adreadadj.

Brit.

/əˈdrɛd/, U.S.

/əˈdrɛd/

Forms: early Middle English adræd, early Middle English adreit (south-west midlands), Middle English adrade, Middle English adrede, Middle English–1500s adradde, Middle English–1500s adredde, Middle English–1600s adred, Middle English–1600s 1800s adrad, 1500s– adread; also Scottish pre-1700 addred, pre-1700 addrede, pre-1700 adred, pre-1700 adreid.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English *adrad , ofdrad , ofdread v.

Etymology: < *adrad, variant of ofdrad, past participle of ofdread v. Compare later adread v.²Distinct in meaning from the (formally identical) past participle of adread v.¹, which has the meaning ‘feared’ (compare e.g. quots. c1400, a1450 at adread v.¹ 1a), but use of this variant was perhaps reinforced by association with that verb. In later use in form adrad only in the works of William Morris (1834–96).

Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use).

In predicative use. Frightened, terrified, in dread; greatly afraid of (also at, to do) something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]

affrightOE

ofgrisea1200

adreadc1225

ofgasta1300

aghastc1300

dreadc1300

dreadfula1325

dreadya1325

forfrighteda1325

frightfula1325

gasta1382

dareda1400

aghasteda1425

mazed1493

awfula1522

agazed1557

flaited1565

terrifiedc1586

gastereda1644

scarified1895

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 622 We weren adredde [Bodl. adrede] of his rixlunge.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5463 A-dræd [c1300 adrad] he wes swiðe of his ahȝene liue.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 70 (MED) Þis crokede caynard, sore he is adred.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 781 (MED) Y am sore adred to remuwe þe of þys place.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 187 (MED) He wolde ben adrad for to beholde it.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) l. 1275 I am adrad god is nat in þis place.

1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Riv^v He nothyng helde hymself adradde of drunken Marke Anthony.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. viii. sig. S7^v Thinking to make all men adread.

1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. B6^v Be not adread your councell me to shew.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 174 Yet she, poore soule, was sore adread Into the horrid cell to yed.

1789 Poem Sir. J. Eland 67 in W. Bentley Hist. Town & Parish Halifax Lockwood was adread the town should rise indeed.

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 390 Her sister heard it breathless, and, adread.

1870 E. Magnússon & W. Morris Story of Volsungs xviii. 60 He snorted forth venom..but Sigurd neither trembled nor was adrad at the roaring of him.

1948 E. Birney Strait Anian 4 Topple in maelstrom... Adread in that mere we drift to map's end.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† adreadv.¹

Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. early Old English ondreðað (Mercian, plural indicative, transmission error), Old English andrædan, Old English andredan (rare), Old English ondrædan, Old English ondræddendra (present participle, genitive plural), Old English ondræt (imperative singular, before personal pronoun), Old English ondrætst (2nd singular indicative), Old English ondrędan, Old English ondredan (chiefly non-West Saxon), Old English ondreddende (Mercian, present participle), late Old English ondrest (2nd singular indicative), late Old English ondriedan (Kentish), early Middle English ondræde, early Middle English ondræede, early Middle English ondrede; also 3rd singular indicative early Old English andræt, early Old English ondrædt, Old English ondræd, Old English ondræt, Old English ondrætt, Old English ondret, Old English ondręt.

β. Old English adrædan, late Old English adræt (3rd singular indicative), late Old English adredan, early Middle English adrade (Essex), early Middle English adræde, Middle English adrede, late Middle English adred, 1500s addread, 1500s adread.

2. Past tense. a. Strong.

α. Old English ondreard (Northumbrian), Old English ondreord (Anglian).

β. Old English andræd (rare), Old English andred, Old English ondræd, Old English ondred, Old English ondret, late Old English ondriet (Kentish).

γ. Old English adræd (rare), Old English–early Middle English adred, early Middle English addred, early Middle English adrendon (plural, transmission error).

b. Weak.

α. Old English ondrædde, Old English–early Middle English ondredde, late Old English ondrędde, early Middle English andredde.

β. early Middle English adrede (perhaps transmission error), Middle English adradde (south-western), Middle English adredde, late Middle English adred.

3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English ondræden. b. Weak.

α. Old English ondræd, Old English ondrædd, Old English ondræded, Old English ondrædod.

β. Middle English adredde, Middle English–1500s adrad.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch onttrāden , ontrāden , ontrēden (however, compare Old Dutch anadrādan ), Old Saxon antdrādan , andrādan , andrēdan , Old High German intrātan , indrātan (Middle High German entrāten ), apparently < the Germanic base of and- prefix + the Germanic base of dread v. (although see discussion at dread v.). Compare adread v.² and adread adj. and discussion at those entries.With the α forms compare β. forms at and- prefix; the reduction of the prefix shown by the β forms is attested from the mid 10th cent. onwards (see discussion at and- prefix and compare a- prefix¹). In the Rushworth Gospels, the prefix is occasionally written with the Tironian note, which should probably be interpreted here as on- rather than ond- (compare discussion at and conj.¹); the examples could alternatively be analysed as showing and conj.¹ followed by (unprefixed) dread v. (compare Dict. Old Eng. at drǣdan). In Old English a strong verb of Class VII, belonging to a small subgroup derived from Germanic verbs whose past tense was formed by reduplication (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §746, and compare discussion at read v.). This pattern is shown by the Anglian past tense form ondreord (Northumbrian also ondreard with unrounding of the diphthong); see Forms 2aα. Τhe form perhaps shows simplification of the expected final consonant group drd and subsequent breaking of e before the resulting consonant group rd ; compare Anglianreord , past tense of read v. Strong past tense forms such as ondrēd, adrēd (see Forms 2aβ, 2aγ) shows assimilation to non-reduplicative Class VII verbs; compare Middle Dutch ontriet, onttrit, Old Saxon antdrēd, andried, Old High German intriat (Middle High German entriet). Occasional spellings such as ondræd, adræd for the past tense are perhaps partly inverted spellings for long ē by non-West Saxon scribes, but may also show confusion with the weak past tense and past participle which develop in late West Saxon (see Forms 2b and 3b). Strong forms survive into early Middle English in late copies of material of Old English composition; the late Middle English past tense adred apparently continues the earlier weak form adredde (with early Middle English shortening of the stem vowel before the double consonant).

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To dread; to fear (someone or something) greatly. Frequently with clause as object.In Old English frequently with reflexive dative and with object in the accusative or the genitive (cf. quots. OE², OE³); cf. also quot. a1350.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > dread or fear greatly [verb]

adreadOE

OE Beowulf (2008) 1674 Þæt þu him ondrædan ne þearft..on þa healfe, aldorbealu eorlum.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 364 Þa cwæð Cecilia sona mid gebylde, gif þis lif wære ana, and oþer nære selre, þonne mihte we ondrædan us deaðes rihtlice.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 5 He adred [OE Lindisf. ondreard, OE Rushw. &dreord, c1200 Hatton adrede; L. timuit] him þæt folc.

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1013 Hi ondredon þæt he hi fordon wolde.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 55 (MED) Ðese michele mildce he kedde..to alle ðo mannen ðe him ondradeð..hie michele hope to godes milce hauen, alle ðe him ondreadeð and for his eiȝhe alle unrihtwisnesse forlateð.

a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 124 in J. Zupitza & J. Schipper Alt- u. Mitteleng. Übungsbuch (1904) 84 He mei sare a dreden [a1200 Trin. Cambr. adrade] þet he ne muȝe ðenne bidde are.

a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) l. 297 (MED) Sore me adrede þat hue wole horn mys rede.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3146 (MED) Noþyng þay ne adradde.

c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 484 The pes is sauf, the werre is euer adrad.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 841 (MED) Kynge Edgar was so mechel adredde Of all men þat dweltone hym aboute.

1571 E. Grant tr. Plutarch President for Parentes sig. F.ij. Sluggishe seruauntes hardened in idlenesse adread stripes.

1593 G. Harvey New Let. Notable Contents sig. D3 The Earth addreading to be ouerwhurld, ‘What now auailes,’ quoth She, ‘my ballanceweight?’

b. transitive (reflexive). To fret or worry oneself; to be afraid.In Old English with reflexive dative.

ΚΠ

OE Cynewulf Elene 81 Ne ondræd þu ðe, ðeah þe elþeodige egesan hwopan, heardre hilde.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 9 Hi him mycelum ege adredon [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. ondredon, c1200 Hatton adredden]. & se engel him to cwæð: nelle ge eow adrædan [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. ondrædan, c1200 Hatton ondræden].

c1175 ( Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 108 Arisæð & ne ondredæþ eow.

a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 124 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 223 (MED) Se man þe nafre nele don god..maiȝ him sore adrade.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 56 (MED) Ful sorre y me adrede.

a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 1 Hwanne ich me biþenche, wel sore ich me a-drede.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2945 (MED) Ganhardin seiȝe þat siȝt, And sore him gan adrede.

2. intransitive. To be afraid or in dread. Cf. adread adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)]

adreadeOE

affrightOE

frightc1000

agastc1300

offrightc1300

scarec1400

resoignc1500

fray1535

feara1593

fley1768

eOE Royal Psalter li. 8 Uidebunt iusti et timebunt : geseoð ryhtwise & adrædaþ.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 25 Þa adredon [OE Lindisf. geeondredes, c1200 Hatton andreddon] hig & wundredon & betwux him cwædon: Wenst þu hwæt is þes þæt he bebyt ge windum ge sæ & hig him hyrsumiað.

OE Stowe Psalter xxvi. 3 Si consistant aduersum me castra, non timebit cor meum : gyf standað togeanes me weredu na ondrædeþ heorte min.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 193 Ðane no man us ne wereð..ne god nele, ich adrade, bute we him þe gernere bidden.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4361 Nu þu scalt adreden [c1300 adrede] for þine ær-dæden.

c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) l. 484 (MED) Of him men miȝt adrede.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 97 (MED) I adred for drede ill lufars departis.

a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) l. 7815 (MED) When he as robbur comen was..adred deueles in that place and askeden vchone, what was he.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† adreadv.²

Forms: Middle English adrede, 1600s adrad (past tense).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ofdread v.

Etymology: Variant of ofdread v., perhaps reinforced by association with adread v.¹; compare discussion at ofdread v. Compare earlier adread adj.

Obsolete.

transitive. To make afraid, terrify. Cf. ofdread v., adread adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)]

afearOE

affrightOE

breec1000

offrightlOE

agastc1225

offearc1225

dreadc1250

agrisec1275

begallowc1320

ashunchc1325

adreadc1330

affrayc1330

fleya1400

grise1513

terrify1536

fray-bug1551

thunderbolta1586

fear-blast1593

gaster1593

hazen1593

terrorc1595

affrighten1615

ter-terrifya1618

flaite1642

pavefy1656

repall1687

hobgoblin1707

scarify1794

to scare the daylights out of1951

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 1406 (MED) No was þer non in þat ferrede Þat of his liif him miȝt adrede.

1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 135 With these they adrad, and gasten, sencelesse old women.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† adreadconj.

Forms: pre-1700 adred, pre-1700 adreid.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: a prep.¹, dread n.

Etymology: < a prep.¹ + dread n. Compare earlier adread adj.

Scottish. Obsolete.

For fear, lest.

ΚΠ

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) l. 1871 in Shorter Poems (2003) 116 Ȝit study not ouir mekil a dreid thow vary.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 16215 So he baid lang.., Adred he war accusit of sic cryme.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adj.c1225

v.¹eOE

v.²c1330

conj.?1553

单词	adread
释义	adreadadj. Brit. /əˈdrɛd/, U.S. /əˈdrɛd/ Forms: early Middle English adræd, early Middle English adreit (south-west midlands), Middle English adrade, Middle English adrede, Middle English–1500s adradde, Middle English–1500s adredde, Middle English–1600s adred, Middle English–1600s 1800s adrad, 1500s– adread; also Scottish pre-1700 addred, pre-1700 addrede, pre-1700 adred, pre-1700 adreid. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English adrad , ofdrad* , ofdread v. Etymology: < adrad, variant of ofdrad, past participle of ofdread v. Compare later adread v.²Distinct in meaning from the (formally identical) past participle of adread v.¹, which has the meaning ‘feared’ (compare e.g. quots. c1400, a1450 at adread v.¹ 1a), but use of this variant was perhaps reinforced by association with that verb. In later use in form adrad* only in the works of William Morris (1834–96). Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use). In predicative use. Frightened, terrified, in dread; greatly afraid of (also at, to do) something. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 622 We weren adredde [Bodl. adrede] of his rixlunge. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5463 A-dræd [c1300 adrad] he wes swiðe of his ahȝene liue. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 70 (MED) Þis crokede caynard, sore he is adred. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 781 (MED) Y am sore adred to remuwe þe of þys place. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 187 (MED) He wolde ben adrad for to beholde it. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) l. 1275 I am adrad god is nat in þis place. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Riv^v He nothyng helde hymself adradde of drunken Marke Anthony. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. viii. sig. S7^v Thinking to make all men adread. 1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. B6^v Be not adread your councell me to shew. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 174 Yet she, poore soule, was sore adread Into the horrid cell to yed. 1789 Poem Sir. J. Eland 67 in W. Bentley Hist. Town & Parish Halifax Lockwood was adread the town should rise indeed. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 390 Her sister heard it breathless, and, adread. 1870 E. Magnússon & W. Morris Story of Volsungs xviii. 60 He snorted forth venom..but Sigurd neither trembled nor was adrad at the roaring of him. 1948 E. Birney Strait Anian 4 Topple in maelstrom... Adread in that mere we drift to map's end. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † adreadv.¹ Forms: 1. Present stem. α. early Old English ondreðað (Mercian, plural indicative, transmission error), Old English andrædan, Old English andredan (rare), Old English ondrædan, Old English ondræddendra (present participle, genitive plural), Old English ondræt (imperative singular, before personal pronoun), Old English ondrætst (2nd singular indicative), Old English ondrędan, Old English ondredan (chiefly non-West Saxon), Old English ondreddende (Mercian, present participle), late Old English ondrest (2nd singular indicative), late Old English ondriedan (Kentish), early Middle English ondræde, early Middle English ondræede, early Middle English ondrede; also 3rd singular indicative early Old English andræt, early Old English ondrædt, Old English ondræd, Old English ondræt, Old English ondrætt, Old English ondret, Old English ondręt. β. Old English adrædan, late Old English adræt (3rd singular indicative), late Old English adredan, early Middle English adrade (Essex), early Middle English adræde, Middle English adrede, late Middle English adred, 1500s addread, 1500s adread. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. α. Old English ondreard (Northumbrian), Old English ondreord (Anglian). β. Old English andræd (rare), Old English andred, Old English ondræd, Old English ondred, Old English ondret, late Old English ondriet (Kentish). γ. Old English adræd (rare), Old English–early Middle English adred, early Middle English addred, early Middle English adrendon (plural, transmission error). b. Weak. α. Old English ondrædde, Old English–early Middle English ondredde, late Old English ondrędde, early Middle English andredde. β. early Middle English adrede (perhaps transmission error), Middle English adradde (south-western), Middle English adredde, late Middle English adred. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English ondræden. b. Weak. α. Old English ondræd, Old English ondrædd, Old English ondræded, Old English ondrædod. β. Middle English adredde, Middle English–1500s adrad. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch onttrāden , ontrāden , ontrēden (however, compare Old Dutch anadrādan ), Old Saxon antdrādan , andrādan , andrēdan , Old High German intrātan , indrātan (Middle High German entrāten ), apparently < the Germanic base of and- prefix + the Germanic base of dread v. (although see discussion at dread v.). Compare adread v.² and adread adj. and discussion at those entries.With the α forms compare β. forms at and- prefix; the reduction of the prefix shown by the β forms is attested from the mid 10th cent. onwards (see discussion at and- prefix and compare a- prefix¹). In the Rushworth Gospels, the prefix is occasionally written with the Tironian note, which should probably be interpreted here as on- rather than ond- (compare discussion at and conj.¹); the examples could alternatively be analysed as showing and conj.¹ followed by (unprefixed) dread v. (compare Dict. Old Eng. at drǣdan). In Old English a strong verb of Class VII, belonging to a small subgroup derived from Germanic verbs whose past tense was formed by reduplication (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §746, and compare discussion at read v.). This pattern is shown by the Anglian past tense form ondreord (Northumbrian also ondreard with unrounding of the diphthong); see Forms 2aα. Τhe form perhaps shows simplification of the expected final consonant group drd and subsequent breaking of e before the resulting consonant group rd ; compare Anglianreord , past tense of read v. Strong past tense forms such as ondrēd, adrēd (see Forms 2aβ, 2aγ) shows assimilation to non-reduplicative Class VII verbs; compare Middle Dutch ontriet, onttrit, Old Saxon antdrēd, andried, Old High German intriat (Middle High German entriet). Occasional spellings such as ondræd, adræd for the past tense are perhaps partly inverted spellings for long ē by non-West Saxon scribes, but may also show confusion with the weak past tense and past participle which develop in late West Saxon (see Forms 2b and 3b). Strong forms survive into early Middle English in late copies of material of Old English composition; the late Middle English past tense adred apparently continues the earlier weak form adredde (with early Middle English shortening of the stem vowel before the double consonant). Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To dread; to fear (someone or something) greatly. Frequently with clause as object.In Old English frequently with reflexive dative and with object in the accusative or the genitive (cf. quots. OE², OE³); cf. also quot. a1350. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > dread or fear greatly [verb] adreadOE OE Beowulf (2008) 1674 Þæt þu him ondrædan ne þearft..on þa healfe, aldorbealu eorlum. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 364 Þa cwæð Cecilia sona mid gebylde, gif þis lif wære ana, and oþer nære selre, þonne mihte we ondrædan us deaðes rihtlice. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 5 He adred [OE Lindisf. ondreard, OE Rushw. &dreord, c1200 Hatton adrede; L. timuit] him þæt folc. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1013 Hi ondredon þæt he hi fordon wolde. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 55 (MED) Ðese michele mildce he kedde..to alle ðo mannen ðe him ondradeð..hie michele hope to godes milce hauen, alle ðe him ondreadeð and for his eiȝhe alle unrihtwisnesse forlateð. a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 124 in J. Zupitza & J. Schipper Alt- u. Mitteleng. Übungsbuch (1904) 84 He mei sare a dreden [a1200 Trin. Cambr. adrade] þet he ne muȝe ðenne bidde are. a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) l. 297 (MED) Sore me adrede þat hue wole horn mys rede. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3146 (MED) Noþyng þay ne adradde. c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 484 The pes is sauf, the werre is euer adrad. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 841 (MED) Kynge Edgar was so mechel adredde Of all men þat dweltone hym aboute. 1571 E. Grant tr. Plutarch President for Parentes sig. F.ij. Sluggishe seruauntes hardened in idlenesse adread stripes. 1593 G. Harvey New Let. Notable Contents sig. D3 The Earth addreading to be ouerwhurld, ‘What now auailes,’ quoth She, ‘my ballanceweight?’ b. transitive (reflexive). To fret or worry oneself; to be afraid.In Old English with reflexive dative. ΚΠ OE Cynewulf Elene 81 Ne ondræd þu ðe, ðeah þe elþeodige egesan hwopan, heardre hilde. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 9 Hi him mycelum ege adredon [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. ondredon, c1200 Hatton adredden]. & se engel him to cwæð: nelle ge eow adrædan [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. ondrædan, c1200 Hatton ondræden]. c1175 ( Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 108 Arisæð & ne ondredæþ eow. a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 124 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 223 (MED) Se man þe nafre nele don god..maiȝ him sore adrade. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 56 (MED) Ful sorre y me adrede. a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 1 Hwanne ich me biþenche, wel sore ich me a-drede. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2945 (MED) Ganhardin seiȝe þat siȝt, And sore him gan adrede. 2. intransitive. To be afraid or in dread. Cf. adread adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)] adreadeOE affrightOE frightc1000 agastc1300 offrightc1300 scarec1400 resoignc1500 fray1535 feara1593 fley1768 eOE Royal Psalter li. 8 Uidebunt iusti et timebunt : geseoð ryhtwise & adrædaþ. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 25 Þa adredon [OE Lindisf. geeondredes, c1200 Hatton andreddon] hig & wundredon & betwux him cwædon: Wenst þu hwæt is þes þæt he bebyt ge windum ge sæ & hig him hyrsumiað. OE Stowe Psalter xxvi. 3 Si consistant aduersum me castra, non timebit cor meum : gyf standað togeanes me weredu na ondrædeþ heorte min. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 193 Ðane no man us ne wereð..ne god nele, ich adrade, bute we him þe gernere bidden. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4361 Nu þu scalt adreden [c1300 adrede] for þine ær-dæden. c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) l. 484 (MED) Of him men miȝt adrede. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 97 (MED) I adred for drede ill lufars departis. a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) l. 7815 (MED) When he as robbur comen was..adred deueles in that place and askeden vchone, what was he. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † adreadv.² Forms: Middle English adrede, 1600s adrad (past tense). Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ofdread v. Etymology: Variant of ofdread v., perhaps reinforced by association with adread v.¹; compare discussion at ofdread v. Compare earlier adread adj. Obsolete. transitive. To make afraid, terrify. Cf. ofdread v., adread adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)] afearOE affrightOE breec1000 offrightlOE agastc1225 offearc1225 dreadc1250 agrisec1275 begallowc1320 ashunchc1325 adreadc1330 affrayc1330 fleya1400 grise1513 terrify1536 fray-bug1551 thunderbolta1586 fear-blast1593 gaster1593 hazen1593 terrorc1595 affrighten1615 ter-terrifya1618 flaite1642 pavefy1656 repall1687 hobgoblin1707 scarify1794 to scare the daylights out of1951 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 1406 (MED) No was þer non in þat ferrede Þat of his liif him miȝt adrede. 1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 135 With these they adrad, and gasten, sencelesse old women. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † adreadconj. Forms: pre-1700 adred, pre-1700 adreid. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: a prep.¹, dread n. Etymology: < a prep.¹ + dread n. Compare earlier adread adj. Scottish. Obsolete. For fear, lest. ΚΠ ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) l. 1871 in Shorter Poems (2003) 116 Ȝit study not ouir mekil a dreid thow vary. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 16215 So he baid lang.., Adred he war accusit of sic cryme. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1225v.¹eOEv.²c1330conj.?1553
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adreadadj.

† adreadv.1

† adreadv.2

† adreadconj.

† adreadv.¹

† adreadv.²