Byzantineadj.n.

/bɪˈzantʌɪn/

/ˈbɪzəntʌɪn/

Forms: Also 1500s Byzantin, 1500s–1600s Bi-, Bezantin(e, 1600s Bysantin.

Etymology: < Latin Bȳzantīnus, < Byzantium : see bezant n. and -ine suffix¹; compare French byzantin. Byron has the first pronunciation, which the derivatives also follow; the second is frequent with classical scholars.

A. adj.

a. Belonging to Byzantium or Constantinople.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > Constantinople

Constantinopolitan1577

Byzantine1785

Stambouline1812

Byzantian1862

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 442 The Byzantine or Spanish nut.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred ii. ii. 183 From the Byzantine maid's unsleeping spirit.

1860 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. VIII. l. 153 The throne of the Byzantine Cæsars.

b. spec. Pertaining to the style of art, esp. of architecture, developed in the Eastern division of the Roman Empire. The Byzantine architecture is distinguished by its use of the round arch, cross, circle, dome, and rich mosaic ornamentation.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [adjective] > Byzantine

Byzantine1848

Byzantinesque1879

Italo-Byzantine1883

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art I. 114 Those of the Greek or Byzantine school.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 10 The earliest style that may fairly be called Christian is the Byzantine.

c. Byzantine historian n. one of a group of historians who lived in the Eastern Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries.

2. Reminiscent of the manner, style, or spirit of Byzantine politics; intricate, complicated; inflexible, rigid, unyielding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or complex

nice?a1500

perplexeda1522

perplex1534

intricablea1540

implicate1555

labyrinthed1641

complexed1646

knotted1649

complicated1656

plicated1666

complicatea1687

complex1715

Byzantine1937

1937 A. Koestler Spanish Test. iv. 75 In the old days people often smiled at the Byzantine structure of the Spanish Army.

1965 Economist 25 Dec. 1404/3 From the byzantine procedural caution of the approach work [to the Common Market] on both sides, it seems that substantive issues are still beyond the diplomats' grasp.

1966 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence (1967) 399 It was precisely on this occasion that Stalin struck the new ominous note of the cult of personality, of the Byzantine homage to the leader.

1966 Listener 26 May 765/1 To hint that one does not quite catch the drift of their byzantine prose..pierces to the heart of their intellectual pride.

B. n.

1. An inhabitant of Byzantium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun]

MedeeOE

PartheOE

PuniceOE

NineviteOE

Trojanc1330

sodomitea1382

Phoeniciana1387

Macedonianc1400

Parthianc1400

Macedonc1440

Phrygian?1473

Mycenaeanc1487

Tyrian1513

Sidonian?1520

Galatian1526

Canaanite1530

Cananaean1534

Milesian1550

Sogdian1553

Syrophœnician1560

Molossian1563

Hyrcanian1567

Palmyrene1567

Pergamenian1579

Smyrnian1579

Mysian1581

Carthaginian1592

Punican1595

Lycian1598

Smyrnaean1598

Phocaean1600

Gallo-greeks1601

Iberian1601

Minaean1601

Susian1601

Cappadocian1607

Carian1607

Paphlagonian1607

Hamathite1611

Pergamene1612

Byzantiana1620

Gallo-graecians1619

Chalcidian1654

Philadelphiana1680

Xanthian1685

Palmyrenian1697

Isaurian1776

Dardan1813

Byzantine1836

Bœotian1839

Ilian1847

Susianian1874

Libyo-Phœnician1876

Khaldian1882

Mitannian1907

Iconian1911

Petraean1923

Lycaonian1926

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 84/2 The Byzantines at one time had 500 ships.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money xiv. 195 The iron money of the Byzantines..was token representative money.

2. = bezant n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > Byzantine

bezantc1175

hyperper1598

Byzantine1599

follis1789

nomisma1908

nummion1908

tetarteron1908

1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 109 A Bizantin, which is..six pence sterling.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 421 (margin) Bizantines of silver valued at two shillings anciently.

1695 W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. ix. 97 Gave..one bezantine to his wife.

1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden II. 248 (note) Byzantines also, of gold and silver, are constantly disinterred.

†3. = bezant n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > made by English king at sacrament

Byzantine1614

bezant1667

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 202 A great peice of Gold valued at fifteene pound, which the King offereth vpon high festiuall dayes..it is called a Bizantine.

†4. Old name of some herb. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun]

smearwortc725

evenlesteneOE

hovec1000

hindheala1300

vareworta1300

falcc1310

holwort1350

spigurnela1400

rush?a1425

buck's tonguec1450

lich-walec1450

lich-wortc1450

vine-bind1483

finter-fanter?a1500

heartwood1525

wake-wort1530

Our Lady's gloves1538

bacchar1551

hog's snout1559

centron1570

lady's glove1575

sharewort1578

kite's-foot1580

Magdalene1589

astrophel1591

eileber1597

exan1597

blue butterflower1599

bybbey1600

oenothera1601

rhodora1601

shamefaced1605

mouse-foot1607

Byzantine1621

popinjay1629

priest's bonnet1685

Indian weed1687

foal-bit1706

shepherd's bodkin1706

bottle-head1714

walking leaf1718

French apple1736

bugleweed1771

night-weed1810

beggar-weed1878

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. i. v. 448 Syrupe of Borage,..of..Fumitory, Maidenhaire, Bizantine, &c.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 451 Syrups, of the conditure of citron peel, and byzantine.

Derivatives

Byˌzantiˈnesque adj. [see -esque suffix] in the Byzantine style of art.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [adjective] > Byzantine

Byzantine1848

Byzantinesque1879

Italo-Byzantine1883

1879 G. G. Scott Recoll. iv. 193 The Byzantinesque [design].

Byˈzantinize v. (transitive) to make Byzantine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [verb (transitive)]

Babylonize1607

phoenicize1846

Byzantinize1855

Phrygianize1893

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. x. 605 Either in Constantinople or in the Byzantinised parts of the West.

Draft additions April 2011

Byzantine Empire n. the empire in south-eastern Europe and south-western Asia formed from the eastern half of the Roman Empire and having Constantinople (Byzantium) as its capital.The Roman Empire was permanently divided into eastern and western halves in a.d. 395; cf. Eastern Empire at eastern adj. 6b.The term Eastern Roman Empire is now often applied to the period prior to the Arab conquests of the 7th cent., which permanently reduced the empire's size, with Byzantine Empire being reserved for the period from then until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

ΚΠ

1693 C. Blount Oracles of Reason 100 The Goths, who at that time possessed of Italy, Spain, Afric and other Provinces, were formidable to the Bizantine Empire.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. lii. 445 Thirty thousand Persians, who had obtained service and settlement in the Byzantine empire.

1820 T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily II. i. 21 His pretended skill in astrology and predictions of the fall of the Byzantine empire.

1881 Athenæum 8 Oct. 465/3 The gradual Hellenization of the Byzantine Empire in the language, customs, and the national character.

1931 A. W. Seaby Art in Life of Mankind 80 The Sasanians were as bitter enemies of the Christian eastern or Byzantine empire as they had been of pagan Rome.

2000 A. Louth in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 87/2 The ‘official’ line of Byzantine theology..and the monastic tradition converge in the last major theological controversy of the Byzantine empire.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	byzantine
释义	Byzantineadj.n. /bɪˈzantʌɪn//ˈbɪzəntʌɪn/ Forms: Also 1500s Byzantin, 1500s–1600s Bi-, Bezantin(e, 1600s Bysantin. Etymology: < Latin Bȳzantīnus, < Byzantium : see bezant n. and -ine suffix¹; compare French byzantin. Byron has the first pronunciation, which the derivatives also follow; the second is frequent with classical scholars. A. adj. 1. a. Belonging to Byzantium or Constantinople. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > Constantinople Constantinopolitan1577 Byzantine1785 Stambouline1812 Byzantian1862 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 442 The Byzantine or Spanish nut. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred ii. ii. 183 From the Byzantine maid's unsleeping spirit. 1860 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. VIII. l. 153 The throne of the Byzantine Cæsars. b. spec. Pertaining to the style of art, esp. of architecture, developed in the Eastern division of the Roman Empire. The Byzantine architecture is distinguished by its use of the round arch, cross, circle, dome, and rich mosaic ornamentation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [adjective] > Byzantine Byzantine1848 Byzantinesque1879 Italo-Byzantine1883 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art I. 114 Those of the Greek or Byzantine school. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 10 The earliest style that may fairly be called Christian is the Byzantine. c. Byzantine historian n. one of a group of historians who lived in the Eastern Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries. 2. Reminiscent of the manner, style, or spirit of Byzantine politics; intricate, complicated; inflexible, rigid, unyielding. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or complex nice?a1500 perplexeda1522 perplex1534 intricablea1540 implicate1555 labyrinthed1641 complexed1646 knotted1649 complicated1656 plicated1666 complicatea1687 complex1715 Byzantine1937 1937 A. Koestler Spanish Test. iv. 75 In the old days people often smiled at the Byzantine structure of the Spanish Army. 1965 Economist 25 Dec. 1404/3 From the byzantine procedural caution of the approach work [to the Common Market] on both sides, it seems that substantive issues are still beyond the diplomats' grasp. 1966 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence (1967) 399 It was precisely on this occasion that Stalin struck the new ominous note of the cult of personality, of the Byzantine homage to the leader. 1966 Listener 26 May 765/1 To hint that one does not quite catch the drift of their byzantine prose..pierces to the heart of their intellectual pride. B. n. 1. An inhabitant of Byzantium. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun] MedeeOE PartheOE PuniceOE NineviteOE Trojanc1330 sodomitea1382 Phoeniciana1387 Macedonianc1400 Parthianc1400 Macedonc1440 Phrygian?1473 Mycenaeanc1487 Tyrian1513 Sidonian?1520 Galatian1526 Canaanite1530 Cananaean1534 Milesian1550 Sogdian1553 Syrophœnician1560 Molossian1563 Hyrcanian1567 Palmyrene1567 Pergamenian1579 Smyrnian1579 Mysian1581 Carthaginian1592 Punican1595 Lycian1598 Smyrnaean1598 Phocaean1600 Gallo-greeks1601 Iberian1601 Minaean1601 Susian1601 Cappadocian1607 Carian1607 Paphlagonian1607 Hamathite1611 Pergamene1612 Byzantiana1620 Gallo-graecians1619 Chalcidian1654 Philadelphiana1680 Xanthian1685 Palmyrenian1697 Isaurian1776 Dardan1813 Byzantine1836 Bœotian1839 Ilian1847 Susianian1874 Libyo-Phœnician1876 Khaldian1882 Mitannian1907 Iconian1911 Petraean1923 Lycaonian1926 1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 84/2 The Byzantines at one time had 500 ships. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money xiv. 195 The iron money of the Byzantines..was token representative money. 2. = bezant n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > Byzantine bezantc1175 hyperper1598 Byzantine1599 follis1789 nomisma1908 nummion1908 tetarteron1908 1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 109 A Bizantin, which is..six pence sterling. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 421 (margin) Bizantines of silver valued at two shillings anciently. 1695 W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. ix. 97 Gave..one bezantine to his wife. 1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden II. 248 (note) Byzantines also, of gold and silver, are constantly disinterred. †3. = bezant n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > made by English king at sacrament Byzantine1614 bezant1667 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 202 A great peice of Gold valued at fifteene pound, which the King offereth vpon high festiuall dayes..it is called a Bizantine. †4. Old name of some herb. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun] smearwortc725 evenlesteneOE hovec1000 hindheala1300 vareworta1300 falcc1310 holwort1350 spigurnela1400 rush?a1425 buck's tonguec1450 lich-walec1450 lich-wortc1450 vine-bind1483 finter-fanter?a1500 heartwood1525 wake-wort1530 Our Lady's gloves1538 bacchar1551 hog's snout1559 centron1570 lady's glove1575 sharewort1578 kite's-foot1580 Magdalene1589 astrophel1591 eileber1597 exan1597 blue butterflower1599 bybbey1600 oenothera1601 rhodora1601 shamefaced1605 mouse-foot1607 Byzantine1621 popinjay1629 priest's bonnet1685 Indian weed1687 foal-bit1706 shepherd's bodkin1706 bottle-head1714 walking leaf1718 French apple1736 bugleweed1771 night-weed1810 beggar-weed1878 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. i. v. 448 Syrupe of Borage,..of..Fumitory, Maidenhaire, Bizantine, &c. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 451 Syrups, of the conditure of citron peel, and byzantine. Derivatives Byˌzantiˈnesque adj. [see -esque suffix] in the Byzantine style of art. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > ancient, primitive, or pre-Renaissance > [adjective] > Byzantine Byzantine1848 Byzantinesque1879 Italo-Byzantine1883 1879 G. G. Scott Recoll. iv. 193 The Byzantinesque [design]. Byˈzantinize v. (transitive) to make Byzantine. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [verb (transitive)] Babylonize1607 phoenicize1846 Byzantinize1855 Phrygianize1893 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. x. 605 Either in Constantinople or in the Byzantinised parts of the West. Draft additions April 2011 Byzantine Empire n. the empire in south-eastern Europe and south-western Asia formed from the eastern half of the Roman Empire and having Constantinople (Byzantium) as its capital.The Roman Empire was permanently divided into eastern and western halves in a.d. 395; cf. Eastern Empire at eastern adj. 6b.The term Eastern Roman Empire is now often applied to the period prior to the Arab conquests of the 7th cent., which permanently reduced the empire's size, with Byzantine Empire being reserved for the period from then until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. ΚΠ 1693 C. Blount Oracles of Reason 100 The Goths, who at that time possessed of Italy, Spain, Afric and other Provinces, were formidable to the Bizantine Empire. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. lii. 445 Thirty thousand Persians, who had obtained service and settlement in the Byzantine empire. 1820 T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily II. i. 21 His pretended skill in astrology and predictions of the fall of the Byzantine empire. 1881 Athenæum 8 Oct. 465/3 The gradual Hellenization of the Byzantine Empire in the language, customs, and the national character. 1931 A. W. Seaby Art in Life of Mankind 80 The Sasanians were as bitter enemies of the Christian eastern or Byzantine empire as they had been of pagan Rome. 2000 A. Louth in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 87/2 The ‘official’ line of Byzantine theology..and the monastic tradition converge in the last major theological controversy of the Byzantine empire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1599
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