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affectionn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French affection, Latin affectiōn-, affectiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French affection (French affection ) emotion, feeling (c1190), fondness, warmth of attachment (c1190), desire, devotion, love (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), inclination (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), partiality (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman) (also 16th cent. in Middle French denoting a disease or medical condition) < classical Latin affectiōn-, affectiō state of feeling, mood, mental or bodily condition, emotion, attitude towards something, predilection, violent or reprehensible feeling or attitude, passion, prejudice, state of mind, disposition, state of the body, affection, love, purpose, intention, changed or changing relationship, aspect, phase, in post-classical Latin also disease (c1120 in a British source) < affect- , past participial stem of afficere affect v.2 + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Spanish affección (14th cent.), Italian affezione (a1294).With β. forms compare discussion at effect n. I. Senses relating to the mind. 1. the mind > emotion > [noun] the mind > emotion > [noun] > an emotion the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > [noun] ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 212 Þreo degrez beoð þer in [sc. in carnal desire]..þe forme is cogitaciun. þe oðer is affecciun [a1400 Pepys affectus]. þe þridde is consence..Affecciun is. hwen þeþocht geað inwart & delit kimeð up. & þe lust waxeð. c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann (1895) I. 267 (MED) Tender affeccion of loue..þou hast to me, þouȝ i be a wrecche & vnworþi. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer 1522 Withouten any other affeccioun Of love or evyl ymagynacyoun. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius (Linc. Cathedral 103) 52 (MED) Moche noyse of thyne affeccioun [L. affectuum tumultus] Hath sore distracted and distourbed þee. 1545 R. Ascham ii. f. 30v A man..is subiecte to inmesurable affections. 1568 V. Skinner in tr. R. González de Montes To Rdr. sig. A.ij Accompany the outward motions of the players, with some inward affection. a1716 O. Blackall (1723) I. viii. 70 Mercy..is an Affection of the Mind. 1764 T. Reid ii. §9. 112 The smell of a rose is a certain affection or feeling of the mind. 1815 J. G. Spurzheim ix. 466 Different degrees of the agreeable affections are called pleasure, joy, and ecstasy. 1878 J. P. Hopps xvii. 53 It is simply impossible to reveal anything to a human being except through his reason, his conscience, or his affections. 1938 R. G. Collingwood xii. 282 A bad work of art is the unsuccessful attempt to become conscious of a given emotion: it is what Spinoza calls an inadequate idea of affection. 1998 New Ser. 48 184 But short-lived mental states may not be relevant to character: a temporary affection of grief may, but need not, indicate that one is prone to melancholy. the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [noun] 1340 (1866) 151 (MED) Þe herte heþ tuo zides, þe onderstondinge and þet wyl—the skele and þe affeccioun. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 20v Affecciouns beþ foure: Joye, hope, drede & sorwe. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 14 Carnale affectioun will trow nathing, bot jt yat nature schawis thame. 1567 sig. Aii Slaues to their lustes and affection. 1590 E. Spenser ii. iv. sig. Q2 Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. 1611 Rom. i. 26 For this cause God gaue them vp vnto vile affections . View more context for this quotation ?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle i. 2 Anger, Envy, Feare, Pitty, or other affections. 1643 J. Milton 25 A will over-ruled by enormous affections or passions. 1736 Bp. J. Butler ii. vii. 257 Over and above our Reason and Affections. 1624 H. Wotton 88 Affection is the Liuely Representment, of any passion whatsoeuer, as if the Figures stood not upon a Cloth or Boorde, but as if they were acting vpon a Stage. 2. the mind > emotion > love > affection > [noun] c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. i. 31 With outen affeccioun or loue [L. sine affectione], withouten bond of pees, withouten mercy. 1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 54 in (1970) ii. 295 If he may fynden in the toun Any womman his blynd affeccion On to bestowe, foule moot he preeue. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer 1421 Made he [sc. Pelleus] to Jasoun Gret chere of love and of affeccioun. (Harl. 221) 7 Affeccyon, or hertyly wellwyllynge, Affectio. 1493 (de Worde) xxiii. sig. Ev/2 Affeccion is a wylfull bowyng, or enclinyng of a mannys hert with loue to a nother man. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 1 (MED) That the affection and charite may rise by the loue of places in-to the sowles of the peple. 1540 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 212 Luffe and tender affectioun. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 158 Claudio How know you he loues her? Iohn I heard him sweare his affection . View more context for this quotation 1611 M. Smith in Transl. Pref. 6 The Church of Rome would seeme at the length to beare a motherly affection towards her children. 1664 R. Lowe Jrnl. in B. Cusack (1998) 175 Att this time I had a most ardent Effection to Emm Potter. 1698 J. Norris IV. 289 To love one another, with the most Heroic and Divine Affection. 1749 H. Fielding III. ix. v. 347 We are no sooner in Love, than it becomes our principal Care to engage the Affection of the Object beloved. View more context for this quotation 1813 in T. P. Thompson (1842) IV. 11 The affection of a child for its parent, or of a virtuous and honourable man for his mistress. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ I. i. 43 Affection and satisfied pride would again warm her later years. 1893 A. Bierce 243 I have a singular feeling toward this watch—a kind of affection for it; I like to have it about me. 1906 J. Galsworthy 35 With [this refusal]..had gone the last outlet of his penned-in affection. 1939 D. Whipple xxviii. 334 You cannot feel a glow of affection for anyone without being warmed by it yourself, and Christine's sense of loneliness was now quite dissipated. 1953 S. Kauffmann x. 163 To demonstrate affection as well as passion, he began tenderly to kiss her cheeks and her eyes and her temples and her throat. 2000 N. Henderson (2001) ix. 113 He got on well with his officials and won the affection and respect of his fellow peers. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 47 The foweles...Ful loude songen hir affeccions. a1438 (1940) i. 218 (MED) To ȝeuyn me al thyn hool hert wyth alle thyn affeccyonis. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) i. iii. 112 Did you..Subdue and poison this young maides affections ? View more context for this quotation 1768 L. Sterne II. 26 I never had my affections more tenderly awakened. 1815 T. Chalmers Let. 4 Aug. in W. Hanna (1850) II. 11 Give my kindest affections to my father, mother, and family. 1855 W. H. Prescott I. i. ii. 35 In the society of one who was now the chief object of his affections. 1938 Oct. 28/1 Once you have secured a piece of your own, it will work its way into your affections, and you will find yourself sallying forth to add another and another of its kin. 1958 E. H. Clements ii. 44 My affections are, to use a corny phrase, ‘otherwise engaged’. 1989 I. Taylor (1990) vi. 67 She had not found an ideal one for her affections..and her family continued to make her aware of the terrible disgrace of spinsterhood. 2005 20 Sept. 39/1 The boiled sweet has a special sticky place in our affections; it stays in your mouth for an age, and can transport the elderly back to their youth. the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] c1390 G. Chaucer B.2439 Ye han shewed to youre counseillours..youre affeccioun to make werre. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4000 To þat sollempnite com lordes of renoun þat weddyng forto se for grete affeccioun. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer 793 This Tisbe hath so gret affeccioun And so grete haste Piramus to se. 1481 W. Caxton tr. i. v. 20 It was all their affeccion, intencion and reson to knowe god. c1550 (1979) x. 65 The inglismen exponis the prophesye of merlyne to there auen affectione. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin ii. f. 125 Where anger or hatred is, there is an affection to hurt. 1604 S. Rowlands 10 Lawyers that wrest the Law to your affection. 1625 F. Bacon (new ed.) vii. 34 If the Affection or Aptnesse of the Children, be Extraordinary, then it is good, not to crosse it. 1642 D. Rogers Ep. Ded. sig. A2v A few good reaches and affections after holinesse are not enough for us. 1762 Ld. Kames III. App. 394 Affection, signifying a settled bent of mind toward a particular being or thing. 1877 J. B. Mozley (ed. 3) iii. 69 The two desires..are in fact bound up with each other in one affection, and make but one affection between them. the mind > emotion > hatred > [noun] 1485 W. Caxton tr. sig. cij/1 And he cometh rennyng ageynst me wyth affectyon mortal. 1582 R. Hakluyt tr. G. B. Ramusio in sig. D*3v They vttered their olde spitefull affection towards vs. 1589 T. Cooper 22 I heare some crie out with earnest affection against me. the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero iii. sig. Q.7 Suche affectyon of mynde [L. animi talis affectio], that I do no man wronge bycause of my profyte. a1620 M. Fotherby (1622) ii. viii. §1. 279 Good Affections, which are præparatiues vnto Vertue. 1757 E. Burke i. §14. 23 Let the affection be what it will in appearance, if it does not make us shun such objects. society > morality > rightness or justice > wrong or injustice > [noun] > partiality 1547 J. Harrison 227 Weigh the querell indifferently, and without affeccion. 1559 Kennedy in (1844) 271 The anceant fatheris..without affectioun schaws truelie thair jugement. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Evagrius Scholasticus iii. vii, in 452 Very partiall..and led very much with affection. 1610 in J. A. Picton (1883) I. 122 Wth true and indifferent justice wthoute favoure or affection. II. Senses relating to the body. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 23 So it happiþ in effeccioun [L. infectione] of þe lyuour. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke Sig. Gij, in In all suche affections [Fr. affections] behoueth purgacyons. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie 4 Throwne into sundry diseases and innumerable affections. 1721 N. Robinson 91 A Consideration of those Affections that are incident to the Liver. 1761 J. Chandler (ed. 2) 51 It is of no small consequence to inquire, how deep in the Trachea, or Bronchia, the affection is lodged. 1804 J. Abernethy 157 I mean here only to advert to those rheumatic affections. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. vii. iii. 204 Died, sir, suddenly last night. It was an affection of the heart. 1895 J. M. Falkner xv. 225 His lungs were in a state of advanced disease, and there were signs of grave heart affection. 1903 30 May 1497/1 An affection of the digestive tract..which I have ventured to term ‘acholia’. 1949 H. W. C. Vines (ed. 17) x. 270 Molluscum contagiosum.—This skin affection is contagious and is characterised by the appearance of small tumour-like masses. 1960 V. Williams 116 He'll give you affection of the brain, you mess with it long enough. 1986 K. Amis i. 10 By one of the most rapid and complete recoveries in medical history, the affection had vanished. 2003 42 1173/2 A few scoring systems that exclusively examine the consequences of rheumatic affections of the hands have been developed. the world > health and disease > [noun] the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Aiij, in Euery vlcere is eyther symple and alone without other dysposytyon or affectyon begynnynge with it. 1665 R. South 3 To place men with the furious affections of hunger, and thirst in the very bosome of Plenty. 1701 W. Cockburn 86 They stimulating the musculous Fibres of the Stomach, must create an affection in proportion to the Stimulating. 1757 E. Burke iv. §1. 117 Why certain affections of the body produce such a distinct emotion of mind. 1798 A. Crichton II. 157 Laughter is, for the most part, an affection of the body, arising from certain thoughts which occur without the intervention of the will. III. The action of affecting, changing, or influencing something other than the mind or the body. the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process > undergoing or reception of action 1489 W. Caxton xix. sig. Dvijv First venial sinne byndeth the persone to peine, not determinatly ne precisely to peine perdurable, but to peyne purgatyf. & of present affeccion. 1656 T. Stanley II. iv. 4 Whether the same affection happeneth to any one, and to him that is next him from white, neither is he able to say. 1759 E. Burke (ed. 2) Introd. 26 There is no difference in the manner of their being affected, nor in the causes of the affection. 1794 J. Hutton 11 The reciprocal affection of those bodies. 1843 J. S. Mill I. i. iii. §4. 69 Besides the affection of our bodily organs from without. 1879 W. B. Carpenter (ed. 5) i. v. 186 The spots of the retina by the affection of which they are produced. 1944 88 276/1 We propose to call only the alterations of T-objects ‘figural after-effects’ and to refer to the affection of the medium as ‘satiation’. 1958 13 122 The actualization (or activation) of sound comes about through a blow or a collision of bodies, i.e. through an affection of the medium. 1992 P. Sandblom 29 Physical incapacity gave us another great composer, Robert Schumann, whose training as a concert pianist was terminated by affection of the right hand with paralysis of the long and ring fingers. the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > multiplication > into or by itself ?1683 (R. Davis, Printer) 3 By this means he shews the number of Roots (real or imaginary) in every Equation, and the Ingredients of all the Coefficients, in each degree of Affection. a1690 S. Jeake (1701) iv. iv. 644 In the several Affections, 2 things are to be considered, The Degree of Affection, and the Coefficient; as in 15qq, the Degree of Affection is squared Square, and the Coefficient 15 Root. 1871 9 301 There is no good reason to doubt that the same is to be understood as the doctrine of the present work, and that it would have anusvâra, so far as duplication is concerned, deemed and taken as merely an affection of the vowel to which it is attached. 1911 J. M. Jones in XXVIII. 269/1 Short vowels have been affected by vowels in succeeding syllables. These ‘affections’ of vowels are as follows:—(α) I-affection, caused by i in a lost termination..(β) A-affection..(γ) Penultimate affection. 1913 J. M. Jones 89 Affection is of two kinds in Welsh: 1. ultimate, when it takes place in the syllable which is now the last, having been brought about by a sound in a lost termination; 2. non-ultimate, when it takes place in the present penult or antepenult, the affecting sound being generally preserved in the ultima. 1937 H. Lewis & H. Pedersen 3 Changes due to vowel affection in Irish (>i),..in W. (>y, ei),..in Co. y is found written e where there is no affection. 1953 K. Jackson 578 It would be better..to date ā-affection in the first half or middle of the fifth century. 1982 13 253 A direct borrowing from Latin into Primitive Breton, *Ualint (with the characteristic loss of the epenthetic vowel after i-affection). 2000 44 14 Of these linguistic features perhaps the most significant is the lack of vowel affection. †IV. Senses relating to properties or incidental states of inanimate matter, etc. Frequently in technical contexts. the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > mode or form of existence ?1543 T. Phaer in tr. J. Goeurot (1560) N ij Beware of..fennes, for oftentymes the effection of the aire, ariseth of the corrupte vapoures. 1643 Sir T. Browne (authorized ed.) i. §35 The spirits walke..freely exempt from the affection of time, place, and motion. View more context for this quotation 1674 N. Fairfax 99 Motion, which is an all-reaching affection or belonger to each bit of the world. 1677 T. Gale iv. Proem. 7 The affections of propositions are either absolute or relate: absolute affections are quantitie and qualitie. 1701 P. Paxton Introd. 3 All such as are done by the former [sc. the body, as distinct from the mind] are but the mechanical Affections of Matter, being only certain effects of several degrees and modifications of motion. 1738 E. Chambers (ed. 2) (at cited word) The generality of Peripatetics divide Affections into internal, as motion, and finiteness; and external, as place and time. 1762 S. Cunn (ed. 9) 302 If the Perpendicular does not fall within, let it fall without the Triangle..; then, in the Triangle ABP, the Side AP is of the same Affection with the Angle B. 1802 J. Playfair 337 To be veined or not veined, is an affection of granite, that seems..accidental. 1846 W. R. Grove 23 Electricity is that affection of matter or mode of force, which most distinctly and beautifully relates other modes of force. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute 1588 W. Kempe sig. G3 The Rhetoricall pronounciation and gesture fit for every word, sentence, and affection. a1625 H. Finch (1627) 225 There remaineth yet one generall and common affection scattered throughout the whole Law..which we call an Action. 1656 J. Smith 3 The affections of Tropes..are such qualities as may put ornament upon any of the forementioned Tropes. 1659 J. Pearson 504 Holiness and catholicism are but affections of this Church. 1719 A. Tacquet i. 7 The primary Affections of Triangles and Parallelograms are deliver'd in this Book. 1751 J. Harris i. vii. 122 It fares with Tenses, as with other Affections of Speech. 1754 I. 62/2 Affection, in geometry, a term formerly used to denote the property of any curve. 1820 J. Mair (ed. 10) 389 Attributum, an affection, an attribute. 1860 F. W. Farrar i. 20 Thought is merely an affection of perishable matter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). affectionn.2 Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: affect v.2, -ion suffix1; affectation n. Etymology: Either < affect v.2 + -ion suffix1, or alteration of affectation n., by association with affection n.1 Now rare. the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > affectation 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) I. 244/1 He..doth answer again, by cauiling sophistication: & by mere affection. 1598 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 408 Taffata phrases, silken tearmes precise, Three pilde Hiberboles, spruce affection. 1603 Hist. Eng. in (Malh.) II. 415 I dislike affection of foreign and new-coined words, when we have good and sufficient store of our own. 1631 R. Sanderson II. 2/2 Affection in this, as in every other thing, is both tedious & ridiculous. 1686 (Royal Soc.) 16 76 A most inconvenient affection of Monasyllabical Words. 1818 3 24 The continued fulness of ideas, in a book, is a very different thing from the vile affection of saying things at every turn. 1986 A. Powell xiii. 69 The affection of being a Don Juan..in no way lessened what some regarded as a faintly perverse partiality for Henchman on the part of the ladies who made up his court. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). affectionv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: affection n.1 Etymology: < affection n.1, after Middle French affectionner (French affectionner ) to have affection for (14th cent. as past participle). Compare Italian affezionare (1598). Compare earlier affectionate adj. 4. Now rare. the mind > emotion > love > affection > [verb (transitive)] a1545 T. Lanquet (1549) iii. f. 196 Phillip..coupled to hym Bertradam, the wyfe of Fulco, whom he so affectioned, that all thynges were dooen at hir becke and commaundement. 1584 31 A goodlie Gentlevvoman, whom the Erle affectioned much. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 210 Can you affection the 'o-man..can you carry your good wil to ye maid? View more context for this quotation 1765 H. Walpole v. 170 I do not think my Lady Isabella ever much affectioned my young Lord your Son. 1824 M. Hawkins ii. iii. 33 A poor, But nice, young man, whom she affectioned In turn, but whom she never cou'd speak with. 1863 C. C. Clarke viii. 207 Malvolio..is the only person in the play who does not affection the gay and sweet-spirited jester. 1880 42 659 Those underground regions he affectioned. 1921 Baroness Orczy i. 20 Great was my astonishment to see him lolling there on the rickety chair which he affectioned, and half asleep. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
