With verbs of grieving, annoying, etc.: So as to cause mental pain or irritation; deeply, intensely.

to the sense: to a point of extreme or unbearable pain or sensitivity. Cf. to the quick at quick, n.1 3a. Obsolete. rare.

to the blood: to the point where blood flows; (also figurative) to an extreme or painful degree; ‘to the quick’.

To an excruciating degree; in an extremely painful manner. Often hyperbolically in humorous use.