Carbonaron.

Brit.

/ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːrəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌkɑrbəˈnɛroʊ/,

/ˌkɑrbəˈnɑroʊ/

Inflections: Plural Carbonari.

Forms: 1800s Carbonar, 1800s– Carbonaro. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian carbonaro.

Etymology: < Italian carbonaro (1816), specific use of Italian regional carbonaro charcoal seller or burner (see carbonara n.).The Carbonari adopted expressions from the trade of charcoal burning in some of their symbolism and rituals. The following source suggests a reason why the name was adopted:1880 W. Cory Guide Mod. Eng. Hist. I. 148 (note) In 1799..when driven to the forest of the Abruzzi they [sc. republicans] are believed to have disguised themselves as charcoal burners. In the course of twenty years the name Carbonari was borne by a society, or confederate societies, ranging all over Italy. With Carbonarism n. at Derivatives compare French carbonarisme (1818). In plural form Carbonari after the Italian plural form.

Now historical.

A member of a secret society (the Carboneria) formed in the kingdom of Naples in the early 19th cent. during the French occupation under Murat, and having patriotic, republican, and libertarian ideals. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > political associations

Carbonaro1818

fascio1893

squadra1922

1818 Times 2 Dec. 2/1 The Criminal Court of Rome..has completed the trials of the sect of the Carbonari.

1819 Ld. Byron Let. 22 Oct. (1976) VI. 230 I suppose you know that they said at Venice—that I was arrested at Bologna as a Carbonaro.

1821 G. Buckingham Let. 27 Feb. in R. Leighton Corr. Charlotte Grenville (1920) 269 I conclude the affairs of Naples will soon be settled, & the Carbonars taught their real value.

1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. 111 The Carbonari had become formidable in Italy.

1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) viii. 33 How they can be got together, I marvel: priests and philosophers, legitimists and carbonari!

1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. iv. 195 He had been a zealous member of certain secret societies that had spread over Italy—a carbonaro, Settembrini explained, suddenly dropping his voice, as though it might still be dangerous to utter the word.

1965 C. Hibbert Garibaldi & his Enemies i. i. 13 He [sc. Mazzini] joined the Carbonari..but the opera buffa ceremony of the ritualistic initiation..struck him as absurd.

1990 T. O'Neill in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 305 The radical Masonry of the French Revolution and the Carbonari is still very much alive.

Derivatives

Carboˈnarism n. the political principles of the Carbonari, or (in extended use) of similar revolutionists.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > principles or policies

Carbonarism1821

Risorgimento1878

trasformismo1925

1821 Times 31 Mar. 3/3 Letters from Modena and Parma state that there have been arrests of a marked description in these cities for Carbonarism.

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 487 His subjects..were almost all imbued with the principles of liberty, and indeed with some ideas of carbonarism.

1914 A. L. Guérard French Civilization in 19th Cent. iii. 107 ‘Carbonarism’, imported from Italy, was a counterblast to the secret organizations of the Jesuits and the Congregation.

1994 Man New Ser. 29 795 Mutual help is a central theme in carbonarism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carbonaro
释义	Carbonaron. Brit. /ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːrəʊ/, U.S. /ˌkɑrbəˈnɛroʊ/, /ˌkɑrbəˈnɑroʊ/ Inflections: Plural Carbonari. Forms: 1800s Carbonar, 1800s– Carbonaro. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian carbonaro. Etymology: < Italian carbonaro (1816), specific use of Italian regional carbonaro charcoal seller or burner (see carbonara n.).The Carbonari adopted expressions from the trade of charcoal burning in some of their symbolism and rituals. The following source suggests a reason why the name was adopted:1880 W. Cory Guide Mod. Eng. Hist. I. 148 (note) In 1799..when driven to the forest of the Abruzzi they [sc. republicans] are believed to have disguised themselves as charcoal burners. In the course of twenty years the name Carbonari was borne by a society, or confederate societies, ranging all over Italy. With Carbonarism n. at Derivatives compare French carbonarisme (1818). In plural form Carbonari after the Italian plural form. Now historical. A member of a secret society (the Carboneria) formed in the kingdom of Naples in the early 19th cent. during the French occupation under Murat, and having patriotic, republican, and libertarian ideals. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > political associations Carbonaro1818 fascio1893 squadra1922 1818 Times 2 Dec. 2/1 The Criminal Court of Rome..has completed the trials of the sect of the Carbonari. 1819 Ld. Byron Let. 22 Oct. (1976) VI. 230 I suppose you know that they said at Venice—that I was arrested at Bologna as a Carbonaro. 1821 G. Buckingham Let. 27 Feb. in R. Leighton Corr. Charlotte Grenville (1920) 269 I conclude the affairs of Naples will soon be settled, & the Carbonars taught their real value. 1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. 111 The Carbonari had become formidable in Italy. 1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) viii. 33 How they can be got together, I marvel: priests and philosophers, legitimists and carbonari! 1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. iv. 195 He had been a zealous member of certain secret societies that had spread over Italy—a carbonaro, Settembrini explained, suddenly dropping his voice, as though it might still be dangerous to utter the word. 1965 C. Hibbert Garibaldi & his Enemies i. i. 13 He [sc. Mazzini] joined the Carbonari..but the opera buffa ceremony of the ritualistic initiation..struck him as absurd. 1990 T. O'Neill in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 305 The radical Masonry of the French Revolution and the Carbonari is still very much alive. Derivatives Carboˈnarism n. the political principles of the Carbonari, or (in extended use) of similar revolutionists. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > principles or policies Carbonarism1821 Risorgimento1878 trasformismo1925 1821 Times 31 Mar. 3/3 Letters from Modena and Parma state that there have been arrests of a marked description in these cities for Carbonarism. 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 487 His subjects..were almost all imbued with the principles of liberty, and indeed with some ideas of carbonarism. 1914 A. L. Guérard French Civilization in 19th Cent. iii. 107 ‘Carbonarism’, imported from Italy, was a counterblast to the secret organizations of the Jesuits and the Congregation. 1994 Man New Ser. 29 795 Mutual help is a central theme in carbonarism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1818
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