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单词 carbonite
释义

carboniten.

Brit. /ˈkɑːbənʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈkɑrbəˌnaɪt/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: carbon n., -ite suffix1.
Etymology: < carbon n. + -ite suffix1.In sense 3 after German Carbonit (1886 or earlier).
1. Geology. A natural coke-like material, typically formed by the action of igneous intrusions on bituminous coal deposits. Now rare.
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1810 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 3) I. App. ii. iv. 398 The truth is, that the coal which is often found thus free, or nearly so from bitumen, is the natural carbonite, or carbonic substance, which occurs elsewhere, as well as in basaltic countries.
1874 Harper's Mag. May 902/2 A new fuel, termed ‘carbonite’, is at present much spoken of. it is a natural product, found in the bituminous coal-fields of Central Virginia.
1889 Times 26 June 7/4 Carbonite value £1,124.
1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) II. 357/1 Carbonite, or natural coke. A coke-like material formed by the baking action of intrusive igneous rock-masses on seams of bituminous coal.
2004 Fuel Processing Technol. 85 1664 Three kinds of Chinese coals were used in this study. These include one natural coke or carbonite from Huaibei coal mine.
2. Chemistry. A salt or ester of an oxyacid in which carbon is divalent or supposedly so; spec. a salt of an anion CO22−. Also (in non-technical use): a basic carbonate (of lead, copper, etc.).In some instances perhaps confused with, or a typographical error for, carbonate n.
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1830 G. Crabb Dict. Gen. Knowl. 49/1 Barolite, a stone of the ponderous order, called also the carbonite of barytes.
1892 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 76 (table) Bromal or carbonite of bromoforme.
1906 Amer. Anthropologist 8 101 The colors are for the greater part red and white, the former being hematite and the latter carbonite of lead.
1920 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 24 82 The familiar action of carbon monoxide on potassium hydroxide, which might be expected to form potassium carbonite, gives instead potassium formate.
1937 Chem. Rev. 20 459 Wood..records the failure to prepare potassium ethyl carbonite, C(OC2H5)OK, by treating ethyl formate with potassium amide in liquid ammonia.
1996 Catalysis Today 27 379/1 CO can also interact with basic O2− sites to lead..to the formation of surface ‘carbonite’ CO22− ions.
2007 Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. (Mag.) 59 Green eye paint was derived from malachite, a carbonite of copper.
3. Any of a number of explosives based on a mixture of components including nitrated organic compounds and sulphur. Now rare.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > other specific explosives
powdera1393
gunpowder1411
saltpetre1501
petre1586
halinitre1608
sal-prunella1664
petre-salt1708
xyloidin1838
gun-cotton1846
pyroxyle1847
pyroxylin1847
pyroglycerin1850
xylidine1850
nitroglycerine1852
gun-sawdust1853
picrate1854
trinitroglycerin1864
nitroleum1866
trinitrin1866
dynamite1867
giant-powder1872
dualin1874
fulgurite1874
rendrock1874
glyoxilin1875
lithofracteur1875
trinitro-cellulose1875
white gunpowder1875
gelatin1878
cotton-powder1879
vigorite1879
blasting gelatine1881
Hercules powder1881
saxifragine1881
tonite1881
dynamogen1882
forcite1883
haloxylin1883
jelly powdera1884
nitro-gelatinea1884
panclastite1883
potentite1883
sebastinea1884
kolloxylin1884
hellhoffite1885
rackarock1885
securite1886
kinetite1887
roburite1887
carbo-dynamite1888
fortis1889
gelatine dynamite1889
gelignite1889
seranine1889
straw-dynamite1889
carbonite1890
amberite1891
nitro powder1892
Schnebelite1893
westfalite1894
thorite1899
soup1902
ammonal1903
cheddite1908
trinitrotoluene1908
Samsonite1909
tolite1909
trinitrotoluol1910
trotyl1910
glyceryl trinitrate1912
T.N.T.1915
nitro1916
amatol1918
cyclonite1923
hexogen1923
lox1923
pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923
hexite1931
aurantia1940
jelly1941
RDX1941
1890 Hornellsville (N.Y.) Weekly Tribune 28 Nov. 10/5 The high explosive carbonite has recently given very satisfactory results.
1891 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 83/2 Carbonite is an explosive introduced by Hellhoff, of Berlin; stated to be composed of nitrobenzene, potassium nitrate, sulphur, and Kieselguhr.
1910 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 764/1 Carbonite contains 25% of nitroglycerin.
1931 W. Payman & I. C. F. Statham Firedamp Explosions viii. 123 The latter regulation cuts out the old ‘Carbonite’ class of explosives, which..appears to be the one class of explosive capable of causing the ignition of coal dust more rapidly than firedamp.
4. Science Fiction. (The name of) a carbon-based material in which a person can be cryogenically preserved.Introduced in the film ‘Star Wars Episode V: The Empire strikes Back’ (1980).
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1980 D. Attias & L. Smith Empire strikes Back Notebk. 107 Threepio: They've encased him in carbonite. He should be quite well-protected—if he survives the freezing process, that is.
1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 22 May g1 Their mission..is to rescue Han Solo, decorating a wall of Jabba's rec room while still suspended in the ‘carbonite’ hibernation where ‘Empire’ left him.
1996 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 8 May The greatest X-Files mystery of all... Why doesn't David Duchovny's face move? It's as if he's been frozen in carbonite.
2002 Michigan Law Rev. 100 1742 Unless you've been frozen in carbonite or are hopelessly gullible, it must have occurred to you..that environmental activists are exaggerating just a bit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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