bearing to the other on each side of the pulley serves to protect the belt from being chafed or otherwise injured.
1944 U.S. Patent 2,361,820 2/2 Shaft 18 and its bearings 36 and 37 are carried by a yoke arbor 40.
yoke bone n. [after classical Latin os iugāle (Celsus); compare German Jochbein (1616)] Anatomy the jugal or malar bone of the cheek, forming part of the zygomatic arch; cf. earlier jugal bone at jugal adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > zygomatic arch > cheekbones
cheek lapa1382
cheek bonea1425
cheek blade1535
seat of the skull1552
yoke bone1615
gumble1688
jugal1854
malar1866
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 755 The first paire of the vpper Lip..ariseth from the vtter seame of the Iugall or yoke-bone.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. v. xi. 175 There is a cleft under the yoake bone ascending into the Orbe of the eye.
1701 tr. A. Belloste Hospital-surgeon iii. xv. 293 His Fellow-Soldier..had two Wounds by one Shot; the first a little below the Yoke-Bone of the left Side [of the Scull].
1858 G. M. Humphry Treat. Human Skeleton 298 The Malar bones are yoke-bones between the jaws and the sides of the cranium.
1956 Etnologiska Studier 22 100 Of the face bones, a fragment of the glabella part and the left yoke-bone have been preserved.
2009 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics A. 149 8/1 Zygoma: The part of the temporal bone of the skull that forms the prominence of the cheek. It is also known as the zygomatic bone or arch,..the cheek bone and the yoke bone.
yoke bow n. a bow-shaped piece of wood or metal forming a collar for a yoked draught animal, with the upper ends fastened to the yoke; cf. bow n.1 5a, oxbow n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > part of
yoke boweOE
oxbowa1325
yoke-band1585
yoke thong1585
beele1616
headpiece1763
yoke-skey1817
jukskei1822
yoke strap1833
yoke tree1844
skey1850
bow-pin1856
bow-key1859
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 5/2 Iungula, geocboga.
a1333 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (BL Add.) (1929) 927 Yocbowen [a1325 Arun. oxebowes, a1425 All Souls yokis].
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 73 If ye ty them as plowe oxen be, with a sole and a with, which is made like a yoake bow.
1891 G. Meredith Horses of Achilles 15, in Poet. Wks. (1912) 560 All their lustrous manes..Right side and left of the yoke-ring tossed, to the breadth of the yoke-bow.
1994 J. Knoblock tr. Xunzi Compl. Wks. III. xviii. 42 The Three Dukes hold the yoke bow in their hands and hold the inner reins of the outside horses.
yoke collar n. (a) a bow-shaped piece of wood forming a collar for a yoked ox or other draught animal; (b) a part of a garment shaped to fit around the neck and shoulders of the wearer, typically decorated or of distinctive material, to which the main part of a garment is attached.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > collar > types of > other
rabat1578
falling band1581
rebato1589
fall1598
piccadill1607
golilla1673
collarettea1685
banda1700
turn-over1716
Vandyke1755
falling-down collar1758
falling collar1770
fall-down?1796
yoke collar1817
rabatine1821
dicky1830
dog collar1852
Piccadilly collar1853
all-rounder1854
all round1855
turnover collara1861
Quaker collar1869
Eton collar1875
Toby collar1885
Eton1887
sailor collar1895
roll-neck1898
Shakespeare collar1907
polo collar1909
white-collar1910
tab collar1928
Peter Pan collar1948
tie-neck1968
1817 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 561/2 His [sc. a dog's] collar is of wood like a yoke collar, and a stick is tied to it, and likewise to the rope which holds him to the door.
1868 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 25 Sept. Agents for the Bemis patent yoke collar in various styles; full line of other collars and cuffs in linen and paper.
1926 Manitoba Free Press 9 Feb. 22 Trimming details have gained in sophistication—the scarf collar.., the saddle shoulders and yoke collar that add so much to a frock.
1991 J. L. Adams Flying Buttresses, Entropy, & O-rings (1993) i. 15 The ox had been a superior work animal..because the yoke collar in use had choked the horse.
2013 Independent (Nexis) 30 May The flounces, flowers and lacy yoke collars of Laura Ashley.
yoke devil n. now archaic (chiefly in plural) a close companion or accomplice, esp. in a villainous or immoral undertaking; a ‘partner in crime’.In later use probably after quot. a1616.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > group of or companions
yoke devila1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. ii. 103 Treason, and murther, euer kept together, As two yoake diuels sworne to eythers purpose.
1890 J. Wells Rescuers & Rescued xi. 123 Under the same roof there are herding and sotting several yoke-devils, who toil not nor spin, yet they enjoy their deeply-buttered bread.
2003 E. Marston Vagabond Clown xii. 194 ‘How close is he to Master Fitzgeoffrey?’ ‘They are two yoke-devils.’
yoke elm n. a hornbeam tree (genus Carpinus); = yoke tree n. (a). [So called (according to J. Gerard in the work cited in quot. 1597) because its leaves resemble those of the elm tree and its wood was used to make yokes (see sense 1a). Compare Hellenistic Greek ζυγία maple (also used in early modern herbals for the hornbeam, e.g. by Gerard), and (hence) also classical Latin zygia maple, hornbeam (Pliny; explained by Vitruvius as a tree used for making yokes).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs
witch hazela1400
mazer?c1475
hardbeam1544
sugar-chest1545
hornbeam1577
yoke tree1585
yoke elm1597
iron tree1623
ironwood1672
horn-wood1731
horse-beech1731
horn-beech1771
hardwood1842
stonewood1863
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1296 It is also called..in English Hornbeame, Hardbeame, Yoke Elme, and in some places Witch hasell.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Kkkkv/2 Yoke-elm, un Charme, sorte d'Arbre de bois dur.
1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. iii. 261 The Gard'ner who has a fence of Yoke-Elms.
1865 Daily News 9 Dec. 8/1 I also observed quantities of yoke elm (used for tool making), yew trees, beech, poplar, and alder.
1901 S. K. Levett-Yeats Traitor's Way x We had reined up under a huge yoke-elm.
1986 P. Leigh Fermor Between Woods & Water (1988) v. 128 Beech came next..then yoke elm and common elm, ‘useful for furniture and coffins’.
yoke horse n. chiefly historical a horse fitted with a yoke; either of two horses harnessed together in a yoke.Esp. with reference to an animal used to pull a chariot in antiquity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > team of > horse as part of
yoke horse1804
yoke steed1840
1804 J. Jones Gram. Greek Tongue iii. i. 200 Ζευχτιδες ίπποι yoke horses, i.e. a pair of horses.
1871 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 1 July 7/3 He did not consider a yoke horse necessary to be kept at the Crown to assist in drawing carts up the hill.
1916 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 20 406 The use of a side horse..besides the two yoke horses—characteristic especially of the Assyrians beginning with the ninth century.
1981 E. H. Edwards Country Life Bk. Saddlery & Equipm. 11/3 The extra horses were placed on the outside of the two yoke horses, these outriggers being fastened to the chariot by a single trace.
yoke line n. Nautical each of the two ropes, rods, or chains attached to the rudder head and pulled on to steer a vessel; cf. sense 3c(b).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant > rope or chain
yokea1625
wheel-rope1820
yoke line1822
string1852
tiller-lines1889
wheel-chain1891
1822 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 4 254 The tiller..is, perhaps, twenty feet long..; this serves instead of having yoke lines.
1959 Mariner's Mirror 45 150 The galley was primarily designed for speed, in fair weather, to be pulled..by four rowers and steered by a coxswain, with yoke lines.
2012 R. Sullivan My Amer. Revol. iii. 175 Rob took control of the yokelines, to steer.
† yoke steed n. Obsolete = yoke horse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > team of > horse as part of
yoke horse1804
yoke steed1840
1840 Penny Satirist 7 Mar. 3/1 The industrious ploughman urged his yoke steeds.
1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 208 They termed the two next the pole yoke-steeds.
yoke-stick n. (a) a wooden bar or collar forming part of a yoke (see sense 1a); (b) a stick attached to an animal's neck to prevent it from breaking through or leaping over a hedge, fence, etc. (cf. sense 4); (c) a bar fitted over the shoulder or shoulders used for carrying pails, etc. (= sense 5).In quots. eOE and OE translating obicula, a diminutive of classical Latin ōbex bolt, bar, barrier (see obex n.).The meaning in quot. 1483 is uncertain; Middle Eng. Dict. suggests ‘?a stick for driving yoked animals’.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > yoke for carrying
yoke-stickeOE
yokea1630
neck yoke1688
bangy1789
shoulder sling1813
shoulder-yoke1862
sap yoke1878
sap neckyoke1905
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > restraining frame
yoke-stick1483
yoke1512
poker1805
poke1809
yoke-skey1817
cradle1831
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 84/2 Obicula, geocstecca.
OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 46 Iugales, ioctema. Antena, boga. Obicula, iocsticca.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 427/1 A ȝoke styke, fisticulus.
1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle Prol. Ovr long time rumor'd Hogge..is at length got loose, Leauing his seruile yoake-sticke to the goose.
1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Pure Nat. Dial. 4 Yoaks and Bowes and Pad and Yoaksticks.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 201 Yoke-stick, the wooden shoulder-bar for carrying the milk pails by suspension... ‘As crooked as a yoke-stick,’ deformed. Also the wooden horseshoe-shaped collar with which oxen are yoked.
2013 Irish Times (Nexis) 28 Oct. 19 A yoke-stick is a wooden horseshoe-shaped collar for yoking animals.
yoke-toed adj. Ornithology having toes arranged so that two point forward and two point backward; cf. zygodactylous adj. at zygodactyl adj. and n. Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > of toes or claws > having particular type of
zygodactylous1828
yoke-toed1831
zygodactyl1831
anisodactylic1834
zygodactylic1835
lark-heeled1837
short-toed1837
heterodactylous1854
pair-toed1868
sympelmous1885
pamprodactylous1889
pigeon-toed1890
pamprodactyl1934
synpelmous-
1831 R. Mudie First Lines Zool. ii. 38 (heading) Order V.—Yoke-toed Birds.
1973 Jrnl. Paleontol. 47 501/1 The bird described herein is..the only avian fossil actually to show the yoke-toed condition.
2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xxii. 543 Psittaciforms, with..their powerful, gripping feet with two toes pointing forwards and two backwards in the manner known as ‘yoke-toed’.
yoke tree n. †(a) = yoke elm n. (obsolete); (b) a part of a yoke (sense 1a), esp. the body or main crosspiece; (c) Caribbean a mastwood tree ( Catalpa longissima). [In sense (a) (and probably also (c)) so called because its wood was used to make yokes; compare discussion at yoke elm n.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs
witch hazela1400
mazer?c1475
hardbeam1544
sugar-chest1545
hornbeam1577
yoke tree1585
yoke elm1597
iron tree1623
ironwood1672
horn-wood1731
horse-beech1731
horn-beech1771
hardwood1842
stonewood1863
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > part of
yoke boweOE
oxbowa1325
yoke-band1585
yoke thong1585
beele1616
headpiece1763
yoke-skey1817
jukskei1822
yoke strap1833
yoke tree1844
skey1850
bow-pin1856
bow-key1859
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 149 Carpinus,..a kind of tree, called in olde time the yoke tree, the wood whereof was easie to be cleft.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Carme,..also, the horne-beame, or yoake tree.
1706 J. Stevens New Spanish Dict. i. Cárpe, a Tree with a rugged black bark, by some call'd the Yoke-Tree.
1798 T. Connelly & T. Higgins New Dict. Spanish & Eng. Lang. I. 688/2 Dentejón,..The yoke-tree with which the oxen are yoked to the cart.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 322 The draught-chains, hooked to the lever, and passed under the pulleys of the yoke-trees.
1881 D. Morris Jamaica Ann. Rep. Public Gardens & Plantations 1880 32 Catalpa longisiliqua. Yoke tree. W. Indies.
1959 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 13 Aug. 1 The body..was found hanging from a yoke tree at about 2 p.m. today.
1960 H. J. Hopfen Farm Implements Arid & Trop. Regions ii. 18 Belly yoke. This is a particular type of double harness in which the yoke tree is fastened under the animals' bodies behind their front legs.
yokewood n. any of certain Caribbean trees yielding wood for construction, esp. mastwood, Catalpa longissima; cf. yoke tree n.
ΚΠ
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXIX. at Zygia This plant is there [sc. Jamaica] called Yoke-wood.
1909 W. Indian Bull. 9 316 Yokewood, Mast-wood, French Oak, Spanish Oak.
2009 C. P. Baker Explorer's Guide Dominican Republic i. 19 Roble, or yokewood, also thrives in the seasonally dry environment.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

yokev.1

Brit. /jəʊk/, U.S. /joʊk/
Forms: Old English geiukod (past participle), Old English geocian, Old English iucian, Old English iugie (1st singular present indicative), early Middle English ȝokie, Middle English ȝeoke, Middle English ȝoche, Middle English ȝoge, Middle English ȝok, Middle English ȝoke, Middle English ȝokke, Middle English jocke, Middle English oak, Middle English yioke, Middle English yok, Middle English–1500s yocke, Middle English– yoke, 1500s ioke, 1500s iooke, 1500s yockt (past participle), 1500s–1600s yoake, 1500s–1600s yokt (past tense and past participle), 1500s–1700s yoak; English regional 1800s– yauk (Yorkshire), 1800s– yock, 1900s– yoak, 1900s– yok, 1900s– yuck; Scottish pre-1700 ȝakkit (past participle), pre-1700 ȝock, pre-1700 ȝoik, pre-1700 ȝok, pre-1700 ȝoke, pre-1700 ȝokke, pre-1700 ȝolk, pre-1700 yewked (past participle), pre-1700 yoik, pre-1700 yokke, pre-1700 1700s yoak, pre-1700 1700s– yock, pre-1700 1700s– yoke, pre-1700 1800s– yok, 1700s yoake, 1700s youk, 1900s– jokk (Shetland), 1900s– yok', 1900s– yokk (Shetland); also Irish English (northern) 1800s– yauk, 1800s– yock, 1900s– yawk, 1900s– yuck.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yoke n.
Etymology: < yoke n. Compare Old Icelandic oka to yoke, Old Swedish oka (Swedish oka ), Old Danish okæ (Danish åge ). Compare also Old High German untarjouhhen to subjugate (German unterjochen ; after classical Latin subiugāre subjugate v.) and the Germanic forms cited at unyoke v.In Old English the prefixed form gegeocian to yoke, harness (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare further ungeocian unyoke v.
I. To attach a yoke to an animal (and related uses).
1.
a. transitive. To put a yoke on (a draught animal, or pair of draught animals) in order to draw a plough, cart, etc.; to harness (an animal) to or with another in a yoke; to harness together with a yoke.In quot. 1856 with in: cf. sense 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke
yokeOE
harness13..
cart-saddle1377
join1377
couple1393
enharness1490
benda1522
bind1535
span1550
team1552
spang1580
inyoke1595
trace1605
enclose?1615
gear1638
to get in1687
reharness1775
reyoke1813
to hook up1825
inspan1834
hitch1844
pole1846
stock1909
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke > together
yokeOE
OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 20 Iunctis bobus, et confirmato uomere et cultro aratro, omni die debeo aratre [read arare]: geiukodan oxan, & gefæstnodon sceare & cultre mit þære syl, ælce dæg ic sceal erian.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 445 (MED) Ȝif a ȝong sheep, þat is Anselyn, schal be y-coupled and y-ȝoked to a wylde bole, þat is William þe rede..þe solouȝ of holy cherche schal nouȝt goo aryȝt.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxiv. 1213 A ȝong cow þat is able to be ȝoked [1495 de Worde yockid] to drawe atte plowe.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 179 For o Griffoun þere wil bere fleynge to his nest a gret hors..or .ij. oxen ȝoked togidere as þei gon at the plowgh.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. l. 251 Steeris well y-yokyd.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 786/2 Yoke the oxen, for I wyll go to the plough this mornyng.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 16 Ȝyuerly the ȝepe knight ȝokit hom belyue Pight hom into ploghe.
1585 tr. Pliny Secrets & Wonders of World sig. C.iv To make them [sc. Bulls] drawe, it is good to yoke them with a drawing Oxe, for he will teach the other.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 166 It was cautioned in the Law not to yoake an Oxe, and an Asse together.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. ii. §35 As we use not to yoak Calves, or back young Colts, so we think our children are for a while to be left at the same liberty, to have no restraint put on any of their Passions.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 51 Produce the Plough, and yoke the sturdy Steer. View more context for this quotation
1724 J. Swift Let. to Molesworth 10 I shall..learn to consider my Driver, the Road I am in, and with whom I am Yoked.
1788 tr. J.-B. Grosier Gen. Descr. China II. v. xii. 122 The labourers..assisted in yoking the oxen.
1829 C. Rose Four Years S. Afr. 167 At the first dawn of day, all was in motion;..some striking the tent, yoking the oxen, and saddling the horses.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xvii. 210 They yoked in their dogs in less than two minutes.
1871 C. Gibbon For Lack of Gold xvii Four fresh horses which had been ‘yoked’ at Abbotskirk.
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xi. 105 A peasant's cart,..drawn by a small cow and a smaller donkey yoked together.
1958 J. Kesson White Bird Passes v. 67 That's the men yoking their horses.
1972 G. M. Brown Greenvoe (1976) i. 26 A great width of marshland was drained round about, and the ox was yoked, and the wooden plough stottered after it through tough fibred virgin soil.
2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 July 54/1 Medea makes him invulnerable, which enables him to yoke the fire-breathing, brazen-footed oxen.
b. transitive. To attach (a draught animal) to a plough, cart, etc., using a yoke; to harness to a vehicle. Formerly also with †in, †unto, etc.
Π
OE Ælfric Homily: De Falsis Diis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 692 Þa eodan þa iungan cy, geiucode to þam wæne, to Israhela lande, hlowende swiðe æfter heora cealfum.
OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 20 Exeo diluculo minando boues ad campum, et iungo eos ad aratrum : ic ga ut on dægræd þywende oxon to felda, & iugie hig to syl.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 1836 (MED) He tok a plowh..Wherinne anon in stede of Oxes He let do yoken grete foxes.
c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 78 (MED) We tille na lande..ne ȝokes noþer ox ne horse in plughe ne in carte.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Great 329, 332 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 106 Scho had bulis wilde and tate, þat scho nocht trewit mycht ȝakkit be In carte,..and, gyf It hapnyt þat þai var ȝokit, suld ryne away.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 211 (MED) Þe bulles mekely stodyn styll, tyll þay had ȝeokyn ham yn þe wayne.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. vi. 7 Take two mylke kyne,..and yocke them to ye cart.
1585 G. Peele Device of Pageant sig. A.ij From where ye Sun dooth settle in his wayn And yoakes his Horses to his fiery Carte.
1650 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 12 The hangman rydand on ane hors befoir him yockit in that cairt.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Cart The Wain Cope, that part which the hinder Oxen are yoaked unto to draw the Wain.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 199 Lions have been yoked to the chariots of conquerors.
1866 All Year Round 24 Mar. 254/1 The pony, yoked to a little costermonger's cart, was at the door for inspection.
1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. ii. 33 Twice a year regularly she yoked her mule to her cart and drove into Grosseto.
1924 R. H. Mottram Spanish Farm iii. 215 She returned to the farm, and now, finally convinced of the Armistice, yoked the mules to the strongest tackle she could find..and began to pull away the barbed wire.
2013 Sussex Express (Nexis) 2 Oct. When the roads were too muddy for his horses he yoked eight oxen to his carriage to be sure of getting to his destination on time.
c. transitive. To attach (a plough, cart, etc.) to an ox or other draught animal.
Π
1562 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 283 Thomas Peblis yokkit his pleuch vpon his maling of the landis of Dod.
1635 Reg. Privy Council Scott. 2nd Ser. VI. 37 He yocked the cairt wherein Cokstouns chartour kist wes caried away.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 591 These on their Horses vault, those yoke the Car.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. i It sets him weel To yoke a plough where Patrick thought to till!
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 218 The chaise is yokit in a trice.
1819 E. Rigby tr. J. F. L. de Chateauvieux Italy xii 158 I often yoke a hundred ploughs at once.
1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray xxii He said he would ‘yoke the cart’.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lv. 18 Rhesus' chariot yok'd to snowy coursers.
1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song iv. 246 She called old John Brigson to yoke a cart and put corn in it.
a1994 G. MacDonald Cameron never can Yield (1999) viii. 56 The soldiers having yoked the cart started up their motor-cycle and passed us at speed.
d. transitive. With up. To attach a yoke to (a draught animal). Chiefly Australian and New Zealand in later use.
ΚΠ
1624 A. Leighton Speculum Belli Sacri xxxii. 170 The Dukes of Spain, against whomn he warred, yoked up Oxen in Waines.
1634 P. Studley Looking-glasse of Schisme 37 Iohn called up his fathers servant; and they together yoked up their cattell, and betooke themselves to their worke in the fields.
1848 T. L. Mitchell Jrnl. Exped. Trop. Austral. 107 The cattle were yoked up early and we travelled on over fine grassy plains.
1856 W. Roberts Diary 19 Sept. in J. H. Beattie Early Runholding in Otago (1947) 42 I yoked up the bullocks.
1891 J. Fenton Bush Life Tasmania iii. 20 The drivers yoked up their bullocks, and started for Northdown.
1918 R. Kipling Eyes of Asia (1919) 38 It is now time to yoke up the milch-buffaloes.
1978 New Scientist 9 Nov. 459/2 He would have to yoke up a couple of Friesians and get ploughing.
2012 Central Tel. & Rural Weekly (Queensland) (Nexis) 17 Feb. 4 So I'm always looking out for jobs where I can yoke the bullocks up.
2. transitive. To fit a wooden collar or frame around the neck of (a pig or other animal) to prevent it from breaking through or leaping over a hedge, fence, etc. Cf. yoke n. 4. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke > other animal
yoke1530
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 786/2 You muste yoke your hogge, for he ronneth thorowe every hedge.
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell iii. 274 Some doe vse (in the spring) to ring and also yoake their hogge.
1607 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 442 That all thinhabitants of this lordship yoke or ring their swine sufficiently.
1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee Ep. to Rdr. sig. cv So yoking and ringling the wild Boars amongst them..that they may not break through the hedges, or down the walls of the vineyard of the Lord.
1708 in Hist. Anc. Chapel Stretford (1901) II. 84 Wm. Moss for not yoaking and ringing his swine, 2s.
1768 tr. C. de Brosses Terra Australis Cognita II. iii. i. 28 One [shark] they yoked like a hog.
1840 Congr. Globe Jan. App. 145/2 If they think it..a duty..to yoke the geese to keep them from going in washing in violation of the Sabbath.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) I have never seen a pig yoked, but yokes are still in common use for cattle and sheep; and I have, on one occasion at least, seen a number of hens all wearing yokes.
1917 Pop. Mech. Sept. 365/1 (caption) As a rule a goose is easily kept within an inclosure, but this one must be yoked.
2015 M. Essig Lesser Beasts x. 141 Many laws mandated that free-ranging pigs be yoked—fitted with a large wooden collar to prevent their crawling under fences.
3. transitive. To put a yoke or something resembling a yoke on (a person); to shackle (a captive) to another, esp. by the neck, as a means of restraint or control. Now chiefly historical.In quot. 1559 in figurative context.
ΚΠ
1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas i. ii. sig. B.iiv Pryame..neuer shall sustayne his captiue necke, with Greekes to yoked be [L. Graiumcervice iugum].
?1760 J. Sutherland Jrnl. His Majesty's Ship Litchfield 14 It was here we had the first disagreeable Sight of Slaves in Irons, who were yoked by their Necks three and three together, with a Shackle on each Leg, and a Bar of Iron between.
1776 Ann. Reg. 1775 98/2 The prisoners were all secured and yoked.
1803 T. Smith Wonders Nature & Art I. i. i. 128 Bilboes, being instruments also made of iron, for yoking the English prisoners two and two.
1815 Crit. Rev. Nov. 493 A motley group of black and yellow slaves are yoked together like oxen.
1871 Mission Life May 265 The slaves were yoked together in line, with forked sticks, their hands bound.
1927 G. F. Dow Slave Ships & Slaving xi. 198 The captives were yoked together in couples with bamboo collars, a long ox-hide band connecting a half dozen collars together.
2006 S. M. Draper Copper Sun vii. 42 Two of the captives who had been yoked together grew hysterical.
II. To join or couple; to hold in restraint.
4.
a. transitive. To wrap (one's arm or arms) around or about a person's neck, waist, etc.; to encircle (a person's neck, waist, etc.) with one's arms; †to embrace or hold (a person) in one's arms (obsolete).In quot. c1275: to join (arms) in wrestling or fighting.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]
clipc950
freeOE
beclipc1000
windc1175
fang?c1200
yokec1275
umgripea1300
to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300
umbefold14..
collc1320
lapc1350
bracec1375
embracec1386
clapa1400
folda1400
halsea1400
umbeclapa1400
accollc1400
fathomc1400
halchc1400
haspc1400
hoderc1440
plighta1450
plet?a1500
cuddlec1520
complect1523
umbfoldc1540
clasp1549
culla1564
cully1576
huggle1583
embosom1590
wrap1594
collya1600
cling1607
bosom1608
grasp1609
comply1648
huddlea1650
smuggle1679
inarm1713
snuggle1775
cwtch1965
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 938 Heo ȝeokeden [c1300 Otho ȝogede] heora earmes & ȝarweden heom-seoluan.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 [He] with a ȝoldin ȝerd dois ȝolk me in armys.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. ii. sig. D2v My twining armes shall yoake and make thee yield.
1595 R. Barnfield Cassandra in Cynthia sig. D5v He sweetly doth imbrace his loue, Yoaking his armes about her Iuory necke.
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica x. sig. H2 At length they close and grapple, Typhons heele Twines about Ihoues mid-legge, his armes he yoakes about his Gorget.
1888 L. Vanderpoole tr. Princess Nourmahal xxii. 279 Stepping forward, she yoked her arms lightly about the Baron's neck.
1917 E. A. Robinson Merlin v. 79 She raised her face and yoked his willing neck With half her weight.
2011 H. Cain This Boy's Faith ii. 52 My father yoked his arm around my waist.
b. transitive. To place (a thing) around the neck in the manner of a yoke; to encircle (one's neck) with something; to fit around (the neck) like a yoke.In quot. a1849 with on.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] > after the manner of a saddle or yoke
saddle1831
stick1841
yokea1849
a1849 J. Keegan Legends & Poems (1907) 470 The Scotchman..‘yoked on’ his war-pipes, and the..rafters..rang..with the martial strains of the Highland Pibroch.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 196 By the time I had yoked my neck in its serape.
1907 C. B. Loomis Poe's ‘Raven’ in Elevator 136 I tied a loop in the thread and carefully yoked it over the head of the delicate Papillon.
1989 R. Hansen Nebraska Stories 29 Khaki pants belted high at his ribs, a pink towel yoking his neck, a cane in his left hand.
1998 R. Rosenzweig Jewish Mother in Shangri-La ii. 16 He smiled, took one scarf with both hands, yoked it around my head and neck, and blessed me.
†5. transitive. To bring into or hold in subjection or servitude; to subjugate, oppress; to burden. Frequently in passive. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)]
wieldOE
i-weldeOE
onwaldOE
overwieldlOE
amaistera1250
underlaya1300
daunt1303
underbringc1320
yoke?c1335
undercasta1340
afaitec1350
faite1362
subjecta1382
to make subjectc1384
distraina1400
underlouta1400
underthewa1400
underset1422
subjectc1460
subjuge?1473
submise?1473
dompt1480
suppedit?1483
to keep under1486
abandon1487
bandon?a1500
suppeditatec1545
to bring under1563
reduce1569
assubject1579
overpower1597
envassal1606
assubjugate1609
vassal1612
subact1619
vassalize1647
vassalate1659
to school down1818
to ride herd on (also over)1895
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 170 Yȝoket ich am of ȝore Wiþ last and luþer lore.
a1529 J. Skelton Colyn Cloute (?1545) sig. B.i The pore people the[y] yoke With sommons and citacyons.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 300v Vntill thei wer yoked by the thirtie tyrannes, and afterwarde conquered and subdued by Philippus.
?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. F1v Now Rhodes is yoakt, and stoopes to Soliman.
1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 22 The Normans, who..would have yoaked the English vnder their tongue, as they did vnder their command.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 171 He was faine to yoke his lawlesse will under the grand charter.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 410 But foul effeminacy held me yok't Her Bond-slave. View more context for this quotation
1752 Old Eng. 15 Aug. A neighbouring Nation, yoked under an arbitrary Power.
1782 W. Cowper Table Talk in Poems 14 As well be yok'd by despotism's hand, As dwell at large in Britain's charter'd land.
1868 W. M'Hutchison Poems 105 My nest the noo's wi' young weel stockit, For meat at times I'm sairly yockit.
6.
a. transitive. To cause (two or more people or things) to be firmly linked or joined in a close relationship; to connect, associate, or join (a person or thing) with or to another or others; to link, couple together.In quot. 1490: (perhaps) to fix firmly.In later use frequently with the implication of unnatural or unwilling association.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > couple or yoke together
couplec1330
twinc1394
yokea1400
accouple1548
conjugate1570
ingeminate1609
incouple1611
jugate1623
adjugate1730
wive1886
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > connect [verb (transitive)]
yokea1400
engluec1430
entacha1500
connect1537
colligate1545
connex1547
commit1560
complect1578
copulate1669
a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 111 Oak nouȝt me to gydere with synneres.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xxiv. sig. Gj Whiles that the sterres ben in theyr courses well yocked.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 319 The Earle of Angus and the Earle of Glencairneis was ȝokit togither.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus i. 16 Let euery of vs be carefull to approoue our sinceritie to God..by yoking answerable practise to our profession.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. viii. §15. 171 The two Riuers (as it were) yoked together goe along it.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 419 Oh then,..my Name Be yoak'd with his, that did betray the Best.
1638 R. Farley Lychnocausia x Foure Elements in this my body are All yockt in one.
1644 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1950) II. 369 Ther forlorn houps first yoked with unsertan advantage.
1762 C. Churchill Ghost 40 Wit's forc'd to Chum with Common Sense, and Lust is yok'd to Impotence.
?1765 J. Randall Introd. Arts & Sci. i. 88 Hence you see the Necessity of yoking together one Price higher and one lower than the designed mean Price.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. i. 12 Sae mony royal boroughs yoked on end to end, like ropes of ingans.
1865 J. G. Holland Plain Talks ii. 67 Ambition, when yoked with genius.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xxiv. 420 Cato was one of those better natured men whom revolution yokes so often with base companionship.
1936 C. Day Life with Father (1950) 131 In some ways that I didn't fully understand I was yoked to a watch that I now hated.
1990 Rev. Eng. Stud. 41 163 Instances which illustrate different phenomena are yoked together while those which should be together are separate.
2009 N.Y. Times Mag. 8 Mar. 16/2 Results are sure to vary greatly among specific companies that have yoked their brands to some kind of ethical-consumption image.
b. intransitive. To be or become connected or linked; to join or enter into association with; to have connection or interaction with.
ΘΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)]
mingc1275
company1387
joinc1390
meddlec1390
herd?a1400
fellowshipc1430
enfellowship1470
to step in1474
accompany?1490
yoke?a1513
to keep with ——c1515
conjoin1532
wag1550
frequent1577
encroach1579
consort1588
sort1595
commerce1596
troop1597
converse1598
to keep (also enter, come into, etc.) commons1598
to enter common1604
atone1611
to walk (also travel) in the way with1611
minglea1616
consociate1638
associate1644
corrive1647
co-unite1650
walk1650
cohere1651
engage1657
mix1667
accustom1670
to make one1711
coalite1735
commerciate1740
to have nothing to say to (also with)1780
gang?1791
companion1792
mess1795
matea1832
comrade1865
to go around1904
to throw in with1906
to get down1975
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > be or become connected [verb (intransitive)] > be or become linked
accede?a1475
yoke?a1513
tie1867
to link up1897
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 117 Keip ȝou fra harlottis nycht and day (Thai sall repent quhai with tham ȝockis).
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) v. sig. I That galling griefe and I may yoake in one.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 60 You must enquire your way,..with a gentler spirit, Or neuer be so Noble as a Consull, Nor yoake with him for Tribune. View more context for this quotation
1685 A. Peden Let. to Prisoners July in Life & Prophecies (1872) 136 He is the easiest merchant ever the people of God yoked with.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. iii. i. 136 I shall be contented to yoke with him, and proceed..to give my Advice also to Men of Note.
1781 J. Tucker Cui Bono? vi. 95 Oh may Britons have the Wisdom, and the Fortitude never to yoke with the Americans again as Fellow-Subjects.
1851 Ld. Tennyson To Queen 10 The care That yokes with empire.
1902 Pacific 12 June 18/1 Rev. M. W. Morse..has accepted the call of the Pleasant Valley church, which will yoke with Ferndale.
1998 E. M. Townes Breaking Fine Rain of Death viii. 172 It yokes with an apocalyptic eschatology that finds hope and judgment in the future.
7. Frequently Scottish.
a. transitive (in passive). To be joined to another in marriage; to be or become married. Sometimes with the implication of marriage as a restraint or burden (cf. yoke n. 12). Now rare and somewhat dated.
ΚΠ
1541 ‘J. Sawtry’ Def. Mariage Preistes sig. Bviiiv If they were once iustlely yoked vnto one wyfe to sustayne ye moleste kares of matrimonye, [etc.].
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. Q.iiii He that is yokte and hath a wedded wife, Be wel content with that which may suffyse.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 65 Thinke euery bearded fellow, that's but yoak'd, May draw with you. View more context for this quotation
1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 364 He that is yoaked with a wife must not put her away.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 455. ⁋3 I have the Honour to be yok'd to a young Lady.
a1779 D. Graham Coll. Writings (1883) II. 13 Deed Maggy ye'll no be ill youkit wi' him.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 160 My bride, My wife, my life. O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end.
1880 E. P. Roe Day of Fate v. 59 The bare possibility of being yoked to such a woman as in fancy I have wooed and won to-day makes me shiver with inexpressible dread.
1932 D. Campbell Bamboozled 15 Meg'll be yokit tae the wrong man.
2015 Daily Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 26 Mar. As a matter of interest, why is she not married, and if yoked, where is her husband?
†b. intransitive. To wed, get married; to be or become joined by marriage. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > marry [verb (intransitive)]
weda1225
marrya1325
spousec1390
to make matrimonyc1400
intermarry1528
contract1530
to give (also conjoin, join, take) in (also to, into) marriage1535
to make a match1547
yoke1567
match1569
mate1589
to go to church (with a person)1600
to put one's neck in a noosec1600
paira1616
to join giblets1647
buckle1693
espouse1693
to change (alter) one's condition1712
to tie the knot1718
to marry out1727
to wedlock it1737
solemnize1748
forgather1768
unite1769
connubiate1814
conjugalize1823
connubialize1870
splice1874
to get hitched up1890
to hook up1903
1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse xi. f. 168 By allurement of an honest name wemen might be content to yoke with them [sc. Monkes, Friers and Priestes].
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iv. i. 22 Twere a pittie to sunder them that yoake so wel togither.
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) i. 8 Alt. Shee would faine marry. 1. Lady... Who would she yoke with?
1677 F. Bampfield All in One 145 God yoked one man and one woman together; they are but two that can fitly and well yoke together; they are to draw heavenward together.
1765 J. Boswell Let. 11 May in Corr. J. Boswell & J. Johnston (1966) I. 167 At any rate I shall be in no hurry to yoke as my Father calls it.
1789 A. Steel Shepherd's Wedding (ed. 2) 13 Commend that lassie for a wife, Wi' her I'd calmly yoke for life.
a1837 R. Nicoll in Tait's Edinb. Mag. (1841) Dec. 791/1 We twa are geyan young yet, We ha'ena meikle gear, An', if glaikitly we yokit, We wad aye be toilin' sair.
1920 R. Macaulay Potterism ii. i. 61 She is yoking together with an unbeliever.
†III. Technical uses.
8. transitive. English regional (Derbyshire). Mining. To mark possession of (a working) with yokings (yoking n.1 7). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > mark out claim
yoke?1549
stowce1664
?1549 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 96 All Grounds, as Crosses and Holes that be not stowed nor yoked lawfully.
1664 in T. Tapping Manlove's Customs Lead Mines (1851) Gloss. 33 If there be any miner..that has any grove or meer of ground in the mines, he or they shall keep the same in lawful possession both stosed and yoked,..we mean one pair of stoses and one yoking of timber in all men's sight.
9. transitive. To provide a yoke (yoke n. 3a) for (a bell). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > making or fitting instruments > accessories [verb (transitive)] > fit bell
stock1483
steeple1644
yoke1701
tuck1860
1701 in W. S. Banks Walks Yorks. (1871) 44 John Hinchliff for yoaking ye bell 2 18 6.
10. intransitive. Scottish. Agriculture. To plough ridges in pairs. Also transitive: to join or couple (ridges) in ploughing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (land) [verb (transitive)] > plough in ridges > join ridges
yoke1735
1735 True Method treating Light Hazely Ground Buchan 75 We are directed to yoke Awal and Bear-Root, that is, to plough the Ridges by Pairs.
1735 True Method treating Light Hazely Ground Buchan x. 75 We must take Care not to yoke twice one Way, otherwise it will impoverish the one Half, and thicken the other too much.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 471 Another mode of ploughing land from the flat surface is casting or yoking or coupling the ridges.
1855 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 646/1 The mysteries of ‘gathering up’, ‘rown and furrow’ ploughing, ‘casting’, ‘yoking or coupling’ ridges [etc.].
IV. To start or engage in some activity; to set to work.
11. Scottish.
†a. intransitive. To join battle; to engage with an opponent, enemy, etc. Also: to fight, dispute; to argue or contend heatedly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)]
winc888
fightc900
flitec900
wraxlec1000
wrestlea1200
cockc1225
conteckc1290
strivec1290
struta1300
topc1305
to have, hold, make, take strifec1374
stightlea1375
debatec1386
batea1400
strugglec1412
hurlc1440
ruffle1440
warc1460
warslea1500
pingle?a1513
contend1529
repugn1529
scruggle1530
sturtc1535
tuga1550
broilc1567
threap1572
yoke1581
bustle1585
bandy1594
tilt1595
combat1597
to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597
mutiny1597
militate1598
combatizec1600
scuffle1601
to run (or ride) a-tilt1608
wage1608
contesta1618
stickle1625
conflict1628
stickle1647
dispute1656
fence1665
contrast1672
scramble1696
to battle it1715
rug1832
grabble1835
buffet1839
tussle1862
pickeer1892
passage1895
tangle1928
society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > quarrel with [verb (transitive)] > engage in a quarrel with
yoke1581
to break blows, words with1589
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle
to come togetherOE
to lay togetherc1275
smitec1275
to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297
joustc1330
meetc1330
copec1350
assemblea1375
semblea1375
coup?a1400
to fight togethera1400
strikea1400
joinc1400
to join the battle1455
to commit battle?a1475
rencounter1497
to set ina1500
to pitch a battlea1513
concura1522
rescounter1543
scontre1545
journey1572
shock1575
yoke1581
to give in1610
mix1697
to engage a combat1855
to run (or ride) a-tilt1862
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > meet in battle
meeteOE
to meet withc1325
abattlec1400
recounter1455
check1535
to come up against1535
entertain1555
yoke1581
cope1594
conflict1599
clash1650
engage1697
engage1698
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades v. 92 We sooner see goe to the hacke, the dull and fearful foke, Than hardie souldiors in the field, who wishe with foes to yoke.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 333 Syne he and tha hes ȝokkit sone togidder In plane battell.
c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 109 Ȝok vhen we will, I hope to gar him ȝeild.
1646 R. Baillie Let. 22 Sept. (1841) II. 398 The orthodoxe and heterodoxe partie will yoke about it with all their strength.
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 84 Yet still Bogg-sclented, when they yoaked, For all the Garrison in their Pocket.
1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 339 I ae time wi' him yokit, Frae mou' an' nose he gart my red bluid bock out.
1886 Folk-lore Jrnl. 3 270 They yokit wi ane anither, an said it some o' them hid been clashin.
b. transitive. To attack, assault, set upon. Also: to take to task, reprove, berate. Also intransitive with on, †upon, †to, †till.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 90 In weiris quhen thay ȝokit the aduersar [L. adversarium petebant], thay invadet athir wt ane arrow or a lance.
1822 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) II. 360 I..yoked upon him, and posed him well with questions.
1823 E. Logan St. Johnstoun II. ix. 203 They a' yoked to me, and hoisted me ower into the cobble.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 492 Outargued by ony auld woman that would yoke till him.
1861 R. Quinn Heather Lintie (1863) 145 He yokes him fairly wi' his teeth As Brush wad dune a whitterick.
1895 A. Marchbank Covenanters of Annandale xi. 87 They yoked on the man as he was riding alang in his carriage.
1904 ‘H. Foulis’ Erchie xv. 101 He yoked on me and said I was jist as bad as the weedow he lodged wi' afore.
1952 J. Hunter Taen wi da Trow 107 Shü's yokkit some ane else wi pooer.
1964 Weekly Scotsman 16 Apr. 10 There's a few [hares] joukin aboot, and I don't want the dugs yokin on them.
2013 Scotsman 24 Sept. 32 I feel that he may be being ‘yoked on’ for having mixed up the words ‘slut’..and slattern.
12. intransitive. Scottish. To set to work; to begin or resume doing something, esp. energetically or enthusiastically; to turn one's attention or direct one's efforts towards something. Formerly also (cf. sense 6b): to join in with others in a common task or undertaking (obsolete). In later use with to: to set to a task; to begin behaving in a specified manner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)] > resolutely or vigorously
buckle1627
yokea1630
to buckle to1712
square1849
to get it on1954
a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) ii. 270 O that I had my white Gose-hawke here, we should all yoke at once.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xciv. 243 O, if I could yoke in amongst the thick of angels and seraphims and now-glorified saints!
c1660 S. Rutherford Christ & Doves 7 The Man Christ without the Back-bond..durst not for Ten Thousand Worlds have ventured to Yoak in the Fields with the Justice of God, [etc.].
a1699 J. Fraser in W. K. Tweedie Select Biogr. (1847) II. 213 Duties of prayer and reading, only before I yoked with them, were a terror.
1742 in J. Schaw Removal of Faithful Minister Pref. 16 Our worthy Author, who..Yokes in among the shouting Crowds of Men and Angels, to Praise his and their common Redeemer.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 20 Right yape she yoked to the pleasing feast.
1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 211 They said the grace as fast as able, Syn a' yok'd to to gibble-gable.
1816 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) II. 83 I yoked to the review of ‘Jones’.
1818 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) II. 444 In homely phrase..she yoked to the reading of the Bible upon that principle.
1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 74 To Yoke, to resume work.
1911 G. M. Gordon Auld Clay Biggin' 7 Davy yoket tae til lauchin' saftly till himsel.
1955 Banffshire Jrnl. 20 Sept. There the trees were yokin' tae cheenge their dress—the roddens were as reid as ever I've seen them.
?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. 118 We yokit ti the wirk wi a biggar frae Fyfe daein the main contrak.
13.
a. transitive. Scottish. To give (a person) a task to do; to put to work; to set (a person or thing) to do something. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > cause to be occupied with
set1435
set1622
yoke1630
cast1662
sick1914
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > bring into activity or activate
enter1563
inact1583
active1620
activate1624
yoke1630
animate1646
inactuate1651
to bring (also call, put) into (also in) play1799
to put onc1842
to bring on1860
mobilize1871
derepress1962
1630 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1901) 2nd Ser. III. 586 [They] yocked twelffe men with spaids, mattocks and others instruments, who at thair command and direction rave and knist up ane great part of the same lands.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxiv. 285 He hath yoked me to work, to wrestle with Christ's love.
1693 in W. Fraser Melvilles & Leslies (1890) III. 230 In the station he is in, as he is yoaked he cannot doe much, for neither of the seccretarries have any kindenes for him.
1723 G. Wilson Trust 64 If Sinners be not led to Christ, before they be yok'd to the Work of Obedience, [etc.].
1805 G. McIndoe Poems & Songs 147 To count his man and Tam were yoket, Ten hunder' thousand taties.
1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law iii. 128 It is by wisdom and knowledge that the Forces of Nature..are yoked to service.
1905 J. Lumsden Croonings 226 Hae ye nae working folk..that ane could yoke?
1910 W. R. Nicoll Round of Clock xv. 230 He yoked his great imagination to constant labour.
1972 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. (at cited word) [Angus] He thinks he'll get me yokit tee't.
1995 A. Fenton Craiters i. 4 I hid tae yoke Bobie tae get in fit wis left o e ruckie.
†b. transitive. Scottish. To set (a dog) upon a person or animal. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 100 Bishops either will cause stone him, Or else yoak Boutcher Dogs upon him.
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem ii. 48 Whoever yet did see or hear, That Bears yoak't Dogs upon a Bear.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yokev.2

Brit. /jəʊk/, U.S. /joʊk/
Forms:

α. 1500s yelke, 1700s yeke (English regional (northern)), 1700s–1800s yeck (Scottish).

β. English regional 1700s yoak (south-western), 1700s yoake (south-western), 1700s– yock (now south-western), 1700s– yoke (northern and western), 1800s– yuc (south-western), 1800s– yuck (south-western), 1800s– yolk (western), 1900s– yewk (Devon).

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: yesk v.
Etymology: Probably a variant of yesk v. (compare forms at that entry).With the forms yelke and yolk compare belch v. (and forms listed at that entry), belk v., and bolk v. Compare also English regional (Somerset) yack , yocket to vomit (20th cent.). For possible earlier currency see discussion at yoking n.2
Now rare. (British regional in later use).
intransitive. To retch, hiccup, sob, or make any similar noise produced in the throat. Also occasionally with up: to cough up. Cf. yesk v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough
coughc1325
hoastc1440
yoke1527
tussicate1598
hatch1733
hack1770
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > hiccup
yeskc1350
yoke1527
hiccup1580
hicket1584
hickock1598
hick1825
1527 [implied in: L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Hijv The same dronke in the maner aforesayd is good for the yelkyng [Ger. cluxen], named Singultus. (at yoking n.2)].
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Jiii To yelke, sangloutir.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xi. 92 The meate being..so corrupted, causeth some to yelke.
a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (BL Lansdowne MS 1033) (E.D.D.) Applied to the short cough of a sheep, as the sheep yekes or yokes, or has a yeking or yoking.
1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 102 This trash I'm sure when ye inspect, Its filthiness will make you yeck.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Yeck To Yeck, to hiccup.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 496 I think the waggoner 'ad a drop too much las' night, I 'eard 'im yokin' i' the back foud.
1882 F. W. P. Jago Anc. Lang. & Dial. Cornwall 315 Yock or yuck, to hiccough.
1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 184 Yolk up, to cough up.
1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 711 Q[uestion]. What am I doing now [hiccuping]?.. [Devon] Yewking.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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