calcinev.

/kalˈsʌɪn/

/ˈkalsʌɪn/

Forms: Also Middle English calcene, Middle English calcyne.

Etymology: < medieval Latin calcināre, a term of the alchemists, ‘to burn like lime, to reduce to calx n. ’. Probably the medieval Latin word arose in Italy, where calcīna ‘lime, quick-lime’, derivative of Italian calce, Latin calcem, is cited by Du Cange in a Latin document of 1215; Florio has also calcinare to burn lime, ‘to burn minerals to correct the malignitie of them’. The accentuation ˈcalcening occurs in Chaucer; calˈcine is the pronunciation in Ben Jonson, and all the poets since; though some recent Dictionaries give ˈcalcine either as an alternative or sole pronunciation.

a. To reduce to quick-lime, or to an analogous substance, by roasting or burning; ‘to burn in the fire to a calx or friable substance’ (Johnson).By the alchemists and early chemists this was supposed to be to reduce a mineral or metal to its purest or most refined residuum by driving off or consuming all the more volatile and perishable constituents; in reality it yielded in most cases a metallic oxide, though sometimes only a finely comminuted or sublimed form of a metal, or a desiccated form of other substance.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > refine > by specific method

calcinec1386

calcinate1559

calcinize1606

cupel1644

decrepitate1646

scorify1755

cupellate18..

retort1850

liquate1864

star1886

zone-refine1962

zone level1974

zone-melt1982

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 218 The care and wo That we hadden in oure matires sublymyng And in almalgamyng and calceniyng Of quyk siluer.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 9 The science to brynge gold into calx... In þe corusible ȝe schal fynde þe gold calcyned and reducid into erþe.

1596 J. Hester tr. Paracelsus (title) The first part of the Key of Philosophie..deuided into twoo Bookes... In the seconde is shewed the true and perfect order to prepare, calcine, sublime, and dissolue all maner of Mineralles.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 599 Fire burneth and calcineth stone, whereof is made that mortar which bindeth all worke in masonry.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4 I sent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. Out of that calx, I'ha' wonne the salt of Mercurie.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 240 Swines hoofes burnt or Calcined till they be white.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §50 I would gladly know how Moses with an actuall fire calcin'd, or burnt the Golden Calfe into powder.

1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. ii. 77 A little nitre thrown into the crucible, which effectually calcines the remaining regulus of antimony.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 318 Take some oysters-shells, calcine them, by keeping them in a good fire for about an hour.

1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iv. 57 Mr. Wallace explained how the ironstone, or mine as it is called, is calcined in the kilns.

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 423/1 Copper and other ores are calcined, to drive off the sulphur, the sulphurets being oxidized and sulphuric acid being disengaged and volatilized.

b. To subject to a heat sufficient to desiccate thoroughly, destroy contained organisms, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > to high temperature

calcine1880

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > sterilize > by heat-treatment

calcine1880

1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 105 Schröder and Dusch established that it was not necessary to calcine air.

c. figurative. To purify or refine by consuming the grosser part.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine

slick1340

filec1400

polishc1400

burnish1526

polite1535

extirpate1548

purify1548

soften1579

purgea1582

refine1592

mellow1593

civilize1596

rarefy1600

incivilize1603

sublimate1624

alembicate1627

chastise1627

sublime1631

calcine1635

gentilize1635

ennoble1636

subtilize1638

deconcoct1655

sublimizea1729

smooth1762

absterge1817

decrassify1855

sandpaper1890

1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 204 Yet you by a chaste Chimicke Art, Calcine fraile love to pietie.

1648 Earl of Westmorland Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson streaks belace the Damaskt West, Calcin'd by night, rise pure Gold from the East.

a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 159 Your Clay by the last Fire calcin'd, Shall to spiritual be refin'd.

a. gen. To burn to ashes, consume.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > burn away or to ashes

out-burna1382

consumec1425

torrefy1615

incinerate1800

roast1839

calcine1855

1647 J. Hall Poems i. 1 Harmlesse reams..Tobacco can Calcine them soon to dust.

a1664 M. Frank LI Serm. (1672) 225 Though the general conflagration shall at last calcine these glorious structures into ashes.

1855 D. Costello Stories from Screen 77 His body was found on the stone floor of his dormitory calcined to a cinder.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 214 Calcining the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > burn to ashes

to burn to, into (formerly also in) ashesc1175

to burn to powderc1175

adust?a1425

incinerate1555

adure1583

cinder1628

calcine1633

cinefy1654

1633 G. Herbert Easter in Temple i As his death calcined thee to dust.

1668 J. Denham Poems 181 Fiery disputes, that Union have calcin'd.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. i. ii. 19 There are souls in which the burning heat of some transfusing purpose calcines every other thought.

3. intransitive. To suffer calcination.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > of materials: undergo process [verb (intransitive)] > calcine

calcinea1727

a1727 I. Newton Opticks (1730) iii. i. 329 This Crystal is a pellucid fissile Stone..enduring a red Heat without losing its transparency, and in a very strong Heat calcining without Fusion.

1772 W. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 49 Its cone in many parts has been calcined, and is still calcining, by the hot vapours.

1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 226 The drawback of these stones [clunch and chalk] is..that under fire they calcine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	calcine
释义	† calcineadj. Etymology: ? < medieval Latin calcineus, or ? calcinus, < calx* lime. Obsolete. rare. Of lime. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > calcium > [adjective] > compounds calcine1576 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f. 216 An oyle will then issue, which shall be named the calcine oyle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). calcinev. /kalˈsʌɪn//ˈkalsʌɪn/ Forms: Also Middle English calcene, Middle English calcyne. Etymology: < medieval Latin calcināre, a term of the alchemists, ‘to burn like lime, to reduce to calx n. ’. Probably the medieval Latin word arose in Italy, where calcīna ‘lime, quick-lime’, derivative of Italian calce, Latin calcem, is cited by Du Cange in a Latin document of 1215; Florio has also calcinare to burn lime, ‘to burn minerals to correct the malignitie of them’. The accentuation ˈcalcening occurs in Chaucer; calˈcine is the pronunciation in Ben Jonson, and all the poets since; though some recent Dictionaries give ˈcalcine either as an alternative or sole pronunciation. 1. a. To reduce to quick-lime, or to an analogous substance, by roasting or burning; ‘to burn in the fire to a calx or friable substance’ (Johnson).By the alchemists and early chemists this was supposed to be to reduce a mineral or metal to its purest or most refined residuum by driving off or consuming all the more volatile and perishable constituents; in reality it yielded in most cases a metallic oxide, though sometimes only a finely comminuted or sublimed form of a metal, or a desiccated form of other substance. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > refine > by specific method calcinec1386 calcinate1559 calcinize1606 cupel1644 decrepitate1646 scorify1755 cupellate18.. retort1850 liquate1864 star1886 zone-refine1962 zone level1974 zone-melt1982 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 218 The care and wo That we hadden in oure matires sublymyng And in almalgamyng and calceniyng Of quyk siluer. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 9 The science to brynge gold into calx... In þe corusible ȝe schal fynde þe gold calcyned and reducid into erþe. 1596 J. Hester tr. Paracelsus (title) The first part of the Key of Philosophie..deuided into twoo Bookes... In the seconde is shewed the true and perfect order to prepare, calcine, sublime, and dissolue all maner of Mineralles. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 599 Fire burneth and calcineth stone, whereof is made that mortar which bindeth all worke in masonry. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4 I sent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. Out of that calx, I'ha' wonne the salt of Mercurie. View more context for this quotation 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 240 Swines hoofes burnt or Calcined till they be white. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §50 I would gladly know how Moses with an actuall fire calcin'd, or burnt the Golden Calfe into powder. View more context for this quotation 1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. ii. 77 A little nitre thrown into the crucible, which effectually calcines the remaining regulus of antimony. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 318 Take some oysters-shells, calcine them, by keeping them in a good fire for about an hour. 1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iv. 57 Mr. Wallace explained how the ironstone, or mine as it is called, is calcined in the kilns. 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 423/1 Copper and other ores are calcined, to drive off the sulphur, the sulphurets being oxidized and sulphuric acid being disengaged and volatilized. b. To subject to a heat sufficient to desiccate thoroughly, destroy contained organisms, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > to high temperature calcine1880 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > sterilize > by heat-treatment calcine1880 1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 105 Schröder and Dusch established that it was not necessary to calcine air. c. figurative. To purify or refine by consuming the grosser part. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine slick1340 filec1400 polishc1400 burnish1526 polite1535 extirpate1548 purify1548 soften1579 purgea1582 refine1592 mellow1593 civilize1596 rarefy1600 incivilize1603 sublimate1624 alembicate1627 chastise1627 sublime1631 calcine1635 gentilize1635 ennoble1636 subtilize1638 deconcoct1655 sublimizea1729 smooth1762 absterge1817 decrassify1855 sandpaper1890 1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 204 Yet you by a chaste Chimicke Art, Calcine fraile love to pietie. 1648 Earl of Westmorland Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson streaks belace the Damaskt West, Calcin'd by night, rise pure Gold from the East. a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 159 Your Clay by the last Fire calcin'd, Shall to spiritual be refin'd. 2. a. gen. To burn to ashes, consume. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > burn away or to ashes out-burna1382 consumec1425 torrefy1615 incinerate1800 roast1839 calcine1855 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 1 Harmlesse reams..Tobacco can Calcine them soon to dust. a1664 M. Frank LI Serm. (1672) 225 Though the general conflagration shall at last calcine these glorious structures into ashes. 1855 D. Costello Stories from Screen 77 His body was found on the stone floor of his dormitory calcined to a cinder. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 214 Calcining the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > burn to ashes to burn to, into (formerly also in) ashesc1175 to burn to powderc1175 adust?a1425 incinerate1555 adure1583 cinder1628 calcine1633 cinefy1654 1633 G. Herbert Easter in Temple i As his death calcined thee to dust. 1668 J. Denham Poems 181 Fiery disputes, that Union have calcin'd. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. i. ii. 19 There are souls in which the burning heat of some transfusing purpose calcines every other thought. 3. intransitive. To suffer calcination. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > of materials: undergo process [verb (intransitive)] > calcine calcinea1727 a1727 I. Newton Opticks (1730) iii. i. 329 This Crystal is a pellucid fissile Stone..enduring a red Heat without losing its transparency, and in a very strong Heat calcining without Fusion. 1772 W. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 49 Its cone in many parts has been calcined, and is still calcining, by the hot vapours. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 226 The drawback of these stones [clunch and chalk] is..that under fire they calcine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1576v.c1386
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† calcineadj.

calcinev.