adoben.

Brit.

/əˈdəʊbi/, U.S.

/əˈdoʊbi/

Forms:

α. 1700s– adobe; U.S. regional (chiefly south-western) and nonstandard 1800s adobey, 1800s adobi, 1800s– adobie, 1800s– adoby.

β. 1800s adaube.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish adobe.

Etymology: < Spanish adobe unburnt brick dried in the sun (13th cent.; 1157 as †adove , but earlier currency is implied by the derivative adobera ‘place where such bricks are made, mould used to make such bricks’ (1062 as †adovera )) < Arabic al-ṭūb < al- the + ṭūb brick ( < Coptic tōb < ancient Egyptian tb < Dbt ). Compare later dobe n. The use in senses 3 and 2 is apparently unparalleled in Spanish.In form adaube apparently by folk-etymological association with daub v. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation (ădō^u·b) /əˈdəʊb/, which perhaps reflects influence from French adobe (1868; < Spanish).

1. A brick made of sand and clay mixed with water and an organic material such as straw, and left to dry in the sun.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > earth > [noun] > mud-brick

adobe1748

mud-brick1810

dobe1838

1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima iii. 268 Adobes, that is, large Bricks, about two Feet long.

1762 Amer. Gazetteer III. at Quito The materials made use of in building at Quito, are adobes, or unburnt bricks, and clay.

1841 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Central Amer. I. xviii. 383 The houses in Costa Rica are..built of adobes, or undried bricks, two feet long and one broad, made of clay mixed with straw to give adhesion.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxiii. 454 In place of the grand mud-colored brown fronts of San Francisco, I saw dwellings built of straw, adobies, and cream-colored pebble- and-shell conglomerate coral.

1954 E. H. Spicer Potam i. 12 Here and there throughout the village..there is a house made of adobes, but by far the majority are made of the native cane.

2008 L. Sanchez & A. Sanchez Adobe Houses for Today ii. 45 Traditionally, adobes are made by digging sand and clay soils, mixing them with water (and recently, emulsifiers), pouring the mix into ladder-shaped forms and letting the adobes dry in the sun.

2. Clay used for making such bricks, or as a building material; (Geology) a fine-grained silty clay of the kind found in the playas of the southwestern United States and in Central America; a clay soil derived from this material.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > suitable for bricks

brick clay1688

Windsor loam1747

pot earth1766

brick earth1816

adobe1826

dobe1838

doughboy1856

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > clay > [noun] > for making bricks

brick earth1640

brick clay1688

Windsor loam1747

adobe1826

1826 J. Miers Trav. in Chile & La Plata I. ii. 132 In this province, owing to the nature of the soil, both adobe buildings and rammed walls quickly disintegrate and tumble to pieces.

1856 G. H. Derby Phoenixiana (1859) xix. 133 We have..Indians employed..in mixing adobe for the type moulds.

1881 Hist. Napa & Lake Counties 229 In Browns Valley the soil is adobe, having been formed by the decomposition of limestone, but there is enough sand mixed with it to make the adobe light and friable.

1889 I. C. Russell in Geol. Mag. July 291 A peculiar calcareous clay which is used..for the manufacture of sun-dried bricks, known by the Spanish name ‘adobe’. The earth from which these bricks are made is also designated by the same name. We have therefore adopted it..as a convenient term by which to designate the fine subaërial accumulations in general, exclusive of eolian sands.

1902 W. A. E. Ussher & J. J. H. Teall Geol. Country around Exeter 108 Until recently the clayey soils..were used in the building of cottages, outhouses, and walls. The clay was mixed with straw and ‘rammed into a boarded framework..’. The adobe thus formed is termed ‘cob’.

1913 Z. Grey Desert Gold iv. 75 The house and several outbuildings were constructed of adobe, which..retained the summer heat on into winter.

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. ii. xiii. 269 In the semi-arid regions of the western States and in the Mississippi valley there are thick deposits of adobe which correspond in all essentials to the loess of Europe and Asia.

1991 Atlantic Nov. 122/1 The house was sprawling, single-story, made of stone and adobe.

2001 G. Taylor & R. A. Eggleton Regolith Geol. & Geomorphol. i. 2 (table) Aeolian deposits: Wind-blown material, sand dunes, adobe and loess, in part.

3. U.S. A building made of these bricks, or of the clay from which they are formed (cf. sense 2).The use of the word to describe buildings constructed of unbaked clay is particularly associated with the southwestern United States, and Central and South America.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [noun]

framec1425

staddlec1563

sided1602

brick house1608

dobe1838

brick1844

adobe1852

shell1852

cinderblock1868

tin chapel1884

brick veneer1885

red brick1892

gambrel1917

weatherboard1925

Terrapin1949

Portakabin1963

1852 W. B. Dewees & ‘C. Cardelle’ Lett. from Early Settler Texas 21 The remainder of the buildings are adobes.

1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 25 The adobe at one moment seemed near, and the next very far off.

1898 F. Remington Crooked Trails 25 A little broken adobe.

1948 Pop. Western 44/1 In the squat, thick-walled adobe, he lighted a reflector wall lamp.

2007 K. M. Holtzclaw & P. Christian San Timoteo Canyon i. 13 (caption) For years, Lewis and his family lived in an adobe that was located in the rear of this more-modern house.

Compounds

General attributive, esp. with the sense ‘made of adobe’.

ΚΠ

1826Adobe building [see sense 2].

1841 T. J. Farnham Trav. Great Western Prairies 136 We spent the 2d and 3d most agreeably with Mr. Walker in his hospitable adobie castle.

1858 Official Rep. Fourth Ann. Fair (Calif. State Agric. Soc.) 36 His garden is..the only one in the city where the principle of deep trenching has been carried out—the only true system for the perfect preparation of the adobe soil.

1879 F. S. Bridges Round World in Six Months 12 He..has a nice little adobi house.

1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 29 333 The skeleton..was discovered about three metres from the surface in an adobe deposit.

1917 Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. iii. 22 Adobe mud is really peculiar to the border country and Mexico.

1951 R. Bradbury Illustr. Man (1952) 123 Newer and better fireworks..banged against adobe café walls.

1989 D. Pearson Nat. House Bk. ii. iv. 145 Sun-baked adobe bricks..have been used for centuries in Indian pueblos.

2009 New Yorker 21 Dec. 89/1 They build a library, a workshop, an adobe hut, and passive solar cabins.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	adobe
释义	adoben. Brit. /əˈdəʊbi/, U.S. /əˈdoʊbi/ Forms: α. 1700s– adobe; U.S. regional (chiefly south-western) and nonstandard 1800s adobey, 1800s adobi, 1800s– adobie, 1800s– adoby. β. 1800s adaube. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish adobe. Etymology: < Spanish adobe unburnt brick dried in the sun (13th cent.; 1157 as †adove , but earlier currency is implied by the derivative adobera ‘place where such bricks are made, mould used to make such bricks’ (1062 as †adovera )) < Arabic al-ṭūb < al- the + ṭūb brick ( < Coptic tōb < ancient Egyptian tb < Dbt ). Compare later dobe n. The use in senses 3 and 2 is apparently unparalleled in Spanish.In form adaube apparently by folk-etymological association with daub v. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation (ădō^u·b) /əˈdəʊb/, which perhaps reflects influence from French adobe (1868; < Spanish). 1. A brick made of sand and clay mixed with water and an organic material such as straw, and left to dry in the sun. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > earth > [noun] > mud-brick adobe1748 mud-brick1810 dobe1838 1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima iii. 268 Adobes, that is, large Bricks, about two Feet long. 1762 Amer. Gazetteer III. at Quito The materials made use of in building at Quito, are adobes, or unburnt bricks, and clay. 1841 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Central Amer. I. xviii. 383 The houses in Costa Rica are..built of adobes, or undried bricks, two feet long and one broad, made of clay mixed with straw to give adhesion. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxiii. 454 In place of the grand mud-colored brown fronts of San Francisco, I saw dwellings built of straw, adobies, and cream-colored pebble- and-shell conglomerate coral. 1954 E. H. Spicer Potam i. 12 Here and there throughout the village..there is a house made of adobes, but by far the majority are made of the native cane. 2008 L. Sanchez & A. Sanchez Adobe Houses for Today ii. 45 Traditionally, adobes are made by digging sand and clay soils, mixing them with water (and recently, emulsifiers), pouring the mix into ladder-shaped forms and letting the adobes dry in the sun. 2. Clay used for making such bricks, or as a building material; (Geology) a fine-grained silty clay of the kind found in the playas of the southwestern United States and in Central America; a clay soil derived from this material. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > suitable for bricks brick clay1688 Windsor loam1747 pot earth1766 brick earth1816 adobe1826 dobe1838 doughboy1856 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > clay > [noun] > for making bricks brick earth1640 brick clay1688 Windsor loam1747 adobe1826 1826 J. Miers Trav. in Chile & La Plata I. ii. 132 In this province, owing to the nature of the soil, both adobe buildings and rammed walls quickly disintegrate and tumble to pieces. 1856 G. H. Derby Phoenixiana (1859) xix. 133 We have..Indians employed..in mixing adobe for the type moulds. 1881 Hist. Napa & Lake Counties 229 In Browns Valley the soil is adobe, having been formed by the decomposition of limestone, but there is enough sand mixed with it to make the adobe light and friable. 1889 I. C. Russell in Geol. Mag. July 291 A peculiar calcareous clay which is used..for the manufacture of sun-dried bricks, known by the Spanish name ‘adobe’. The earth from which these bricks are made is also designated by the same name. We have therefore adopted it..as a convenient term by which to designate the fine subaërial accumulations in general, exclusive of eolian sands. 1902 W. A. E. Ussher & J. J. H. Teall Geol. Country around Exeter 108 Until recently the clayey soils..were used in the building of cottages, outhouses, and walls. The clay was mixed with straw and ‘rammed into a boarded framework..’. The adobe thus formed is termed ‘cob’. 1913 Z. Grey Desert Gold iv. 75 The house and several outbuildings were constructed of adobe, which..retained the summer heat on into winter. 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. ii. xiii. 269 In the semi-arid regions of the western States and in the Mississippi valley there are thick deposits of adobe which correspond in all essentials to the loess of Europe and Asia. 1991 Atlantic Nov. 122/1 The house was sprawling, single-story, made of stone and adobe. 2001 G. Taylor & R. A. Eggleton Regolith Geol. & Geomorphol. i. 2 (table) Aeolian deposits: Wind-blown material, sand dunes, adobe and loess, in part. 3. U.S. A building made of these bricks, or of the clay from which they are formed (cf. sense 2).The use of the word to describe buildings constructed of unbaked clay is particularly associated with the southwestern United States, and Central and South America. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [noun] framec1425 staddlec1563 sided1602 brick house1608 dobe1838 brick1844 adobe1852 shell1852 cinderblock1868 tin chapel1884 brick veneer1885 red brick1892 gambrel1917 weatherboard1925 Terrapin1949 Portakabin1963 1852 W. B. Dewees & ‘C. Cardelle’ Lett. from Early Settler Texas 21 The remainder of the buildings are adobes. 1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 25 The adobe at one moment seemed near, and the next very far off. 1898 F. Remington Crooked Trails 25 A little broken adobe. 1948 Pop. Western 44/1 In the squat, thick-walled adobe, he lighted a reflector wall lamp. 2007 K. M. Holtzclaw & P. Christian San Timoteo Canyon i. 13 (caption) For years, Lewis and his family lived in an adobe that was located in the rear of this more-modern house. Compounds General attributive, esp. with the sense ‘made of adobe’. ΚΠ 1826Adobe building [see sense 2]. 1841 T. J. Farnham Trav. Great Western Prairies 136 We spent the 2d and 3d most agreeably with Mr. Walker in his hospitable adobie castle. 1858 Official Rep. Fourth Ann. Fair (Calif. State Agric. Soc.) 36 His garden is..the only one in the city where the principle of deep trenching has been carried out—the only true system for the perfect preparation of the adobe soil. 1879 F. S. Bridges Round World in Six Months 12 He..has a nice little adobi house. 1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 29 333 The skeleton..was discovered about three metres from the surface in an adobe deposit. 1917 Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. iii. 22 Adobe mud is really peculiar to the border country and Mexico. 1951 R. Bradbury Illustr. Man (1952) 123 Newer and better fireworks..banged against adobe café walls. 1989 D. Pearson Nat. House Bk. ii. iv. 145 Sun-baked adobe bricks..have been used for centuries in Indian pueblos. 2009 New Yorker 21 Dec. 89/1 They build a library, a workshop, an adobe hut, and passive solar cabins. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1748
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