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单词 buxom
释义

buxomadj.

/ˈbʌksəm/
Forms: ibuhsum, ibucsum, Middle English buhsum(m, Middle English bocsum, bocsom, Middle English–1700s buxum, Middle English boȝsam, boghsom, bousum, bousom, (?) busum, boxsom(e, bouxsome, bowxom, buxsom, Middle English bowsom, boxsum, buxsum, Middle English–1500s bouxom(e, boxom(e, boxum, Middle English–1600s bughsom, bowsum, buxome, Middle English bouxum, buxhum, Middle English–1500s buxume, buxsome, buxhome, (?) buscom, 1500s bowsome, buxam, buckesom(e, 1500s–1700s bucksome, 1600s–1700s bucksom, (1800s bucksome), Middle English– buxom.
Etymology: early Middle English buhsum , ibucsum (perhaps < Old English *búhsum , *gebúhsum ), < stem of búgan (gebúgan ) bow v.1 + -some suffix1; compare Middle Dutch boochsaem , Dutch buigzaam , German biegsam flexible, pliant. Branch II seems to have arisen from sense 1c; the development of sense 3 being precisely the same as in blithe adj., n., and adv., that of 4 as in French joli from ‘blithe’ to ‘comely’.
I. Easily bowed or bent.
1. Morally.
a. Obedient; pliant; compliant, tractable (to). Obsolete (except as a rare archaism.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > [adjective] > obedient
hearsumc900
buxomc1175
obedient?c1225
yherec1315
obeisantc1325
obeyant1417
obeishinga1425
obeyand?a1425
obeisand?c1450
morigeratea1533
morigerousc1600
parent1656
biddable1826
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 57 Beo buhsum toward gode.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Beon him ibucsum ouer alle þing.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6176 Þin laferrd birrþ þe buhsumm beon.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 980 An angel..bad hire..to hire leuedi buxum ben.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 8148 Alle men..Þat meke of hert er here, and bowsom.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 49 Oure Ladi Marye..was..buxumer to his bidding þan ony hond-mayde.
c1440 Generydes 2505 Thanne came ther in.. The buscommest folk.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 1006 I schal..Maken hem Buxom to ȝowre hond.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. i. 160/1 We ben..to them buxom and meke.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 21 I shall be buxome and obeydient to iustyces.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 287 b The Consuls should..sweare faythfully to become bonnaire and buxome to the Pope.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 626 So wilde a beast..buxome to his bands, is ioy to see.
c1684 MS. Let. Corporation of Kirkby to Judge Jeffreys Your Lordship was pleased to give us..your oath to become a buxome and beneficial member of this corporation.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain III. vi. 104 To be buxom and obedient to the customs and laws of the republic.
1867 C. Thirlwall Lett. (1881) 88 In the hope that you will be buxom and good, I conclude now my New Year's Lecture.]
b. Submissive, humble, meek. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > [adjective]
heanc825
daftc1000
edmedec1000
edmodc1000
edmodeda1175
sheepishc1175
deftc1220
edmodi?c1225
lowc1225
humblec1250
beienlichc1275
buxoma1300
meekc1325
benign1377
lowlya1382
contemptiblec1384
pridelessc1395
humil1488
low-down1548
unproud1570
demiss1572
unpuffed1577
afflicted1590
unselfdelicious1605
cottagely1653
unselfvaluing1668
simplified1721
demissivea1763
stateless1844
maiden-meek1847
vanityless1854
patronizable1884
a1300 Cursor Mundi 29009 Oure praier aw euer for to be bowsum.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 59 Hi..ziggeþ..þet hi byeþ zuo kueade and zuo zenful..vor þet me ham hereþ and hyealde uor wel boȝsam.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8356 Þat lauedi til hir lauerd lute Wit buxum reuerence and dute.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 57 Buxum, or lowly or make, humilis, pius, mansuetus.
c1440 York Myst. xxiv. 141 His sisteres praye with bowsom beede.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 870 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 122 Bowsome obeysance.
c. Gracious, indulgent, favourable; obliging, amiable, courteous, affable, kindly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > gracious
holdc893
winsomec900
goodlyOE
esteOE
menskful?c1225
courteousc1290
besekandlika1300
buxom1362
graciousa1375
queemfulc1390
nighsomea1400
gainlyc1400
favourablec1503
handsome1528
suave?1553
boona1612
benedictive1660
sneerless1884
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 56 Bouweþ forþ bi a brok beo-boxum-of-speche.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 421 God hym-self hoteþ To be boxome at my bidding.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 101 Meke and buxom looke thou be, And with hir dwell.
c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Bj To mak ye reders more bowsum and attent.
c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Fvv Ilk story be thi self is separat, To mak thaim bowsome to thine audience.
d. with infinitive: Easily moved, prone, ready. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective]
freeeOE
well-willingOE
readyc1175
fainc1275
buxoma1300
prestc1300
liefc1325
rifec1390
willyc1390
baina1400
willinga1400
listyc1440
towardc1440
appliable1449
pronea1450
wilfulc1460
prompt?a1475
content1477
towardly1513
contenteda1525
towards1525
fond1529
comingc1576
unrefusinga1586
open-armed1594
voluntary1598
gainsome1629
easy1653
unreluctant1654
nothing loath1667
applicable1702
irreluctanta1706
unhesitating1753
unloath1861
prone-minded1869
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25208 Þan suld we be..bowsom his bidinges to fullfill.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 50 The creatours þat er dom..er bughsom To lof hym.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 197 Many a beggere for benes buxome was to swynke.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (1879) 22 Þe flesh is euer lewid, and buxom to do Evil.
2. Physically: Flexible, pliant. Yielding to pressure, unresisting (poetic). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective]
tougha700
lithyc1000
softc1330
weak?a1366
plianta1382
persha1398
plyinga1398
lithec1400
supplec1400
plicable?a1425
curvable?1440
lethec1440
scretec1440
pliablec1475
bowable1483
bowing1483
waldinc1485
supple1513
flexible1548
limber1565
lither1565
bending1567
osier1577
wiry1588
buxom1590
withy1598
suppliable1599
renderingc1600
fluxible1607
winding1609
bendable1611
flippant1622
flexive1629
flexile1633
maniable1633
compliant1667
flectible1705
limp1706
yieldy1757
complying1774
limberly1782
willowy1791
switchy1810
wandy1825
twistable1853
bendsome1861
whippy1867
swack1868
bendy1873
the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > specific qualities of (the) air > yielding
lither1565
buxom1590
cessile1599
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L4 Then gan he..Scourge the buxome aire so sore, That to his force to yielden it was faine.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 278/2 The Pockes..are verye buxume.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 1111 Their substance is..flexible or buxome that they should not breake but giue way to violence.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 842 Wing silently the buxom Air. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 43 Her Turtles fann'd the buxom Air above.
II. Blithe, jolly, well-favoured.
3. Blithe, gladsome, bright, lively, gay. archaic.The explanation in Bailey and Johnson, ‘amorous, wanton’, is apparently only contextual.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [adjective]
blitheOE
merryOE
golikc1175
lustya1225
playfulc1225
jollyc1305
merrya1350
jocund?c1380
galliardc1386
in (also on) a (merry, etc.) pinc1395
mirthfula1400
baudec1400
gayc1400
jovy1426
jocantc1440
crank1499
envoisiesa1500
as merry as a cricket1509
pleasant1530
frolic?1548
jolious1575
gleeful1586
buxom1590
gleesome1590
festival1592
laughter-loving1592
disposed1593
jucund1596
heartsomec1600
jovial1607
jovialist1610
laughsome1612
jocundary1618
gaysome1633
chirpinga1637
jovialissime1652
airy1654
festivous1654
hilarous1659
spleneticala1661
cocket1671
cranny1673
high1695
vogie1715
raffing?1719
festal1724
as merry (or lively) as a grig1728
hearty1755
tittuping1772
festive1774
fun-loving1776
mirthsome1787
Falstaffian1809
cranky1811
laughful1825
as lively as a cricket1832
hurrah1835
hilarious1838
Bacchic1865
laughterful1874
griggish1879
banzai1929
slap-you-on-the-back1932
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 2 Gray and buxsome were his eyne.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vago..blithe..buckesome, full of glee.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iii. vi. 25 A souldier, one of buxsome valour.
?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome Pref. sig. a1 v Philosophie, such as this Booke teacheth, is altogether pleasant, free, bucksom, and if I may so say, wanton too.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote IV. xxx. 229 He went on his Journey..most glad and bucksome.
1675 C. Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 267 A fine Miss..as free, Buxom, and amorous as He.
1678 A. Marvell Def. John Howe in Wks. (1875) IV. 196 I could not but remark here of The Discourse..how jovial It is and bucksom.
1809 R. Heber Europe 18 Freedom's buxom blast.
1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. i. i. 3 That buxom month.
4. Full of health, vigour, and good temper; well-favoured, plump and comely, ‘jolly’, comfortable-looking (in person). (Chiefly of women.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [adjective] > pretty > pretty and plump
wally?a1513
buxom1589
sonsy1720
buxom-looking1840
tisty-tosty1888
zaftig1921
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump > of a woman
buxom1589
matronlya1660
buxom-looking1840
zaftig1921
curvaceous1933
curvesome1933
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. E A bonny prety one, As bright, buxsome and as sheene As was shee.
1608 T. Middleton Familie of Love (new ed.) iii. sig. E3 Those Ribs shall not infoulde thy buxom Limbs.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Matineux An earlie man is buxome.
1681 E. Hickeringill Vindic. Naked Truth 22 Those lazy and bucksome Abby-Lubbers.
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 16 My followers are smooth, plump, and bucksom.
1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 5 Theirs buxom Health of rosy Hue.
1781 S. Johnson Gray in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 23 His epithet buxom health is not elegant; he seems not to understand the word.
1823 W. Scott Peveril II. ix. 219 She was a buxom dame, about thirty.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 89 A buxom priest.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. viii. 240 Fresh buxom countenances.
1873 S. Sea Bubbles i. 4 A slight gathering in of her dress..to exhibit her buxom figure to full perfection.

Compounds

buxom-looking adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [adjective] > pretty > pretty and plump
wally?a1513
buxom1589
sonsy1720
buxom-looking1840
tisty-tosty1888
zaftig1921
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump > of a woman
buxom1589
matronlya1660
buxom-looking1840
zaftig1921
curvaceous1933
curvesome1933
1840 R. H. Barham Leech of Folkestone in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 116 He..followed a buxom-looking handmaiden into the breakfast parlour.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

buxomv.

Etymology: < buxom adj.
Obsolete. rare.
With to: To yield to, obey.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)]
hearsumc900
hearc950
buxomc1305
obeya1325
servea1325
obeisha1382
obtempera1475
obtemperate?a1475
follow1523
mind1559
obseque1720
c1305 Edmund Conf. 467 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 83 Þe bischop..him bet atte laste Þat he scholde not bileue godes wille to do To buxom to holi churche. [Query, read To be buxom.]
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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adj.c1175v.c1305
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