yokingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈjəʊkɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈjoʊkɪŋ/

Forms: see yoke v.¹ and -ing suffix¹.; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝokenys (plural), pre-1700 ȝwkking, pre-1700 yokeine, pre-1700 yokenies (plural), 1700s yokeing; also Irish English 1900s– yokkin.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: yoke v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < yoke v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.With use with reference to land measurement in northern England and southern Scotland (see sense 6) compare the earlier and apparently independently-formed yokelet n., formerly used in Kent, and also yoke n. 9, which is attested in Kent as well as in northern England and Scotland (compare e.g. quot. 1516 at yoke n. 9).

I. The action of yoke v.¹ and related uses.

†a. The condition of being joined together; an instance of this. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > fact or act of being coupled or coupling together

couplingc1340

copulationc1400

yoking?a1425

couplement1548

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 12 (MED) Of þe neþer cheke forsoþ þe bone..in þe extremiteez it haþ iugalitee, i. ȝoking [?c1425 Paris a ȝokkynge togedre; L. iugalitatem], sette about toward þe muscle of þe temple.

b. The joining of two people, esp. in marriage. Also: the result of this; a marriage. Now chiefly in religious contexts.In unequal yoking with allusion to 2 Corinthians 6:14: see note at yoked adj. 2.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > [noun] > connecting by marriage

yoking1531

matching1625

1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities iv. f. 68^v For assone as she doth yoke her selfe by promyse vnto the man and he to her agayne: then this promys of bothe sydes taketh the name of yokinge or maryage [L. coniugij].

1630 R. Byfield Light of Faith xxvi. 219 Much more should we shunne all vnequall yoking with them [sc. infidels], by marriage, leagues of amity, contracts of friendship, and the like.

1728 N. Markwick Calculation LXX Weeks Daniel 151 Jews..have not..married at any time, with either Christian, Mahometan, or Pagan Women; the doing of which would be unequal Yoking.

1825 W. Thompson Appeal One Half Human Race, Women, against Men ii. ii. 102 Pecuniary, ambitious, temporary animal appetency of old dotards and young fools..lead to those..wretched, yokings together, called marriages.

1920 G. Sargant Winding Track xxvi. 232 Snowy was full of his tricky humor. ‘Who is the parson that is going to do the yoking?’

1968 Rev. & Herald (Seventh-day Adventist Church) 25 July 10/2 It is the willingness to pull together that characterizes true yoking.

2002 C. E. Hayes Gentile Impurities & Jewish Identities v. 101 Paul has forbidden the unequal yoking of Christian and unbeliever... Christian women who marry heathen men are no longer temples of the living God.

c. The joining of two or more (often conflicting or contrasting) things in a close relationship. Also: an instance of this; a connection, association. Frequently in yoking together. Cf. yoke v.¹ 6.

1588 G. Withers View Marginal Notes Popish Test. 260 Your yoking of Gods law with those..additions called Deuteroses, sheweth your..base estimation of Gods word.

1657 H. Ainsworth Art Logick 78 The Conjugation, συζυγία, or yoking together of words, is a depending of words yoked together.

1835 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 457 Who can refrain from a smile, at the yoking together of such a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdroeckh?

1884 W. James Let. 30 Sept. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 697 My yoking of Renan with Zola may sound lacking in delicacy to French ears.

1918 in T. E. Finegan Township Syst. (1921) 281 They believe that this law provides for a yoking of diverse interests.

1957 H. Levin Contexts of Crit. 226 That yoking of opposites which has come to be regarded as the essence of Metaphysical style.

2002 Time Out 2 Jan. 159/1 This arbitrary yoking together on the vaguest pretext means the programme feels broken-backed and disjointed.

a. Scottish and English regional (northern). A period during which a draught animal is yoked and at work with a plough, cart, etc.; a continuous, unbroken stretch or spell of ploughing, carting, etc., typically representing half a day's work.In early use only as part of fuller phrases, as a yoking of a plough, a yoking of one's plough.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > spell of work or duty > spell of work of specific kind

yoking1516

wood-spell1864

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > spell of ploughing

yoking1516

yoke1766

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment

plough-tail?1523

threaving1768

rounds1795

tut1800

yoking1812

bush-work1830

stoop labour1943

1516 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 54^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking For the vrangus haldin fra [hym] of xii d. for ane ȝoking of ane pleuchis.

1562–3 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 20 Feb. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking, Ȝocking xij d. for the maill of thre riggis land And tua ȝockingis of his pleuch or than the price thairfor as pleuchis presentlie gettis.

1611 in Marquis of Bute & C. M. Armet Minute Bks. Burgh Kirkcudbright (1968) II. 87 Absoluis William Clerk..fra..tua ȝokingis of a pleuche as dettour for vmquhill Richie Smith and his vyfen.

1676 W. Cunningham Diary 14 Mar. (1887) 10 I promised him two yoaking of land tilling this year.

1707 W. Cunningham Diary 24 Oct. (1887) 27 Note of the small duties payable by my tenants;—Archibald Arthur.—A yolking of land, & tilling, & 12 fowls. James Black, in Locherside.—A yoaking of land tilling, 6 days' horse service, 3 days' shearing & 12 fowls.

1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) i. xv. 127 An acre was plowed at one yoking.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 325 When I..first cou'd thresh the barn, Or haud a yokin at the pleugh.

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. ii. 124 The work-horses also go two journeys or yokings in the day.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 691 Colts..will soon submit to work, and become harmless in the course of a few short yokings.

1908 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 20 220 When the turnip crop is laid down they [sc. horses] go to the grass again for the summer, unless for a few yokings during harvest in a reaper.

1971 Dundee Courier 6 Jan. The feeds we yist tae hae efter a hard yokin'.

1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin xiv. 137 Beholden..he was..for a yoking or two of a Clydesdale pair and a plough..for most of the cultivation.

b. Scottish and Irish English (northern). An unbroken period spent in any activity; a stretch, a session.

ΚΠ

1704 in H. Paton Penninghame Parish Rec. (1933) I. 144 Janet M'Gioch said to her, What a yocking it was that ye and Alexander Wither wrought that night quherin William Thomson was married.

1786 R. Burns Poems 196 At length we had a hearty yokin, At sang about.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 167 Sitting amang the wat moss-hags for four hours at a yoking.

1882 A. J. Cupples Mem. Mrs. Valentine vi. 88 ‘A double yoking’, as was the phrase for a service when two successive sermons were preached without any mid-day interval.

1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 203 One ‘yoking’ [of Sunday School attendance] might have been sufficient for young folk.

1925 A. Murison Rosehearty Rhymes 27 Could heaven hae ta'en sae mony in At ae short yokin'?

1993 Glasgow Herald (Nexis) 30 Mar. 10 He launched a torrent of stereotyped drivel about farmers, a breed of people whose daily darg would have killed off the pair of us after a single yokin'.

2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 24 Mar. 20 An Ulster friend called to my house the other night and invited me to have a drink with him. ‘You need a break,’ he said to me, ‘you've had a long yokin.’

3. The action of coupling draught animals together with a yoke, or of attaching a draught animal to a plough, cart, etc. Also with up.In quot. 1541 currency of this sense is apparently implied in an analysis of sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > yoking or unyoking

yoking1572

unyoking1667

outspan1821

inyoking1842

spanning1874

inspan1879

inspanning1879

1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Christen State Matrimonye f. iii^v The latinistes call it [sc. wedlok] coniugium, a ioyning or yoking together, like as whan two oxen are coupled vnder one yoke.]

1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) at Bacchus He firste inuented yoking of Oxen in the plough.

1603 H. Clapham Three Partes Salomon Song of Songs Expounded iii. xxix. 263 The yoking of an Oxe and Asse together.

1617 W. Lesk Sermon 36 Yoking presupposeth an intention in the owner, to lay more vpon the beasts then otherwise conueniently they could be brought to beare.

1647 S. Rutherford Christ Dying ii. 257 The bullock is most unruly at the first yoking.

1697 L. Meager Myst. Husb. iv. 11 This kind of Yoaking is better liked of many, than to be yoaked by the Horns.

?1757 R. Bull Direct. Managing Iron-plow 8 By this method of yoking, it will be found in practice, that two horses will have a greater effect upon the plow, than three horses.

1794 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Southern Districts Perth 40 Even the yoking of two horses in one cart is disapproved of.

1819 Amer. Farmer 17 Dec. 300/1 The American mode of yoking is open to many and very substantial objections.

1859 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 8 Jan. 79/3 ‘Yoking up’ the first time is exciting and dangerous work, and is in most cases attended with difficulty.

1881 A. C. Grant Bush-life in Queensland I. iv. 39 They passed camp after camp of bullock-drags, the drivers and assistants all busy in yoking-up for the day.

1920 R. Curle Wanderings vii. 89 The maize-mill would wake me and the yoking-up of oxen distract my thoughts.

1982 C. von Fürer-Haimendorf Tribes India ii. 76 The yoking of bullocks to the plough was new to them.

2002 Amer. Cowboy May 79/1 Yoking and hitching wasn't as much of a chore with trained animals as it was with unbroken beasts.

†4. Scottish. A military engagement or encounter; a battle, a fight. Also: a verbal clash or assault; a quarrel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action

turnc1230

heatc1380

touch1481

pluck?1499

push?1560

bout1575

yoking1594

pull1667

tirl1718

innings1772

go1784

gamble1785

pop1839

run1864

gang1879

inning1885

shot1939

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun]

i-winc888

wrestlingc890

fightc1000

flitec1000

teenOE

winOE

ungrithlOE

wara1200

cockingc1225

strife?c1225

strivingc1275

struta1300

barratc1300

thro1303

battlec1375

contentionc1384

tuggingc1440

militationa1460

sturtc1480

bargain1487

bargaining1489

distrifea1500

concertation1509

hold1523

conflict1531

ruffle1532

tangling1535

scamblingc1538

tuilyie1550

bustling1553

tilt1567

ruffling1570

wresting1570

certationc1572

pinglinga1578

reluctation1593

combating1594

yoking1594

bandying1599

tention1602

contrast1609

colluctation1611

contestationa1616

dimication1623

rixation1623

colluctance1625

decertation1635

conflicting1640

contrasto1645

dispute1647

luctation1651

contest1665

stickle1665

contra-colluctation1674

contrasting1688

struggle1706

yed1719

widdle1789

scrambling1792

cut and thrust1846

headbutting1869

push-and-pull1881

contending1882

thrust and parry1889

aggro1973

1594 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1936) XI. 456 [John Torrie, servant boy to James Carr..saw Argyle and Huntly's] yokinge.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 177 Seuerus at the first ȝoking [L. congressu] slewe of Albion xx thousand.

a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) 316 This fight was called the Lowsie-Law... It was the first yoking or bickering they had.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxvii. 294 Three yokings laid him by.

1651 A. Johnston Diary (1919) II. 84 I heard theirafter of great shooting of canon and musket..which was aprehended to be the yoking of the airmyes.

1688 in H. Paton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1932) 3rd Ser. XIII. 299 The rebells..ly presently in our sight. Iff the water war passable I belive ther would shortly bee a yocking.

1804 R. Couper Poetry II. 229 A bonny yokin we'se hae o't, Atween us twa.

1837 Wilson's Hist. Tales Borders III. 277 They had a tremendous yokin—a' aboot the rebels.

1837 Tait's Mag. Sept. 573 Ye ne'er wi' messin pups could 'gree, And, when their yokins thou could see, Thou skailt the byke.

1843 W. Fergusson in Whistle-Binkie 5th Ser. 118 In my life I ne'er gat sic a yokin'.

1888 Archie Macnab 88 I sat doon by his snug fire, ill prepared for the yoken I then got.

†5. The action or fact of placing under restraint or subjection; restriction, subjugation. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun]

subduingc1450

subjugationa1456

subdue1483

subjecting1585

overwielding1597

subordinatinga1600

yoking1602

vassalizing1607

subduement1609

captivating1623

subdual1641

envassaling1642

envassalage1652

subjuging1660

subduction1670

1602 W. Burton Anat. Belial in 10 Serm. 141 The yoking of a Christian, Dauid calleth a waining of the soule: to shew, that we long after libertie, as the child doth after the breast.

1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea 248 The yoking & hampering and restraining of mans natural disposition.

1615 R. Rogers Comm. Bk. Judges xxxii. 253 But to flesh and pride our selues in the yoking and subduing of our enemies, this were no better then the act of Adonibezek.

1689 N. Bacon Hist. & Polit. Disc. Laws & Govt. Eng. xv. 28 A second Errour was the yoking of the Bishops power under that of the Synods.

II. Concrete uses.

†6. Scottish and English regional (northern). A unit of area of arable land; a ploughed strip a few yards wide. Cf. yoke n. 9. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > a strip of specific measurements

rod1449

yoking1533

brede1677

1533 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 287^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking For schadyne of tham of nechbovreret to the avayll of vii ȝokenys.

1587 Will of Richard Preston in J. P. Earwaker Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1893) 147 In plowyng of syx and twentye yockynge of land.

1629 Stewartry Court Bk. Monteith 29 July Anent xvii ȝoking of land..on teillat be him quhilk he suld haif done.

1757 I. Fletcher Diary 13 Mar. (1994) 29 Ploughing in the afternoon & sew a yoaking of barley.

1814 W. Greaves Treat. Nat. & Pract. Agric. 40 To remedy this evil I would recommend..if your land is wet and low, to make the yokings about three or four yards wide.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (at cited word) Broad ‘lands’ in a ploughed field sixteen yards in width are called yockings.

7. English regional (Derbyshire). Mining. Now historical. Each of the (typically four) pieces of wood joined together to support the stowces (windlass) at a working; (more widely) the whole structure supported by these, serving as a mark of possession of the working. Usually in plural. Compare earlier yoke v.¹ 8.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > pit supports

yoking1653

set1830

crib1839

tub1839

wedging crib1839

cribbing1841

ring crib1849

tack1849

tymp1883

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support

crown tree1449

punch1462

prop1613

slider1653

sole1653

yoking1653

stow-blade1681

pit-bar1708

fork1747

head tree1747

studdle1758

lock piece1778

pit-prop1794

puncheon1815

stow-fork1824

plank tubbing1839

sprag1841

gib1847

chock1853

Tom1858

bratticing1866

pack1867

breastboard1877

brattice1881

wall-plate1881

strap1883

stretcher1883

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary > forming or marking boundary > with stakes > materials used in

string1658

yoking1802

1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 14 If that the Stowes be pinned and well wrought With yokings, sole-trees.

1664 in T. Tapping Manlove's Customs Lead Mines (1851) Gloss. 33 If there be any miner..that has any grove or meer of ground in the mines, he or they shall keep the same in lawful possession both stosed and yoked,..we mean one pair of stoses and one yoking of timber in all men's sight.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Tjb In Sinking with Square Wood or Yokings.

1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. Yokings, pieces of wood ascertaining possession.

1998 J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms Timber. Sometimes used in a very loose sense to describe either possession stows..or just for the yokings to which these stows were attached.

†8. Scottish and U.S. In plural. The straps and fittings by which a draught animal is fastened to a cart, plough, etc.; a harness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal

harness1303

plough harnessc1390

geara1400

draught1483

van harness1823

trave harness1839

yoking1873

hitch1876

trace-harness1885

1873 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 579 ‘Do your horses bear yokings?’ asked Trick... ‘We have often used them for driving, but we have no harness,’ was the answer.

1901 N. Munro Shoes of Fortune xix. 166 The yokings of the cattle, the boynes, stoups, carts, and ploughs about the places altogether different from our own.

Compounds

General attributive (chiefly in sense 3), as yoking apparatus, yoking gear, yoking time, etc.

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 65 The saluage women feele the force of Venus yoaking band [L. iugum].

1839 Prize-ess. & Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 12 267 In that system, the horses pulled also against each other; the draft-chains being passed over pulleys, to bring them to the yoking point.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1176 The yoking-geer of the shafts.

1869 J. W. Chisholm Rep. Land Revenue Settlement Belaspore District iv. 68 Running transversely to the yoking pole, is a thick circular beam about 4 feet long.

1885 G. A. Grierson Bihar Peas. Life 49 The yoking apparatus.

1912 J. Bryce Story of Ploughboy ii. 10 By this it was yoking-time.

1914 C. R. Kennedy Idol-breaker 12 Cartwheels and the yoking gear of cattle.

1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles xl. 325 This yoking method involved a problem of braking, for the traces would not keep a wagon from running into the team on downhill slopes.

1991 D. H. Owen in E. Miller Agrarian Hist. Eng. & Wales III. iii. 252 The ox-driver..was expected to provide the yoking equipment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	yoking
释义	yokingn.¹ Brit. /ˈjəʊkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈjoʊkɪŋ/ Forms: see yoke v.¹ and -ing suffix¹.; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝokenys (plural), pre-1700 ȝwkking, pre-1700 yokeine, pre-1700 yokenies (plural), 1700s yokeing; also Irish English 1900s– yokkin. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: yoke v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < yoke v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.With use with reference to land measurement in northern England and southern Scotland (see sense 6) compare the earlier and apparently independently-formed yokelet n., formerly used in Kent, and also yoke n. 9, which is attested in Kent as well as in northern England and Scotland (compare e.g. quot. 1516 at yoke n. 9). I. The action of yoke v.¹ and related uses. 1. †a. The condition of being joined together; an instance of this. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > fact or act of being coupled or coupling together couplingc1340 copulationc1400 yoking?a1425 couplement1548 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 12 (MED) Of þe neþer cheke forsoþ þe bone..in þe extremiteez it haþ iugalitee, i. ȝoking [?c1425 Paris a ȝokkynge togedre; L. iugalitatem], sette about toward þe muscle of þe temple. b. The joining of two people, esp. in marriage. Also: the result of this; a marriage. Now chiefly in religious contexts.In unequal yoking with allusion to 2 Corinthians 6:14: see note at yoked adj. 2. ΘΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > [noun] > connecting by marriage yoking1531 matching1625 1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities iv. f. 68^v For assone as she doth yoke her selfe by promyse vnto the man and he to her agayne: then this promys of bothe sydes taketh the name of yokinge or maryage [L. coniugij]. 1630 R. Byfield Light of Faith xxvi. 219 Much more should we shunne all vnequall yoking with them [sc. infidels], by marriage, leagues of amity, contracts of friendship, and the like. 1728 N. Markwick Calculation LXX Weeks Daniel 151 Jews..have not..married at any time, with either Christian, Mahometan, or Pagan Women; the doing of which would be unequal Yoking. 1825 W. Thompson Appeal One Half Human Race, Women, against Men ii. ii. 102 Pecuniary, ambitious, temporary animal appetency of old dotards and young fools..lead to those..wretched, yokings together, called marriages. 1920 G. Sargant Winding Track xxvi. 232 Snowy was full of his tricky humor. ‘Who is the parson that is going to do the yoking?’ 1968 Rev. & Herald (Seventh-day Adventist Church) 25 July 10/2 It is the willingness to pull together that characterizes true yoking. 2002 C. E. Hayes Gentile Impurities & Jewish Identities v. 101 Paul has forbidden the unequal yoking of Christian and unbeliever... Christian women who marry heathen men are no longer temples of the living God. c. The joining of two or more (often conflicting or contrasting) things in a close relationship. Also: an instance of this; a connection, association. Frequently in yoking together. Cf. yoke v.¹ 6. Π 1588 G. Withers View Marginal Notes Popish Test. 260 Your yoking of Gods law with those..additions called Deuteroses, sheweth your..base estimation of Gods word. 1657 H. Ainsworth Art Logick 78 The Conjugation, συζυγία, or yoking together of words, is a depending of words yoked together. 1835 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 457 Who can refrain from a smile, at the yoking together of such a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdroeckh? 1884 W. James Let. 30 Sept. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 697 My yoking of Renan with Zola may sound lacking in delicacy to French ears. 1918 in T. E. Finegan Township Syst. (1921) 281 They believe that this law provides for a yoking of diverse interests. 1957 H. Levin Contexts of Crit. 226 That yoking of opposites which has come to be regarded as the essence of Metaphysical style. 2002 Time Out 2 Jan. 159/1 This arbitrary yoking together on the vaguest pretext means the programme feels broken-backed and disjointed. 2. a. Scottish and English regional (northern). A period during which a draught animal is yoked and at work with a plough, cart, etc.; a continuous, unbroken stretch or spell of ploughing, carting, etc., typically representing half a day's work.In early use only as part of fuller phrases, as a yoking of a plough, a yoking of one's plough. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > spell of work or duty > spell of work of specific kind yoking1516 wood-spell1864 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > spell of ploughing yoking1516 yoke1766 the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment plough-tail?1523 threaving1768 rounds1795 tut1800 yoking1812 bush-work1830 stoop labour1943 1516 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 54^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking For the vrangus haldin fra [hym] of xii d. for ane ȝoking of ane pleuchis. 1562–3 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 20 Feb. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking, Ȝocking xij d. for the maill of thre riggis land And tua ȝockingis of his pleuch or than the price thairfor as pleuchis presentlie gettis. 1611 in Marquis of Bute & C. M. Armet Minute Bks. Burgh Kirkcudbright (1968) II. 87 Absoluis William Clerk..fra..tua ȝokingis of a pleuche as dettour for vmquhill Richie Smith and his vyfen. 1676 W. Cunningham Diary 14 Mar. (1887) 10 I promised him two yoaking of land tilling this year. 1707 W. Cunningham Diary 24 Oct. (1887) 27 Note of the small duties payable by my tenants;—Archibald Arthur.—A yolking of land, & tilling, & 12 fowls. James Black, in Locherside.—A yoaking of land tilling, 6 days' horse service, 3 days' shearing & 12 fowls. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) i. xv. 127 An acre was plowed at one yoking. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 325 When I..first cou'd thresh the barn, Or haud a yokin at the pleugh. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. ii. 124 The work-horses also go two journeys or yokings in the day. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 691 Colts..will soon submit to work, and become harmless in the course of a few short yokings. 1908 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 20 220 When the turnip crop is laid down they [sc. horses] go to the grass again for the summer, unless for a few yokings during harvest in a reaper. 1971 Dundee Courier 6 Jan. The feeds we yist tae hae efter a hard yokin'. 1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin xiv. 137 Beholden..he was..for a yoking or two of a Clydesdale pair and a plough..for most of the cultivation. b. Scottish and Irish English (northern). An unbroken period spent in any activity; a stretch, a session. ΚΠ 1704 in H. Paton Penninghame Parish Rec. (1933) I. 144 Janet M'Gioch said to her, What a yocking it was that ye and Alexander Wither wrought that night quherin William Thomson was married. 1786 R. Burns Poems 196 At length we had a hearty yokin, At sang about. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 167 Sitting amang the wat moss-hags for four hours at a yoking. 1882 A. J. Cupples Mem. Mrs. Valentine vi. 88 ‘A double yoking’, as was the phrase for a service when two successive sermons were preached without any mid-day interval. 1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 203 One ‘yoking’ [of Sunday School attendance] might have been sufficient for young folk. 1925 A. Murison Rosehearty Rhymes 27 Could heaven hae ta'en sae mony in At ae short yokin'? 1993 Glasgow Herald (Nexis) 30 Mar. 10 He launched a torrent of stereotyped drivel about farmers, a breed of people whose daily darg would have killed off the pair of us after a single yokin'. 2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 24 Mar. 20 An Ulster friend called to my house the other night and invited me to have a drink with him. ‘You need a break,’ he said to me, ‘you've had a long yokin.’ 3. The action of coupling draught animals together with a yoke, or of attaching a draught animal to a plough, cart, etc. Also with up.In quot. 1541 currency of this sense is apparently implied in an analysis of sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > yoke > yoking or unyoking yoking1572 unyoking1667 outspan1821 inyoking1842 spanning1874 inspan1879 inspanning1879 1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Christen State Matrimonye f. iii^v The latinistes call it [sc. wedlok] coniugium, a ioyning or yoking together, like as whan two oxen are coupled vnder one yoke.] 1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) at Bacchus He firste inuented yoking of Oxen in the plough. 1603 H. Clapham Three Partes Salomon Song of Songs Expounded iii. xxix. 263 The yoking of an Oxe and Asse together. 1617 W. Lesk Sermon 36 Yoking presupposeth an intention in the owner, to lay more vpon the beasts then otherwise conueniently they could be brought to beare. 1647 S. Rutherford Christ Dying ii. 257 The bullock is most unruly at the first yoking. 1697 L. Meager Myst. Husb. iv. 11 This kind of Yoaking is better liked of many, than to be yoaked by the Horns. ?1757 R. Bull Direct. Managing Iron-plow 8 By this method of yoking, it will be found in practice, that two horses will have a greater effect upon the plow, than three horses. 1794 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Southern Districts Perth 40 Even the yoking of two horses in one cart is disapproved of. 1819 Amer. Farmer 17 Dec. 300/1 The American mode of yoking is open to many and very substantial objections. 1859 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 8 Jan. 79/3 ‘Yoking up’ the first time is exciting and dangerous work, and is in most cases attended with difficulty. 1881 A. C. Grant Bush-life in Queensland I. iv. 39 They passed camp after camp of bullock-drags, the drivers and assistants all busy in yoking-up for the day. 1920 R. Curle Wanderings vii. 89 The maize-mill would wake me and the yoking-up of oxen distract my thoughts. 1982 C. von Fürer-Haimendorf Tribes India ii. 76 The yoking of bullocks to the plough was new to them. 2002 Amer. Cowboy May 79/1 Yoking and hitching wasn't as much of a chore with trained animals as it was with unbroken beasts. †4. Scottish. A military engagement or encounter; a battle, a fight. Also: a verbal clash or assault; a quarrel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action turnc1230 heatc1380 touch1481 pluck?1499 push?1560 bout1575 yoking1594 pull1667 tirl1718 innings1772 go1784 gamble1785 pop1839 run1864 gang1879 inning1885 shot1939 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] i-winc888 wrestlingc890 fightc1000 flitec1000 teenOE winOE ungrithlOE wara1200 cockingc1225 strife?c1225 strivingc1275 struta1300 barratc1300 thro1303 battlec1375 contentionc1384 tuggingc1440 militationa1460 sturtc1480 bargain1487 bargaining1489 distrifea1500 concertation1509 hold1523 conflict1531 ruffle1532 tangling1535 scamblingc1538 tuilyie1550 bustling1553 tilt1567 ruffling1570 wresting1570 certationc1572 pinglinga1578 reluctation1593 combating1594 yoking1594 bandying1599 tention1602 contrast1609 colluctation1611 contestationa1616 dimication1623 rixation1623 colluctance1625 decertation1635 conflicting1640 contrasto1645 dispute1647 luctation1651 contest1665 stickle1665 contra-colluctation1674 contrasting1688 struggle1706 yed1719 widdle1789 scrambling1792 cut and thrust1846 headbutting1869 push-and-pull1881 contending1882 thrust and parry1889 aggro1973 1594 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1936) XI. 456 [John Torrie, servant boy to James Carr..saw Argyle and Huntly's] yokinge. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 177 Seuerus at the first ȝoking [L. congressu] slewe of Albion xx thousand. a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) 316 This fight was called the Lowsie-Law... It was the first yoking or bickering they had. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxvii. 294 Three yokings laid him by. 1651 A. Johnston Diary (1919) II. 84 I heard theirafter of great shooting of canon and musket..which was aprehended to be the yoking of the airmyes. 1688 in H. Paton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1932) 3rd Ser. XIII. 299 The rebells..ly presently in our sight. Iff the water war passable I belive ther would shortly bee a yocking. 1804 R. Couper Poetry II. 229 A bonny yokin we'se hae o't, Atween us twa. 1837 Wilson's Hist. Tales Borders III. 277 They had a tremendous yokin—a' aboot the rebels. 1837 Tait's Mag. Sept. 573 Ye ne'er wi' messin pups could 'gree, And, when their yokins thou could see, Thou skailt the byke. 1843 W. Fergusson in Whistle-Binkie 5th Ser. 118 In my life I ne'er gat sic a yokin'. 1888 Archie Macnab 88 I sat doon by his snug fire, ill prepared for the yoken I then got. †5. The action or fact of placing under restraint or subjection; restriction, subjugation. Obsolete. ΘΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] subduingc1450 subjugationa1456 subdue1483 subjecting1585 overwielding1597 subordinatinga1600 yoking1602 vassalizing1607 subduement1609 captivating1623 subdual1641 envassaling1642 envassalage1652 subjuging1660 subduction1670 1602 W. Burton Anat. Belial in 10 Serm. 141 The yoking of a Christian, Dauid calleth a waining of the soule: to shew, that we long after libertie, as the child doth after the breast. 1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea 248 The yoking & hampering and restraining of mans natural disposition. 1615 R. Rogers Comm. Bk. Judges xxxii. 253 But to flesh and pride our selues in the yoking and subduing of our enemies, this were no better then the act of Adonibezek. 1689 N. Bacon Hist. & Polit. Disc. Laws & Govt. Eng. xv. 28 A second Errour was the yoking of the Bishops power under that of the Synods. II. Concrete uses. †6. Scottish and English regional (northern). A unit of area of arable land; a ploughed strip a few yards wide. Cf. yoke n. 9. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > a strip of specific measurements rod1449 yoking1533 brede1677 1533 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 287^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Ȝoking For schadyne of tham of nechbovreret to the avayll of vii ȝokenys. 1587 Will of Richard Preston in J. P. Earwaker Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1893) 147 In plowyng of syx and twentye yockynge of land. 1629 Stewartry Court Bk. Monteith 29 July Anent xvii ȝoking of land..on teillat be him quhilk he suld haif done. 1757 I. Fletcher Diary 13 Mar. (1994) 29 Ploughing in the afternoon & sew a yoaking of barley. 1814 W. Greaves Treat. Nat. & Pract. Agric. 40 To remedy this evil I would recommend..if your land is wet and low, to make the yokings about three or four yards wide. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (at cited word) Broad ‘lands’ in a ploughed field sixteen yards in width are called yockings. 7. English regional (Derbyshire). Mining. Now historical. Each of the (typically four) pieces of wood joined together to support the stowces (windlass) at a working; (more widely) the whole structure supported by these, serving as a mark of possession of the working. Usually in plural. Compare earlier yoke v.¹ 8. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > pit supports yoking1653 set1830 crib1839 tub1839 wedging crib1839 cribbing1841 ring crib1849 tack1849 tymp1883 society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support crown tree1449 punch1462 prop1613 slider1653 sole1653 yoking1653 stow-blade1681 pit-bar1708 fork1747 head tree1747 studdle1758 lock piece1778 pit-prop1794 puncheon1815 stow-fork1824 plank tubbing1839 sprag1841 gib1847 chock1853 Tom1858 bratticing1866 pack1867 breastboard1877 brattice1881 wall-plate1881 strap1883 stretcher1883 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary > forming or marking boundary > with stakes > materials used in string1658 yoking1802 1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 14 If that the Stowes be pinned and well wrought With yokings, sole-trees. 1664 in T. Tapping Manlove's Customs Lead Mines (1851) Gloss. 33 If there be any miner..that has any grove or meer of ground in the mines, he or they shall keep the same in lawful possession both stosed and yoked,..we mean one pair of stoses and one yoking of timber in all men's sight. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Tjb In Sinking with Square Wood or Yokings. 1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. Yokings, pieces of wood ascertaining possession. 1998 J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms Timber. Sometimes used in a very loose sense to describe either possession stows..or just for the yokings to which these stows were attached. †8. Scottish and U.S. In plural. The straps and fittings by which a draught animal is fastened to a cart, plough, etc.; a harness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal harness1303 plough harnessc1390 geara1400 draught1483 van harness1823 trave harness1839 yoking1873 hitch1876 trace-harness1885 1873 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 579 ‘Do your horses bear yokings?’ asked Trick... ‘We have often used them for driving, but we have no harness,’ was the answer. 1901 N. Munro Shoes of Fortune xix. 166 The yokings of the cattle, the boynes, stoups, carts, and ploughs about the places altogether different from our own. Compounds General attributive (chiefly in sense 3), as yoking apparatus, yoking gear, yoking time, etc. Π 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 65 The saluage women feele the force of Venus yoaking band [L. iugum]. 1839 Prize-ess. & Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 12 267 In that system, the horses pulled also against each other; the draft-chains being passed over pulleys, to bring them to the yoking point. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1176 The yoking-geer of the shafts. 1869 J. W. Chisholm Rep. Land Revenue Settlement Belaspore District iv. 68 Running transversely to the yoking pole, is a thick circular beam about 4 feet long. 1885 G. A. Grierson Bihar Peas. Life 49 The yoking apparatus. 1912 J. Bryce Story of Ploughboy ii. 10 By this it was yoking-time. 1914 C. R. Kennedy Idol-breaker 12 Cartwheels and the yoking gear of cattle. 1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles xl. 325 This yoking method involved a problem of braking, for the traces would not keep a wagon from running into the team on downhill slopes. 1991 D. H. Owen in E. Miller Agrarian Hist. Eng. & Wales III. iii. 252 The ox-driver..was expected to provide the yoking equipment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † yokingn.² Forms: 1500s yelkyng, 1500s–1600s yelking, 1600s yoaking, 1600s yolking, 1700s yeking (English regional (northern)), 1700s yoking (English regional (northern)). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: yoke v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < yoke v.² + -ing suffix¹.Earlier currency is perhaps shown by the late Middle English form ȝokynge at yesking n. Forms; however, this is more likely to show a scribal error (see discussion at that entry). Obsolete. The action or fact of hiccuping or retching. Cf. yoke v.² ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > retching bolking1398 yoking1527 heavea1571 strain1590 reaching1601 straining1613 kecking1709 reach1736 retch1768 retching1771 vomiturition1842 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Hij^v The same dronke in the maner aforesayd is good for the yelkyng [Ger. cluxen], named Singultus. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xi. 92 When yelking is caused of fulnes, vomiting is the best remedie. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 341 Thirst, Yawning, Yolking, Casting, Shiuering, Shaking. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 191 A yelking which followeth vomiting. 1686 True Acct. Strange & Wonderful Relation J. Tonken 2 Soon after the Lad was taken with fits of striving, or yoaking, insomuch, that two Men could scarce hold him, and after several fits, he brought up three Pins, and half a Walnut-shell. a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (Lansd. 1033) f. 477/1 Yeking or Yoking. In the North a Hiccop. The word is more particularly applied to the short cough of a sheep, as the sheep yekes or yokes, or has a yeking or yoking. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † yokingadj.¹ Forms: 1500s yolkinge. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: yoke v.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < yoke v.² + -ing suffix². Obsolete. rare. Characterized by yoking (yoking n.²); hiccuping. ΚΠ 1585 S. Forman Argument betwen Forman & Deathe (Bodl. MS Ashm. 208) f. 237^v Whose vgly locks and yolkinge voice Did make all men a feard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020). yokingadj.² Brit. /ˈjəʊkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈjoʊkɪŋ/ Forms: see yoke v.¹ and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: yoke v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < yoke v.¹ + -ing suffix². Now rare. That yokes (in various senses of yoke v.¹).In quot. 1770 perhaps: fitted with a yoke, in the yoke. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [adjective] clippinga1586 yoking1593 clasping1717 hugging1841 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > [adjective] > marrying yoking1593 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adjective] > as partners > associating as partners yoking1593 mother–daughter1913 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adjective] > coupled or yoked together > yoking together yoking1593 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. E And on his neck her yoaking armes she throwes. View more context for this quotation a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1652) v. 65 To..precipitately submit their necks to the yoking Cittadels of Spain. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 37* What can be more..disparaging to the cov'nant of love..then to bee made the yoaking pedagogue of new severities. 1770 G. Smith Six Pastorals i. 2 Already o'er yon hill the sun appears, And thro' the fruit-trees gilds the yoking steers. 2014 Daily Rec. (Nexis) 27 Sept. 15 This was exactly the sort of yoking experience the country needed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹?a1425n.²1527adj.¹1585adj.²1593
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yokingn.1

Compounds

† yokingn.2

† yokingadj.1

yokingadj.2

yokingn.¹

† yokingn.²

† yokingadj.¹

yokingadj.²