carbonaten.

Brit.

/ˈkɑːbəneɪt/,

/ˈkɑːbənət/, U.S.

/ˈkɑrbənət/

Forms: 1700s–1800s carbonat, 1700s– carbonate.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French carbonate.

Etymology: < French carbonate ( L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Méthode de nomencl. chim. (1787) 165) < carbone carbon n. + -ate -ate suffix¹. Compare scientific Latin carbonatum (1794 or earlier). Compare carbonated adj.²In sense 3 apparently either after Portuguese carbonado carbonado n.² or alteration of carbonado n.²

1. Chemistry. A salt containing either of the anions CO₃²⁻ or HCO₃⁻ (a salt containing the latter being more usually referred to as a bicarbonate), typically formed by the action of carbon dioxide or carbonic acid on a base. Also: an ester having the general structure O=C^OR_OR′ where R and R′ represent organic groups (or parts of the same group in a ring structure).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates

anatron1706

carbonate1788

marine alkali1791

black ash1803

semi-carbonate1808

oxycarbonate1819

potash1823

hydrocarbonate1843

magnesium carbonate1871

thiocarbonate1883

polycarbonate1886

1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 120 Carbonat, salts formed by the union of the carbonic acid with bases.

1789 R. Kerr tr. A. Lavoisier Elements Chem. ii. §xxv. 252 To obtain the acid free, mix one part of ore of tungstein with four parts of carbonat of potash, and melt the mixture in a crucible.

1794 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 84 394 Carbonate of lime (chalk) readily dissolved, with effervescence, in the liquid.

1806 R. Patterson Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. App. 546 The alkaline carbonats are soluble in water.

1807 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 308 Common carbonat of magnesia.

1826 Lancet 8 July 475/2 It is an additional confirmation of the efficacy of carbonate of iron.

1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 650 Phenyl hydrogen carbonate, or acid phenyl carbonate..is identical with salicyclic acid.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 245 Carbonate of lead has been known from the highest antiquity.

1893 Amer. Naturalist 27 276 The author believes the mineral to be a hydrated carbonate CaCO₂ + 2H₂O.

1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 48 (table) Effervescence in the cold with evolution of carbon dioxide (recognised by turning lime-water milky) indicates carbonate.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xiii. 288 Ethyl carbonate, CO(OC₂H₅)₂, is formed by the action of ethyl iodide upon silver carbonate.

1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) ii. 49 Temporary hardness is due to the carbonates of calcium and magnesium, which are held in solution by carbon dioxide.

1953 G. E. Fogg Metabolism of Algae ii. 33 There is evidence that undissociated carbon dioxide is utilized by certain algae whereas bicarbonate and carbonate ions are not.

1992 Independent 23 Mar. 22/6 Carbon dioxide reacts with ethylene to give the safer solvent propylene carbonate, used in the polymer industry.

1993 S. Milligan & A. Clare Depression & how to survive It (1994) viii. 177 Lithium is currently prescribed in the form of lithium carbonate or lithium citrate.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 61 The manufacture of both glass and soap requires alkalis. In the ancient world these were primarily soda (sodium carbonate) and potash (primarily potassium carbonate).

2. Mining. Ore containing a high proportion of (esp. lead or iron) carbonate. Also carbonate ore.

ΚΠ

1849 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 3 736 An ‘amorphous’ carbonate ore yielding 83 per cent of pure metal [sc. lead].

1855 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 23 Mar. 329/1 A deposit..of what the Cornishmen term white carbonate, yielding about thirty per cent of iron.

1879 Scribner's Monthly. Oct. 808/1 Prospectors went everywhere seeking for carbonates, radiating from this center [sc. Leadville, Colorado] up all the gulches, and over the foot-hills.

1892 Daily News 29 Oct. 6/4 The new bodies of carbonate ore.

1944 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 150 419 We are operating at present on a burden of 60% brown Northampton ore and 30% carbonate ore.

1971 Britannia 2 206 The industry..was based on the carbonate ore of the Wadhurst Clay, a reducible material with an average iron content of 40 per cent.

1984 Mining Ann. Rev. (Nexis) June 205 These ores contain economic quantities of chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite finely disseminated in a gangue containing high proportions of pyrite with some quartz and carbonate.

2005 Alaska Business Monthly (Nexis) Nov. 54 The company reported that 27 of 51 exploration drill holes..intercepted variable thicknesses of white barite, white carbonate and massive sulfide.

3. = carbonado n.² Frequently attributive in recent use.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > diamond > [noun] > other types of diamond

violastrec1400

lasque1678

black diamond1689

carbonadoa1853

carbonate1860

carbon1869

river stone1873

fish-eye1882

white1895

1860 Chem. News 7 Apr. 208/2 He further recognises in this wonderful body [sc. diamond], called by the jeweller carbonate, a form of carbon possessing indeed more than the toughness with equal hardness, [etc.].

1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 256 The English diamond merchants..call it ‘carbonate’—an unfortunate word, for it is used in chemistry with an entirely different signification.

1879 J. J. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. IV. ix. 348 ‘Carbonate’, the hardest of the Brazilian diamonds,..has an amorphous fracture.

1985 D. E. Borges Family in Bahia, Brazil, 1870–1945 (1992) i. 23 During World War I demand for industrial carbonate diamonds flooded the diamond district with prospectors, traders, and the mule trains of traveling salesmen.

2005 W. C. Lyons & G. S. Plisga Standard Handbk. Petroleum & Nat. Gas Engin. (ed. 2) iv. 225/2 Natural diamonds are divided into three categories. First are the carbonate or black diamonds. These are the hardest and most expensive diamonds.

4. Originally and chiefly British. A carbonated drink.

ΚΠ

1982 Times 7 Sept. 21/1 We are also drinking more colas and carbonates at the expense of squashes.

1996 Daily Tel. 9 Feb. 16/8 We launched the first ever alcoholic carbonate in this country less than nine months ago.

2005 M. Shachman Soft Drinks Compan. Introd. p. xiii Main types of soft drinks: Carbonates, Still Drinks, Bottled Water, Dilutables.

Compounds

carbonate-fluorapatite n. Mineralogy a fluorine-containing mineral of the apatite group occurring as colourless or whitish crystals in some sedimentary rocks.The mineral is a carbonate and phosphate of calcium, Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃F. Crystal system: trigonal. The mineral has also been called francolite, staffelite.

ΚΠ

1938 Amer. Mineralogist 23 9 Francolite should include both a carbonate-fluor-apatite and a carbonate-hydroxy-fluor-apatite.

1945 U.S. Patent 2,380,800 3/1 The unprepared bone is probably a carbonate fluorapatite.

2007 Deep-sea Res. Part II 54 1375 Glauconite and carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA) are significant components of the condensed Upper Oligocene to Holocene succession recovered from the western margin of southern Africa.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† carbonatev.¹

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: carbonado v.

Etymology: Alteration of carbonado v., after -ate suffix³. Compare slightly later carbonade v.

Obsolete.

transitive. = carbonado v. (in extended use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)]

snithec725

carvec1000

cutc1275

slitc1275

hag1294

ritc1300

chop1362

slash1382

cut and carvea1398

flash?a1400

flish?a1400

slenda1400

race?a1425

raise?a1425

razea1425

scotch?c1425

ochec1440

slitec1450

ranch?a1525

scorchc1550

scalp1552

mincea1560

rash?1565

beslash1581

fent1589

engrave1590

nick1592

snip1593

carbonado1596

rescide1598

skice1600

entail1601

chip1609

wriggle1612

insecate1623

carbonate1629

carbonade1634

insecta1652

flick1676

sneg1718

snick1728

slot1747

sneck1817

tame1847

bite-

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > grill or broil

broilc1386

carbonado1610

carbonate1629

carbonade1634

grill1668

grillade1727

grid1884

pan-broil1901

braai1959

charbroil1971

1629 J. Gaule Distractions 255 To carbonate his Flesh.

1729 Evelyn's Terra 22 in Sylva (ed. 5) How Men carbonate and cut so many Rills, and narrow Trenches irregularly crossing one another, to drain their Meadows.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

carbonatev.²

Brit.

/ˈkɑːbəneɪt/, U.S.

/ˈkɑrbəˌneɪt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: carbon n., -ate suffix³.

Etymology: < carbon n. + -ate suffix³. Compare slightly earlier carbonated adj.²With sense 2 compare slightly earlier carbonize v.

a. transitive. Chemistry. To cause to react with carbon dioxide; to convert into a carbonate. Cf. carbonated adj.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > carbonate

carbonate1794

1794 E. Darwin Let. 1 Sept. (1981) 261 I shall wait for Dr Beddoes' next book, I think, before I carbonate or hydrogenate, or azotate, or oxygenate anyone.

1822 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 112 322 The iron..was then dissolved in muriatic acid, with which it effervesced, and therefore had been carbonated.

1852 E. Bowen Pict. Sketch-bk. Pennsylvania 179 The application of anthracite coal..for deoxidating and carbonating iron ore.

1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 279 The slow action of air, moisture, and the vapour of acetic acid on thin sheets of lead, by which the metal is oxidised and carbonated.

1889 Science 8 Nov. 314/2 Carbonate of lime, formed by the leaching of lime from mortar, carbonated by the carbonic acid in the air.

1996 New Scientist 20 July 30/3 Carbon dioxide dissolved in rain has gradually carbonated the surface of the concrete and edged its way in, while acid from decaying organic matter in the ground has infiltrated concrete foundations.

1997 New Scientist 10 May 45/1 SCCO₂, he realised, would be ideal for carbonating the cement in concrete.

b. transitive. To charge or impregnate (esp. a liquid or drink) with carbon dioxide.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [verb (transitive)] > carbonization

carbonate1805

carbonize1813

carburize1839

carburet1851

1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 237 Caustic alkali..becoming itself carbonated by means of the water.

1946 Fortune Aug. 156/1 Many American beers are carbonated artificially.

1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success vi. xviii. 289 Champagne is a special occasion drink almost everywhere. Sekt, generally inexpensive wine carbonated by gas injection, dominates in Germany.

1994 Beach Metro Community News (Toronto) 1 July 3 (advt.) The beer is fermented, conditioned, filtered and carbonated.

2001 Kenyon Rev. & Stand Spring 223 Priestley discovered several gases, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide; he also perfected a popular machine for carbonating water.

†2. transitive. To burn to carbon, to char; = carbonize v. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > to carbon

charka1661

char1686

carbonize1798

carbonate1799

carbonify1801

1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. vi. 294 Trees carbonated, or bituminated sometimes repose on Coal.

1809 Tran. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 287 Small twigs, either entirely carbonated, or the wood carbonated and the bark in a fibrous state.

1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 744 Witches..were carbonated in the fire because they unreasonably resisted drowning in the millrace.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.1788

v.¹1629

v.²1794

单词	carbonate
释义	carbonaten. Brit. /ˈkɑːbəneɪt/, /ˈkɑːbənət/, U.S. /ˈkɑrbənət/ Forms: 1700s–1800s carbonat, 1700s– carbonate. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French carbonate. Etymology: < French carbonate ( L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Méthode de nomencl. chim. (1787) 165) < carbone carbon n. + -ate -ate suffix¹. Compare scientific Latin carbonatum (1794 or earlier). Compare carbonated adj.²In sense 3 apparently either after Portuguese carbonado carbonado n.² or alteration of carbonado n.² 1. Chemistry. A salt containing either of the anions CO₃²⁻ or HCO₃⁻ (a salt containing the latter being more usually referred to as a bicarbonate), typically formed by the action of carbon dioxide or carbonic acid on a base. Also: an ester having the general structure O=C^OR_OR′ where R and R′ represent organic groups (or parts of the same group in a ring structure). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates anatron1706 carbonate1788 marine alkali1791 black ash1803 semi-carbonate1808 oxycarbonate1819 potash1823 hydrocarbonate1843 magnesium carbonate1871 thiocarbonate1883 polycarbonate1886 1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 120 Carbonat, salts formed by the union of the carbonic acid with bases. 1789 R. Kerr tr. A. Lavoisier Elements Chem. ii. §xxv. 252 To obtain the acid free, mix one part of ore of tungstein with four parts of carbonat of potash, and melt the mixture in a crucible. 1794 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 84 394 Carbonate of lime (chalk) readily dissolved, with effervescence, in the liquid. 1806 R. Patterson Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. App. 546 The alkaline carbonats are soluble in water. 1807 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 308 Common carbonat of magnesia. 1826 Lancet 8 July 475/2 It is an additional confirmation of the efficacy of carbonate of iron. 1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 650 Phenyl hydrogen carbonate, or acid phenyl carbonate..is identical with salicyclic acid. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 245 Carbonate of lead has been known from the highest antiquity. 1893 Amer. Naturalist 27 276 The author believes the mineral to be a hydrated carbonate CaCO₂ + 2H₂O. 1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 48 (table) Effervescence in the cold with evolution of carbon dioxide (recognised by turning lime-water milky) indicates carbonate. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xiii. 288 Ethyl carbonate, CO(OC₂H₅)₂, is formed by the action of ethyl iodide upon silver carbonate. 1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) ii. 49 Temporary hardness is due to the carbonates of calcium and magnesium, which are held in solution by carbon dioxide. 1953 G. E. Fogg Metabolism of Algae ii. 33 There is evidence that undissociated carbon dioxide is utilized by certain algae whereas bicarbonate and carbonate ions are not. 1992 Independent 23 Mar. 22/6 Carbon dioxide reacts with ethylene to give the safer solvent propylene carbonate, used in the polymer industry. 1993 S. Milligan & A. Clare Depression & how to survive It (1994) viii. 177 Lithium is currently prescribed in the form of lithium carbonate or lithium citrate. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 61 The manufacture of both glass and soap requires alkalis. In the ancient world these were primarily soda (sodium carbonate) and potash (primarily potassium carbonate). 2. Mining. Ore containing a high proportion of (esp. lead or iron) carbonate. Also carbonate ore. ΚΠ 1849 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 3 736 An ‘amorphous’ carbonate ore yielding 83 per cent of pure metal [sc. lead]. 1855 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 23 Mar. 329/1 A deposit..of what the Cornishmen term white carbonate, yielding about thirty per cent of iron. 1879 Scribner's Monthly. Oct. 808/1 Prospectors went everywhere seeking for carbonates, radiating from this center [sc. Leadville, Colorado] up all the gulches, and over the foot-hills. 1892 Daily News 29 Oct. 6/4 The new bodies of carbonate ore. 1944 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 150 419 We are operating at present on a burden of 60% brown Northampton ore and 30% carbonate ore. 1971 Britannia 2 206 The industry..was based on the carbonate ore of the Wadhurst Clay, a reducible material with an average iron content of 40 per cent. 1984 Mining Ann. Rev. (Nexis) June 205 These ores contain economic quantities of chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite finely disseminated in a gangue containing high proportions of pyrite with some quartz and carbonate. 2005 Alaska Business Monthly (Nexis) Nov. 54 The company reported that 27 of 51 exploration drill holes..intercepted variable thicknesses of white barite, white carbonate and massive sulfide. 3. = carbonado n.² Frequently attributive in recent use. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > diamond > [noun] > other types of diamond violastrec1400 lasque1678 black diamond1689 carbonadoa1853 carbonate1860 carbon1869 river stone1873 fish-eye1882 white1895 1860 Chem. News 7 Apr. 208/2 He further recognises in this wonderful body [sc. diamond], called by the jeweller carbonate, a form of carbon possessing indeed more than the toughness with equal hardness, [etc.]. 1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 256 The English diamond merchants..call it ‘carbonate’—an unfortunate word, for it is used in chemistry with an entirely different signification. 1879 J. J. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. IV. ix. 348 ‘Carbonate’, the hardest of the Brazilian diamonds,..has an amorphous fracture. 1985 D. E. Borges Family in Bahia, Brazil, 1870–1945 (1992) i. 23 During World War I demand for industrial carbonate diamonds flooded the diamond district with prospectors, traders, and the mule trains of traveling salesmen. 2005 W. C. Lyons & G. S. Plisga Standard Handbk. Petroleum & Nat. Gas Engin. (ed. 2) iv. 225/2 Natural diamonds are divided into three categories. First are the carbonate or black diamonds. These are the hardest and most expensive diamonds. 4. Originally and chiefly British. A carbonated drink. ΚΠ 1982 Times 7 Sept. 21/1 We are also drinking more colas and carbonates at the expense of squashes. 1996 Daily Tel. 9 Feb. 16/8 We launched the first ever alcoholic carbonate in this country less than nine months ago. 2005 M. Shachman Soft Drinks Compan. Introd. p. xiii Main types of soft drinks: Carbonates, Still Drinks, Bottled Water, Dilutables. Compounds carbonate-fluorapatite n. Mineralogy a fluorine-containing mineral of the apatite group occurring as colourless or whitish crystals in some sedimentary rocks.The mineral is a carbonate and phosphate of calcium, Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃F. Crystal system: trigonal. The mineral has also been called francolite, staffelite. ΚΠ 1938 Amer. Mineralogist 23 9 Francolite should include both a carbonate-fluor-apatite and a carbonate-hydroxy-fluor-apatite. 1945 U.S. Patent 2,380,800 3/1 The unprepared bone is probably a carbonate fluorapatite. 2007 Deep-sea Res. Part II 54 1375 Glauconite and carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA) are significant components of the condensed Upper Oligocene to Holocene succession recovered from the western margin of southern Africa. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † carbonatev.¹ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: carbonado v. Etymology: Alteration of carbonado v., after -ate suffix³. Compare slightly later carbonade v. Obsolete. transitive. = carbonado v. (in extended use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] snithec725 carvec1000 cutc1275 slitc1275 hag1294 ritc1300 chop1362 slash1382 cut and carvea1398 flash?a1400 flish?a1400 slenda1400 race?a1425 raise?a1425 razea1425 scotch?c1425 ochec1440 slitec1450 ranch?a1525 scorchc1550 scalp1552 mincea1560 rash?1565 beslash1581 fent1589 engrave1590 nick1592 snip1593 carbonado1596 rescide1598 skice1600 entail1601 chip1609 wriggle1612 insecate1623 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 insecta1652 flick1676 sneg1718 snick1728 slot1747 sneck1817 tame1847 bite- the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > grill or broil broilc1386 carbonado1610 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 grill1668 grillade1727 grid1884 pan-broil1901 braai1959 charbroil1971 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 255 To carbonate his Flesh. 1729 Evelyn's Terra 22 in Sylva (ed. 5) How Men carbonate and cut so many Rills, and narrow Trenches irregularly crossing one another, to drain their Meadows. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2018). carbonatev.² Brit. /ˈkɑːbəneɪt/, U.S. /ˈkɑrbəˌneɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: carbon n., -ate suffix³. Etymology: < carbon n. + -ate suffix³. Compare slightly earlier carbonated adj.²With sense 2 compare slightly earlier carbonize v. 1. a. transitive. Chemistry. To cause to react with carbon dioxide; to convert into a carbonate. Cf. carbonated adj.² 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > carbonate carbonate1794 1794 E. Darwin Let. 1 Sept. (1981) 261 I shall wait for Dr Beddoes' next book, I think, before I carbonate or hydrogenate, or azotate, or oxygenate anyone. 1822 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 112 322 The iron..was then dissolved in muriatic acid, with which it effervesced, and therefore had been carbonated. 1852 E. Bowen Pict. Sketch-bk. Pennsylvania 179 The application of anthracite coal..for deoxidating and carbonating iron ore. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 279 The slow action of air, moisture, and the vapour of acetic acid on thin sheets of lead, by which the metal is oxidised and carbonated. 1889 Science 8 Nov. 314/2 Carbonate of lime, formed by the leaching of lime from mortar, carbonated by the carbonic acid in the air. 1996 New Scientist 20 July 30/3 Carbon dioxide dissolved in rain has gradually carbonated the surface of the concrete and edged its way in, while acid from decaying organic matter in the ground has infiltrated concrete foundations. 1997 New Scientist 10 May 45/1 SCCO₂, he realised, would be ideal for carbonating the cement in concrete. b. transitive. To charge or impregnate (esp. a liquid or drink) with carbon dioxide. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [verb (transitive)] > carbonization carbonate1805 carbonize1813 carburize1839 carburet1851 1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 237 Caustic alkali..becoming itself carbonated by means of the water. 1946 Fortune Aug. 156/1 Many American beers are carbonated artificially. 1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success vi. xviii. 289 Champagne is a special occasion drink almost everywhere. Sekt, generally inexpensive wine carbonated by gas injection, dominates in Germany. 1994 Beach Metro Community News (Toronto) 1 July 3 (advt.) The beer is fermented, conditioned, filtered and carbonated. 2001 Kenyon Rev. & Stand Spring 223 Priestley discovered several gases, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide; he also perfected a popular machine for carbonating water. †2. transitive. To burn to carbon, to char; = carbonize v. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > to carbon charka1661 char1686 carbonize1798 carbonate1799 carbonify1801 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. vi. 294 Trees carbonated, or bituminated sometimes repose on Coal. 1809 Tran. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 287 Small twigs, either entirely carbonated, or the wood carbonated and the bark in a fibrous state. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 744 Witches..were carbonated in the fire because they unreasonably resisted drowning in the millrace. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1788v.¹1629v.²1794
随便看	carpenter's plane carpenter's square carpenter's yeoman carpenter's-scene carpenter'sscene carpenter-ant carpenter-bee carpenter-fashion carpenter-shop carpenter-theory carpenter-work carpenterant carpenterbee carpentered carpenterfashion carpentering carpenters carpentership carpentershop carpentertheory carpenterwork carpentries carpentry carper carpers

carbonaten.

Compounds

† carbonatev.1

carbonatev.2

† carbonatev.¹

carbonatev.²